Post on 19-Nov-2021
‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
Teppei Kitahara Nagoya University
Strings and Fields 2021
August 26, 2021, online talk
A N O M A L Y
Two types of ‘Anomaly’ in high-energy physics
1. Quantum anomalyMeasure in the path integral is changed by quantum corrections
Two types of ‘Anomaly’ in high-energy physics
1. Quantum anomaly
2. Experimental anomaly (this talk)
Measure in the path integral is changed by quantum corrections
Measurement is inconsistent with a theory prediction
Famous experimental anomaly 1
[Nobel Lecture, 2015, Kajita]
“Atmospheric neutrino anomaly”
From slide of Kajita [Super-Kamiokande collaboration], 1998
Neutrino oscillation and Neutrino mass.
= significant direction-dependence of neutrinoμ
Famous experimental anomaly 2
[Cronin, Fitch et al, ’64, PRL]
~5σ peak in the last bin … what?
Famous experimental anomaly 2
~5σ peak in the last bin
“Discovery of ”K0L → π+π−
immediately leads to “discovery of CP violation”
BUT, inconsistent with Weinberg-Salam theory
Third generation
Kobayashi and Maskawa predicted charm, bottom and top quarks in 1973 before their discoveries
Thus, ‘anomaly’ has provided us great breakthroughs![Cronin, Fitch et al, ’64, PRL]
An interesting side story (source: Prof. Hagiwara)
Why does this contradiction happen?
Even after the exp. paper was published, many theoretical researchers (except for Kobayashi and Maskawa) did not believe the experimental results, but believed CP-conserving theory.
~5σ peak in the last bin
I would think this peak is fake/underestimate of uncertainty/ etc…
Serious contradiction! Theorists want to investigate new physics, but at the same time want to maintain “SM”
( I’m surprised to hear this)
predicted value
Statistical fluctuation
Let us consider 1,000,000 different experiments2,700 experiments will provide 3σ deviation
1 experiment will provide 5σ deviation
3σ deviation 5σ
Anomaly MUST exit in data, when the number of experiments is huge.
(assuming Gaussian distribution)
exp. result→
Keep in mind:
How to distinguish ‘real anomaly’ from ‘fake anomaly’?
Would-be better strategy is: 1, cross-checked by the second experiment
2, hidden theoretical correlation between several anomalies
A counter-example!
“750 GeV anomaly” had been observed by two different experiments. But, very unfortunately, both were just fluctuations, and disappeared.
[ATLAS-CONF-2015-081] [CMS-PAS-EXO-15-004]
muon g-2 anomaly
The experimental ring at Fermilab
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
13
Definition: Magnetic Dipole Moment (g-2)
Details definitions
L = � eQ`
8m`g` ¯�µ⌫`F
µ⌫
<latexit sha1_base64="BNqAM2rEIBk/CIcTTTBWtx7mnMU=">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</latexit>
= � eQ`
4m`
¯�µ⌫`Fµ⌫ � eQ`
4m`a` ¯�µ⌫`F
µ⌫ = � eQ`
8m`(2 + 2a`)¯�µ⌫`F
µ⌫
<latexit sha1_base64="kSllucQjB6KMkHXU3W1ut44JosM=">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</latexit>
= � eQ`
2m`g` ¯(S
µBµ)`<latexit sha1_base64="JLz3D78PF8nWgdWZxCKg7G89EaU=">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</latexit>
Sµ =1
2m`✏µ⌫⇢�p
⌫`J
⇢�
<latexit sha1_base64="ze2xHbTmlaVluV9Any6UdNkFmVc=">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</latexit>
J⇢� =i
4[�⇢, ��]
<latexit sha1_base64="OCoFK+IwEdVCnjwHE9iw0GUSyTg=">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</latexit>
Bµ = � 1
2m`✏µ⌫⇢�p
⌫`F
⇢�
<latexit sha1_base64="llp7wJBAdn0ofBFxponIQTOTWWE=">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</latexit>
magnetic field four-vector:
spin operator:
H = �eQ`
2m`g`~S · ~B = �~µ` ·
~B<latexit sha1_base64="16Gp8+iGwzg1Y3lKqeSQfdmGEUk=">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</latexit>
~µ` = g`eQ`
2m`
~S<latexit sha1_base64="GtOvn0iV0QxySjNmDEYTI3e2i+Y=">AAACfHicjVFNT9tAEF0bSiFQGuDIoSsCElVLZJsQlwNS1F44gkoAKbai9WYcVuza1u46UrTyr+Cf9cZP4YLYhJTPHjrSSk/vzZuZnUkKzpT2vFvHnZv/sPBxcam2vPJp9XN9bf1c5aWk0KU5z+VlQhRwlkFXM83hspBARMLhIrn+NdEvRiAVy7MzPS4gFmSYsZRRoi3Vr9+YaFqkJ4dJbLymFwbttv/da7b8cP8wsCBsee2DsIpGQE0kyqpvIuC8qvDR/1rx8MkTpZJQA/j0L2MCLJ7VSY/fVb/esNWmgd8DfwYaaBYn/fqfaJDTUkCmKSdK9Xyv0LEhUjPKoapFpYKC0GsyhJ6FGRGgYjMdvsI7lhngNJf2ZRpP2ZcOQ4RSY5HYTEH0lXqrTch/ab1Spz9iw7Ki1JDRx0ZpybHO8eQSeMAkUM3HFhAqmZ0V0yti96PtvWp2Cf7bL78H50HT328Gp61G5+dsHYtoE22hXeSjEHXQMTpBXUTRnfPF2XW+OvfutvvN3XtMdZ2ZZwO9Crf9AC9Au4Q=</latexit>
spin magnetic moment:
L = ¯(iD �m`)`<latexit sha1_base64="jd9z6hHuBUqB/1AVkQ+dW4SSi0A=">AAACFHicbVBNS8MwGE7n15xfVY9egkOYiKOdgl6EoR48eJjgPmAtJc2yLSxpS5IKo/RHePGvePGgiFcP3vw3plsPuvlCwpPneV/ePI8fMSqVZX0bhYXFpeWV4mppbX1jc8vc3mnJMBaYNHHIQtHxkSSMBqSpqGKkEwmCuM9I2x9dZXr7gQhJw+BejSPicjQIaJ9ipDTlmUcOR2qIEUtuU3gBHR+JxCGMpbBC4TU8htzLnofZ5Zllq2pNCs4DOwdlkFfDM7+cXohjTgKFGZKya1uRchMkFMWMpCUnliRCeIQGpKthgDiRbjIxlcIDzfRgPxT6BApO2N8TCeJSjrmvOzMLclbLyP+0bqz6525CgyhWJMDTRf2YQRXCLCHYo4JgxcYaICyo/ivEQyQQVjrHkg7BnrU8D1q1qn1Srd2dluuXeRxFsAf2QQXY4AzUwQ1ogCbA4BE8g1fwZjwZL8a78TFtLRj5zC74U8bnD2AFnR8=</latexit> —Dirac equation:
Equation of motion
tree level “F1(0)” radiative corrections “F2(0)” a` =g` � 2
2<latexit sha1_base64="nyKUAXuoN0wtYuY4Rnd5KnpMqY0=">AAACM3icdVDLSgMxFM34tr6qLt0Ei+BCh8xYO3YhiG7EVQWrQmcomTTTBjMPkoxQwvyTG3/EhSAuFHHrP5g+BBU9cOFwzn1xwowzqRB6siYmp6ZnZufmSwuLS8sr5dW1S5nmgtAmSXkqrkMsKWcJbSqmOL3OBMVxyOlVeHMy8K9uqZAsTS5UP6NBjLsJixjBykjt8pn2h0taohsGGtnIc2s1ZwfZVcfbq7uGeFVU2/cK3NY+5byAh9CPBCYadr+UXbfQblG0yxXHRkNAZNcNvOqY1B34ZVXAGI12+cHvpCSPaaIIx1K2HJSpQGOhGOG0KPm5pBkmN7hLW4YmOKYy0MN3C7hllA6MUmEqUXCofp/QOJayH4emM8aqJ397A/Evr5Wr6CDQLMlyRRMyOhTlHKoUDgKEHSYoUbxvCCaCmV8h6WGTiDIxl76H8D+5dG1nz3bPq5Wj43Ecc2ADbIJt4AAPHIFT0ABNQMAdeAQv4NW6t56tN+t91DphjWfWwQ9YH59x3adM</latexit>
g` = 2 + 2a`<latexit sha1_base64="eEaXSxtNnrGFnos/voJiSqr9pWg=">AAACVHicjVHPS8MwGE07p3PqnHr0EhyCoIy2m6sehKEXjxPcD2jLSLNsC0t/kKTCKP0j9SD4l3jxYLb1oJsHP/jg8d73ki8vfsyokIbxoemFreL2Tmm3vLd/UDmsHh33RJRwTLo4YhEf+EgQRkPSlVQyMog5QYHPSN+fPSz0/gvhgkbhs5zHxAvQJKRjipFU1LA6S93lIQ6f+F5q1A3barXMK6PeNO3GraWA3TRa13Y2GaYuYSyD2R204KXq/zpR7syG1ZoaWxbcBGYOaiCvzrD65o4inAQklJghIRzTiKWXIi4pZiQru4kgMcIzNCGOgiEKiPDS5VYZPFfMCI4jrjqUcMn+dKQoEGIe+GoyQHIq1rUF+ZfmJHJ846U0jBNJQry6aJwwKCO4SBiOKCdYsrkCCHOqdoV4ijjCUv1DWYVgrj95E/SsutmoW0/NWvs+j6METsEZuAAmsEEbPIIO6AIMXsGnBjRNe9e+9IJeXI3qWu45Ab9Kr3wDGpaq8A==</latexit>
13
L<latexit sha1_base64="0FuUZC1fgPBPPn08GNjeeK0R8oQ=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgMxFL1TX7W+qi7dBIvgqsxUQZdFNy5cVLAPmA4lk2ba0EwyJBmhDP0MNy4UcevXuPNvzLSz0NYDgcM595JzT5hwpo3rfjultfWNza3ydmVnd2//oHp41NEyVYS2ieRS9UKsKWeCtg0znPYSRXEcctoNJ7e5332iSjMpHs00oUGMR4JFjGBjJb8fYzMmmGf3s0G15tbdOdAq8QpSgwKtQfWrP5QkjakwhGOtfc9NTJBhZRjhdFbpp5ommEzwiPqWChxTHWTzyDN0ZpUhiqSyTxg0V39vZDjWehqHdjKPqJe9XPzP81MTXQcZE0lqqCCLj6KUIyNRfj8aMkWJ4VNLMFHMZkVkjBUmxrZUsSV4yyevkk6j7l3UGw+XteZNUUcZTuAUzsGDK2jCHbSgDQQkPMMrvDnGeXHenY/FaMkpdo7hD5zPH4JTkWY=</latexit>
g-2 :
spin-magnetic interaction
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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Muon g-2
Theory (four g-2 contributions)
QED EW Hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP)
Hadronic light-by-light (HLbL)
4-loop analytic 2-loop analyticPhenomenological
Lattice
Pheno.
Lattice
Exp.
BNL ’97-‘01
FNAL ongoing
J-PARC near future
Problematic
5-loop numeric
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
15
175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215
Exp dataBNL g-2
FNAL g-2
Averagetheory (SM)
White Paper
HVP by BMW4.2σ
1.5σ
(2021)
(2006)
The latest lattice result for HVP significantly reduces tension [BMW, Nature '21]
The previous data is checked
Problematic
This leads to other tensions
New physics models
https://publicdomainq.net/
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
17
Naive NP energy scale
QED EW Hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP)
Hadronic light-by-light (HLbL)
+
NP
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Muon g-2 anomaly implies that NP mass scale is around the electroweak scale.
�aµ ⌘ aBNL+FNALµ � aSMµ = (25.1± 5.9)⇥ 10�10 (4.2�)
<latexit sha1_base64="PSmoVQFaXJicsETdA4P48Au7YxE=">AAACjXicbVFbb9MwFHbCbZTLCjzyYlEhdYJFdtaOBgEaAwEPYxqCbpPqrHJct7NmJ8F2JlWR+TX8It74NzhdJ8HKkWx95zvf0bllpRTGIvQ7CK9dv3Hz1trt1p279+6vtx88PDRFpRkfskIW+jijhkuR86EVVvLjUnOqMsmPsrN3TfzonGsjivybnZc8VXSWi6lg1Hpq3P5J3nNpKaTjmqjKQcK/V+L80j3xP7WnWtW7+3vu2aXzYf/tnnObK6Kvn517XZNFVyM9y9IaRclgG/Xi5yhCaBCjbQ/6CCc4cd24H2FISgX7UbIBiRWKG4jRSb2JkXM/ur0oJkbMFN0YtztNfmNwFeAl6IClHYzbv8ikYJXiuWWSGjPCqLRpTbUVTHLXIpXhJWVndMZHHubUl07rRd8OPvXMBE4L7V9u4YL9O6Omypi5yryymdtcjTXk/2Kjyk4HaS3ysrI8ZxeFppWEtoDNaeBEaM6snHtAmRa+V8hOqabM+gO2/BLw1ZFXwWEc4a0o/tLr7Owu17EGHoMnoAsweAF2wCdwAIaABa0ABUnwMlwP++Gr8M2FNAyWOY/APxZ+/AOLVMEY</latexit>
=m2
µ
16⇡2
g2NP
M2NP
<latexit sha1_base64="YWMelTBmL5O87W16WBqS2vUDl+c=">AAACJnicbZBNS8MwGMfT+TbnW9Wjl+AQPI12inoZDL14USa4F1jrSLN0C0vakqTCKP00XvwqXjxMRLz5Ucy6HubmA4Ff/v/nIXn+XsSoVJb1bRRWVtfWN4qbpa3tnd09c/+gJcNYYNLEIQtFx0OSMBqQpqKKkU4kCOIeI21vdDP1289ESBoGj2ocEZejQUB9ipHSUs+s1aDjC4QT3kscHqdP1TSxL6ATUU0zZ6AdweF9IzPv5m89s2xVrKzgMtg5lEFejZ45cfohjjkJFGZIyq5tRcpNkFAUM5KWnFiSCOERGpCuxgBxIt0kWzOFJ1rpQz8U+gQKZur8RIK4lGPu6U6O1FAuelPxP68bK//KTWgQxYoEePaQHzOoQjjNDPapIFixsQaEBdV/hXiIdDZKJ1vSIdiLKy9Dq1qxzyrVh/Ny/TqPowiOwDE4BTa4BHVwCxqgCTB4AW9gAj6MV+Pd+DS+Zq0FI585BH/K+PkFIAqlkA==</latexit> MNP ⇠ gNP ⇥ 150GeV<latexit sha1_base64="jtKQFKSzsn0yZvnqq93bKb8q+eo=">AAACGXicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAgupCRV0WXRhW6UCvYBTQiT6aQdOpOEmYlQQn7Djb/ixoUiLnXl3zhNs6itBwbOPede7tzjx4xKZVk/xsLi0vLKammtvL6xubVt7uy2ZJQITJo4YpHo+EgSRkPSVFQx0okFQdxnpO0Pr8Z++5EISaPwQY1i4nLUD2lAMVJa8kzr1ksdweFdI4OOpBz2p2pFOZHQPrOc41y8Jq3MMytW1coB54ldkAoo0PDML6cX4YSTUGGGpOzaVqzcFAlFMSNZ2UkkiREeoj7pahoivdNN88syeKiVHgwioV+oYK5OT6SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6iQou3JSGcaJIiCeLgoRBFcFxTLBHBcGKjTRBWFD9V4gHSCCsdJhlHYI9e/I8adWq9km1dn9aqV8WcZTAPjgAR8AG56AObkADNAEGT+AFvIF349l4NT6Mz0nrglHM7IE/ML5/AeX1nvk=</latexit>
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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Naive NP energy scale
NP scale is determined by size of the NP couplings to muon
Large by certain mechanisms (e.g., chiral enhancement)
→ TeV scale NP models
Small (e.g., )
→ MeV scale NP models
MNP gNP
gNP
gNP g ∼ 10−3
MNP ⇠ gNP ⇥ 150GeV<latexit sha1_base64="jtKQFKSzsn0yZvnqq93bKb8q+eo=">AAACGXicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAgupCRV0WXRhW6UCvYBTQiT6aQdOpOEmYlQQn7Djb/ixoUiLnXl3zhNs6itBwbOPede7tzjx4xKZVk/xsLi0vLKammtvL6xubVt7uy2ZJQITJo4YpHo+EgSRkPSVFQx0okFQdxnpO0Pr8Z++5EISaPwQY1i4nLUD2lAMVJa8kzr1ksdweFdI4OOpBz2p2pFOZHQPrOc41y8Jq3MMytW1coB54ldkAoo0PDML6cX4YSTUGGGpOzaVqzcFAlFMSNZ2UkkiREeoj7pahoivdNN88syeKiVHgwioV+oYK5OT6SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6iQou3JSGcaJIiCeLgoRBFcFxTLBHBcGKjTRBWFD9V4gHSCCsdJhlHYI9e/I8adWq9km1dn9aqV8WcZTAPjgAR8AG56AObkADNAEGT+AFvIF349l4NT6Mz0nrglHM7IE/ML5/AeX1nvk=</latexit>
muon g-2 anomaly
18
Point: MeV scale NP search is difficult at the LHC aaaaaabecause of so much QCD background noise
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
19
New physics interpretations
NP type diagrams mass range probe
Supersymmtery 200~500 GeV
Leptoquark 1.5~2.1 TeV
Vector-like lepton 100 GeV~1 TeV
Scalar extensions10~100 GeV (A),
150~300 GeV (H)
Axion-like particle 40 MeV~200 GeV
U(1) Lμ-Lτ 10~200 MeV
[Refs: Athron et al, 2104.03691; Buen-Abad et al, 2104.03267; Krnjaic et al, 1902.07715; Dermisek et al, 2103.05645]
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Z ! ⌧+⌧�<latexit sha1_base64="EkAXHWv5zTyU76BLnh0m+zkz6/Q=">AAAB/HicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr2qWbwSIIYkmqoMuiG5cV7APbWCbTSTt0MgkzEyGE+ituXCji1g9x5984bbPQ1gOXOZxzL3Pv8WPOlHacb2tpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7Ztff2mypKJKENEvFItn2sKGeCNjTTnLZjSXHoc9ryR9cTv/VIpWKRuNNpTL0QDwQLGMHaSD27dI+6OjKFk4eT2XPas8tOxZkCLRI3J2XIUe/ZX91+RJKQCk04VqrjOrH2Miw1I5yOi91E0RiTER7QjqECh1R52XT5MToySh8FkTQlNJqqvycyHCqVhr7pDLEeqnlvIv7ndRIdXHoZE3GiqSCzj4KEI3PuJAnUZ5ISzVNDMJHM7IrIEEtMtMmraEJw509eJM1qxT2rVG/Py7WrPI4CHMAhHIMLF1CDG6hDAwik8Ayv8GY9WS/Wu/Uxa12y8pkS/IH1+QMbgpPG</latexit>
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K� ! µ�⌫Z 0<latexit sha1_base64="YEhpz92aA8xGW+m3L2QGywHkZxY=">AAACAnicdVDLSgMxFM34rPU16krcBIvopmVSxba7ohvBTQX7wE5bMmnahmYyQ5IRylDc+CtuXCji1q9w59+YaSuo6IHA4Zx7uTnHCzlT2nE+rLn5hcWl5dRKenVtfWPT3tquqSCShFZJwAPZ8LCinAla1Uxz2gglxb7Had0bnid+/ZZKxQJxrUchbfm4L1iPEayN1LF3L9tZ6OoAun7UzroelrErojG8OezYGSfnOA5CCCYEFU4dQ0qlYh4VIUosgwyYodKx391uQCKfCk04VqqJnFC3Yiw1I5yO026kaIjJEPdp01CBfapa8STCGB4YpQt7gTRPaDhRv2/E2Fdq5Htm0sd6oH57ifiX14x0r9iKmQgjTQWZHupFHJrISR+wyyQlmo8MwUQy81dIBlhiok1raVPCV1L4P6nlc+g4l786yZTPZnWkwB7YB0cAgQIogwtQAVVAwB14AE/g2bq3Hq0X63U6OmfNdnbAD1hvn8AZlmY=</latexit>
pp ! HA ! 4⌧<latexit sha1_base64="oBVyllDTjmIzgHjWwYumkfLPwBU=">AAAB/nicbVDLSgMxFL1TX7W+RsWVm2ARXJWZWtBl1U2XFewD2qFk0kwbmskMSUYoQ8FfceNCEbd+hzv/xnQ6C209kORwzr3k3uPHnCntON9WYW19Y3OruF3a2d3bP7APj9oqSiShLRLxSHZ9rChngrY005x2Y0lx6HPa8Sd3c7/zSKVikXjQ05h6IR4JFjCCtZEG9kmMYtTXEWrcZE/N3DgZ2GWn4mRAq8TNSRlyNAf2V38YkSSkQhOOleq5Tqy9FEvNCKezUj9RNMZkgke0Z6jAIVVemo0/Q+dGGaIgkuYIjTL1d0eKQ6WmoW8qQ6zHatmbi/95vUQH117KRJxoKsjioyDhyOw5zwINmaRE86khmEhmZkVkjCUm2iRWMiG4yyuvkna14l5Wqve1cv02j6MIp3AGF+DCFdShAU1oAYEUnuEV3qwn68V6tz4WpQUr7zmGP7A+fwCo+JQC</latexit>
e+e� ! �a ! 3�<latexit sha1_base64="XbQ2qKiNzyOsl92+oEa96AWXGbU=">AAACCnicbVDJSgNBEO2JW4xb1KOX1iAIYphJBD0GvXiMYBbIRk2nkjTpnhm6e4QQcvbir3jxoIhXv8Cbf2NnETTxQcOr96qorudHgmvjul9OYml5ZXUtuZ7a2Nza3knv7pV1GCuGJRaKUFV90Ch4gCXDjcBqpBCkL7Di96/HfuUeleZhcGcGETYkdAPe4QyMlVrpQ2yeYvOM1k1I612QEihMivxP2Upn3Kw7AV0k3oxkyAzFVvqz3g5ZLDEwTIDWNc+NTGMIynAmcJSqxxojYH3oYs3SACTqxnByyogeW6VNO6GyLzB0ov6eGILUeiB92ynB9PS8Nxb/82qx6Vw2hjyIYoMBmy7qxILaU8e50DZXyIwYWAJMcftXynqggBmbXsqG4M2fvEjKuayXz+ZuzzOFq1kcSXJAjsgJ8cgFKZAbUiQlwsgDeSIv5NV5dJ6dN+d92ppwZjP75A+cj2/1sZiH</latexit>
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pp ! LQLQ<latexit sha1_base64="MOKgMRYgiVumwWytpdpq61uuwoM=">AAACC3icbVBLSwMxGMzWV62vVY9egkXwVHaroMeiFw8eWrAP6C4lm2bb0GQTkqxQlt69+Fe8eFDEq3/Am//GtF1BWwcCw3zzJZmJJKPaeN6XU1hZXVvfKG6WtrZ3dvfc/YOWFqnCpIkFE6oTIU0YTUjTUMNIRyqCeMRIOxpdT+fte6I0FcmdGUsScjRIaEwxMlbquccSShgYAbNAcXjbmATC2qe3/Qiw55a9ijcDXCZ+TsogR73nfgZ9gVNOEoMZ0rrre9KEGVKGYkYmpSDVRCI8QgPStTRBnOgwm2WZwBOr9GEslD2JgTP190aGuNZjHlknR2aoF2dT8b9ZNzXxZZjRRKaGJHj+UJwyaLNPi4F9qgg2bGwJworav0I8RAphY+sr2RL8xcjLpFWt+GeVauO8XLvK6yiCI3AMToEPLkAN3IA6aAIMHsATeAGvzqPz7Lw573Nrwcl3DsEfOB/fydyaQg==</latexit>
Z ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="0AWDzWrG1tWkr9I2h15W7BPI8jE=">AAAB+nicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqS7dBIsgiGWmCrosunFZwT6wM5ZMmmlDk8yQZJQy9lPcuFDErV/izr8xnc5CWw8kHM65l3vvCWJGlXacb6uwtLyyulZcL21sbm3v2OXdlooSiUkTRyySnQApwqggTU01I51YEsQDRtrB6Grqtx+IVDQSt3ocE5+jgaAhxUgbqWeX76CnI+jx5P44+096dsWpOhngInFzUgE5Gj37y+tHOOFEaMyQUl3XibWfIqkpZmRS8hJFYoRHaEC6hgrEifLTbPUJPDRKH4aRNE9omKm/O1LElRrzwFRypIdq3puK/3ndRIcXfkpFnGgi8GxQmDBojp3mAPtUEqzZ2BCEJTW7QjxEEmFt0iqZENz5kxdJq1Z1T6u1m7NK/TKPowj2wQE4Ai44B3VwDRqgCTB4BM/gFbxZT9aL9W59zEoLVt6zB/7A+vwBiVuS4g==</latexit>
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
20
New physics interpretations
NP type diagrams mass range probe
Supersymmtery 200~500 GeV
Leptoquark 1.5~2.1 TeV
Vector-like lepton 100 GeV~1 TeV
Scalar extensions10~100 GeV (A),
150~300 GeV (H)
Axion-like particle 40 MeV~200 GeV
U(1) Lμ-Lτ 10~200 MeV
[Refs: Athron et al, 2104.03691; Buen-Abad et al, 2104.03267; Krnjaic et al, 1902.07715; Dermisek et al, 2103.05645]
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Z ! ⌧+⌧�<latexit sha1_base64="EkAXHWv5zTyU76BLnh0m+zkz6/Q=">AAAB/HicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr2qWbwSIIYkmqoMuiG5cV7APbWCbTSTt0MgkzEyGE+ituXCji1g9x5984bbPQ1gOXOZxzL3Pv8WPOlHacb2tpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7Ztff2mypKJKENEvFItn2sKGeCNjTTnLZjSXHoc9ryR9cTv/VIpWKRuNNpTL0QDwQLGMHaSD27dI+6OjKFk4eT2XPas8tOxZkCLRI3J2XIUe/ZX91+RJKQCk04VqrjOrH2Miw1I5yOi91E0RiTER7QjqECh1R52XT5MToySh8FkTQlNJqqvycyHCqVhr7pDLEeqnlvIv7ndRIdXHoZE3GiqSCzj4KEI3PuJAnUZ5ISzVNDMJHM7IrIEEtMtMmraEJw509eJM1qxT2rVG/Py7WrPI4CHMAhHIMLF1CDG6hDAwik8Ayv8GY9WS/Wu/Uxa12y8pkS/IH1+QMbgpPG</latexit>
e+e� ! µ+µ�Z 0<latexit sha1_base64="RnaxPByPqvNPjDFIaTqoAs2N9K8=">AAACAXicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vUTeCm2ARhdIyUwVdFt24rGAf2JmWTHrbhiYzQ5IRSqkbf8WNC0Xc+hfu/BvTx0JbDyQczrmX5Jwg5kxpx/m2UkvLK6tr6fXMxubW9o69u1dVUSIpVGjEI1kPiALOQqhopjnUYwlEBBxqQf967NceQCoWhXd6EIMvSDdkHUaJNlLLPoBmDkMz7+kIeyJp5sZXHt+ftOysU3AmwIvEnZEsmqHcsr+8dkQTAaGmnCjVcJ1Y+0MiNaMcRhkvURAT2iddaBgaEgHKH04SjPCxUdq4E0lzQo0n6u+NIRFKDURgJgXRPTXvjcX/vEaiO5f+kIVxoiGk04c6Cccm7rgO3GYSqOYDQwiVzPwV0x6RhGpTWsaU4M5HXiTVYsE9KxRvz7Olq1kdaXSIjtApctEFKqEbVEYVRNEjekav6M16sl6sd+tjOpqyZjv76A+szx/JsZUt</latexit>
K� ! µ�⌫Z 0<latexit sha1_base64="YEhpz92aA8xGW+m3L2QGywHkZxY=">AAACAnicdVDLSgMxFM34rPU16krcBIvopmVSxba7ohvBTQX7wE5bMmnahmYyQ5IRylDc+CtuXCji1q9w59+YaSuo6IHA4Zx7uTnHCzlT2nE+rLn5hcWl5dRKenVtfWPT3tquqSCShFZJwAPZ8LCinAla1Uxz2gglxb7Had0bnid+/ZZKxQJxrUchbfm4L1iPEayN1LF3L9tZ6OoAun7UzroelrErojG8OezYGSfnOA5CCCYEFU4dQ0qlYh4VIUosgwyYodKx391uQCKfCk04VqqJnFC3Yiw1I5yO026kaIjJEPdp01CBfapa8STCGB4YpQt7gTRPaDhRv2/E2Fdq5Htm0sd6oH57ifiX14x0r9iKmQgjTQWZHupFHJrISR+wyyQlmo8MwUQy81dIBlhiok1raVPCV1L4P6nlc+g4l786yZTPZnWkwB7YB0cAgQIogwtQAVVAwB14AE/g2bq3Hq0X63U6OmfNdnbAD1hvn8AZlmY=</latexit>
pp ! HA ! 4⌧<latexit sha1_base64="oBVyllDTjmIzgHjWwYumkfLPwBU=">AAAB/nicbVDLSgMxFL1TX7W+RsWVm2ARXJWZWtBl1U2XFewD2qFk0kwbmskMSUYoQ8FfceNCEbd+hzv/xnQ6C209kORwzr3k3uPHnCntON9WYW19Y3OruF3a2d3bP7APj9oqSiShLRLxSHZ9rChngrY005x2Y0lx6HPa8Sd3c7/zSKVikXjQ05h6IR4JFjCCtZEG9kmMYtTXEWrcZE/N3DgZ2GWn4mRAq8TNSRlyNAf2V38YkSSkQhOOleq5Tqy9FEvNCKezUj9RNMZkgke0Z6jAIVVemo0/Q+dGGaIgkuYIjTL1d0eKQ6WmoW8qQ6zHatmbi/95vUQH117KRJxoKsjioyDhyOw5zwINmaRE86khmEhmZkVkjCUm2iRWMiG4yyuvkna14l5Wqve1cv02j6MIp3AGF+DCFdShAU1oAYEUnuEV3qwn68V6tz4WpQUr7zmGP7A+fwCo+JQC</latexit>
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h ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="36ZHZFj+F6PMkO+z/RBEpe6r3oE=">AAAB+nicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr1aWbwSIIYkmqoMuiG5cV7AOaWCbTSTt0JgkzE6XEfoobF4q49Uvc+TdO0y609cAMh3Pu5d57goQzpR3n21paXlldWy9sFDe3tnd27dJeU8WpJLRBYh7LdoAV5SyiDc00p+1EUiwCTlvB8Hritx6oVCyO7vQoob7A/YiFjGBtpK5dGiBPx8gT6f1J/p927bJTcXKgReLOSBlmqHftL68Xk1TQSBOOleq4TqL9DEvNCKfjopcqmmAyxH3aMTTCgio/y1cfoyOj9FAYS/MijXL1d0eGhVIjEZhKgfVAzXsT8T+vk+rw0s9YlKSaRmQ6KEw5MsdOckA9JinRfGQIJpKZXREZYImJNmkVTQju/MmLpFmtuGeV6u15uXY1i6MAB3AIx+DCBdTgBurQAAKP8Ayv8GY9WS/Wu/UxLV2yZj378AfW5w+fc5Lw</latexit>
pp ! LQLQ<latexit sha1_base64="MOKgMRYgiVumwWytpdpq61uuwoM=">AAACC3icbVBLSwMxGMzWV62vVY9egkXwVHaroMeiFw8eWrAP6C4lm2bb0GQTkqxQlt69+Fe8eFDEq3/Am//GtF1BWwcCw3zzJZmJJKPaeN6XU1hZXVvfKG6WtrZ3dvfc/YOWFqnCpIkFE6oTIU0YTUjTUMNIRyqCeMRIOxpdT+fte6I0FcmdGUsScjRIaEwxMlbquccSShgYAbNAcXjbmATC2qe3/Qiw55a9ijcDXCZ+TsogR73nfgZ9gVNOEoMZ0rrre9KEGVKGYkYmpSDVRCI8QgPStTRBnOgwm2WZwBOr9GEslD2JgTP190aGuNZjHlknR2aoF2dT8b9ZNzXxZZjRRKaGJHj+UJwyaLNPi4F9qgg2bGwJworav0I8RAphY+sr2RL8xcjLpFWt+GeVauO8XLvK6yiCI3AMToEPLkAN3IA6aAIMHsATeAGvzqPz7Lw573Nrwcl3DsEfOB/fydyaQg==</latexit>
Z ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="0AWDzWrG1tWkr9I2h15W7BPI8jE=">AAAB+nicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqS7dBIsgiGWmCrosunFZwT6wM5ZMmmlDk8yQZJQy9lPcuFDErV/izr8xnc5CWw8kHM65l3vvCWJGlXacb6uwtLyyulZcL21sbm3v2OXdlooSiUkTRyySnQApwqggTU01I51YEsQDRtrB6Grqtx+IVDQSt3ocE5+jgaAhxUgbqWeX76CnI+jx5P44+096dsWpOhngInFzUgE5Gj37y+tHOOFEaMyQUl3XibWfIqkpZmRS8hJFYoRHaEC6hgrEifLTbPUJPDRKH4aRNE9omKm/O1LElRrzwFRypIdq3puK/3ndRIcXfkpFnGgi8GxQmDBojp3mAPtUEqzZ2BCEJTW7QjxEEmFt0iqZENz5kxdJq1Z1T6u1m7NK/TKPowj2wQE4Ai44B3VwDRqgCTB4BM/gFbxZT9aL9W59zEoLVt6zB/7A+vwBiVuS4g==</latexit>
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
21
An example: Supersymmetric Interpretation𝒩 = 1Crucial point: SM possesses one Higgs-doublet, while the minimal SUSY requires two Higgs/Higgsino-
doublet. Holomorphy of superpotential and gauge anomaly cancelation
So, the electroweak symmetry breaking must occur by two Higgs vevs
Then, is a free parameter, where tan β ≡ vu/vd vSM = v2u + v2
d
✓H
+
v +H0
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✓H
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SUSY<latexit sha1_base64="JOiszS5PO2mE+gNQqFHHQQ0soOo=">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</latexit>
+ two Higgsino doublets
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
22
“ enhancement”tan β
One encounters “ enhancement” via the muon Yukawa interaction
When , the muon Yukawa is enhanced by
tan β
vd ≪ v = v2u + v2
d tan β ( ≫ 1)
mµ = ySMµ v<latexit sha1_base64="J2ZgS5qwr59hGtEhHZodhEAZkSU=">AAACBXicbZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6hLXQwWwVVJqqAboejGjVDRtkITw2Q6aYfOJGFmUgghGze+ihsXirj1Hdz5Nk7bLLT1wMDHufdy5x4/ZlQqy/o2SguLS8sr5dXK2vrG5pa5vdOWUSIwaeGIReLeR5IwGpKWooqR+1gQxH1GOv7wclzvjIiQNArvVBoTl6N+SAOKkdKWZ+5zL3N4ksNzmE7pIXMEh7fXORx5ZtWqWRPBebALqIJCTc/8cnoRTjgJFWZIyq5txcrNkFAUM5JXnESSGOEh6pOuxhBxIt1sckUOD7XTg0Ek9AsVnLi/JzLEpUy5rzs5UgM5Wxub/9W6iQrO3IyGcaJIiKeLgoRBFcFxJLBHBcGKpRoQFlT/FeIBEggrHVxFh2DPnjwP7XrNPq7Vb06qjYsijjLYAwfgCNjgFDTAFWiCFsDgETyDV/BmPBkvxrvxMW0tGcXMLvgj4/MH+vCYOw==</latexit>
ySUSYµ = ySMµ
v
vd= ySMµ
1
cos�' ySMµ tan�
<latexit sha1_base64="Cn3Df+xVcKJXgM9ES5eq/Ebm4fY=">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</latexit>
mµ = ySUSYµ vd
<latexit sha1_base64="cwCbZPc2k3t1LOlYb7N7wtUM8ls=">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</latexit>
0 0SM SUSY
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
23
Supersymmetric Interpretation𝒩 = 1Four types of one-loop diagrams are responsible to explain the anomaly:
1, WHL scenario 2, BLR scenario 3, BHL scenario 4, BHR scenario
These diagrams are proportional to → effectively large → TeV scale NPtan β = 1 ∼ 60 gNP
3, BHL and 4, BHR are constrained from dark matter direct detection (XENON1T experiment)
[Endo, Hamaguchi, Iwamoto, Yanagi 1704.05287; Baum, Carena, Shah, Wagner 2104.03302]
23
1, WHL and 2, BLR → next slide
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
SLSL-soft
SLSL-8TeVSLSL-1
3TeV
100 150 200 250 300 35050
100
150
200
250
3001, chargino contribution 2, pure-bino contribution with correct ΩDM
Excluded
24
SUSY example𝒩 = 1 [Endo, Hamaguchi, Iwamoto, TK, 2104.03217]
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eLe⇤L !
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will be able to probe
strong bound from:
Low tanβ is preferred(!)
Photon collision will be able to probe
pp ! �� ! ee⇤ !�`e�0
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�<latexit sha1_base64="kOclNpNTO65FM/Xd0bKU9h2eDno=">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</latexit>
[Beresford, Liu, PRL ’19]
muon g-2
muon g
-2Point: decays into h not Z
W0 Good target for ILC
XENONnT (DM direct detection) can also probe this scenario
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
25
New physics interpretations
NP type diagrams mass range probe
Supersymmtery 200~500 GeV
Leptoquark 1.5~2.1 TeV
Vector-like lepton 100 GeV~1 TeV
Scalar extensions10~100 GeV (A),
150~300 GeV (H)
Axion-like particle 40 MeV~200 GeV
U(1) Lμ-Lτ 10~200 MeV
[Refs: Athron et al, 2104.03691; Buen-Abad et al, 2104.03267; Krnjaic et al, 1902.07715; Dermisek et al, 2103.05645]
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pp ! �� ! ee⇤<latexit sha1_base64="ZFgYBS7zPlnhtKu4XHDqZhqqYnY=">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</latexit>
Z ! ⌧+⌧�<latexit sha1_base64="EkAXHWv5zTyU76BLnh0m+zkz6/Q=">AAAB/HicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr2qWbwSIIYkmqoMuiG5cV7APbWCbTSTt0MgkzEyGE+ituXCji1g9x5984bbPQ1gOXOZxzL3Pv8WPOlHacb2tpeWV1bb2wUdzc2t7Ztff2mypKJKENEvFItn2sKGeCNjTTnLZjSXHoc9ryR9cTv/VIpWKRuNNpTL0QDwQLGMHaSD27dI+6OjKFk4eT2XPas8tOxZkCLRI3J2XIUe/ZX91+RJKQCk04VqrjOrH2Miw1I5yOi91E0RiTER7QjqECh1R52XT5MToySh8FkTQlNJqqvycyHCqVhr7pDLEeqnlvIv7ndRIdXHoZE3GiqSCzj4KEI3PuJAnUZ5ISzVNDMJHM7IrIEEtMtMmraEJw509eJM1qxT2rVG/Py7WrPI4CHMAhHIMLF1CDG6hDAwik8Ayv8GY9WS/Wu/Uxa12y8pkS/IH1+QMbgpPG</latexit>
e+e� ! µ+µ�Z 0<latexit sha1_base64="RnaxPByPqvNPjDFIaTqoAs2N9K8=">AAACAXicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vUTeCm2ARhdIyUwVdFt24rGAf2JmWTHrbhiYzQ5IRSqkbf8WNC0Xc+hfu/BvTx0JbDyQczrmX5Jwg5kxpx/m2UkvLK6tr6fXMxubW9o69u1dVUSIpVGjEI1kPiALOQqhopjnUYwlEBBxqQf967NceQCoWhXd6EIMvSDdkHUaJNlLLPoBmDkMz7+kIeyJp5sZXHt+ftOysU3AmwIvEnZEsmqHcsr+8dkQTAaGmnCjVcJ1Y+0MiNaMcRhkvURAT2iddaBgaEgHKH04SjPCxUdq4E0lzQo0n6u+NIRFKDURgJgXRPTXvjcX/vEaiO5f+kIVxoiGk04c6Cccm7rgO3GYSqOYDQwiVzPwV0x6RhGpTWsaU4M5HXiTVYsE9KxRvz7Olq1kdaXSIjtApctEFKqEbVEYVRNEjekav6M16sl6sd+tjOpqyZjv76A+szx/JsZUt</latexit>
K� ! µ�⌫Z 0<latexit sha1_base64="YEhpz92aA8xGW+m3L2QGywHkZxY=">AAACAnicdVDLSgMxFM34rPU16krcBIvopmVSxba7ohvBTQX7wE5bMmnahmYyQ5IRylDc+CtuXCji1q9w59+YaSuo6IHA4Zx7uTnHCzlT2nE+rLn5hcWl5dRKenVtfWPT3tquqSCShFZJwAPZ8LCinAla1Uxz2gglxb7Had0bnid+/ZZKxQJxrUchbfm4L1iPEayN1LF3L9tZ6OoAun7UzroelrErojG8OezYGSfnOA5CCCYEFU4dQ0qlYh4VIUosgwyYodKx391uQCKfCk04VqqJnFC3Yiw1I5yO026kaIjJEPdp01CBfapa8STCGB4YpQt7gTRPaDhRv2/E2Fdq5Htm0sd6oH57ifiX14x0r9iKmQgjTQWZHupFHJrISR+wyyQlmo8MwUQy81dIBlhiok1raVPCV1L4P6nlc+g4l786yZTPZnWkwB7YB0cAgQIogwtQAVVAwB14AE/g2bq3Hq0X63U6OmfNdnbAD1hvn8AZlmY=</latexit>
pp ! HA ! 4⌧<latexit sha1_base64="oBVyllDTjmIzgHjWwYumkfLPwBU=">AAAB/nicbVDLSgMxFL1TX7W+RsWVm2ARXJWZWtBl1U2XFewD2qFk0kwbmskMSUYoQ8FfceNCEbd+hzv/xnQ6C209kORwzr3k3uPHnCntON9WYW19Y3OruF3a2d3bP7APj9oqSiShLRLxSHZ9rChngrY005x2Y0lx6HPa8Sd3c7/zSKVikXjQ05h6IR4JFjCCtZEG9kmMYtTXEWrcZE/N3DgZ2GWn4mRAq8TNSRlyNAf2V38YkSSkQhOOleq5Tqy9FEvNCKezUj9RNMZkgke0Z6jAIVVemo0/Q+dGGaIgkuYIjTL1d0eKQ6WmoW8qQ6zHatmbi/95vUQH117KRJxoKsjioyDhyOw5zwINmaRE86khmEhmZkVkjCUm2iRWMiG4yyuvkna14l5Wqve1cv02j6MIp3AGF+DCFdShAU1oAYEUnuEV3qwn68V6tz4WpQUr7zmGP7A+fwCo+JQC</latexit>
e+e� ! �a ! 3�<latexit sha1_base64="XbQ2qKiNzyOsl92+oEa96AWXGbU=">AAACCnicbVDJSgNBEO2JW4xb1KOX1iAIYphJBD0GvXiMYBbIRk2nkjTpnhm6e4QQcvbir3jxoIhXv8Cbf2NnETTxQcOr96qorudHgmvjul9OYml5ZXUtuZ7a2Nza3knv7pV1GCuGJRaKUFV90Ch4gCXDjcBqpBCkL7Di96/HfuUeleZhcGcGETYkdAPe4QyMlVrpQ2yeYvOM1k1I612QEihMivxP2Upn3Kw7AV0k3oxkyAzFVvqz3g5ZLDEwTIDWNc+NTGMIynAmcJSqxxojYH3oYs3SACTqxnByyogeW6VNO6GyLzB0ov6eGILUeiB92ynB9PS8Nxb/82qx6Vw2hjyIYoMBmy7qxILaU8e50DZXyIwYWAJMcftXynqggBmbXsqG4M2fvEjKuayXz+ZuzzOFq1kcSXJAjsgJ8cgFKZAbUiQlwsgDeSIv5NV5dJ6dN+d92ppwZjP75A+cj2/1sZiH</latexit>
h ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="36ZHZFj+F6PMkO+z/RBEpe6r3oE=">AAAB+nicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesr1aWbwSIIYkmqoMuiG5cV7AOaWCbTSTt0JgkzE6XEfoobF4q49Uvc+TdO0y609cAMh3Pu5d57goQzpR3n21paXlldWy9sFDe3tnd27dJeU8WpJLRBYh7LdoAV5SyiDc00p+1EUiwCTlvB8Hritx6oVCyO7vQoob7A/YiFjGBtpK5dGiBPx8gT6f1J/p927bJTcXKgReLOSBlmqHftL68Xk1TQSBOOleq4TqL9DEvNCKfjopcqmmAyxH3aMTTCgio/y1cfoyOj9FAYS/MijXL1d0eGhVIjEZhKgfVAzXsT8T+vk+rw0s9YlKSaRmQ6KEw5MsdOckA9JinRfGQIJpKZXREZYImJNmkVTQju/MmLpFmtuGeV6u15uXY1i6MAB3AIx+DCBdTgBurQAAKP8Ayv8GY9WS/Wu/UxLV2yZj378AfW5w+fc5Lw</latexit>
pp ! LQLQ<latexit sha1_base64="MOKgMRYgiVumwWytpdpq61uuwoM=">AAACC3icbVBLSwMxGMzWV62vVY9egkXwVHaroMeiFw8eWrAP6C4lm2bb0GQTkqxQlt69+Fe8eFDEq3/Am//GtF1BWwcCw3zzJZmJJKPaeN6XU1hZXVvfKG6WtrZ3dvfc/YOWFqnCpIkFE6oTIU0YTUjTUMNIRyqCeMRIOxpdT+fte6I0FcmdGUsScjRIaEwxMlbquccSShgYAbNAcXjbmATC2qe3/Qiw55a9ijcDXCZ+TsogR73nfgZ9gVNOEoMZ0rrre9KEGVKGYkYmpSDVRCI8QgPStTRBnOgwm2WZwBOr9GEslD2JgTP190aGuNZjHlknR2aoF2dT8b9ZNzXxZZjRRKaGJHj+UJwyaLNPi4F9qgg2bGwJworav0I8RAphY+sr2RL8xcjLpFWt+GeVauO8XLvK6yiCI3AMToEPLkAN3IA6aAIMHsATeAGvzqPz7Lw573Nrwcl3DsEfOB/fydyaQg==</latexit>
Z ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="0AWDzWrG1tWkr9I2h15W7BPI8jE=">AAAB+nicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqS7dBIsgiGWmCrosunFZwT6wM5ZMmmlDk8yQZJQy9lPcuFDErV/izr8xnc5CWw8kHM65l3vvCWJGlXacb6uwtLyyulZcL21sbm3v2OXdlooSiUkTRyySnQApwqggTU01I51YEsQDRtrB6Grqtx+IVDQSt3ocE5+jgaAhxUgbqWeX76CnI+jx5P44+096dsWpOhngInFzUgE5Gj37y+tHOOFEaMyQUl3XibWfIqkpZmRS8hJFYoRHaEC6hgrEifLTbPUJPDRKH4aRNE9omKm/O1LElRrzwFRypIdq3puK/3ndRIcXfkpFnGgi8GxQmDBojp3mAPtUEqzZ2BCEJTW7QjxEEmFt0iqZENz5kxdJq1Z1T6u1m7NK/TKPowj2wQE4Ai44B3VwDRqgCTB4BM/gFbxZT9aL9W59zEoLVt6zB/7A+vwBiVuS4g==</latexit>
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
∑
26
Novel theoretical finding: Violation of Wilsonian (1/2)[Arkani-Hamed, Harigaya, 2106.01373]
etc. = 0 /Z 1
0dk2f 0(k2) = 0 with f(1) = f(0) = 0
<latexit sha1_base64="8KeRWRh8FIJ5NzI0goS20ksJPiQ=">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</latexit>
No UV div.total derivative!
Using a vector-like lepton model, the authors discover “violation of Wilsonian naturalness” following
from “total derivative phenomenon”
Two vector-like leptons are introduced: SU(2)L doublet and singlet (motivation: is SM-like)
Dimension-six one-loop contributions are canceled out without symmetry reason, independently of
mass spectrum! The reason is that the loop function is “total derivative”
Leading contribution comes from dimension-eight one-loop
L S hμ+μ−
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
27
Prediction. Viable parameter space will be fully proved by future lepton colliders.
Novel theoretical finding: Violation of Wilsonian (2/2)
[Arkani-Hamed, Harigaya, 2106.01373]
Excluded by LHC search
Excluded by electroweak fit
⌧ ! µ⌫⌫<latexit sha1_base64="DC2l2XE/q5ELZ6yFRyXR60yKb4Q=">AAACAHicdVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqAsXbgaL4CokaWjrrujGZQXbCk0ok+mkHTqZhJmJUEI3/oobF4q49TPc+TdO2goqemC4h3Pu5c49YcqoVLb9YZRWVtfWN8qbla3tnd09c/+gK5NMYNLBCUvEbYgkYZSTjqKKkdtUEBSHjPTCyWXh9+6IkDThN2qakiBGI04jipHS0sA88hXKoK8S6Me68swPkdBlYFZt67xZd706tC3bbjiuUxC34dU86GilQBUs0R6Y7/4wwVlMuMIMSdl37FQFORKKYkZmFT+TJEV4gkakrylHMZFBPj9gBk+1MoRRIvTjCs7V7xM5iqWcxqHujJEay99eIf7l9TMVNYOc8jRThOPFoihjUN9bpAGHVBCs2FQThAXVf4V4jATCSmdW0SF8XQr/J13XcmqWe+1VWxfLOMrgGJyAM+CABmiBK9AGHYDBDDyAJ/Bs3BuPxovxumgtGcuZQ/ADxtsnkZyWaQ==</latexit>
W ! µ⌫<latexit sha1_base64="8spH+qdKZrvsJB/+GMEpPiIhkzE=">AAAB+nicdVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vVJduBovgKiRpaOuu6MZlBfuAJpTJdNoOnUzCzEQpsZ/ixoUibv0Sd/6Nk7aCih64cDjnXu69J0wYlcq2P4zC2vrG5lZxu7Szu7d/YJYPOzJOBSZtHLNY9EIkCaOctBVVjPQSQVAUMtINp5e5370lQtKY36hZQoIIjTkdUYyUlgZmuQt9FUM/SqEfIuHzdGBWbOu8UXO9GrQt2647rpMTt+5VPehoJUcFrNAamO/+MMZpRLjCDEnZd+xEBRkSimJG5iU/lSRBeIrGpK8pRxGRQbY4fQ5PtTKEo1jo4gou1O8TGYqknEWh7oyQmsjfXi7+5fVTNWoEGeVJqgjHy0WjlEH9bJ4DHFJBsGIzTRAWVN8K8QQJhJVOq6RD+PoU/k86ruVULffaqzQvVnEUwTE4AWfAAXXQBFegBdoAgzvwAJ7As3FvPBovxuuytWCsZo7ADxhvn6R0k58=</latexit>
Z ! µ+µ�<latexit sha1_base64="0zxT9EnetKOlupuYxMJHgmADWc8=">AAAB+nicdVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vVJduBosgiCFJQ1t3RTcuK9gHNrFMppN26OTBzEQptZ/ixoUibv0Sd/6Nk7aCih6Y4XDOvdx7j58wKqRpfmi5peWV1bX8emFjc2t7Ry/utkScckyaOGYx7/hIEEYj0pRUMtJJOEGhz0jbH51nfvuWcEHj6EqOE+KFaBDRgGIkldTTi9fQlTF0w/TmePaf9PSSaZzWKrZTgaZhmlXLtjJiV52yAy2lZCiBBRo9/d3txzgNSSQxQ0J0LTOR3gRxSTEj04KbCpIgPEID0lU0QiER3mS2+hQeKqUPg5irF0k4U793TFAoxDj0VWWI5FD89jLxL6+byqDmTWiUpJJEeD4oSBlUx2Y5wD7lBEs2VgRhTtWuEA8RR1iqtAoqhK9L4f+kZRtW2bAvnVL9bBFHHuyDA3AELFAFdXABGqAJMLgDD+AJPGv32qP2or3OS3PaomcP/ID29gnpapMk</latexit>
doublet vector-like lepton mass
singl
et v
ecto
r-lik
e le
pton
mas
s
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
29
What is flavor physics?
Quarks can not become asymptotic field, but must be contained in hadron=meson or baryon
b … B meson, c … D meson, s … K meson, or heavy baryons.
b quarkPV
Hadronization
spectator quark = light quark = u, d, (s)
B meson
….
B0, B0, B±, B0s , B*, . . .
Quark flavor physics means physics of meson/baryon transition;
etc. B → K + X (b → s), D → π + X (c → u), K → π + X (s → d),
Gell-Mann named it “flavor” at an ice-cream store, just as ice-cream has both color and quark (cheese) flavor
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
30
B physics
Main stream of the flavor physics. There are three big experiments for B physics.
Rich phenomenology; CKM, FCNC, CP violation, tau lepton, LFU, Hadron spectroscopy, dark sector
BaBar experiment @ SLAC, physics run was finished at 2008
Belle and Belle II experiments @ KEK, Belle II started at 2019
LHCb experiment @ CERN, Run 1 and 2 were done, Run 3 will start at 2022
pp → bb → BB
e+e− → Υ → BB per year1010BB
e+e− → Υ → BB per year108BB
per year1012bb
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
31
CKM matrix
CKM matrix arises the relative misalignment between the Yukawa matrices and gauge interactions:
Wolfenstein parametrization
Parameter is determined by B physics A
L � � gp2uiL�
µdiLW+µ
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µ(U†uUd)
ijdjLW+µ
=� gp2uiL�
µV ijCKMdjLW
+µ
<latexit sha1_base64="kqvowncweQejdx6r7WmlvAQOfRg=">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</latexit>
+𝒪(λ4)
B physics K physics
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
32
Measurements of |Vcb|
Inclusive decays:
It corresponds to quark level decay rate ( ) + corrections
Last data in 2010 → Belle II result coming soon; No lattice → the first lattice study [Gambino,
Hashimoto, PRL ’20]
Exclusive decays:
Many data with different schemes. One can use lattice simulations.
B → Xcℓν
b → cℓν αs, ΛQCD/mb
B → Dℓν, B → D*ℓν
Hadron states (=D**, D*, D, Dπ, Dππ…)
Xc
For determination of |Vcb|, one
measures branching ratios of
B-meson semileptonic decay
modes, and compare TH
Semileptonic mode
Xc
` = e, µ<latexit sha1_base64="c49lsLf+fGy8wvLCE5xsgYPKBh0=">AAAB9XicbVBNSwMxEM36WetX1aOXYBE8SNmtgl6EohePFewHdNeSTWfb0CS7JFmlLP0fXjwo4tX/4s1/Y9ruQVsfDDzem2FmXphwpo3rfjtLyyura+uFjeLm1vbObmlvv6njVFFo0JjHqh0SDZxJaBhmOLQTBUSEHFrh8Gbitx5BaRbLezNKIBCkL1nEKDFWevCBc3yFAZ9iX6TdUtmtuFPgReLlpIxy1LulL78X01SANJQTrTuem5ggI8owymFc9FMNCaFD0oeOpZII0EE2vXqMj63Sw1GsbEmDp+rviYwIrUcitJ2CmIGe9ybif14nNdFlkDGZpAYknS2KUo5NjCcR4B5TQA0fWUKoYvZWTAdEEWpsUEUbgjf/8iJpViveWaV6d16uXedxFNAhOkInyEMXqIZuUR01EEUKPaNX9OY8OS/Ou/Mxa11y8pkD9AfO5w91wpEv</latexit>
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
33
Average of the inclusive determinations
CKM unitarity
~3σ tension between inclusive vs. exclusive determinations of Vcb and Vub
[Ricciardi, Rotondo, 1912.09562]
2ρ
0 1 2
]-3
| [10
cb G
(1) |
VEWη
20
30
40
50
HFLAV2018
ALEPH
CLEO
BELLEBABAR global fit
BABAR taggedAVERAGE
= 12χ Δ
/dof = 5.0/ 82χ
2ρ
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
]-3
| [10
cb F
(1) |
VEWη
30
35
40
HFLAVSpring 2019
ALEPH
CLEO
OPAL(part. reco.)
OPAL(excl.)
DELPHI(part. reco.)
DELPHI (excl.)
BELLE
BABAR (excl.)BABAR (D*0)BABAR (Global Fit)
AVERAGE
= 12χ Δ
/dof = 42.3/232χ
B → D*ℓνB → Dℓν[HFLAV averages 2019, based on CLN]
Belle II preliminary result [Moriond2021]
Inclusive Vcb = 41.7 (12) x 10-3
NP interpretation is difficult [Iguro, Watanabe, 2004.10208] Kaon physics prefers
inclusive Vcb (→ page 36)
Average of the exclusive determinations
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
34
Lepton flavor universality (LFU)
Gauge symmetry predicts lepton flavor universal phenomena
e<latexit sha1_base64="ulexyCRfpHT3r2hwDQA7tMYj1E4=">AAAB6HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mqoMeCF721YGuhDWWznbRrN5uwuxFK6C/w4kERr/4kb/4bt20O2vpg4PHeDDPzgkRwbVz32ymsrW9sbhW3Szu7e/sH5cOjto5TxbDFYhGrTkA1Ci6xZbgR2EkU0igQ+BCMb2b+wxMqzWN5byYJ+hEdSh5yRo2VmtgvV9yqOwdZJV5OKpCj0S9/9QYxSyOUhgmqdddzE+NnVBnOBE5LvVRjQtmYDrFrqaQRaj+bHzolZ1YZkDBWtqQhc/X3REYjrSdRYDsjakZ62ZuJ/3nd1ITXfsZlkhqUbLEoTAUxMZl9TQZcITNiYgllittbCRtRRZmx2ZRsCN7yy6ukXat6F9Va87JSv8vjKMIJnMI5eHAFdbiFBrSAAcIzvMKb8+i8OO/Ox6K14OQzx/AHzucPzNaM9A==</latexit>
µ<latexit sha1_base64="kTsxsAi1puLVD9In4+YTdi/ueMM=">AAAB6nicbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqexWQY8FL3qraD+gXUo2zbahSXZJskJZ+hO8eFDEq7/Im//GtN2Dtj4YeLw3w8y8MBHcWM/7RoW19Y3NreJ2aWd3b/+gfHjUMnGqKWvSWMS6ExLDBFesabkVrJNoRmQoWDsc38z89hPThsfq0U4SFkgyVDzilFgnPfRk2i9XvKo3B14lfk4qkKPRL3/1BjFNJVOWCmJM1/cSG2REW04Fm5Z6qWEJoWMyZF1HFZHMBNn81Ck+c8oAR7F2pSyeq78nMiKNmcjQdUpiR2bZm4n/ed3URtdBxlWSWqboYlGUCmxjPPsbD7hm1IqJI4Rq7m7FdEQ0odalU3Ih+Msvr5JWrepfVGv3l5X6XR5HEU7gFM7Bhyuowy00oAkUhvAMr/CGBHpB7+hj0VpA+cwx/AH6/AFgx43h</latexit>
⌧<latexit sha1_base64="YHx5dBVtnc6vg3liwNVmERVSg+Q=">AAAB63icbVBNS8NAEJ34WetX1aOXxSJ4KkkV9FjworcK9gPaUDbbTbt0dxN2J0IJ/QtePCji1T/kzX9j0uagrQ8GHu/NMDMviKWw6Lrfztr6xubWdmmnvLu3f3BYOTpu2ygxjLdYJCPTDajlUmjeQoGSd2PDqQok7wST29zvPHFjRaQfcRpzX9GRFqFgFHOpjzQZVKpuzZ2DrBKvIFUo0BxUvvrDiCWKa2SSWtvz3Bj9lBoUTPJZuZ9YHlM2oSPey6imils/nd86I+eZMiRhZLLSSObq74mUKmunKsg6FcWxXfZy8T+vl2B446dCxwlyzRaLwkQSjEj+OBkKwxnKaUYoMyK7lbAxNZRhFk85C8FbfnmVtOs177JWf7iqNu6LOEpwCmdwAR5cQwPuoAktYDCGZ3iFN0c5L86787FoXXOKmRP4A+fzBySWjlM=</latexit>
=<latexit sha1_base64="k5RwRTpDUuczUHOeIMvRgrp09YA=">AAAB6HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKexGQS9CwIveEjAPSJYwO+lNxszOLjOzQgj5Ai8eFPHqJ3nzb5wke9DEgoaiqpvuriARXBvX/XZya+sbm1v57cLO7t7+QfHwqKnjVDFssFjEqh1QjYJLbBhuBLYThTQKBLaC0e3Mbz2h0jyWD2acoB/RgeQhZ9RYqX7TK5bcsjsHWSVeRkqQodYrfnX7MUsjlIYJqnXHcxPjT6gynAmcFrqpxoSyER1gx1JJI9T+ZH7olJxZpU/CWNmShszV3xMTGmk9jgLbGVEz1MveTPzP66QmvPYnXCapQckWi8JUEBOT2dekzxUyI8aWUKa4vZWwIVWUGZtNwYbgLb+8SpqVsndRrtQvS9X7LI48nMApnIMHV1CFO6hBAxggPMMrvDmPzovz7nwsWnNONnMMf+B8/gCQNozM</latexit> =<latexit sha1_base64="k5RwRTpDUuczUHOeIMvRgrp09YA=">AAAB6HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKexGQS9CwIveEjAPSJYwO+lNxszOLjOzQgj5Ai8eFPHqJ3nzb5wke9DEgoaiqpvuriARXBvX/XZya+sbm1v57cLO7t7+QfHwqKnjVDFssFjEqh1QjYJLbBhuBLYThTQKBLaC0e3Mbz2h0jyWD2acoB/RgeQhZ9RYqX7TK5bcsjsHWSVeRkqQodYrfnX7MUsjlIYJqnXHcxPjT6gynAmcFrqpxoSyER1gx1JJI9T+ZH7olJxZpU/CWNmShszV3xMTGmk9jgLbGVEz1MveTPzP66QmvPYnXCapQckWi8JUEBOT2dekzxUyI8aWUKa4vZWwIVWUGZtNwYbgLb+8SpqVsndRrtQvS9X7LI48nMApnIMHV1CFO6hBAxggPMMrvDmPzovz7nwsWnNONnMMf+B8/gCQNozM</latexit>
⌫e, e<latexit sha1_base64="xSVZmRPPd7AD9qaGcCe3qAWPxFI=">AAAB8HicbVBNSwMxEM3Wr1q/qh69BIvgoZTdKuix4EVvFeyHdJeSTWfb0CS7JFmhLP0VXjwo4tWf481/Y9ruQVsfDDzem2FmXphwpo3rfjuFtfWNza3idmlnd2//oHx41NZxqii0aMxj1Q2JBs4ktAwzHLqJAiJCDp1wfDPzO0+gNIvlg5kkEAgylCxilBgrPfoy7UPVr0K/XHFr7hx4lXg5qaAczX75yx/ENBUgDeVE657nJibIiDKMcpiW/FRDQuiYDKFnqSQCdJDND57iM6sMcBQrW9Lgufp7IiNC64kIbacgZqSXvZn4n9dLTXQdZEwmqQFJF4uilGMT49n3eMAUUMMnlhCqmL0V0xFRhBqbUcmG4C2/vEra9Zp3UavfX1Yad3kcRXSCTtE58tAVaqBb1EQtRJFAz+gVvTnKeXHenY9Fa8HJZ47RHzifPx9bj/s=</latexit>
⌫µ, µ<latexit sha1_base64="+O4nb7vtf6G0fXccfL89mGxLQG4=">AAAB9HicbVDLSsNAFL2pr1pfVZdugkVwUUpSBV0W3Oiugq2FJpTJdNIOnZnEeRRK6He4caGIWz/GnX/jtM1CWw/cy+Gce5k7J0oZVdrzvp3C2vrG5lZxu7Szu7d/UD48aqvESExaOGGJ7ERIEUYFaWmqGemkkiAeMfIYjW5m/uOYSEUT8aAnKQk5GggaU4y0lcJAmF7ATTWo2t4rV7yaN4e7SvycVCBHs1f+CvoJNpwIjRlSqut7qQ4zJDXFjExLgVEkRXiEBqRrqUCcqDCbHz11z6zSd+NE2hLanau/NzLElZrwyE5ypIdq2ZuJ/3ldo+PrMKMiNZoIvHgoNszViTtLwO1TSbBmE0sQltTe6uIhkghrm1PJhuAvf3mVtOs1/6JWv7+sNO7yOIpwAqdwDj5cQQNuoQktwPAEz/AKb87YeXHenY/FaMHJd47hD5zPH1U2kdU=</latexit>
⌫⌧ , ⌧<latexit sha1_base64="+hsjPkNegX1tT6bALt0QJpqVmjo=">AAAB+HicbVDLSsNAFL2pr1ofjbp0EyyCi1KSKuiy4EZ3FWwtNCFMppN26GQS5iHU0C9x40IRt36KO//GaZuFth643MM59zJ3TpQxKpXrflultfWNza3ydmVnd2+/ah8cdmWqBSYdnLJU9CIkCaOcdBRVjPQyQVASMfIQja9n/sMjEZKm/F5NMhIkaMhpTDFSRgrtqs916Cuk63591kK75jbcOZxV4hWkBgXaof3lD1KsE8IVZkjKvudmKsiRUBQzMq34WpIM4TEakr6hHCVEBvn88KlzapSBE6fCFFfOXP29kaNEykkSmckEqZFc9mbif15fq/gqyCnPtCIcLx6KNXNU6sxScAZUEKzYxBCEBTW3OniEBMLKZFUxIXjLX14l3WbDO2807y5qrdsijjIcwwmcgQeX0IIbaEMHMGh4hld4s56sF+vd+liMlqxi5wj+wPr8AVy5kuo=</latexit>
Charged lepton mass changes kinematics and modifies scalar form factors in the
hadronization, which eventually violates the lepton flavor universality
Long-distance QED correction (beyond PHOTOS) could violate the lepton flavor
universality [de Boer, TK, Nisandzic, PRL ’18; Isidori, Nabeebaccus, Zwicky, ‘20]
�/Z/W<latexit sha1_base64="bbTxOm3fiuikLC7Nuhh05jPhTWw=">AAAB8XicdVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4ms60M9juim5cVrC2tB1KJs20oUlmSDJCGfoXblwo4ta/ceffmD4EFT1w4XDOvdx7T5gwqrTjfFi5tfWNza38dmFnd2//oHh4dKfiVGLSwjGLZSdEijAqSEtTzUgnkQTxkJF2OLma++17IhWNxa2eJiTgaCRoRDHSRur2R4hzVO6W24NiybHdqu/WqtCxfd/zK44hnu9V63Xo2s4CJbBCc1B87w9jnHIiNGZIqZ7rJDrIkNQUMzIr9FNFEoQnaER6hgrEiQqyxcUzeGaUIYxiaUpouFC/T2SIKzXloenkSI/Vb28u/uX1Uh3VgoyKJNVE4OWiKGVQx3D+PhxSSbBmU0MQltTcCvEYSYS1CalgQvj6FP5P7iomKLty45Ual6s48uAEnIJz4IIL0ADXoAlaAAMBHsATeLaU9Wi9WK/L1py1mjkGP2C9fQIvT5Cc</latexit>
R(D(*)) =BR(B → D(*)τντ)BR(B → D(*)ℓνℓ)
NP, e.g., Leptoquark
vs.
Vcb dependence is dropped
SM
B(B ! D`⌫) = 2%, B(B ! D⇤`⌫) = 5%,<latexit sha1_base64="Quk9r2JfkshPNpHqP76VBAkdjsY=">AAACM3icbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsBQqSJmpim6EUl2Iqwr2AZ2xZNK0Dc1khiQjlKF+kxt/xIUgLhRx6z+YaWdRWw8EDuecS+49XsioVJb1ZiwsLi2vrGbWsusbm1vb5s5uXQaRwKSGAxaIpockYZSTmqKKkWYoCPI9Rhre4DLxGw9ESBrwOzUMieujHqddipHSUtu8cXyk+hixuDIqVBwVwCvoEMagw6PDC1hy8keP85F7B0k1nTvVubaZs4rWGHCe2CnJgRTVtvnidAIc+YQrzJCULdsKlRsjoShmZJR1IklChAeoR1qacuQT6cbjm0cwr5UO7AZCP67gWJ2eiJEv5dD3dDJZX856ifif14pU99yNKQ8jRTiefNSNGNR3JwXCDhUEKzbUBGFB9a4Q95FAWOmas7oEe/bkeVIvFe3jYun2JFeupHVkwD44AAVggzNQBtegCmoAgyfwCj7Ap/FsvBtfxvckumCkM3vgD4yfX/+3qAo=</latexit>
LFU observable R(D)
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5R(D)
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4R(D
*)HFLAV average
Average of SM predictions
= 1.0 contours2χΔ
0.003±R(D) = 0.299 0.005±R(D*) = 0.258
HFLAV
Winter 2019
) = 27%2χP(
σ3
LHCb15
LHCb18
Belle17
Belle19 Belle15
BaBar12
HFLAVSpring 2019
[HFLAV averages 2019]
RSMD = 0.297 ± 0.003
RSMD* = 0.250 ± 0.003
New SM prediction
3.8 σ →→→ 3.1 σ →→→ ~ 4 σ tension
Average of the experimental data
New Belle data ‘19 New SM ‘20
Soft-photon QED corrections could change these tensions
It was shown that the QED correction violates LFU at a few % level [de Boer, TK, Nisandzic, PRL ’18]
[Bordone, Jung, van Dyk, ’20; Iguro Watanabe, ‘20]
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
37
EFT global fit
Relevant effective Hamiltonian
Collider bound
Bound from < 60%BR(B+c → τ+ν)
[Blanke, Crivellin, TK, Moscati, Nierste, Nisandzic, ’19]
OLV = (c�µ
PLb) (⌧�µPL⌫⌧ )
ORS = (cPRb) (⌧PL⌫⌧ )
OLS = (cPLb) (⌧PL⌫⌧ )
OT = (c�µ⌫PLb) (⌧�µ⌫PL⌫⌧ )
<latexit sha1_base64="/qzzB1H1Xn+CVbQRjrHM/kxhJPM=">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</latexit>
10% bound is too stringent
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
38
Single particle interpretationsOne WC scenarios Two WCs scenarios
CLV
, SU(2)L-singlet vector LeptoQuark (LQ), SU(2)L-triplet and/or -singlet scalar LQ
W′
CRS
CLS
CLS = 4CT
Charged Higgs, SU(2)L-doublet vector LQ ( )V2
Charged Higgs with generic flavour structure
scalar SU(2)L-doublet LQ ( ) (“4” is modified by RG evolution)
R2
(CLV, CL
S = − 4CT) SU(2)L-singlet scalar LQ ( ) S1
(CLV, CR
S )
(CRS , CL
S )
(Re[CLS = 4CT],
Im[CLS = 4CT])
SU(2)L-singlet vector LQ ( )U1
Charged Higgs with generic flavour structure
scalar SU(2)L-doublet LQ ( )R2
There are so many detailed studies for each single particle scenarios
There are also “two LQs” scenarios
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
(also valid for RH neutrino scenarios)
39
Model-independent prediction: R(Λc)
Crosscheck of anomaly is possible by
R(D(*))R(Λc)
R(⇤c)
R(⇤c)SM' 0.26
R(D)
R(D)SM+ 0.74
R(D⇤)
R(D⇤)SM
Baryonic counterpart: @ LHCb
[Blanke, Crivellin, TK, Moscati, Nierste, Nisandzic, ’19]
SU(2)L-singlet scalar LQ ( )S1
Charged Higgs
SU(2)L-singlet vector LQ ( )U1
SU(2)L-doublet scalar LQ ( )R2
There is no data yet, but soon?
Model-independent sum rule
R (⇤c) = 0.38± 0.01R(D(⇤)) ± 0.01FF<latexit sha1_base64="XtDyDyDatwUJSSpD0jMHH4Tz23I=">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</latexit>
Similar ellipses!
[Bernlochner, Liegt, Robinson, Sutcliffe, PRL ’18]R(⇤c) =B(⇤0
b ! ⇤+c ⌧
�⌫⌧ )
B(⇤0b ! ⇤+
c `�⌫`)<latexit sha1_base64="YQgsV3L88ULwyLmhFWGaxN0WX7I=">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</latexit>
Sum rule for R(Λc) prediction from the form factor analysis
R (⇤c)SM = 0.324± 0.004<latexit sha1_base64="+IW9hirRWYcRY34I5zvqzPvt5yE=">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</latexit>
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
40
LQ vs LHC
LQ can be probed by LHC directly and indirectly
Vector leptoquark scenario [Cornella et al, 2103.16558]R(D) & R(K)
[Greljo, Camalich, Ruiz-Alvarez PRL ’19; Marzocca, Min, Son, ’20; Iguro, Takeuchi, Watanabe 2011.02486]
Current bounds:
The direct bound comes from high- tails in mono-τ searchespT
|CLV | < 0.32, |CL(R)
S | < 0.55, |CT | < 0.17<latexit sha1_base64="QSbfwI3KfvPJru3dc8BNckIPeLY=">AAACKXicbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8oS7dNBITTAyZAQkuXBDZuHCByi2BcdIpBRo6F9uOCRnmddz4Km400ahbX8QOsED0JE3+fP85OT2/7TMqpK5/aoml5ZXVteR6amNza3snvbvXEF7AMaljj3m8ZSNBGHVJXVLJSMvnBDk2I017WIn95gPhgnpuTY58Yjqo79IexUgqZKXL44oVNqK78Coan+u5Qv4Edu4D1IUxv4159uZ4YhWL81YtgjE0SlY6o+f0ScG/wpiJDJhV1Uq/droeDhziSsyQEG1D96UZIi4pZiRKdQJBfISHqE/aSrrIIcIMJ5dG8EiRLux5XD1XwgmdnwiRI8TIsVWng+RALHox/M9rB7J3ZobU9QNJXDxd1AsYlB6MY4NdygmWbKQEwpyqv0I8QBxhqcJNqRCMxZP/ikY+ZxRy+evTTPliFkcSHIBDkAUGKIEyuARVUAcYPIJn8AbetSftRfvQvqatCW02sw9+lfb9A8Wxo9Q=</latexit>
|CLV | < 0.42, |CL(R)
S | < 0.8, |CT | < 0.35<latexit sha1_base64="9CBXsaOTdxoIVQ+8XBG90t3ejsE=">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</latexit>
EFT:
2TeV LQ:
R(K(*)) =BR(B → K(*)μ+μ−)BR(B → K(*)e+e−)
NP, e.g., Z’ boson
vs.
SM
B(B ! K`+`�) = O(10�7), B(B ! K⇤`+`�) = O(10�6)<latexit sha1_base64="T01A/hqa2A16vXtuSD+25ewmbR4=">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</latexit>
LFU observable R(K)
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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anomaliesb → sμ+μ−
In 2019 and 2020, LHCb and Belle presented new results
[LHCb, 2003.04831]
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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In 2019 and 2020, LHCb and Belle presented new results
[LHCb, 2003.04831]
2.5 σ 2.5 σ2.5 σ
2.5 σ, 2.9 σ
3.7 σ
Angular distribution of [K6] is also deviated
at 2.6 σ [LHCb, 1808.00264]
Λb → Λμ+μ−
anomaliesb → sμ+μ−
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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R(K) in Moriond2021
Last month, R(K) was confirmed by using full Run 2 data [LHCb Moriond2021, 2103.11769]
2.5 σ → 3.1σR(K) only
[Kriewald, Hat, Orloff, Teixeira, 2104.00015]
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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SMEFT global fit[Kriewald, Hat, Orloff, Teixeira, 2104.00015]Relevant effective Hamiltonian
He↵ = �4GFp2VtbV
⇤ts
e2
16⇡2
X
i
CiOi
<latexit sha1_base64="sGwrbZUEHBLrD60czYrvSgJYPzw=">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</latexit>
O7 = (s�µ⌫PRb)Fµ⌫
O9 = (s�µPLb)�¯�µ`
�
O10 = (s�µPLb)�¯�µ�5`
�<latexit sha1_base64="Oj7qGTjdbZ9nLBaZgGm/5/I6q8Q=">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</latexit>
All deviations in are the same directionb → sμ+μ−
[Geng et al, 2103.12738; Altmannshofer et al, 2103.13370; Cornella et al, 2103.16558; Alguero et al, 2104.08921; Hurth et al, 2104.10058]
⇤NP = O(10)TeV<latexit sha1_base64="cWadvxFL/mVR/JGOiEHa63KljmY=">AAACE3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAjVRUmqoBuh6MaFaIW+oAlhMpm0QycPZiZCCfkHN/6KGxeKuHXjzr9xmmahrQcGDuecy9x73JhRIQ3jW1tYXFpeWS2tldc3Nre29Z3djogSjkkbRyziPRcJwmhI2pJKRnoxJyhwGem6o6uJ330gXNAobMlxTOwADULqU4ykkhz92LpRYQ85qcUDeNvM4IUVIDnEiKV3WdU0jnKjRTqZo1eMmpEDzhOzIBVQoOnoX5YX4SQgocQMCdE3jVjaKeKSYkayspUIEiM8QgPSVzREARF2mt+UwUOleNCPuHqhhLn6eyJFgRDjwFXJyb5i1puI/3n9RPrndkrDOJEkxNOP/IRBGcFJQdCjnGDJxoogzKnaFeIh4ghLVWNZlWDOnjxPOvWaeVKr359WGpdFHSWwDw5AFZjgDDTANWiCNsDgETyDV/CmPWkv2rv2MY0uaMXMHvgD7fMHVm+dLg==</latexit>
Including the look-elsewhere effect and conservative theoretical error from charm loops, the global significance of is 3.9σ b → sℓ+ℓ−
[Lancierini, Isidori, Owen, Serra, 2104.05631]
+ = ?
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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Refs particles solve mass scale
Arcadi et al, 2104.03228 Vector-like fermion + scalars muon g-2, R(K), DM 0.1~1 TeV VL
Nomura, Okada 2104.03248 Scalar LeptoQuark (LQ) muon g-2, R(K), . ~5 TeV LQ
Bhattacharya et al, 2104.03947 ALP muon g-2, Kπ puzzle ~140 MeV ALP
Marzocca, Trifinopoulos, 2104.05730 Scalar LQ + scalar muon g-2, R(K), R(D), CAA ~5 TeV LQ
Du et al, 2104.05685; Ban et al, 2104.06656 Vector LQ muon g-2, R(K), R(D) ~2 TeV LQ
(B + muon g-2) anomaly =?
mν
・・・
/ 49Teppei Kitahara: Nagoya University, Strings and Fields 2021, August 26, 2021, online talk‘Anomaly’ in current low-energy data
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Summary of anomalies —fake or real? —~3σ ~4σ
3.9σ2.2σ? 3-4σ
4.2σ?
4.7σ?
4.2σ?
SUSY? Leptoquark? Axion-like particle? Z’? Vector-like fermion?
|"K |⇥ 103<latexit sha1_base64="SxstL48wq2llysgPhTqNPFzbAp8=">AAACA3icbVC7SgNBFL0bXzG+Vu20GQyCVdhNBC2DNoJNBPOA7BpmJ7PJkNkHM7OBsAnY+Cs2ForY+hN2/o2TZAtNPDBw7jn3cuceL+ZMKsv6NnIrq2vrG/nNwtb2zu6euX/QkFEiCK2TiEei5WFJOQtpXTHFaSsWFAcep01vcD31m0MqJIvCezWKqRvgXsh8RrDSUsc8GjtDLGgsGdfl7dhRLKAS2dZDpWMWrZI1A1omdkaKkKHWMb+cbkSSgIaKcCxl27Zi5aZYKEY4nRScRNIYkwHu0bamIdab3HR2wwSdaqWL/EjoFyo0U39PpDiQchR4ujPAqi8Xvan4n9dOlH/ppiyME0VDMl/kJxypCE0DQV0mKFF8pAkmgum/ItLHAhOlYyvoEOzFk5dJo1yyK6Xy3XmxepXFkYdjOIEzsOECqnADNagDgUd4hld4M56MF+Pd+Ji35oxs5hD+wPj8Aa7El4Q=</latexit>