Post on 27-Mar-2015
The 7-th Meeting of Ozone Research Managers for the Vienna Convention
Systematic Ozone Observations
Introduction to the Session 6
No satellite issues as discussed yesterday
Karel Vanicek
Czech Hydrometeorological InstituteWMO – SAG Ozone
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Current Observation SystemsDetails in the prevous sessions
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Ground infrastructure - The backbone networks (GAW & NDACC) - Complementary missions (SHADOS, airborn, big-baloon platforms) - Joint technological facilities (calibration and DQ/QA centres)
Satellite missions - Number of platforms (NASA, NOAA, ESA, EUMETSAT, …) - Evaluation teams (TOMS, GOME, SCIAMACVHY, OMI, … ) - Data access (NASA, KNMI, DLR, UB, … )
Integration - Umbrellas (IGACO, GCOS, WMO/CEOS) - Advisory (SAG Ozone, SAG-UV) - Assimilated products (O3 & UV mapping)
What we have & What we need ?
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Systematic observations =>
=> Systematic deposition to data bases
Inventory of the ground observation networks
Technologies – the current state and challenges
The GAW/IGACO/NDACC Meeting on Measurements of Strat. Ozone
WMO, Geneva, 21-23 April, 2008, 26 experts, 23 agencies
Ground ozone & UV observation capacity
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
279 ozone platforms in 1955-2007167 platforms active in 2000-2007All ozone data (total & profiles)
Conclusions - Geograph.imbalance (NH 80%, SH 20%) - ~ 40% reduction in the recent decades
~ 40 UV platforms in 2000-2005UV spectral observations only
Conclusions - Coordinated UV networks in US, CD, EU,JP - HQ spectral UV data in the EUVDB restricted - Erythemal UV in regional networks
~ 30 platforms in the EUVDB-FMI
Ground ozone observation networks
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Conclusions- No Brewers and Dobsons in Central Asia- Instrumental geographical imbalance ~ 50% of the platforms need data re-evaluation (Fioletov JGR, 2008)
Total Ozone 78 Dobson, 72 Brewer, 31 Filter
platforms active in 2000-2005
Vertical profiles 62 Ozone sonde, 24 Umkehr (Dobson) platforms active in 2000-
2005
Conclusions- A few sonde stations in SH and Central Asia- Tropics covered mainly by SHADOZ (11 sites)- Brewer Umkehrs taken but not processed
Actual Challenges The GAW/IGACO/NDACC Meeting on Measurements of
Strat. Ozone WMO, Geneva, 21-23 April, 2008, 26 experts, 23 agencies
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Seasonal D-B differences (~ 0-3%) in NH mid-latitudes – expected also in SH-ML & HL
Differences between simultaneous Dobson and Brewer observations at Arosa (J. Staehelin & B. Scarnato)
Conclusions- Differences attributed mostly to temperature sensitivity of ozone cross sections- Differences reduced to 1% by TOeff corr.but residual stray-light effects persist- Impacts on validation of satellites and seasonal trends of D/B merged data series
Dobson versus Brewer observations
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Differences (shifts & seasonality) between ground D&B satellite observations
Conclusions- D-B differences affect ground-satellite relations - Influence of different satellite algorithms and O3 cross sections
Dobson & Brewer versus satellites
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
• Simultaneous ozone (Dobson, Brewer, DOAS, sonde) observations in high latitudes• Sodankyla Observatory, FMI-ARC (67°N), SAUNA-1 (2006), SAUNA-2 (2007)
Conclusions- Atmospheric and instrumental stray light effects – can be corrected by a model- Calibration and stray light issues to be further investigated in 2008-2012- Activities coordinated by the RBCC-E Izana and co-funded by ESA and NASA
Main goals:• Absolute accuracy of ground instruments at high SZAs and TOZ values ?• Algorithms and instruments for ~1% accuracy of observations of TOZ ?• Nature of particular differences between ground and satellites ?
Ground & satellites in high latitudes the SAUNA experiment
Ozone profiles by different ground techniques
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Umkehrs - New UMK-04 algorithm → freeware available- High observation potential at Brewer stations- Further improvements - elimination of stray light effects
Ozone sondes - JOSIE & BESOS campaigns → SOPs for ECCs- SOP‘s → better accuracy by a factor of 2- „QA & QC for Ozone Sonde Measurements in GAW“ publ. in 2008 to be implemented in the network- JOSIE campaigns to continue at the WCCOS Juelich
LIDARs - Routine or experimental operation at 15 NDACC sites- Instruments and data analysis methods evaluated- Intercomparisons of instruments and algorithms - Further investigations → cross sections, resolution, methods of ICs
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1514
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109
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Ozone profiles by aircrafts
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Conclusions - > 20 000 flights since 1994 for O3, H2O, CO, NOy- Integration of Aircraft measurements into IGACO - From projects to sustainable Earth observations (GMES)
Inlet tubes
Instrumentation in Avionic Bay below the cockpit O3/CO/H2O/NOy/DAS
- A European Research Infrastructure (MOZAIC, IAGOS)- > 20 000 flights since 1994 for O3, H2O, CO, NOy- Instruments on 5 commercial aircrafts operated
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
New instrumentation
UV-VIS Diff. Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS)
• Absorption lines in the UV and Visible part of the solar spectrum• Total columns of more species (O3, NO2, H2O, BrO, …)• About 28 devices (prototypes) operated mostly at the NDACC sites• The SAOZ instruments are routinely operated• New MAX-DOAS (BIRA-IASB and INTA) tested with good results towards B&D
The BIRA-IASB MAXDOAS the SAUNA contributor
The INTA MAX-DOAS at the Izana Observatory
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
Conclusions for UV-VIS & FT-IR & Microwave- Multiple observations of atm. species → validation of GHG satellites - Perspective instruments for total columns and vertical profiles - Implementation of DQ, calibration and SOPs for a better integration
New instrumentation
- Multiple columns & profiles - About 15 devices at the NDACC sites- Recent results: ~1 % accuracy for column ozone
FT-IR NDACC sites
Microwave Radiometers
- Ozone profiles from O3 emissions at ~102 GHz- Range: ~ 20-70km, resolution: ~ 5-10km- About a dozen devices at the NDACC sites
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers (FT-IR)
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
UV observations
- Regional networks – some international coordination under NDACC- Instrumentation: Spectroradiometers – mostly Brewers (MKIV, MKIII) Multi-channel narow-band radiometers UV-Biometers – erythemal UV- Calibration – NIST & PTB reference lamps – commercial agencies/laboratories
Spectral irradiances – UV scansBrewer spectrophotometer MK-III
Erythemal UV irradiationUV-Biometers
Conclusions- World references not implemented, some calibration activities by the WRC Davos- SOPs are being defined for Brerwers and for UV-Biometers (COST-726)- Observation infrastructures in the regional scale → a week data exchange- Observation activities often under temporary projects → restricted data
Key topics for the suggestions
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
1. Maintenance of networks Priority to be given to the tropics and Central Asia → Capacity Building
2. Compatibility of data Comparison of different instruments and algorythms → Research Needs
3. Re-evaluation of problematic data recor Technological workshop followed by re-processing - suggested yesterday
4. Observation techniques for high latitudes Calibration and stray light issues to be further investigated including special missions (SAUNA 2006/2007
5. Integration of new instrumentation (UV-VIS, FTIR. MIcrowave, airborn) Definition of SOPs, DQ and metadata records for the operational instruments
Key topics for the suggestions
7ORM, Geneva, 2008 K. Vanicek, CHMI
6. Spectroscopic standards Standardization of cross sections for ozone and related speciesin (UV → IR) → Research Needs
7. Coordination of existing infrastructures GAW, NDACC → IGACO, GCOS, CEOS, GAW Strategic Plan
8. Global UV monitoring system - International calibration infrastructure to be created, - Observations not restricted and widely deposited into WOUDC - Public information services further implemented
Thank You