Post on 31-Aug-2018
Author Name: Suwannapho, Mathurada
Co‐Authors: Nanthasarn, Santipap; Koomsiri, Passakorn; Suksampan, Napada; Kongpon, Thanapond
Organisation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Rajanagarindra Institute, Bangkok , Thailand
The adaptation of problem gambling and internetaddiction
questionnaires to raise awareness of problem in
Thailand
Introduction 1 Prevalence and related factors of Gambler in Thai’s youth :the national survey 2013
Mental health disorder Percent
Any minor mental disorder 22.47
Any substance usedisorder 22.01
Any drug use disorder 6.9
Intermittent explosive 3.05
Any anxietydisorder 2.64
Bipolar I or II 1.18Any depressivedisorder 0.85
Composite International Diagnosis Interview 3 (CIDI)
European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions – 5 Levels(EQ-5D-5L)
*related with QOL( no statistic significant)
Introduction 2
Gambling helpline center
Smart player clinic
Integrated community
management to anti-gambling
Program
Thailand Gambling Treatment, rehabilitation
and recovery providence project
Introduction3
develop the tool kits to screening andraise awareness of theproblems
create a services model ofgambling problem and game addiction
Phase I
Phase II select the community to try out the tool kits
Phase III
Thailand Integrated community management to anti-gambling Program
THEOBJECTIVES OFTHISSTUDYIntroduction4
1 to explore the gambling problem and internet addiction in community
to study the association of gambling problem, internet addiction
and mental health problems
to raise awareness of the problem in communities member
through answering the questionnaires and interview
2
3
N = 385 subjects N= 12subjects
Population &
samplingQuantitative
collect data by questionnaire
Qualitative
in‐depth interview to the general population,community leaders, youth and village ‐
health volunteers
quota sampling in 3 areas
Methodology
October November December
making relationships
collected data from 385 subjects
in-depth interviewto12
subjects
Clarify the purpose
and thebenefits of research
collecteddata from 385 subjects
Questionnaires
1
2
3
General information
Gambling problem assessment questionnaires
The Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen (BBGS)
Problem Gambling Severity Index(PGSI)
Mental Health Impact Survey
Stress Test Questionnaire (ST-5)
Depression and suicidal risk screening test(DS8)
Substance Use Questionnaire And Game Addiction Screening Test(GAST)
Statistics
11.2
Descriptive Statistics Quality Analysis ofQuestionnaires
Inferential Statistic
➤
➤
➤
component analysis cause and EffectAnalysis sociology Imaginary
Content Analysis
➤
➤
➤
mean : content validity of the index of item objective congruence Cronbach's alpha coefficient : problem gambling severity index (PGSI), stress test questionnaire (ST-5) & game addiction screening Test (GAST) Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) : the brief biosocial gambling screen (BBGS) & depression and suicidal risk screeningtest (DS8)
➤ frequency and percentage :personal factors, gambling problems, awareness of gambling problems, game addiction & effect of mental health from theproblems
➤
➤
correlation : gambling problem,game addiction with effect ofmental healthcorrelation : the brief biosocialgambling screen (BBGS) andproblem gambling severityindex(PGSI).
Result 1 GENERALINFORMATIONS
0
30
20
10
13.8
3.98– 12 13– 18 19– 25 26– 59 60 and over
Age Group40
38.233.5
10.6
41.80 58.20
Result 2 THETYPEOFGAMBLINGPROBLEM
4.8
8.1
16.1
31.3
Lottery GameOnline Gambling Bet
N = 385
* No gambling 51.40
Result 3 THERELIABILITYOFQUESTIONNAIRES
Questionnaire Internal Consistency
BBGS-3 : Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen 0.49
PGSI-9 : The Problem Gambling Severity Index 0.94
ST-5 : Stress TestQuestionnaire 0.82
DS-8 : Depression and suicidal risk screeningtest 0.78
GAST-16 : Game Addiction Screening Test(GAST) 0.93
N = 385
Result 4 THESEVERITYOFPROBLEMS
0
17.5
35
52.5
Gambling Problem70
Problem Moderate Risk Low Risk Non-Problem
63.1
1313.810.1
GameAddiction
0
20
40
60
80
Problem Moderate Risk Normal
79
11.99.1
Result 5 THECORRELATIONOFQUESTIONNAIRES
** p < .001
Correlation BBGS-3 PGSI-9 GAST-16
BBGS-3: Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen -
PGSI-9: The Problem Gambling Severity Index .35** -
GAST-16 : Game Addiction ScreeningTest 00 .08 -
mean (N=385) .20 2.05 7.20
SD .52 5.32 9.76
Result 6 THECORRELATIONOFPROBLEMS
INTHEGAMBLERANDGAMER
*p<.05, ** p < .001
Correlation BBGS-3 PGSI-9 GAST-16 ST-5 DS-8(item1-6)
DS-8(item7-8) PS-2
BBGS-3: Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen -
PGSI-9: The Problem Gambling Severity Index
.17* -
GAST-16 : Game AddictionScreening Test -.07 .05 -
ST-5 : Stress TestQuestionnaire .16 .27** .65** -
DS-8 : Depression and suicidal risk screening test
.10 .18* .38** .57** -
DS-8 : Depression and suicidal risk screening test .28** .33** .09 .28** .26** -
PS-2: Phramongkutklao Hospital .04 .06 .23** .20* .03 .115 -
mean(N=142) .50 5.58 8.38 4.13 2.14 .76 .12
SD .75 7.57 4.13 3.20 1.69 1.14 .32
Result 7 THERELATION OFTHEPROBLEMS&STRESS
0
7.5
30
highest high moderate low
problem moderaterisk low risk
22.5
Gambling Problem
0
6
1815
12
highest high moderate low
problem moderate risk
24
Game addiction
THERELATIONOFTHEPROBLEMSResult 8
& DEPRESSION ANDSUICIDALRISK
Depression Risk Suicidal Risk
Problem Gambler 7.75 4.23
Moderate Risk Gambler 6.34 2.11
Low Risk 7.04 2.11
Problem Gamer 22.22 4.49
Moderate Risk Gamer 20.99 4.4
Result 9 THEAWARENESSOFGAMBLINGPROBLEM
Questionnaires Percentage
Have you felt that you might have a problem with gambling40.10
Have you felt guilty about the way you gamble or what happens when you gamble57
Has gambling caused you any health problems, including stress oranxiety35.20
Result 10 THAI ATTITUDEOFGAMBLING
Denial“ no gambling in our community”
“it’s not their problem”
Economic
“ free time but more money”
Culture
“ make a close relationship”
N=12
Result 11 THENEEDSOFTHAI PEOPLE
1
2
3
Renormalization
Prevention and protection programs
Harmful reduction
N=12
Summarize
01 02 03 04
The sample
38.2adulthood 33.5youth 13.8children
Type of problems
Lottery 31.3Game 16.1Onlinegambling 8.1
The mental health
problems
Gamers(p=0.01) have more mental health problem than gamblers (p=0.5)
Toolkits
Screening : PGSI-9 & GAST-16 (IC=0.94 ,0.93)Comorbidity : ST-5(CI=0.82)& DS-8(CI=0.78)
➤PGSI-C: Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77 (Jasmine M. Y. Loo,2010)➤South Africa : screening tools (SharpC,2012)
PGSI-9 (IOC=0.94)
Discussion 1 THESCREENING ANDRAISEAWARENESSTOOLKITS
BBG-3 (IOC=0.49)
➤Short form of PGSI must be improved in contentvalidity➤Self evaluation and confirm by PGSI ( Correlationof
Questionnaires = 0.35)
GAST-16 (IOC=0.93)
➤a screening tool for excessive gamers for Thai children & adolescent
➤Game addiction protection scale (Game-P) to assess protective factors for game addiction among Thai children and adolescents (ChanvitC,2017)
➤ half of them can perceive that they have gambling problem40.10
Discussion 2 THEGAMBLING PROBLEMANDINTERNET ADDICTION INCOMMUNITY
57 ➤more than half feel guilty about gambling or feel guilty about the consequences from it
35.20➤perceive themselves as having health
problems, stress or anxiety from gambling problem
I t p r o v e t h a tgambler recognizeg a m b l i n g a s aproblem and feelguilty because ofhuman being andre a l i z e d b y t h e pr o c e s s o fintellectual inbrain of human (T h a g o r nSitthichok, 2015:90 ‐91).
stress, depression and suicidal risk
Gambling ➤positively correlatedwithproblem
Discussion 3 THEGAMBLING PROBLEMANDINTERNET ADDICTION INCOMMUNITY
addictionGame ➤high positive relationship
with stress, depression and substance use
Benefit
Create a health service model to promote,
prevent and treat gambler and gamer.
Raise awareness of the gambling problemand
game addiction in communities.
Have the questionnaires to find gambling problem and
game addiction for people and public health officer.
Bring the policy of gambling and gaming with integration of
all in community.
The adaptation of problem gambling and internet addiction questionnaires to raise awareness of problem inThailand
Suggestion 1
Renormalization Harmful reduction
Prevention
& protection programs
There should be a communityawareness program on the effect of gambling problem.
The Use of the brief biosocial gambling screen (BBGS) must be combined with a problem gambling severity index (PGSI) to increase credibility or may be used with interview.
The research found that the gambler was playing for money. It should solve by giving career for long‐term solutions.
POLICYADVOCACY
Suggestion 2
Tool kits NormalizationProtective
& risk factors
The questionnaires used in
to other population groups.
To better understand the social and cultural conditions should study to the sample population in another province to represent Thai population.
There should also be a study of otherthis research should be applied factors that related to gambling problem
game addiction and mental healthproblems.
NEXTRESEARCH