ASP.NET MVChttp://www.asp.net/mvc

Scott Guthriescottgu@microsoft.comhttp://weblogs.asp.net/

scottgu

ASP.NET MVCA new option for ASP.NETEasily testable and TDD friendly“Closer to the Metal” option

HTTP programming model surfacedMore control over <html/> and URLs

Not for everyone (car vs. motorcycle)

Lots of WebForms improvements coming

GoalsMaintain Clean Separation of Concerns

Enable highly maintainable applications

Enable Easy Unit TestingSupport Red/Green TDD

Extensible and PluggableSupport replacing any component of system

GoalsEnable clean URLs and HTML

SEO and REST friendly URL structures

Great integration within ASP.NETAll the same providers still workMembership, Session, Caching, etc.

Current StatusASP.NET MVC Preview 5 Currently Out

Beta release in a few weeks

Final V1 by end of the year

Production Deployment Supported Now

MVCModel

ControllerView

How ASP.NET MVC WorksBrowser Web

Serverhttp://myserver.com/Products/

ProductsController(Controller)

Product(Model) SQL

Edit.aspx

(View)

http://myserver.com/Products/Edit/5

List.aspx

(View)ViewData

DemoBuilding a Product Catalog

Understanding Form Interactions

ProductsController

(Controller)

GET: /Products/Edit/5

Product(Model) SQL

POST: /Products/Edit/5

URL:

DemoHandling Updates

Filter AttributesEnable custom behavior to be added to Controllers and Controller actionsExamples:

[OutputCache][Authorize][HandleError]

DemoAttributes

Custom URL RoutingCan setup custom URL routing rules within the RegisterRoutes() method in Global.asaxEnables very flexible mapping and route rules:

Default parametersConstraintsNamed routesWildcard “catch-all” routes

DemoCustom Routing

AJAX HelpersBuilt-in AJAX helper object within views

Ajax.Form()Ajax.ActionLink()Ajax.RouteLink()

Automatically emit client-side JavaScript

Use ASP.NET AJAX library by defaultPluggable to use jQuery, Prototype, or other AJAX libraries as well

More Extensibility GoodnessCustom Route RulesController FactoriesCustom IController implementationsCustom View Engines

SummaryA new option for ASP.NET.More control over your <html/> and URLsMore easily testable approachNot for everyone – only use it if you want toShipping later this year

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Interfaces and TestingMockable Intrinsics

HttpContextBase, HttpResponseBase, HttpRequestBase

Extensibility IControllerIControllerFactoryIRouteHandlerViewEngineBase

Testing Controller ActionsNo requirement to test within ASP.NET runtime.

Can mock parts of runtime you want to fake[TestMethod]public void ShowPostsDisplayPostView() { BlogController controller = new BlogController(…); var result = controller.ShowPost(2) as ViewResult;

Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.AreEqual(result.ViewData[“Message”], “Hello”);}

Common QuestionsShould I use WebForms or MVC?Difference between MVC and MVP?Do I have to write <%= %> code in my view?What about AJAX?How fast/scalable is it?When will it ship?

Even More Detail – Request Flow• You can futz at each step

in the processRequest

ExtensibilityViewsControllersModelsRoutes

…are all Pluggable

ViewEngineBaseView Engines render outputYou get WebForms by defaultCan implement your own

MVCContrib has ones for Brail, NvelocityNHaml is an interesting one to watch

View Engines can be used toOffer new DSLs to make HTML easierGenerate totally different mime/types

Images, RSS, JSON, XML, OFX, VCards, whatever.

View Engine Base ClassViewEngineBase

public abstract class ViewEngineBase { public abstract void RenderView(ViewContext

viewContext); }

NHaml – Extreme Custom Views<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master"

AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="List.aspx"

Inherits="MvcApplication5.Views.Products.List" Title="Products" %><asp:Content ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContentPlaceHolder"

runat="server"> <h2><%= ViewData.CategoryName %></h2> <ul> <% foreach (var product in ViewData.Products) { %> <li> <%= product.ProductName %> <div class="editlink"> (<%= Html.ActionLink("Edit", new { Action="Edit",

ID=product.ProductID })%>) </div> </li> <% } %> </ul> <%= Html.ActionLink("Add New Product", new { Action="New" }) %></asp:Content>

NHaml – Extreme Custom Views%h2= ViewData.CategoryName

%ul - foreach (var product in ViewData.Products)

%li = product.ProductName .editlink = Html.ActionLink("Edit", new { Action="Edit", ID=product.ProductID }) = Html.ActionLink("Add New Product", new { Action="New" })

APPENDIXMVC

ControllerBase Controller Class

Basic Functionality most folks will useIController Interface

Ultimate Control for the Control FreakIControllerFactory

For plugging in your own stuff (IOC, etc)

Basic Controller HandlingScenarios, Goals and Design

URLs route to controller “actions”, not pages – mark actions in Controller.Controller executes logic, chooses view.All public methods are accessible

public void ShowPost(int id) { Post p = PostRepository.GetPostById(id); if (p != null) { RenderView("showpost", p); } else { RenderView("nosuchpost", id); }}

Controller Base Classpublic class Controller : IController { … protected virtual void Execute(ControllerContext

controllerContext); protected virtual void HandleUnknownAction(string

actionName); protected virtual bool InvokeAction(string actionName); protected virtual void InvokeActionMethod(MethodInfo

methodInfo); protected virtual bool OnError(string actionName, MethodInfo methodInfo, Exception exception); protected virtual void

OnActionExecuted(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual bool OnActionExecuting(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual void RedirectToAction(object values); protected virtual void RenderView(string viewName, string masterName, object viewData);}

Controller – Regular APIspublic class Controller : IController { … protected virtual void Execute(ControllerContext

controllerContext); protected virtual void HandleUnknownAction(string

actionName); protected virtual bool InvokeAction(string actionName); protected virtual void InvokeActionMethod(MethodInfo

methodInfo); protected virtual bool OnError(string actionName, MethodInfo methodInfo, Exception exception); protected virtual void

OnActionExecuted(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual bool OnActionExecuting(FilterExecutedContext filterContext); protected virtual void RedirectToAction(object values);

protected virtual void RenderView(string viewName, string masterName, object viewData);}

Controller – Customization APIspublic class Controller : IController { … protected virtual void Execute(ControllerContext

controllerContext); protected virtual void HandleUnknownAction(string

actionName); protected virtual bool InvokeAction(string actionName); protected virtual void InvokeActionMethod(MethodInfo

methodInfo); protected virtual bool OnError(string actionName, MethodInfo methodInfo, Exception exception); protected virtual void

OnActionExecuted(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual bool OnActionExecuting(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual void RedirectToAction(object values); protected virtual void RenderView(string viewName, string masterName, object viewData);}

Controller – Test Hooks public class Controller : IController { … protected virtual void Execute(ControllerContext

controllerContext); protected virtual void HandleUnknownAction(string

actionName); protected virtual bool InvokeAction(string actionName); protected virtual void InvokeActionMethod(MethodInfo

methodInfo); protected virtual bool OnError(string actionName, MethodInfo methodInfo, Exception exception); protected virtual void

OnActionExecuted(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual bool OnActionExecuting(FilterExecutedContext filterContext);

protected virtual void RedirectToAction(object values); protected virtual void RenderView(string viewName, string masterName, object viewData);}

Basic ViewsScenarios, Goals and Design:

Are for rendering/output. Pre-defined and extensible rendering helpers

Can use .ASPX, .ASCX, .MASTER, etc.Can replace with other view technologies:

Template engines (NVelocity, Brail, …).Output formats (images, RSS, JSON, …).Mock out for testing.

Controller sets data on the ViewLoosely typed or strongly typed data

ViewEngineBaseView Engines render outputYou get WebForms by defaultCan implement your own

MVCContrib has ones for Brail, NvelocityNHaml is an interesting one to watch

View Engines can be used toOffer new DSLs to make HTML easier to writeGenerate totally different mime/types

ImagesRSS, JSON, XML, OFX, etc.VCards, whatever.

View Engine Base ClassViewEngineBase

public abstract class ViewEngineBase { public abstract void RenderView(ViewContext

viewContext); }

NHaml – Extreme Custom Views<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master"

AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="List.aspx"

Inherits="MvcApplication5.Views.Products.List" Title="Products" %><asp:Content ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContentPlaceHolder"

runat="server"> <h2><%= ViewData.CategoryName %></h2> <ul> <% foreach (var product in ViewData.Products) { %> <li> <%= product.ProductName %> <div class="editlink"> (<%= Html.ActionLink("Edit", new { Action="Edit",

ID=product.ProductID })%>) </div> </li> <% } %> </ul> <%= Html.ActionLink("Add New Product", new { Action="New" }) %></asp:Content>

NHaml – Extreme Custom Views%h2= ViewData.CategoryName

%ul - foreach (var product in ViewData.Products)

%li = product.ProductName .editlink = Html.ActionLink("Edit", new { Action="Edit", ID=product.ProductID }) = Html.ActionLink("Add New Product", new { Action="New" })

Controller FactoryScenarios, Goals and Design:

Hook creation of controller instanceDependency Injection.Object Interception.

public interface IControllerFactory { IController CreateController(RequestContext context, string controllerName);}

protected void Application_Start(object s, EventArgs e) { ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory( typeof(MyControllerFactory));}

View EngineScenarios, Goals and Design:

Mock out views for testingReplace ASPX with other technologies

public interface IViewEngine { void RenderView(ViewContext context); }

Inside controller class: this.ViewEngine = new XmlViewEngine(...);

RenderView("foo", myData);