Post on 16-Mar-2020
The Application of Titanium in Direct Seawater Cooled LNG Plants
High Performance Tube, Inc. 1
LNG: A Growth Market
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Global Expansion78 liquefaction trains in service todayOver 60 new trains in proposal, FEED or EPCp p ,Titanium plays a critical role if seawater is utilized250 tons of titanium for typical Plant
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Snovit LNG, Norway
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LNG and Seawater Cooling
50% of trainsAdvantages
Energy Efficient gyStable temperature
Common ConcernsReliability Thermal Effluent
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Reliability & Material Selection
1st generation plants use Cu-NidCase History: Bontang, Indonesia
Survey of all LNG plantsSummary of lessons Learned
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Case History: Bontang LNG
MR Compressor Coolers1979 -- 90/10 Cu-Ni tubes1979 90/10 Cu Ni tubesFailure rate: 7% / year
Under deposit corrosionl d dUnplanned down-time !
Average of one outage per yearyLost production cost $$$
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Titanium Retrofit Solution
1992 - presentTitanium Fine-FinTitanium Fine-Fin tubes / RodBaffle Exchanger typeg ypNo corrosion or erosion in 15 yearsyIncreased capacity
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Summary of Lessons LearnedAvoid copper alloys / specify titaniumMaintain SW flow rate > 2 M/SMaintain SW flow rate > 2 M/SDesign for SW exit temperature < 40 C
d lProvide continuous cleaning SW strainers & continuous chlorinationDesign piping to eliminate low velocity pockets
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Titanium Adds ValueCost of unplanned down time of typical LNG train is $500,000.00 /dayLNG train is $500,000.00 /dayAdded cost of titanium vs. Cu-Ni Propane condenser = 5 million USDPropane condenser = 5 million USDLNG plant cost is 2 billion USD
l lMaterial selection is insurance
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New LNG Projects Specify Titanium
Oman, Qatar, Norway, Yemen, U.A.E.New heat exchanger technologies appliedOver 500 tons of titanium supplied in 2006
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Titanium Helifin Exchanger, Snovit LNG
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Snovit LNG mixed refrigerant condenser
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Propane Condenser, Yemen LNG
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Compressor Cooler, Gasco NGL train 4
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Titanium Fine-Fin Tube bundles
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Titanium Fine-Fin Tubing2.5 times increase in surface areaLess material required Hydrocarbon gas cooling / condensing h ll idshell–side
Seawater tube-side
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Material Selection and Market FactorsIs there a titanium shortage?Is the current price level impacting material selection or project approvals?Competing materials
Super-ferritic stainless (Sea-Cure 29-4C)Super-ferritic stainless (Sea-Cure, 29-4C)6 Mo StainlessSuper-Duplex stainless 2507
k lCopper Nickel
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ConclusionLNG is the fastest growing sector of the energy market.Seawater cooling improves LNG plant efficiencyTitanium reduces the risk of unplanned down-Titanium reduces the risk of unplanned downtime and has become the standard for seawater service.Technologies such as Fine-Fin tubing and anti vibration baffle structures have improved the performance of titanium heat exchangers
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performance of titanium heat exchangers