Post on 31-Dec-2015
The Great Debate
Constitution continued debate within the states over states’ rights, individual rights, and functional organization
Broke United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists
The Birth of Political Parties: The PlayersFederalistsAlexander Hamilton Beliefs in Government
– Rule by rich and well educated– New government should favor
merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers
– Strong central government with a strong president
– Favored industry– Wanted strong alliance with Britain– Centralized banking and create debt
spending– Cynical– Loose interpretation of the
Constitution The North
Anti-FederalistsThomas Jefferson Beliefs in Government
– Rule by everybody– New government should favor
farmers, artisans, and poor classes– Weak central government, power
given to the states to reflect individual interests
– Favored agriculture and farming– Wanted strong alliance with France– Low taxes, small tariffs– Idealistic– Strict interpretation of the
Constitution The South
Match the quote with the Party: Federalist or Anti-Fed?
1. “Your people, sir, are beasts…Take mankind in general, they are vicious.”
2. “The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves.”
3. “Rich should be in charge, because they can’t be bribed.”
4. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.”5. “All societies need a governing class.”6. “All men are created equal.”
Who are you?
Consider the times and these beliefs: What political party would you support? The Federalists or the Anti-Federalists? Explain your answer.
Political Vocabulary Ratify: To agree to, To sign Amend: To add to Veto: To refuse to sign Bill: Proposed law Suffrage: Right to vote Bicameral: Two house congress Impeachment: Process of trial of a governmental
official for accused wrong doing Cabinet: Advisors to the President
September 22, 2014
Objectives: Students will be able to identify the 6 Principles of the Constitution.
Question: Define the terms: fiscal, furlough-use them in a sentence.
Agenda: Notes/Worksheet –Homework: Read Chapter 3 Section 1
Quiz tomorrow
I. Popular Sovereignty
The people hold the ultimate authority– A representative democracy lets the people elect
leaders to make decisions for them.• Sen. Patty Murray (D), Sen. Maria Cantwell (D) and Rep.
Adam Smith (D) are our elected officials in Congress
II. Limited Government
Framers wanted to guard against tyranny– Government is limited to the power given them in
the Constitution.
– The Constitution tells how leaders who overstep their power can be removed
III. Federalism
The division of power between State and National Governments– Some powers are shared (i.e. power to tax)– The National Government has the “supreme
power” Challenges to federalism:
– Same sex marriage (why?)– Medicinal Marijuana (why?)– Others?
IV. Separation of Powers
No one branch holds “too much” power– Legislative branch makes the laws– Executive branch carries out the laws– Judicial branch interprets the laws
The American Constitution
Constitution divided into two parts– Articles--rights of
government (7 Articles)
– Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments)
Government and Man
Articles I-III– Separates power into
three branches of government
– Art. I-Leg.; Art. II-Exec.; Art. III-Judic.
Articles IV-VII– Power of Law
– Power of Constitution
Amendments I-X– Bill of Rights
Amendment XI-XII– Organization of Government
Amendment XIII-XV– Civil Rights Amendments
– Slave Amendments Amendments XVI-XIX
– Progressive Amendments Amendments XX-XXI
– New Deal Amendments Amendments XXII-XXVII
– Great Society Amendments
Article I: The Legislature
A.K.A. Congress, The Legislative Branch, The Lawmakers
Bicameral
– Upper House=Senate (2 per state, 100 total)
• 6 year term
• Led by the V.P. or Pres. Pro-Tempore
– Lower House=House of Representatives (proportional to population, 435 total--CA has 54)
• 2 year term
• Led by Speaker of the House
– President of Congress=Vice President of the United States of AmericaThe U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.
Legislative Powers Make laws Collect taxes Borrow and coin money Establish immigration policy Declare war and raise armies Approves treaties Control interstate activities
(trade, marriage, etc) ****To do ANYTHING
NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause)
Congress works at the Capitol Building in Washington D.C.
Legislative Branch
Senate and House of Representatives make our laws– Appropriate Money– Regulate Immigration– Establish Post Offices and Roads– Regulate Interstate Commerce and
Transportation– Declare War
How YOU can be a Congress-person! Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate) Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in
your state Have a lot of money for campaign
– Be independently wealthy– Have people contribute money/support
campaign
What would make you run for a political office?
How YOU can be a Congress-person! Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate) Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in
your state Have a lot of money for campaign
– Be independently wealthy– Have people contribute money/support
campaign
What would make you run for a political office?
Article II: The Executive
A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in-Chief, The Pres.
Term: 4 years, 2 term limit
President Vice PresidentCabinet (Sec. of State,
etc.)
Executive Power
Commander-in-Chief of American military
Execute law, sign/veto law
Make treaties Appoint judges
How YOU can be the Pres.
Be at least 35 years old Be a natural born citizen Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years Have even more money for campaign than
Congress-person
Executive Branch
The President of the United States– Chief Executive– Chief Legislator/Economic Planner– Chief Diplomat– Commander in Chief– Head of State
Article III: The Judicial A.K.A. The Bench, The
Courts, The Judiciary Term: Life Organization:
– Constitution
– Supreme Court
– Federal Courts
– State Courts
Judicial Power
Interprets law Reviews
“constitutionality” of laws
Reviews lower court cases
Preserves balance against political parties
Interpretation
“Loose Interpretation” A.K.A. “Loose Construction of
Constitution”– Interpretation of Constitution
must be flexible– People change, society
changes, technology changes-->Constitution must adapt
– What the Constitution doesn’t say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do
“Federalists” “Liberals”
“Strict Interpretation” A.K.A. “Strict Construction of
Constitution”– Constitution should remain
the constant– The Constitution must be the
measure of social, ethical, and moral change
– Government can ONLY do what the Constitution EXPLICITLY says
“Anti-Federalists” “Conservatives”
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court and other Federal Courts– Preserve and protect the rights guaranteed by
the Constitution– Considers cases involving national laws– Declares laws and Acts “unconstitutional”
V. Checks and Balances
Prevents the abuse of power in government– Each branch can check each other branch
• Example: Supreme Court nomination process:
President nominates (executive branch checking power of judicial branch)
Senate Confirms
(legislative branch checking the power of exec. Branch)
Executive Checks
Propose laws to Congress Veto laws made by Congress Negotiate foreign treaties Appoint federal judges Grant pardons to federal offenders
Legislative Checks
Override president’s veto Ratify treaties Confirm executive appointments Impeach federal officers and judges Create and dissolve lower federal courts
Judicial Checks
Declare executive acts unconstitutional Declare laws unconstitutional Declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
VI. Judicial Review
The Supreme Court holds the final check
The court has the power to strike down laws, to overturn executive acts, or order a public official to act in a certain manner if it believes the law or act to be unconstitutional.
Closing Question
Which of the six principles do you feel is most important? Why? Explain your answer in a complete sentence.
Review: 6 Principles of the ConstitutionReview: 6 Principles of the Constitution
Come up with a contemporary example for each principle, then choose one and draw a political cartoon that demonstrates that principle. Cartoon must include humor! DUE on Wednesday!!!
1. Popular Sovereignty 2. Limited Government 3. Federalism 4. Separation of Powers 5. Checks and Balances 6. Judicial Review