Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Tampere, Finland

Liang Jing

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Introduction to the Problem

• Time pressure conditioning and user performance [1, 9]

• Decision making under different time conditions [4, 3]

• Decision making and ergonomic aspects of the subjective time [2, 5]

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Background

• The time duration of key pressing is one way to allot dual functions on a single key. (mobile phones, the mode for input the same character is used in mobile phones

• Excessive delay of information sharing will deteriorate the quality of distributed decision making and cause emotional arousal (e.g. annoyance and anger, or lose their patience.)

• Working without any delay will lead to stress and increased mental workload to users [10]

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Objectives in General

• Research the strategy and features of localization

behaviour under time pressure

• To study different situations and dynamics of user activit

y, stipulated by temporal parameters of the computer en

vironment

• Designing of techniques for evaluation of user behavior u

nder time pressure conditions

• How to reduce the complexity of the decision-making

and to save time in urgent conditions

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Research Method

• To study different situations and dynamics of user activity, stipulated by

temporal parameters of software environment.

• Usability evaluation of user activity under different time conditions and

communication with computer through

typing on virtual keyboard – limited time of a choice per

character

cyclic text entry (single-button manipulation) – temporal

window

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Text Entry Testing

Experimental Setup:• Software should provide:

virtual keyboard andpossibility to control by temporal parameters: waiting time* per character reaction timeerrors counting

• IBM PC• Sound output• Mouse input

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

* http://unipen.nici.kun.nl/7th.iwfhr.2000/proceedings/pdf/poster-001-GarethLoudon.pdf

Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

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Cyclic Synthesis

Experimental Setup:• Software should provide:

special input techniques through single-button manipulation andpossibility to control by temporal parameters: waiting time* per segment reaction timeerrors counting

• IBM PC• Sound output

Schedule

Activity Time ResultsUsability testing 01/03-16/03 Data

Data analysis 16/03-26/03 Test results

Writing project report

16/03-26/03 Project paper

draft

Revising27/03-31/03 Final

paper

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Test PlanCyclic Synthesis

Test Entry testing

Test User 8 users

Waiting time/mouse input

5 trials

3 expos.

Totally Task 8*3*5=120

Test User 8 users

Segment Exposition

5 trials

3 expos.Totally Task 8*3*5=120

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Expected Results

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Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

Dynamics for user performance under time

pressure conditioning will be evaluated

through two techniques and the next

parameters:

reaction time per character or segment

a number of errors

Prospective applications • Understanding of the phenomenon of changing the s

ubjective time

• Typing under time pressure /predictive systems (T9, Dasher)

• Time required (difference) between visual response and audio response

• Algorithms and methods for detection of individual temporal parameters during designing process of dynamic multimodal interfaces

• Adaptive interaction techniques for people with special needs

Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

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Reference1. Amold, V., Hayne, S., Smith, C., and Sutton, S. 1996. Audio Group Decision Making: The Impact of time Pressure

and Group Support Systems, working paper.

2. Andrews, F. M. and G. F. Farris, 1972, Time pressure and performance of scientists and engineers: a five-year panel study, Organisational Behaviour and Human Performance, 8, 2, October, 185-200.

• Evreinov, G., Raisamo, R. Cyclic Input of Characters through a Single Button Manipulation. . In Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2002, pp. 259-266.

• Hayne, S. and Smith, C.A.P. Decision-Making Under Time Pressure: An investigation of decision speed and decision quality of computer supported groups. AIS Conference, 1996. Available at: http://www.speedofheat.com/hayne/time/ais96_tp.pdf

• Mann, L. and Tan, Ch. The Hassled Decision Maker: The Effects of Perceived Time Pressure on Information Processing in Decision Making. Australian Journal of Management, V. 18(2) December, 1993, The University of New South Wales, Available at: http://www.agsm.unsw.edu.au/eajm/9312/mann.html

• Matiasek, J., Baroni, M. and Trost, H. FASTY – A Multi-lingual Approach to Text Prediction. In Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2002, pp. 243-250.

• Wu Jing-Ling, Nobuki, O. and Sakai, Y. Human Characteristic on Phase Discrimination between Visual and Auditory Sine-Wave Stimuli. Available at: http://www.sccs.chukyo-u.ac.jp/ICCS/olp/o1-11/o1-11.htm

• Zagler, W.I. Matching Typing Persons and Intelligent Interfaces. In Proc. of the 8 th Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002, p. 242.

• Fabre, J., Howard, S. and Smith, R. Designing time at the user interface. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2000, Vol. 19(6), 451-463.

• Billard, E.A. and Pasquale, J.C. Effects of Periodic Communication on Distributed Decision-Making, IEEE Int. Conf. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, New York, 1993. (cit. on Wang, E., Caldwell, B and Zhang, K. Time Delay Tolerance in Computer Supported Cooperative Work. In Proc. of WWDU 2002 – World Wide Work, Berchtesgaden, May 22-25, 2002. Germany. p. 199.)

Text Input Under Time Pressure Conditions

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