Test ReviewPre-Civil War, Civil War, Reconstruction

Sectionalism

A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a wholeThe north was more industrious, the South had plantations, and the West was mostly small farms.

Economics in the North, South, and West

North made money by manufacturing goodsSouth depended on large plantations and the exportation of cottonThe West was farming

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel (Southern border of Missouri)were free states and all South were slave states.-tried to solve the issue of slave states vs. free states

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1. slavery in new Kansas and Nebraska territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty

2. undid the Missouri Compromise

3. reopened the issue of slavery in the territories

4. north outraged

Popular Sovereignty

1. A government in which the people rule by their own consent (directly vote)

2. People directly voted to whether or not there was going to be slavery in the states they resided

Dred Scott v. Sanford

The case that ruled that slaves were property and couldnot sue because they were not citizens. This outraged

abolitionists.

Reasons for secession and cause of immediatesecession

Sectionalism, fight over slave/free states, nullification crisis in South Carolina, fight over tariffs,

Immediate cause- election of Abraham Lincoln

North and South Advantages during War

North- more railroads, factories to make goods, more people

South- knew the area better where they were fighting, excellent generals (Robert E. Lee)

North and South Plans during War

North- Anaconda Plan-take over the southern ports, keep them from being able to receive supplies and goods

South- fight a defensive war and wait for the North to get tired

Lincoln’s primary goal during the Civil War

Preserve the Union!

Political and Economic changes as result of war

Political-federal government’s power was strengthened over the states, secession no longer allowed by states

Economic- south was economically devastated, northern economy stimulated

Lincoln’s Plan

10% of voters from the last election had to pledge to support the union. Pardon all Confederates except high-ranking officials and those who were cruel to POW's

Johnson’s Plan

Reconstruction plan that was the 10% plan plus pardons for Confederate officers. It punished plantation owners and forced states to abolish slavery.

Johnson’s Plan

Reconstruction plan that was the 10% plan plus pardons for Confederate officers. It punished plantation owners and forced states to abolish slavery.

Radical Republican’s Plan

1) Southern States had to approve the 13 Amendment 2) Southern states had to apologize for seceding from the union. 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. 4) States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment5) enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act-South divided into 5 sections

Andrew Johnson

impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act (fired Andrew Stanton)

Was not convicted by one vote

Who did North and South vote for? Which

party is in control during Reconstruction?South votes for DemocratsNorth votes for Republicans.

Radical Republicans are in control during Reconstruction.

KKK

Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. The Southern establishment took charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited power. They masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people.

13th , 14th ,15th

amendments

13th- abolishes slavery

14th- all blacks are citizens and have equal protection under the law

15th- all black have the right to vote

Conditions for slavery in north compared to south

North- more house servants

South-more farm hands and many more of them, conditions were much harder and slave owners often used violence to control them

Jim Crowe Laws

passed in the south after reconstruction enforcing the segregation of blacks and whites

Black Codes

Laws that restricted freedmen’s rights.The black codes established virtual slavery with

provisions such as these: Curfews, Labor Contracts, Limits on women's rights, and land restrictions.

Sharecropping and tenant farming

people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop

Booker T. Washington

Believed racism would end if blacks could prove themselves worthy in the workforce

Wanted to open vocational schools to teach newly freed slaves a trade

W.E.B. DuBois

1st African American to graduate from Harvard College

Believed blacks should go to college to become an educated leader

Freemen’s Bureau

created at end of Civil War that aided southerners (mainly former slaves) with education, finding food, shelter and employment

Rutherford B. Hayes and the end of Reconstruction

Compromise of 1877- president Hayes promised to:1. withdraw federal troops from the South2. name a southerner to his Cabinet 3. support Federal spending on improving the South

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that ruled “separate but equal” facilities were legal and constitutional

Poll taxes, Literacy tests, Grandfather clause

All used to keep African Americans from voting

Poll taxes- charged a tax at the polls to voteLiteracy tests-had to read a test in order to voteGrandfather Clause- if their father or grandfather

previously voted, then they could vote