Post on 12-Jan-2016
description
TeX, LaTeX, BibTeX and the TeX, LaTeX, BibTeX and the Graduate StudentGraduate Student
Scott WeaverScott Weaver
Pace UniversityPace University
April 12, 2008April 12, 2008
ReferencesReferences
All the following slides are based on the All the following slides are based on the following:following: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/englhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/engl
ish/lshort.pdfish/lshort.pdf http://www.ctan.orghttp://www.ctan.org http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/ http://dataninja.wordpress.com/2006/01/01/inthttp://dataninja.wordpress.com/2006/01/01/int
roduction-to-bibtex/roduction-to-bibtex/
TeXTeX
Created by Donald E. KnuthCreated by Donald E. Knuth
Purpose: Typeset text and mathematical Purpose: Typeset text and mathematical formulaeformulae
High typographical qualityHigh typographical quality
First released in 1982First released in 1982
TeX is the first syllable in the Greek word TeX is the first syllable in the Greek word texnologia (technology)texnologia (technology)
Pronounced “Tech” as in TechnologyPronounced “Tech” as in Technology
LaTeXLaTeX
Written by Leslie LamportWritten by Leslie Lamport
Interact at a Higher level Plain TeXInteract at a Higher level Plain TeX
Uses TeX as its typeset engineUses TeX as its typeset engine
What can it produce?What can it produce? Scientific and mathematical documentsScientific and mathematical documents Simple lettersSimple letters Complete booksComplete books
Pronounced “Lay-Tech” or “Lah-Tech”Pronounced “Lay-Tech” or “Lah-Tech”
LaTex vs. WYSIWYGLaTex vs. WYSIWYG
Not a WYSIWYG program like MS-Word Not a WYSIWYG program like MS-Word or Corel WordPerfect.or Corel WordPerfect.To preview the document, it must be To preview the document, it must be processed with LaTeXprocessed with LaTeXProblems with WYSIWYGProblems with WYSIWYG Documents generated aesthetically pleasing Documents generated aesthetically pleasing
with very little or inconsistent structurewith very little or inconsistent structure LaTeX forces the author to declare the logical LaTeX forces the author to declare the logical
structure of the documentstructure of the document
LaTeX Compared With WYSIWYGLaTeX Compared With WYSIWYG
WYSIWYG = “What You See Is What You Get”WYSIWYG = “What You See Is What You Get”WYSIWYG text is placed while it is typedWYSIWYG text is placed while it is typedTeX, a formatter, separates entering text and placing it on the pageTeX, a formatter, separates entering text and placing it on the pageExamples Entering a New SectionExamples Entering a New Section
Word Example:Word Example:Hit <Enter> twice to get two lines of vertical spaceHit <Enter> twice to get two lines of vertical spaceType "Section 1.2: New results“Type "Section 1.2: New results“highlight the text, clicking to select a larger type size, clicking to select a new type stylehighlight the text, clicking to select a larger type size, clicking to select a new type styleHit <Enter> two more times to get two more lines of vertical space. Hit <Enter> two more times to get two more lines of vertical space.
Tex ExampleTex ExampleType "\section{New results}“Type "\section{New results}“Format it later when it is “compiled”Format it later when it is “compiled”
Word processing a twenty page technical article is hardWord processing a twenty page technical article is hard keeping the vertical space between sections uniform is error-pronekeeping the vertical space between sections uniform is error-prone making sure that all of the bibliographic entries follow the required formatmaking sure that all of the bibliographic entries follow the required format correct equations lay outcorrect equations lay out
Advantages of LaTeX over Advantages of LaTeX over WYSIWYG Word ProcessorsWYSIWYG Word Processors
Best outputBest outputFastFastStable - Documents that run today will still run in ten years, Stable - Documents that run today will still run in ten years, or fifty. How is *.doc vs. *.docx?or fifty. How is *.doc vs. *.docx?FlexibleFlexibleInput: plain textInput: plain textOutput: anything – PS, PDF, HTML, or whatever will appear Output: anything – PS, PDF, HTML, or whatever will appear in the futurein the futureHighly portable and FREEHighly portable and FREEThe scientific standardThe scientific standardProfessionally crafted layouts availableProfessionally crafted layouts availableTypesetting mathematical formulae convenientTypesetting mathematical formulae convenientcomplex structures Generated easily ( i.e. footnotes, complex structures Generated easily ( i.e. footnotes, references, table of contents, bibliographies)references, table of contents, bibliographies)
See Examples: http://www.tug.org/texshowcase/
Disadvantages of LaTeX over Disadvantages of LaTeX over WYSIWYG Word ProcessorsWYSIWYG Word Processors
Does not work well for people who have sold Does not work well for people who have sold their souls to …their souls to …Although some parameters can be adjusted Although some parameters can be adjusted within a predefined document layout, the design within a predefined document layout, the design of a whole new layout is difficult and takes a lot of a whole new layout is difficult and takes a lot of time.of time.Very hard to write unstructured and disorganized Very hard to write unstructured and disorganized documents.documents.Your hamster might, despite some encouraging Your hamster might, despite some encouraging first steps, never be able to fully grasp the first steps, never be able to fully grasp the concept of Logical Markup.concept of Logical Markup.
LaTeX Input FilesLaTeX Input Files
Plain ASCII Text created with any text editor Plain ASCII Text created with any text editor (WinEdt suggested later)(WinEdt suggested later)
Contains the text and LaTeX layout commandsContains the text and LaTeX layout commands
Whitespace treated as HTML treats whitespaceWhitespace treated as HTML treats whitespace
Special Characters need “Escaped”Special Characters need “Escaped” # $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \# $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \ \# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{}\# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{} Note \ is not escaped using \\ since “\\” is used for line Note \ is not escaped using \\ since “\\” is used for line
breakingbreaking
LaTeX CommandsLaTeX Commands
\\commandNamecommandName[[optionsoptions]{]{argumentsarguments}} Case SensitiveCase Sensitive optionsoptions : optional : optional argumentsarguments : manditory : manditory Example: \includegraphics[width=2.5cm]Example: \includegraphics[width=2.5cm]
{chick.eps}{chick.eps}
LaTeX Command ExampleLaTeX Command Example
CommentsComments
Comment Comment Single Line CommentSingle Line Comment
Character: “%”Character: “%”
Ignores the rest of the line (and all whitespace at Ignores the rest of the line (and all whitespace at the beginning of the next line)the beginning of the next line)
Multi-line CommentMulti-line Comment\begin{comment} … \end{comment}\begin{comment} … \end{comment}
Must include \usepackage{verbatim} in the Must include \usepackage{verbatim} in the preamble of your documentpreamble of your document
Comment ExamplesComment Examples
Input File StructureInput File Structure
\documentclass[options]\documentclass[options]{class}{class}
……
\usepackage[options]\usepackage[options]{package}{package}
……\begin{document}\begin{document}……\end{document}\end{document}
Specifies the type of Specifies the type of document you intend to document you intend to writewriteInclude commands to Include commands to influence the style of the influence the style of the whole documentwhole documentLoad external packagesLoad external packagesStart the body of your Start the body of your documentdocumentEnd the document – End the document – anything that follows is anything that follows is ignoredignored
Input File StructureInput File Structure
\documentclass{article}\documentclass{article}\usepackage{babel}\usepackage{babel}
\begin{document}\begin{document}\title{An Example}\title{An Example}\maketitle\maketitle……contentscontents……\begin{bibliography}\begin{bibliography}……\end{bibliography}\end{bibliography}\end{document}\end{document}
PreamblePreamble
Front MatterFront Matter
BodyBody
Back MatterBack Matter
Basic Processing ExampleBasic Processing Example
Create the file (small.tex)Create the file (small.tex)\documentclass{article}\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\begin{document}Small is beautiful.Small is beautiful.\end{document}\end{document}
Run LaTeX on the file creating a dviRun LaTeX on the file creating a dvilatex small.texlatex small.tex
View dvi using yapView dvi using yap simply double-click on the dvi filesimply double-click on the dvi file
Ghostscript to change to a ps fileGhostscript to change to a ps filedvips -Pcmz small.dvi -o small.psdvips -Pcmz small.dvi -o small.ps
Or Use WinEdt…more on that laterOr Use WinEdt…more on that later
Basic Processing ArchitectureBasic Processing Architecture
Another ExampleAnother Example\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}% define the title\author{H.~Partl}\title{Minimalism}\begin{document}
% generates the title\maketitle
% insert the table of contents\tableofcontents
\section{Some Interesting Words}Well, and here begins my lovely article.\section{Good Bye World}\ldots{} and here it ends.
\end{document}
Other PossibilitiesOther Possibilities
Making TablesMaking Tables
Adding ImagesAdding Images
Adding CaptionsAdding Captions
Labels and Cross-ReferencesLabels and Cross-References
BibTeXBibTeX
IntroductionIntroduction
BibTeX is…BibTeX is… A plain-text file format and a program A plain-text file format and a program
designed to work with LaTeXdesigned to work with LaTeX bibliographical information (author name, bibliographical information (author name,
journal title, date, etc) stored in the filejournal title, date, etc) stored in the file incorporates BibTeX file (.bib) into LaTeX incorporates BibTeX file (.bib) into LaTeX
documentsdocuments
Sample Bibliographic EntrySample Bibliographic Entry@article{ Hemmendinger07,@article{ Hemmendinger07, author = {David Hemmendinger},author = {David Hemmendinger}, title = {The ACM and IEEE-CS title = {The ACM and IEEE-CS
guidelines for undergraduate guidelines for undergraduate CS education},CS education},
journal = {Commun. ACM},journal = {Commun. ACM}, volume = {50},volume = {50}, number = {5},number = {5}, year = {2007},year = {2007}, issn = {0001-0782},issn = {0001-0782}, pages = {46--53},pages = {46--53}, doi = doi =
{http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/{http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1230819.1230838},1230819.1230838},
publisher = {ACM},publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA},address = {New York, NY, USA}, }}
@article lets BibTeX know that the @article lets BibTeX know that the bibliographical entry is an article.bibliographical entry is an article.Other Types:Other Types:
bookbook phdthesisphdthesis unpublishedunpublished miscmisc and othersand others
Hemmendinger07 identifies the entry – Hemmendinger07 identifies the entry – used when citing it in a LaTeX used when citing it in a LaTeX document. document.
Using BibTeX in a LaTeX DocUsing BibTeX in a LaTeX Doc
1.1. Set the bibliography style.Set the bibliography style. The standard is plain: \bibliographystyle{plain}The standard is plain: \bibliographystyle{plain} Location: after \begin{document} Location: after \begin{document} Other Styles:Other Styles:
unsrt –same as plain except entries are numbered based on when they are unsrt –same as plain except entries are numbered based on when they are cited, not alphabetically by author. cited, not alphabetically by author. alpha – Similar to plain except instead of having numerical identifiers (e.g. alpha – Similar to plain except instead of having numerical identifiers (e.g. [1]), labels are created based on the year of publication and the name of the [1]), labels are created based on the year of publication and the name of the author(s). author(s). abbrv – Names and journal titles are abbreviated. abbrv – Names and journal titles are abbreviated.
2.2. Make citations.Make citations.To cite, insert \cite{To cite, insert \cite{identident}}
identident is the identifier (i.e. is the identifier (i.e. Hemmendinger07)Hemmendinger07)..3.3. Tell LaTeX to make the bibilography near the end of the document.Tell LaTeX to make the bibilography near the end of the document.
\bibliography{\bibliography{bibfilebibfile}} bibfilebibfile is your bibliography file bibfile.bib (without the .bib) is your bibliography file bibfile.bib (without the .bib)
Producing a Document with BibTeXProducing a Document with BibTeX
latex documentlatex document
bibtex documentbibtex document
latex documentlatex document
latex documentlatex document
Produces an .aux file that Produces an .aux file that lists all citations made lists all citations made within the documentwithin the document
Looks up .aux file for Looks up .aux file for citations, and generates a citations, and generates a .bbl according to style.bbl according to style
Allows latex to look up Allows latex to look up the .bbl file.the .bbl file.
Final run needed to Final run needed to resolve forward resolve forward references.references.
Basic Processing ArchitectureBasic Processing Architecture
Other Useful SoftwareOther Useful Software
WinEdtWinEdt
JabRefJabRef
WinEdtWinEdt
““A powerful and versatile ASCII editor and A powerful and versatile ASCII editor and shell for MS Windows with a strong shell for MS Windows with a strong predisposition towards the creation of predisposition towards the creation of [La]TeX documents.”[La]TeX documents.”
Eclipse is to Java as WinEdt is to LaTeXEclipse is to Java as WinEdt is to LaTeX
http://www.winedt.com/
WinEdt ScreenWinEdt Screen
JabRefJabRef
JabRef is an open source bibliography reference manager (FREE).JabRef is an open source bibliography reference manager (FREE).The native file format: BibTeXThe native file format: BibTeXRuns on the Java VM (version 1.5 or newer)Runs on the Java VM (version 1.5 or newer)FeaturesFeatures
Advanced BibTeX editor: Detailed editing of BibTeX entries.Advanced BibTeX editor: Detailed editing of BibTeX entries. Search functions: Search a pattern in the whole bibliography.Search functions: Search a pattern in the whole bibliography. Classification of entries - You can group entries explicitly, by keywords Classification of entries - You can group entries explicitly, by keywords
or any other fields.or any other fields. Import of various formatsImport of various formats Built-in and custom export formats (i.e. HTML, Docbook, BibTeXML, Built-in and custom export formats (i.e. HTML, Docbook, BibTeXML,
etc)etc) Customization of BibTeX fieldsCustomization of BibTeX fields Customizable InterfaceCustomizable Interface Integrates to your environment – Launch PDF/PS viewers, web Integrates to your environment – Launch PDF/PS viewers, web
browser, etc.browser, etc. Automatic Key generationAutomatic Key generation Search Medline, Citeseer, IEEEXplore and arXivSearch Medline, Citeseer, IEEEXplore and arXiv
http://jabref.sourceforge.net/
JabRef ScreenJabRef Screen