Teenagers, Hormones and Shaving Cream…Oh My!

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

HormonesHormones are chemical messengers in the body.

Hormones are produced in endocrine glands. The endocrine glands are called ductless because they diffuse hormones directly into the bloodstream as they are produced.

Although hormones go to ALL parts of the body, they only work in organs/locations that have receptors for that specific hormone.

An imbalance of hormones can cause severe mood swings!

1

2

3.

4

5

6..

7.

8.

The

End

ocrin

e G

land

s

HW Pass Question: What is a Hypophysis Operation?

The information on the following slides will all be compiled on one

chart that looks like this:

Gland Hormone Function

Hypothalamus

A BIG daddy of endocrine glands!! Secretes

hormones that influence the

pituitary gland

Pituitary Hormones

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): stimulates the production of the thyroid hormone thyroxin.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): stimulates either the ovaries to produce eggs or the testes to produce sperm.

Growth Hormone (GH): stimulates the growth of bones and cartilage.

Hyper- Hypo-FSH: too many follicles….twins, triplets, etc!!

FHS: too few follicles, hard to conceive baby.

Growth: if in childhood, giantism if in adulthood, agromegaly

Growth: dwarfism

Adrenal Gland Hormones

Adrenaline: Secreted in response to sudden stress. Constricts blood vessels and increases rate of metabolism

Cortisol: Regulates glucose level by converting fat and protein into glucose.

Hyper- Cushing’s Disease: excess fat deposits, puffy face and facial hair

Hypo-Addison’s Disease: Sluggish, weight loss, increased skin pigmentation, stressed

Thyroid HormoneThyroxin: Contains Iodine. Regulates the rate of metabolism for physical and mental development.

Hyper-Causes goiter, bulging eyes, nervousness, irritability, weight loss.

Hypo-In infancy, cretinism (disproportionate dwarf) and mental retardation. In adult, myxedema, weight gain and slow mental functioning

Parathyroid Hormones

Parathormone: Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism.

Hyper- Hypo-Removal of Calcium from teeth and bones, leaving them brittle.

Tetany-the skeletal muscle are hypertensive and contract violently.

Pancreas Hormones(Islets of Langerhans)

Insulin: Increases the rate of glucose absorption into cells, thus decreasing the blood sugar level.

Hyper-Diabetic shock, convulsions, unconscious, low blood sugar level

Hypo- Diabetes, dehydration, weight loss, high blood sugar level

Glucagon: Converts glycogen (stored in the liver) to glucose in order to raise blood sugar level.

Hyper-

Hypo-

Diabetes, high blood sugar level

Low blood sugar level

Testes

Testosterone: Influences secondary sex characteristics in men, development of the male reproductive system.

Dee

per

voic

e

Fac

ial H

air

Bod

y H

air

Ovaries

Estrogen: Influences secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle.

Progesterone: Helps regulate the menstrual cycle and maintains the uterus during pregnancy.

FEED BACK LOOPS

FEED FEED BACK BACK

LOOPSLOOPS

Positive & NegativeFeed Back Loops

Positive Feed Back Loop:

An increase in stimulus #1, causes an increase in stimulus #2, which causes a further increase of #1, etc

Negative Feed Back Loop:

An increase in stimulus #1, causes an increase in stimulus #2..that increase in #2, causes a decrease in #1, which then allows a decrease in #2.

Example: Low Thyroxin causes higher TSH, higher TSH causes higher Thyroxin, higher Thyroxin causes lower TSH, lower TSH causes lower thyroxin.

The Menstrual CycleThe Menstrual Cycle …hold on to your socks for some wild fun!

The menstrual cycle is an example of a negative feed back loop.

1. FSH causes a follicle to mature.

2. Follicle produces Estrogen. Estrogen causes uterine lining to thicken.

3. Increase in Estrogen and a decrease in FSH causes an increase in Lutenizing Hormone, which causes ovulation (release of the egg).

4. The increase of LH causes the Corpus Luteum (the empty follicle) to produce progesterone which maintains the uterine lining.

5. If no pregnancy, FSH increases again and decreases progesterone. This results in menstruation.

Diabetes

Type I Diabetes:

Insulin Dependent

Your body does not make enough (or any) insulin

Type II Diabetes:

Non-Insulin Dependent

Your body does not know what to do with the insulin it makes.