Post on 12-Jan-2016
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Rob Horner, Steve Newton, & Anne ToddUniversity of Oregon
Bob Algozzine & Kate AlgozzineUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte
Workshop ObjectivesIdentify problems in terms of differences
between…Your school’s average Major ODRs/ Minors per
school day per month and the national averageYour school’s average Major ODRs/ Minors per
school day per month for this year and for corresponding months of the previous year
A desirable trend and an undesirable trend
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Workshop ObjectivesDefine and clarify problems using SWIS data
(ODRs by problem behavior, time, location, & student)
Determine what SWIS Custom Reports are needed to confirm/disconfirm your inferences
Write a precise problem statement that incorporates information about what, when, where, & who
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Workshop ObjectivesDevelop a hypothesis about why problem is
occurring, & write hypothesis statement on P-S Action Plan Discuss and select solutions to problem, &
write solution actions on P-S Action Plan
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Workshop ObjectivesWrite P-S Action Plan items for team-
identified problems, including measurable Goals
Calculate baseline & solution rates for problems
Monitor progress at…Completing tasks listed in Meeting MinutesSolving problems listed in P-S Action Plan
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Themes & AssumptionsDecision making is aided by access to data (“data-
based decision making”- DBDM)PBIS Team meetings are a major context for
DBDMProviding instruction on how to embed DBDM in a
problem-solving model (TIPS) will result in problem solving that is ThoroughLogicalEfficientEffective
Structure of meetings lays foundation for efficiency and effectiveness
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Identify Problems
—John Gardner
People aren’t tired from solving problems – they’re are tired from solving the same problem over and over.
CollectCollect and Useand Use
DataData
DevelopHypothesis
Discuss andSelect
SolutionsDevelop andImplementAction Plan
Evaluate andRevise
Action Plan.
Problem Solving Meeting Foundations
Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Model
Identify Problems
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Organizing Discipline Referral (SWIS)Data for Decision-makingUniversal Screening Tool
Proportion of students with 0-1 Office Discipline Referrals (ODRs) 2-5 ODRs 6+ ODRs
Progress Monitoring Tool Compare data across time
Prevent previous problem patterns Define Problems with precision that lead to
solvable problemsNewton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Using the Referrals by Student report as a Universal Screening Tool
0
10
20
Num
ber
of R
efe
rrals
per
Stu
dent
StudentsNewton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Cu
mu
lati
ve M
ean
OD
Rs
Cumulative Mean ODRs Per Month for 325+ Elementary Schools 08-09
Jennifer Frank, Kent McIntosh, Seth May
~80% of Students
~15%
~5%
0-1 office discipline referral
6+ office discipline referrals
2-5 office discipline referrals
Using office discipline referrals as a metric for universal screening of student social behavior
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Using ODRs to Identify ProblemsBuild a picture for the pattern of office
referrals in your school.
Compare the picture with a national average
Compare the picture with previous years
Compare the picture with social standards of faculty, families, students.
Goal
1. Identify problems empirically2. Identify problems early3. Identify problems in a manner
that leads to problem solving not just whining
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Problems & Problem SolvingPBIS Teams focus on social and academic
problemsProblem – Difference between
expected/desired student behavior & current student behavior
Problem identification - Finding a difference & making decision about whether it is significant enough to require team action now
Problem solving – Figuring out how to eliminate or reduce difference
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Tot
al O
ffic
e D
isci
plin
e R
efer
rals
Total Office Discipline Referrals as of January 10
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Change Report OptionsChange Report Options1.41.82.72.52.753.4900.000
What do you think?
SWIS summary 2008-2009 (Majors Only)3,410 schools; 1,737,432 students; 1,500,770 ODRs
Grade Range
Number of Schools
Avg. Enrollment per school
National Avg. for Major ODRs per 100 students, per school day
K-6 2,162 450 .34 = about 1 Major ODR every 3 school days, or about 34 every 100 days
6-9 602 657 .85 = a little less than 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 85 every 100 days
9-12 215 887 1.27 = more than 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 127 every 100 days
K-
(8-12)
431 408 1.06 = about 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 106 every 100 days
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Comparing a Specific Elementary School to the National Average
Grade Range
Number of Schools
Avg. Enrollment per school
National Avg. for Major ODRs per 100 students, per school day
K-6 2,162 450 .34 = about 1 Major ODR every 3 school days, or about 34 every 100 days
If your elementary school has 150 students, it has ____ times more than 100 students? (150/100 = 1.5 times more)
So you might expect Major ODRs per school day to be about 1.5 times greater than .34 (1.5 X .34 = 0.51 ODRs per school day, for a school with 150 students)
Now compare school’s Major ODRs per school day per month against national average of 0.51 ODRs per school day per month for elementary school with 150 students. Judge whether difference is significant enough to be a problem. Let’s take a look…
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Ave R
efe
rrals
per
Day
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year
Elementary School with 150 StudentsCompare with National Average
150 / 100 = 1.50 1.50 X .34 = .51
Our school is above the national rate for ODRs for the past seven months. We have an increasing trend
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Ave R
efe
rrals
per
Day
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year
Elementary School with 450 Students
Compare with National Average
450 / 100 = 4.50 4.50 X .34 = 1.53
Our school is below the national average for schools our size AND we have an increasing
trend for the past seven months
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Phoenix Elementary enrollment: 265 265/100 = 2.65 (2.65 x .34 = .901)
Our rates of
problem behavior are above
the national
average for 8 of past 10 months, almost
double the number from last year, and
there is an increasing
trend from
November – April
Now, What do you Think?Elementary School of 350 students
Compare with national average: Elementary School
350/100 = 3.5 3.5 X .34 = 1.19
Comparing a Specific Middle School to the National Average
Grade Range
Number of Schools
Avg. Enrollment per school
National Avg. for Major ODRs per 100 students, per school day
6-9 602 657 .85 = a little less than 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 85 every 100 days
If your middle school has 600 students, it has ____ times more than 100 students?
(600/100 = 6 times more)
So you might expect Major ODRs per school day to be about 6 times greater than .85
(6 X .85 = 5.1 ODRs per school day, for a school with 600 students)
Now compare school’s Major ODRs per school day per month against national average of 5.1 ODRs per school day per month for middle school with 600 students. Judge whether difference is significant enough to be a problem. Let’s take a look…Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June
# p
er
day p
er
100 s
tud
en
ts
Office Discipline Referrals per Day per Month per 100 Students
Application Activity: Absolute ValueIs there a Problem?
Middle School of 625 students?Compare with national average: Middle School
625/100 = 6.25 6.25 X .85 = 5.31
O
ffic
e D
isci
plin
e R
efer
rals
per
Sch
ool D
ayWe are above the national
average every month this year. we had an increasing trend for
the first 7 months and a downward trend the last three
months
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
0
5
10
15
20
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Avg
. OD
Rs
Per
Sch
oo
l Day
School Months
School Avg.
School Avg.
Middle School 550 students (5.5 X .85 = 4.67)
We have an increasing
trend in the rate of problem
behavior for the past 5
months. The past two
months we have had twice
the rate of problem
behavior for schools our
size.
Now, What do you Think?Middle School of 600 students
Compare with national average: Middle School
600/100 = 6 6 X .85 = 5.1
0
5
10
15
20 A
ve R
efe
rrals
per
Day
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year
High School of 550 studentsHigh School: Compare with National Average
550 / 100 = 5.5 5.5 X 1.27= 6.98
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Our rates of problem behavior are above the national average for a school our size for 8 of past 10 months. Peak
problems in Dec & March
0
5
10
15
20 A
ve R
efe
rrals
per
Day
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year
High School of 1500 students
High School: Compare with National Average
1500 / 100 = 15 15 X 1.27= 19.05
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Our rate of problem behavior is below the national average for a
school our size, however, we have
peaks of problems in Dec & March
0
5
10
15
20
Ave R
efe
rrals
per
Day
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast Year and This Year
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
High School 623 Students (6.2 X 1.27 = 7.87)We have an increase in problem behavior the
past two months, paralleling last years
trendLast year we had peaks of problem incidents in
Dec and March.
0
5
10
15
20
Ave R
efe
rrals
per
Day
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast Year and This Year
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
High School 623 Students (6.2 X 1.27 = 7.87)
Our rates of problem behavior are below the national average for a
school our size for 10 of past 10 months.
Activity #1 How many students does your school have?
_____Your school has _____ times more than 100
studentsSo, you might expect your Major ODRs per school
day to be about _____ times greater than .34 /.85 /1.27
____ X .34 or .85 or 1.27 = ____ Major ODRs per school day
Record the absolute values on your TIPS worksheet
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Accessing Data through SWISAverage Referrals per Day per
Month
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Finding Differences(Identifying Trends of the Problem)
Look for Difference Between…A “desirable” trend - Major ODRs per school
day per month are decreasing, or are flat at an acceptable level, and
An “undesirable” trend – Major ODRs per school day per month are increasing, or are flat at an unacceptable level
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Here’s an Elementary School with 200 StudentsIs There a Problem? How About the Trend?
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Ave
rag
e R
efer
rals
Per
Day
School Avg. National Avg. = 0.68
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
2 X .34 = .68
Our rates of problem behavior
are below the national average for a school our size. We have an increasing trend during the past
five months
This Middle School has 600 StudentsIs there a problem?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
School Months
Ave
rag
e R
efer
rals
Per
Day
School Avg. National Avg. = 5.10
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
6 X .85 = 5.15
Our rates of problem behavior are above the
national average for schools our size. There
was an increasing trend the first 7
months of school year and a decreasing trend for last three months
Activity #2Use the 09-10 or 10-11 SWIS data summary
to determine if you have a problem with majors onlyaverage Major ODRs per school day for all the
months of this school year, AND the average Major ODRs per school day for all the months of the previous school year
Draw the line on your graph to show the rate per 100 students per day
Develop a verbal statement about these data to answer Do you have a problem? Do we have trends?
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
What About… Minors Only?You can use the data on the next slide to
figure out how your school is doing compared against the national average for…
Minors per school day
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
SWIS summary 2008-2009 (Minors Only)2,582 schools; 1,283,526 students; 1,018,726 ODRsGrade Range
Number of Schools
Avg. Enrollment per school
National Avg. for Minor ODRs per 100 students, per school day
K-6 1,655 444 .47 = a little less than 1 Minor ODR every 2 school days, or about 47 every 100 days
6-9 436 647 .74 = less than 1 Minor ODR per school day, or about 74 every 100 days
9-12 149 820 1.61 = more than 1 Minor ODR per school day, or about 161 every 100 days
K-
(8-12)
342 416 1.02 = about 1 Minor ODR per school day, or about 102 every 100 days
Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.
Activity #3How many students does your school have? _____Your school has _____ times more than 100 studentsSo, you might expect your Minors per school day to be about
_____ times greater than .47 / .74 / 1.61_____ X .47 or .74 or 1.61 = _____ Minors per school dayHow is your school doing compared against national average
for Minors per school day for an elem/MS/HS of your enrollment size?
Use your SWIS data summary to draw in the line for the national average.
Develop a verbal statement about these data to answer Do you have a problem? Do we have trends?
Record a statement about the data on your TIPS worksheetNewton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.