HVAC Ins. Eg.

HVAC Insulation

Thermal Insulation

• Technical Requirements

• Definitions

• Condensation

• Q/A

HVAC Ins. 01

HVAC Insulation

ThermalThermal

Insulation

HVAC Ins. 02

HVAC Insulation

Thermal Insulation, in principal,

is the resistance to reduce the heat transfer in a

considerable amount.considerable amount.

• cold lines prevents heat loss

• heating lines prevents heat gains

HVAC Ins.

→

In Buildings; in Winter time →→ Heat Losses

in Summer time →→ Heat Gains

The Resistance03

In HVAC; in Heating Lines → Heat Losses

in Cooling lines → Heat Gains

is “Thermal Insulation”

HVAC Ins.

Cold Lines

HVAC Lines

Warm Lines Heating Lines

Cold – Warm and Heating Lines04

Cold Lines

+6 °C

Warm Lines Heating Lines

+100 °C

HVAC Ins.

Where?

• Building

• HVAC

• Technical insulation

05

→ Circular Surfaces (Pipes)

→ Rectangular Surfaces (Air ducts)

→ Valves and Accessories

• Technical insulation

HVAC Ins.

Thermal Insulation Material06

� What is a Thermal Insulation Material?

According to ISO and EN Standards;

� If λ>0,065 W/mK Building Material

� If λ<0,065 W/mK Thermal Insulation Material

HVAC Ins.

�Glasswool (EN 13162)

�Stonewool (EN 13162)

�Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)

Thermal Insulation Materials07

�Extruded Polistren (XPS) (EN 13164)

�Expanded Polistren (EPS) (EN 13163)

�Polyurathane (PUR) (EN 13165)

�Phenolic Foam (EN 13166)

�Cellular Glass (EN 13167)

HVAC Ins.

1) Thermal Conductivity Coefficient( λ )

2) Water Vapor Diffusion Resistance Coefficient( µ )

3) Fire Classification (DIN 4102, BS 476, EN 13501)

4) Corrosion Risk

5) Temperature Range(°C)

6) Cell Structure

Technical Requirements08

6) Cell Structure

7) Acoustic Performance

8) Density (kg/m3)

9) Weathering Resistance

10) Dimensional Stability

11) Easy Application

12) EconomicsNOT: Temperature range is not a selection criteria, it defines the usage area.

HVAC Ins.

It is the quantatiy of the energy which passes through a m3

of insulating material where there is 1C difference in tempurature between opposite surfaces.

091. Thermal Conductivity (λλλλ)

3

1m1m

1m

WARM

T1

COLD

T2

λ (W/mK) Heat Transferred

3

HVAC Ins. 10

λTM = λ at mean temperature

t + t

Thermal Conductivity (λλλλ)

tm =tmedium + tambient

2

HVAC Ins. 11Thermal Conductivity Coefficiency (

Mean

Temperature

C

Thermal Conductivty (W/mK)

10 12 16 18 20 24 30 32 36 48 60 64 72

0 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.029 0.029 0.030 0.030 0.030

λ)

10 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.031

25 0.044 0.041 0.039 0.038 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.032

50 0.055 0.048 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.039 0.037 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.036 0.036

75 0.064 0.059 0.051 0.048 0.046 0.043 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.037 0.038 0.038 0.038

100 0.074 0.065 0.057 0.053 0.051 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.043

HVAC Ins.

It is the ratio of the resistance

to the water vapour diffusion

of an insulation material to the

resistance of air

12

2.Water Vapour Diffusion ResistanceCoefficient (µµµµ)

resistance of air

HVAC Ins. 13

µ = 1 ( no resistance to diffusion )

µ = ∞∞∞∞ ( no diffusion )

Water Vapour Diffusion ResistanceCoefficient (µµµµ)

µ = 10.000 - 100.000

For e.g ; Aluminium ( µ = ∞ )

Diffusion tight materials

HVAC Ins. 14

3. Fire Classification

• DIN 4102

• BS 476• BS 476

• EN 13501

Thermal

A Incombustible materials

A1 That does not contain combustible materials

A2 That contains combustible materials

DIN 4102 Standard15

A2 That contains combustible materials

B Combustible materials

B1 Hardly combustible materials

B2 Normal combustible materials

B3 Easily combustible materials

HVAC Ins.

DIN 4102

ClassA(Incombustible)

ClassB

(Combustible)

16

DIN 4102 Standard

A1 A2 B1 B2 B3

→ PUR

→ EPS

→ Wood

→ Paper

→ Wood

→ Sand

→ Concrete

→ Brick

→ Glasswool

→ Stonewool

→ Glasswool

→ Stonewool

→ XPS

→ PE

HVAC Ins.

EN 13501 Standard - GlassWool17

A1

Thermal 18

EN 13501 Standard - FEF

B-s3-d0

Thermal

Steel Pipes ;

According to DIN 1988 Part 7 Section 5:3 Limit Values

4. Corrosion Risk19

Chlor (%0,05)

Copper Pipes ;

Nitrate ve Ammonia (%0,2)

HVAC Ins.

Thermal Insulation Material Max.Operating Temperature(°C)

Ceramic wool 1800

Stonewool 750

Cellular Glass 430

5.Temperature Range20

Glasswool 250

FEF * 170

Melamine Foam 150

Phenolic Foam 120

Polyurathane 110

Polyethylene 105

HVAC Ins. 21

µ=1 open cell

µµµµ =3.000

6. Cell Structure

µµµµ =3.000 closed cell

µµµµ =7.000closed cell

HVAC Ins.

8- Density

is the only specification that can be measured in the site.

9- Mechanical Resistance

The Other Requirements22

is the compressive strength at % 10 deflection.

10- Dimensional Stability

11- Easy Application

12- Economics

HVAC Ins.

Which Thermal Insulation Materials are used

Question-1

23

in

HVAC Applications ?

HVAC Ins.

�Glasswool (GW)

�Stonewool (SW)

�Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)

Thermal Insulation Materials in HVAC Applications

24

�Flexible Elastomeric Rubber Foam (NBR)

�Extruded Polyethylene Foam (XPE)

�Polyurathane Foam (PUF)

�Phenolic Foam (PF)

�Cellular Glass (CG)

HVAC Ins. 25

Question-2

Which thickness should be used ?Which thickness should be used ?

HVAC Ins. 26.1

OdeCalc Program

For Pipes For Flat Surfaces

→ Heat loss→ Heat loss

Which thickness should be used ?

→ Temperature drop

→ Surface temperature

→ Freezing time

→ Minumum insulation

thickness preventing

condensation

→ Heat loss

→ Surface temperature

→ Minumum insulation

thickness preventing

condensation

HVAC Ins. 26.2

- Minumum insulation thickness preventing condensation for Pipes -

PARAMETERS

Ambient temperature ( Ta°C) 30

Medium temperature( Tm °C) 6

To Prevent Condensation

m

Tube diameter (mm) 114

Insulation material R-Flex-ST

Relative Humidity (%) 70

RESULTS

Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) 0.0375

Dew point temperature ( Td °C) 23.9

Minimum insulation thickness (mm) 11.4

K-Flex dimension 13 x 114

HVAC Ins.

Ambient Temperature ( Ta) : 35°C

Medium Temperature ( Tm) : 6 °C

Pipe Diameter (inch) : 2”

E.g.

26.3For Energy Saving

Relative Humidity (%) : 60

RESULT

Min.insulation thickness to prevent condensation: 7.8 !

Insulation Thickness 9 mm. 13 mm 25 mm 32 mm

Energy saving due to

thickness62% 69% 78% 80%

HVAC Ins. 27

Question-3

How is possible to prevent condensation ?How is possible to prevent condensation ?

HVAC Ins. 28

Definition of the Condensation

Tm = 6°C

Ts = 24.1°C

φ = % 65

Td = 22.8°C

Ta = 30°C

R-Flex ST

Surface temperature > Dew point temperature

No Condensation!

Thickness =9mm

Ts = 24.1°C > Td = 22.8°C

Tube

diameter =

25.4 mmMinimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

HVAC Ins. 29

Factors Affecting the Dew Point

• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )

• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )

• Medium Temperature (Tm = °C )

HVAC Ins. 30What is Relative Humidity?

HVAC Ins. 31Parameters of Condensation

• Ambient Temperature ( Ta = °C )

• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )

• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )• medium temperature ( Tm = °C )

• Air flow

• The heat transfer coefficient ( α )

• Thermal Conductivity ( λ )

• Water vapour diffusion resistance coefficient ( µ )

HVAC Ins. 32

Parameters of Condensation.1

Factors Affecting the Dew Point

• Ambient temperature ( T = °C )• Ambient temperature ( Ta = °C )

• Relative Humidity ( φ = % )

HVAC Ins. 33

αααα = Heat Transfer Coefficient of

the Surface

Parameters of Condensation.2

It is being changed according to

the material structure

HVAC Ins.

1) If no thermal insulation is applied,

2) If an ınsufficient thermal ınsulation thickness is applied,

Condensation on the Surface !

34How does condensation happens

3) Sufficient thermal insulation thickness

3.1 Thermal insulation material with a low µ value

Condensation within the Insulation Material !

3.2 Thermal insulation material with a high µ value

No Condensation !

HVAC Ins. 351- If no thermal insulation is applied

Ts = 6.1°C

Tm = 6°C

φ = % 65

Td = 22.8°C

Ta = 30°C

Tube

Ts = 6.1°C < Td = 22.8°C

Condensation on the SURFACE !

Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

Tube

diameter =

25.4 mm

HVAC Ins. 36

18Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa

2- If an ınsufficient thermal

ınsulation thickness is applied

Ts = 21.3°C

Tm = 6°C

φ = % 65

Td = 22.8°C

Ta = 30°C

R-Flex ST

Thickness =6 mm

Ts = 21.3°C < Td = 22.8°C

Condensation on the SURFACE !

Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

R-Flex ST

Tube

diameter =

25.4 mm

HVAC Ins. 37

2.1 If an ınsufficient thermal

ınsulation thickness is applied

HVAC Ins.

Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa

38

Ts = 23.6°C

3.1- Sufficient thermal insulation

thickness

Tm = 6°C

φ = % 65

Td = 22.8°C

Ta = 30°C

Tube

Thickness =6 mm

Ts = 23.6°C > Td = 22.8°C

Thermal insulation material with a low µ value

Condensation within the Insulation Material !

Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

Tube

diameter =

25.4 mm

HVAC Ins.

Isı Yalıtımı Yapılmazsa

39

Ts = 23.6°C

3.2- Sufficient thermal insulation

thickness

Tm = 6°C

φ = % 65

Td = 22.8°C

Ta = 30°C

R-Flex ST

kalınlık=9 mm

Ts = 23.6°C > Td = 22.8°C

Thermal insulation material with a high µ valueNo Condensation ! (a diffusion tight application is a must !)

Minimum insulation thickness = 7.6 mm

R-Flex ST

Tube

diameter =

25.4 mm

HVAC Ins. 40.1Precautions against Condensation

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material, 1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,

3) have a sufficient µ value,

4) apply a diffusion tight application.

HVAC Ins.

Precautions against Condensation

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

40.2

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,

3) have a sufficient µ value,

4) apply a diffusion tight application.

HVAC Ins.Precautions against Condensation

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

40.3

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,

3) have a sufficient µ value,

4) apply a diffusion tight application.

HVAC Ins.Precautions against Condensation

To prevent condensation ; We should

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

40.4

1) choose the right thermal insulation material,

2) calculate the right insulation thickness,

3) have a sufficient µ value,

4) apply a diffusion tight application.

HVAC Ins.

•Glass Wool

•FEF

Warm Lines Heating LinesCold Lines

•Glass Wool

•Polyethylene

•Glass Wool

•Stonewool

Recommendation in HVAC Applications41

•FEF •Polyethylene

•FEF

•Stonewool

•FEF

•Cellular Glass

•Ceramic Wool

Cold Lines (Below 6C)

Heating Lines (Above 100C)

HVAC Ins.

GLASSWOOL42

HVAC Ins.

Produced with the transformation of silica sand into fiber

by melting in high temperature

43GLASSWOOL

•

Thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, fire safety purposes

HVAC Ins.

GLASSWOOL

Production Plant44

HVAC Ins.

� Board,

�Blanket,

The Range of Product45

� Prefabricated Pipe

HVAC Ins.

The Lamination Types of

Glasswool46

*YGT1-YGT2 *BGT1-BGT2

yellow glasswool faced black glasswool faced

HVAC Ins.

The Lamination Types of

Glasswool47

* FS *AGC

aluminium foil faced alu glass faced

HVAC Ins.

� EN 13162

Quality Certificates48

HVAC Ins.

� European Certificate

Quality Certificates49

HVAC Ins.

Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,040 W/ mK

Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient(µ) :1,1

λλλλ (W/mK)

HOT

T1

COLD

T2

1m

Technical Requirements50

Fire Classification: TS EN 13501-1→ A1

Temperature range: -50°C ― +250°C

Density: 12-100 kg/m3

HVAC Ins.

HVAC Insulation with Glasswool51

HVAC Ins.

• one side is covered with alu foil

• Density : 24 kg/m3

52

HVAC Blanket

• Usage area :

• Insulation of ventilation ducts from outside

• Insulation of air conditioning ducts from outside

HVAC Ins.

• one side is covered with alu foil

• Density : 50 kg/m3

HVAC Board53

• Usage area :

• air ducts insulation

• boiler rooms and generator rooms

HVAC Ins.

Used as thermal insulator and

reflector behind sources of

heat such as radiators,

54

Radiator Panel

heat such as radiators,

stoves and ovens

HVAC Ins.

• none or alu foil covered

• Density : 60-100 kg/m3

Prefabricated Pipe55

• Usage area :

•Radiator and central heating systems

• Solar energy systems

Thermal

FEF- Elastomeric Rubber Foam56

ThermalFEF- Product Range

57

HVAC Ins.

Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 0,036 W/ mK (0°C)

Water vapour Diffusion Resistance Coefficient: µ ≥ 7000

λλλλ (W/mK)

HOT

T1

COLD

T2

1m

Technical Requirements58

Fire Classification: EN 13501 ( B-s3-d0)

Temperature range: -200°C ― +116°C

Water Absorption: %0,4

HVAC Ins. 594.3 Diffusion Tight Applications

HVAC Ins. 604.4 Diffusion Tight Applications

HVAC Ins.

Valves and Accessories

61

Insulation

HVAC Ins.

68

No command

62

HVAC Ins.

69

No command

63

HVAC Ins.

Solution : Valve Jackets

64

HVAC Ins.

Applications

65

71

HVAC Ins.

Applications

66

72

HVAC Ins.

Applications

67

HVAC Ins.

Applications

68

HVAC Ins.

Thanks For

Your Attention!Your Attention!

Q & A