Post on 24-Nov-2015
description
FACULTY OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ANDSTRUCTURALENGINEERINGIr. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K. Rahmat
TASK 4VIDEO SENSORSDONE BYMOHANAD JAAFAR TALIB P71085
Asmart cameraorintelligent camerais a vision system which, in addition to image capture circuitry, is capable of extracting application-specific information from the captured images, along with generating event descriptions or making decisions that are used in an intelligent and automated system.A smart camera is a self-contained, standalone vision system with built-in image sensor in the housing of an industrial video camera. It contains all necessary communication interfaces, e.g. Ethernet, as well as industry-proof 24V I/O lines for connection to aprogrammable logic controller, actuators, relays or pneumatic valves. It is not necessarily larger than an industrial or surveillance camera. A capability inmachine vision generally means a degree of development such that these capabilities are ready for use on individual applications. This architecture has the advantage of a more compact volume compared to PC-based vision systems and often achieves lower cost, at the expense of a somewhat simpler (or omitted)user interfaceIntelligent visual surveillance systems deal with the real-time monitoring of persistent and transient objects within a specific environment. The primary aims of these systems are to provide an automatic interpretation of scenes and to understand and predict the actions and interactions of the observed objects based on the information acquired by sensors. Smart Cameras are becoming more popular in Intelligent Surveillance Systems area. Smart cameras are cameras that can perform tasks far beyond simply taking photos and recording videos. Thanks to the purposely built-in intelligent image processing andpatternRecognitionalgorithms, smartcamerascandetectmotion,measureobjects,read vehicle number plates, and even recognize human behaviors.The important differences between a smart camera and normal cameras, such as consumer digital cameras and camcorders, lie in two aspects. The first is in camera system architecture. A smart camera usually has a special image processing unit containing one or more high performance microprocessors to run intelligent ASIPalgorithms, in which the primary objective is not to improve images quality but to extract information and knowledge from images. The image processing hardware in normal cameras is usually simpler and less powerful with the main aim being to achieve good visual image quality. The other main difference is in the primary camera output. A smart camera outputs either the features extracted from the captured images or a high-level description of the scene, which is fed into an automated control system, while for normal cameras the primary output is the processed version of the captured images for human consumption. For this reason, normal video cameras have large output bandwidth requirements (in direct proportion to the resolution of the image sensor used), while smart camera can have very low data bandwidth requirements at the output (it can be just onebit inthe simplestcase,with 1meaningthereis motionand0 meaning thereis no motion,.
BackgroundClosed circuit traffic monitoring was the prime means for collecting and studying road traffic data through the mid to late 1990s, according to the official government website for the city of Murfreesboro, US. CCTV software included the connection of miles ofoptical cable and CCTV cameras. The data captured by the cameras was then transmittedback toacentralserver. Softwareandhardwaretestsincludedfilmingroadtrafficoverset periods of time to assess traffic volume and vehicle speeds. While CCTV units are still used today, efficiency testing is often conducted to assess if cameras can obtain sewer drainage breakdowns and identifying broken intersection lights and signs. The CCTV System enables the Central Control operator to monitor the traffic flow along the expressway. This will help the operator to get an overview of the situation. If there is an emergency or any major congestion, the relevant authority can be immediately alerted.
CAMERADESCRIPTIONBENEFITAPPLICATION
AGD Systems -Traffic Information and Measurement Equipment*AGD offers a comprehensive range of detection products covering a wide range ofapplications in traffic and pedestrian control. The product range is targeted at reducing the costs ofproviding efficient inputs to traffic control and management systems. The latest advances in radar technology offer real time information on vehicle count and speed, occupancy and queues.*AGD also manufactures the most extensive range ofnearside signals for Puffin,ToucanandPegasus crossing strategies. A dedicated product selector is available on our website. *New technology*Field proven accuracyand reability*Cost-effective solution*Flexible design meets a variety of detection and surveillance application*Superior to other detection system*Vehicle detector*Junction control*Trafficdata control*Traveler information system*Journeytime(travel time)*Remote video surveillance system
TraficonTraficondetectorsprovidestandard traffic data(volume, speed, ...) whichcan be used for statisticalpurposes.*Automatic incidentdetectionFast detection of stoppedvehicles or wrong-waydrivers speeds upintervention and thus saveslives.*Flow monitoringCongestion within andthrough the largemetropolitan areas continuesto increase and limitmobility. Accuratelymonitoring the average flowspeed helps to distinguishdifferent levels of service (e.g.fluid, dense, congested,queue). Other applicationsare queue monitoring duringroad-works and calculatingtravel time based on flowinformation from the VIPdetectors.
Automaticallygenerated alarms warnthe operators as soonas an incident takesplace and a maximumof information is given:typeseveritylocationrelevant trafficdata
combination of dataand images facilitatesverification of alarms.
Cost effectiveness
Technicalefficiencyand reliability*traffic dataacquisition
*automaticincidentdetection
*intersectionvehicle presencedetection*ramp metering*travel timecalculation*dynamic speedindication*queue tailmonitoring*congestionmonitoring*tunnel accesscontrol*ventilationcontrol*rerouting*VMS-control*dynamic queueindicationduring roadworks*dynamic laneopening orclosing
Samples of smart camera systems available:
Tattile offers a wide range of open products for the implementation of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Speed and red-light enforcement, automatic number-plate reading, free-flow tolling, access control, traffic analysis and surveillance and data communication tasks con be easily accomplished with our highly-integrated productsHere below an overview of our main products and solutions:
-ANPR SolutionsAll-in-one Automatic number plate readerThese models are all-in-one ANPR-systems combining in a small package several hardware components: camera, infrared lights and analyzer with built-in OCR (optical character recognition) software to perform automatic-plate reading.
A-VEGA ACCESS
FeaturesAll-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader30 frames per second capture rate60 km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range up to 8 embedded analyzer Ethernet/RS485/Digital I/OsRemote configuration and monitoring via web-browserTechnicalcharacteristics
Capture rate (frames per second)
30
Maximum vehicle speed
60km/h
Color contextcamera
-
Embedded analyzer+
Number-plate reader cameraCCD sensor1280x960 @ 30 fps
IR illumination3 high-power IR LEDs, 850 nm
OpticsC-mount lenses
Digital inputs1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs2 relay outputs
Ethernet10/100 Mbps
Serial portsRS485
Range / WidthRange: up to 8mWidth: up to 3.5m
Operating temperature-40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature-20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions123 x 109 x 400 mm
IP degree ofprotection
IP66
Power consumption24 VDC +/- 10%, 7 W
B- VEGA IIIFeaturesAll-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader30 frames per second capture rate150 km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range up to 25 embedded analyzerEthernet/RS485/Digital I/OsRemote configuration and monitoring via web-browserTypical applications :Road traffic monitoring Automated Parking Access control & security
Technical characteristic
Capture rate (frames per second)
30
Maximum vehicle speed150 KM/H
Color context camera-
Embedded analyzer+
Number-plate reader camera
CCD sensor1280x960 @ 30 fps
Color context camera-
IR illumination
6 high-power IR LEDs, 850nm
OpticsC-mount lenses
Digital inputs1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs2 relay outputsEthernet10/100 MbpsSerial portsRS485Range / WidthRange: up to 25mWidth: up to 3.5mOperating temperature-40 C to +55 CStorage temperature-20 C to +65 COverall dimensions144 x 135 x 470 mmIP degree of protectionIP66Power consumption24 VDC +/- 10%, 7 W
Ethernet10/100 Mbps
Serial portsRS485
Range / Width
Range: up to 25mWidth: up to 3.5m
Operating temperature-40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature-20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protectionIP66
Power consumption24 VDC +/- 10%, 7 W
C-VEGA HD
FeaturesAll-in-one Automatic Number Plate reader75 frames per second capture rate250 km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range from 12 to 25mEmbedded analyzerEthernet/RS485/Digital I/OsRemote configuration and monitoring via web-browserTypical applications :free-flow tolling Road traffic monitoring
Technical characteristics
Capture rate (frames per second)75
Maximum vehicle speed250 km/h
Color context camera-
Embedded analyzer+
Number-plate reader cameraCMOS sensor2560x2048 @ 75 fps
Color context camera-
IR illumination
6high-powerIRLEDs,850nm
OpticsC-mount lenses
Digital inputs1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs
1 relay output1 strobe output
Ethernet10/100 Mbps
Serial portsRS485
Range / Width
Range: up to 25mWidth: up to 7.5m
Operating temperature-40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature-20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protectionIP66
Power consumption
VEGA 2HD
FeaturesAll-in-one Automatic Number Plate readerIntegrated color context camera75 frames per second capture rate250 km/h Maximum vehicle speed Range from 12 to 25mEmbedded analyzerEthernet/RS485/Digital I/Os Remote configuration and monitoring via web-browser
Typical applications :free-flow tolling Road traffic monitoring
Technical characteristics
Capture rate (frames per second)75
Maximum vehicle speed250 km/h
Color context camera+
Embedded analyzer+
Number-plate reader cameraCMOS sensor2560x2048 @ 75 fps
Color context cameraCMOS sensor2560x2048
IR illumination6 high-power IR LEDs, 850nm
OpticsC-mount lenses
Digital inputs1 input optoisolated
Digital outputs1 relay output1 strobe output
Ethernet10/100 Mbps
Serial portsRS485
Range / WidthRange: up to 25mWidth: up to 7.5m
Operating temperature-40 C to +55 C
Storage temperature-20 C to +65 C
Overall dimensions144 x 135 x 470 mm
IP degree of protectionIP66
Power consumption24 VDC +/- 10%, 18 W
RIGEL
FeaturesTraffic Jam detection Stopped Vehicle Detection (AID)Wrong Way Vehicle detection Smoke & Fire detection Vehicles Counting & Classification Average Speed Evaluation Statistic Reports Obscuring DetectionMPEG4 Multicast video steaming High Resolution JPEG Event/Alarm torageConnectivity:GigaEthernet,FiberOptics,PowerLine,WirelessandCellularNetworksTypical applications:Embedded all-in-one traffic monitoring systems with on-board analysis
Red LightEnforcementRED LIGHT 2L
Typical applications :ANPR Light enforcement by image analysis
FEATURES
Trafficlighteitherbyimageanalysisor wired traffic lightsignals AllinOne:monochrome andcoloursensor, OCR on Board, IR illuminator Web server configuration and setup Real time processing: up to 75 fpsEthernet, digital I/O Waterproof IP66 housing with included bracket GPS integrated External illumination for context imagesTwo versions: single and double lanes
Technical features
Camera2560x2048CMOS sensors
Grabbingupto75fps
ConnectionEthernet,I /Odigital, porta seriale RS485
Dimensions144x135x470mm
Weight5kg
Models
VEGA2HDF01447
Optional
Flash/LEDexternalilluminator(on request)
Gatso Meter Speed Cameras
Gatso speed cameras use radar technology and as they can be used as fixed speed cameras, fixed upon tripods, used inside moving police vehicles and in-car mobile police units, they are extremely convenient for local authorities and police forces across the UK. Because of this, they account for 90%of our fixed speed cameras. Costing approximately 20,000 per camera - or 40,000 in rural locations due to the need for a 240v power supply, the fixed Gatso cameras can take up to 400 pictures before the film runs out, and are rear-facing. They are designed this way so that when the camera flashes at a speeding motorist, it doesn't blind them and cause an accident. However this means that you often don't see a Gatso camera until the very last minute- which makes sure that the camera pays for itself relatively quickly. Often you'll find two Gatosspointing in opposite directions, to catch motorists traveling either way. Annoyingly, they are clever little machines which can distinguish between different sizes of vehicles and can also enforce separate speeding limits - e.g. on roads where cars and vans are allowed to drive at 60mph, but HGVs are restricted to 40mph, it will be able to tell which is which, and enforce the limits accordingly
Truvelo Speed Cameras
Truvelo system is steadily becoming more common and some parts of the UK nowpredominantlyusethistypeofcamera.ThreewhitelinesarepaintedjustaheadoftheTruvelo camera and there are strips in the road that register the speed of the passing vehicle and trigger the camera. By using an infra-red flash, the Truvelo camera avoids the flash that the rear Gatso cameras produce when a photograph is taken. This means that the driver doesn't see a flash but the camera can take a photograph of the driver, as well as the front of the vehicle.
SPECS CamerasSPECS work in conjunction with the Automatic Number Plate Reading (ANPR)technology. These are the cameras that you often see fixed to gantries towering overmotorways or larger roads. You might also see them on central reservations or on the road side. They are fitted with infra red illuminators and are only ever seen in groups of 2 or more. The groups of cameras are fixed at separate locations and work together to establish the average speed a vehicle is traveling at - by working out how long it took it to travelbetween each cameraposition. When acar goes past thefirst and last cameras (and any inbetween),thenumberplatedetailsarerecordeddigitally
SMART CAMERA: It uses radar and laser-based technology, and has a flash that cannot be seen by the human eye. It uses radar and laser-based technology, and has a flash that cannot be seen by the human eye. It is being tested at Ngauranga Gorge with a viewto extending the technology to other high-risk speeding sites. Police insist the switch todigital is not a revenue-gathering exercise, but rather a move to a more efficient and cost-effective system.
Speed cameras are a smart deterrent, a smart deterrent that will reduce speeding,improve enforcement and, most importantly, save lives.Red light cameras have clearly done their job and anti-speeding cameras would clearly be effective .In most parts of New York City, the speed limit is30 miles-per-hour.
TYPICAL APPLICDATIONS:Cameras have allowed the city to dip into the pockets of drivers who run red lightsand now there is growing political momentum to use them to punish speeders.