Terminal Building

Introduction Terminal Building Passenger's Facilities Baggage Handling ATC

1 Incheon International Airport 2 Hong Kong International Airport3 Singapore Changi4 Zurich, Switzerland5 Munich, German6 Kansai, Japan7 Kuala Lumpur8 Amsterdam9 Centrair Nagoya , Japan10 Auckland, New Zealand

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1. Hartsfield, Atlanta2. O'Hare, Chicago3. Heathrow, London4. Tokyo, Japan5. Los Angeles, USA6. Dallas Forth/Worth7. Charles De Gaulle, Paris 8. Frankfurt, German9. Amsterdam, Schipol10. Las Vegas, USA

Airspace : Area for aircraft maneuver (after takeoff, before landing)

Airfield = Aerodromes : Area for aircraft take-off & landing (equipped with required installations & equipments, NavAids, Lighting)

Landside : Area to accommodate the ground-based vehicles, passengers & cargo movements.

Airport Ground Access Plans: Area to accommodate ground based vehicles to and from the near city area & between the various buildings around the airport.

AIRSIDE

2. Airfield

1. Airspace

3. Landside

4.

Equipment for preparing an aircraft for its next flight; this includes cleaning, performing checks, refueling and boarding

Tow tractor Very heavy vehicle that pushes an aircraft onto the

parking area.

Tow bar Device that connects the tow tractor to the aircraft’s

front landing gear.

Air start unit Vehicle to pump air into aircraft’s jet engines in order

to start the engine(equipped with an air compressor driven by a gas turbine)

Jet refueler Truck that pumps fuel from underground tanks into the

aircraft’s tanks.

Terminal A building to facilitate the passengers & baggage movements from the

landside to the aircraft on airside.

Concourse Open space or hall in passenger terminal, used for circulation or waiting.

Denver International Airport, Concourse B

To provide various facilities for crews & passengers move from aircraft or onto aircraft efficiently.

Examples: Transportation change (ex: from train to plane,

from car to plane). Ticketing process Customs clearance & immigration control Shopping, toilets, eating, meeting, business &

conference

Pier/Finger Satellite Semicircular Transporter Hybrid

Advantages: Centralized Facilities

Example :Amsterdam & Kansai

Disadvantages: Congestion in the

terminal at peak times. Long walking distance

from terminal to gate.

Kansai International Airport

Offer high aircraft capacity and simplicity of design. But, long distance from the check-in counter to the gate. Need high speed escalators, monorails or electric-

powered carts to reduce walking distances.

KLIA Airport

Passengers are transported to and from the building to the parked airplane.

Tampa Airport

Advantages: Short distance Low cost construction

Incheon Airport

Clear Signage

Convenience and comfort

Short walking Distances

Good airport shopping & eating facilities

Short Queues

What passengers expect from the terminal ? Easy Access from road or rail Efficient Baggage Delivery Full range of services Convenient parking, ground transportation Clean building Simple procedures that are not confusing Safe & Secure Environment

Flow chart of an EMBARKING passenger

Public Parking Facility- for airline passengers•Near terminal building.

Off-Airport Parking- for airline passengers•Far away from terminal building, with lower

charges. Separate Parking-for airport employee

•Far away from terminal area, airport workers using bus go to the terminal.

Car Rental Parking-for taxi or airport limousine•close to the terminal building.

Functions : Moving passengers baggage From the check in area to the departure area From one gate to another during transfers From the arrival gate to the baggage-claim

area.

Faster Safe

Tug & Cart • Labor intensive • Manual Method

Telecars• Multiple baggage pieces in one cart• Not automatically sorted• Typically used in automated systems

DCV – Destination Coded Vehicles• Each cart contains a single piece of baggage• Automatically sorted• Little or no human interaction required

DCVs = Destination-coded vehicles Conveyors- Like a local ‘roads’ Automatic Scanner=scan the labels on the

baggage Baggage-Like a Passenger

Check-in: Agents put tag on baggage• Bag’s owner, Flight number, Final destination, Intermediate

connections and airlines

Automated bar code scanner• After reading the bar-code, the system will know where that

bag is at all times.• Hundred of computers keep tack of the bag.

Conveyors• Hundreds of conveyors with junctions connecting all of them• Sort all of the bags from all of the different airlines and send

them to DCVs that are headed to the proper terminal and gate

DCVs –Destination Coded Vehicles• Headed to proper destination• Move bag quickly (5 times faster than conveyors)• Tracked by computers

To maintain safe and efficient SEPARATION between airplanes

Safety: To avoid mid-air collisions

Efficiency: To increase capacity and avoid flight delay.

ATC providing safe operating conditions for aircraft and passengers

Control the airport operating services and the airspace within a 5 to 10 km radius of the airport

Deal with airport operations staff for the airport surfaces and equipment maintenance (snow removal, ice control, airport lighting, etc)

Deal with airport emergency plans (aircraft crash, bomb threat, hi-jacking, etc.)

VFR (Visual Flight Rules)

• Separation maintained by pilot (“see and

avoid”)

IFR (Instrument Flight Rules)

• Separation maintained by controller

En-route control : to control flight in air routes.

Approach control: to control flight associated with arrivals and departure.

Aerodrome control: to control aircraft during arrival(landing), departure(take-off) and surface movement of an aircraft (taxiway).

2. ARTCC: Air Route Traffic Control Centers

3. ATCT:Air Traffic

Control Towers

4. FSS: Flight Service Stations

1. ATCSCC: Air Traffic Control System Command Center

TRACON:

Control Tower

ATCSCC: oversees all air traffic control

Herndon, Virginia

Radar Display Systems

KLIA Main Control Tower

KLIA Apron Control Tower

Weather observations Pilot weather briefings Filing IFR/VFR flight plans Distributing NOTAMs Broadcasting weather information Spread ATC clearances Emergency assistance

Radar = Radio Detection and Ranging• Provides aircraft info: air speed, direction and

altitude of aircraft to assist air traffic controllers to track the position of aircraft in the coverage area.

TRACON= Terminal Radar Approach Control TAR= Terminal Approach Control

KLIA TAR:Terminal

Approach Radar

Providing information to pilots Weather & Navigation information NOTAMs: Notice to Airmens Responsible for Controlled Airspace ATC issue instructions that pilots are required to

follow

Surface Movement Radar Display

ATC Equipment

Preflight: clearance push

back, start engine taxi

Take-Off: tower give clearance

Departure: radarMonitor departure

En-Route: Air route control

center

Descent: Clearance for

descent

Approach: radarMonitor arrival Landing: tower

give landing clearance

The pilot receives the most recent weather information and a flight plan.

Before take-off, the pilot performs the flight check routine, pushes back the aircraft from the terminal's gate, and taxis out to the designated takeoff runway.

The required background information includes:•Type of Flight: VFR or IFR •Aircraft Identification or Pilot's Name •Aircraft Type •Departure Point •Estimated Time of Departure •Altitude •Route-of-Flight •Destination •Estimated Time En Route

The pilot receives permission from Local Control (the Tower) to takeoff.

The aircraft powers up and begins its take-off.

Upon lift off, the pilot is instructed to change radio frequencies to receive new flight instructions from Departure Control in the TRACON.

The pilot is instructed to follow a pre-determined, preferred routing that will take the aircraft up and away from the departure airport onto its route.

The pilot is then issued further altitude and routing clearance. The controller monitors the aircraft and its track (flight path) on the radar display.

As the aircraft reaches the edge of the TRACON airspace, the Departure Controller performs an electronic transfer of the flight to the controller in the next airspace.

The pilot receives instructions as to what altitude and heading to maintain, as well as to which radio frequency to tune.

This portion of the flight can be as short as a few minutes or as long as many hours.

As the aircraft nears its destination airport, the pilot is instructed to change radio frequencies and contact Descent Control for instructions.

The pilot is instructed to descend and change heading.

After receiving these instructions, the aircraft descends and maneuvers to the destination airport.

The pilot has received an approach clearance to the destination airport from the Approach Controller working in the TRACON.

The flight has been placed in line with other aircraft preparing to land at the same airport.

The pilot flies a specified flight procedure in order to get in line for the designated landing runway.

The pilot receives instructions from the Approach Controller to change radio frequency and contact Local Control (in the airport's control tower) for landing clearance.

The aircraft is electronically handed off from TRACON to the Tower.

The pilot receives clearance from the Local Controller in the airport's control tower to land on a designated runway.

Upon touching down, the flight is then handed off to Ground Control.

The Ground Controller directs the pilot across the taxiways to its destination gate at the terminal.