SYNDESMOLOGYSYNDESMOLOGY

An articulation or joint An articulation or joint (( articulationes = juncturae articulationes = juncturae ossium )= is formed by the union of ossium )= is formed by the union of two or more bones or cartilage by two or more bones or cartilage by other tissue ( fibrous, elastic or other tissue ( fibrous, elastic or combination).combination).

SYNOVIALIS / DIARTHROSISSYNOVIALIS / DIARTHROSIS

FACIES ARTICULARISFACIES ARTICULARIS → → FOSSA FOSSA

SYNOVIALISSYNOVIALIS (non articularis) (non articularis)

ARTICULAR CARTILAGARTICULAR CARTILAGEE

ARTICULARISARTICULARIS CAPSULE CAPSULE

LIGAMENTLIGAMENT

DISCUS & MENISCUSDISCUS & MENISCUS

MARGINAL CARTILAGEMARGINAL CARTILAGE

CAPSULA ARTICULARISCAPSULA ARTICULARIS

LIGAMENTUM CAPSULARIS or MEMBRANA FIBROSA LIGAMENTUM CAPSULARIS or MEMBRANA FIBROSA

→ EXTERNAL LAYER OF JOINT CAPSULE→ EXTERNAL LAYER OF JOINT CAPSULE

MEMBRANA SYNOVIALIS → INTERNAL LAYER OF MEMBRANA SYNOVIALIS → INTERNAL LAYER OF

JOINT CAPSULE :JOINT CAPSULE :

1. PLICAE SYNOVIALIS1. PLICAE SYNOVIALIS

2. VILLI SYNOVIALIS2. VILLI SYNOVIALIS

LIGAMENTLIGAMENT

EXTRACAPSULARIS INTRACAPSULARIS

LIG. COLLATERALIS LIG. INTEROSSEUS

Strong bands or membranes, usually compose of white fibrousStrong bands or membranes, usually compose of white fibroustissue, which bind the bones togethertissue, which bind the bones together

Type of Synsarcosis Type of Synsarcosis

It’s in the proximal cranial extremitiesIt’s in the proximal cranial extremities

Position between scapula bone with lateral Position between scapula bone with lateral wall of the thoraxwall of the thorax

Only be supported by tendon and muscles Only be supported by tendon and muscles

Especially in the tetrapedal animalsEspecially in the tetrapedal animals

ARTICULATIO HUMERIARTICULATIO HUMERI

Facies articularis : cavitas glenoidales os Facies articularis : cavitas glenoidales os

scapula et caput humeriscapula et caput humeri

On the margin of os scapula : labrum On the margin of os scapula : labrum

glenoidalesglenoidales

Membrana fibrosa is attached to labrum Membrana fibrosa is attached to labrum

glenoidales and caput humeriglenoidales and caput humeri

It has ligament glenohumeralis → from It has ligament glenohumeralis → from

tuberculum ossis scapula till tuberositas humerituberculum ossis scapula till tuberositas humeri

LABRUM GLENOIDALES

TENDON M. BICEPS BRACHII

BURSA BICIPITIS

M. ARTICULARIS

JOINT CAPSULE

LIG. GLENOHUMERALIS

From: supraglenoid tubercle and end on tuberosities of humerus.

““TENDONS” TENDONS” SURROUNDING SURROUNDING

SHOULDER JOINTSHOULDER JOINT LATERAL LATERAL M. SUPRASPINATUS, M. M. SUPRASPINATUS, M.

INFRASPINATUS, M. TERES MINORINFRASPINATUS, M. TERES MINOR CRANIAL CRANIAL M. SUBSCAPULARIS M. SUBSCAPULARIS MEDIAL MEDIAL M. BICEPS BRACHII M. BICEPS BRACHII CAUDAL CAUDAL M. TRICEPS BRACHII M. TRICEPS BRACHII VENTRAL VENTRAL M. BRACHIALIS M. BRACHIALIS

LIG. GLENOHUMERALIS

RETINACULUM HUMERALIS TRANSVERSARIUM

m. Biceps brachiim. Biceps brachii

The shallow, small glenoid cavity of scapula is increased in size andThe shallow, small glenoid cavity of scapula is increased in size anddeepened by deepened by glenoid lip glenoid lip ( labrum glenoidale).( labrum glenoidale).

DOG ANOTHER ANIMALS

ARTICULATIO CUBITIARTICULATIO CUBITI

ARTICULATIO HUMEROULNARISARTICULATIO HUMEROULNARIS

ARTICULATIO HUMERORADIALISARTICULATIO HUMERORADIALIS

ARTICULATIO RADIOULNARIS ARTICULATIO RADIOULNARIS

PARS PROXIMALISPARS PROXIMALIS

FACIES ARTICULARISFACIES ARTICULARIS

FACIES TROCHLEARIS FACIES TROCHLEARIS

OSSIS HUMERALISOSSIS HUMERALIS

FOVEA CAPITULARIS FOVEA CAPITULARIS

OSSIS RADIIOSSIS RADII

INCISSURA TROCHLEARIS INCISSURA TROCHLEARIS

OSSIS ULNAOSSIS ULNA

OLECRANON

TENDON

M. TRICEPS BRACHII

BURSA SYNOVIALIS

LIGAMENTUM COLLATERALIS MEDIALIS

LIGAMENTUM RADIOULNARE MEDIALIS

SPATIUM INTEROSSEUS

H

U

R

OS RADIUS ET ULNA SEPERATEOS RADIUS ET ULNA SEPERATE

PARS MEDIAL IS CONNECTED BY PARS MEDIAL IS CONNECTED BY

LIGAMENT INTEROSSEUS LIGAMENT INTEROSSEUS

ANTEBRACHIIANTEBRACHII

PROXIMAL AND DISTAL IS CONNECTED PROXIMAL AND DISTAL IS CONNECTED

BY MEMBRANA INTEROSSEUSBY MEMBRANA INTEROSSEUS

DOG & CATDOG & CAT

DOG & CAT

ARTICULATIO SACROILIACAARTICULATIO SACROILIACA

BETWEEN FACIES AURICULARIS BETWEEN FACIES AURICULARIS

ALAE OSSIS SACRUM & FACIES ALAE OSSIS SACRUM & FACIES

AURICULARIS OSSIS ILEUMAURICULARIS OSSIS ILEUM

IS MORE SYNCHONDROSIS THAIS MORE SYNCHONDROSIS THA

N SYNOVIALIS N SYNOVIALIS

NO JOINT CAPSULE WHICH IS TYPICAL NO JOINT CAPSULE WHICH IS TYPICAL

OF THE SYNOVIALISOF THE SYNOVIALIS

IT HAS FIBROCARTILAGO STRUCTURE IT HAS FIBROCARTILAGO STRUCTURE

WHICH CONNECT ILEUM AND OS WHICH CONNECT ILEUM AND OS

SACRUM SACRUM TYPICAL SYNCHONDROSIS TYPICAL SYNCHONDROSIS

LIG. SACROILIACA DORSALISLIG. SACROILIACA DORSALIS

LIG. SACRO-LIG. SACRO-TUBEROSUMTUBEROSUM

LIG. SACRO-LIG. SACRO-SPINOSUMSPINOSUM

FOR. ISCHIADICA FOR. ISCHIADICA MAJORMAJOR

FOR. ISCHIADICA MINORFOR. ISCHIADICA MINOR

LIG. INGUINALISLIG. INGUINALIS

LIG. ILIO LIG. ILIO PECTINEUSPECTINEUS

MEMBRANA OBTURATORIUSMEMBRANA OBTURATORIUS

SYMPHYSIS PELVISSYMPHYSIS PELVIS

LIG. PUBICUM CRANIALISLIG. PUBICUM CRANIALIS

LAMINA LAMINA FIBROCARTILAGFIBROCARTILAGO INTERCOXALEO INTERCOXALE

LIG. ISCHIADICUM ARCUATUMLIG. ISCHIADICUM ARCUATUM

ARTICULATIO COXAEARTICULATIO COXAE

LABRUM LABRUM ACETABULARISACETABULARIS

JOINT JOINT CAPSULECAPSULE

LIG. CAPITIS FEMORISLIG. CAPITIS FEMORIS

TENDON PREPUBICUMTENDON PREPUBICUM

LIG. ACETABULARIS LIG. ACETABULARIS TRANSVERSARIUSTRANSVERSARIUS

LIG. ACCESSORIUSLIG. ACCESSORIUS

LIG. CAPITIS LIG. CAPITIS FEMORISFEMORIS

ARTICULATIO GENUARTICULATIO GENU

1.1. ARTC. FEMOROPATELLARISARTC. FEMOROPATELLARIS

2.2. ARTC. FEMOROTIBIALISARTC. FEMOROTIBIALIS

3.3. ARTC. TIBIOFIBULARIS ARTC. TIBIOFIBULARIS

PROXIMALPROXIMAL

COMPOSE OF THREE TYPE OF JOINTS:COMPOSE OF THREE TYPE OF JOINTS:

LIG. CRUCIATUM CRAN.LIG. CRUCIATUM CRAN.

LIG. CRUCIATUM CAUD.LIG. CRUCIATUM CAUD.

LIG. MENISCOFEMORALISLIG. MENISCOFEMORALIS

ARTICULAR DISCS AND MENISCIARTICULAR DISCS AND MENISCI

These are plates of fibrocartilage or dense fibrous tissue places between the articular cartilages; they divide the joint cavity partially or completely into two compartments.

They render certain surfaces congruent, allow greater range or variety of movement and diminish concussion

FIBROCARTILAGO FIBROCARTILAGO PARAPATELLARIS PARAPATELLARIS

MEDIALISMEDIALIS

LIG. PATELLARISLIG. PATELLARIS

LIG. COLLATERALISLIG. COLLATERALIS

MEMBRANA MEMBRANA INTEROSSEUSINTEROSSEUS

LIGMENTUM LIGMENTUM MENISCOFEMORALISMENISCOFEMORALIS

LIG. CRUCIATUM LIG. CRUCIATUM CAUDALISCAUDALIS

TENDON M. TENDON M. POPLITEUSPOPLITEUS

LIG. MENISCUS LIG. MENISCUS MEDIALISMEDIALIS

LIG. CRUCIATUM LIG. CRUCIATUM CRANIALISCRANIALIS

LIG. CRUCIATUM LIG. CRUCIATUM CAUDALISCAUDALIS

LIG. MENISCO LIG. MENISCO FEMORALISFEMORALIS

BURSA BURSA INFRAPATELLARISINFRAPATELLARIS

CORPUS ADIPOSUM CORPUS ADIPOSUM INFRAPATELLARISINFRAPATELLARIS

LIG. CRUCIATUM LIG. CRUCIATUM CRANIALISCRANIALIS

LIG. CRUCIATUM LIG. CRUCIATUM CAUDALISCAUDALIS

LIG. PEMOROPATELLARISLIG. PEMOROPATELLARIS

TENDON TENDON EXTENSOR EXTENSOR MUSCLESMUSCLES

LIG.COLLATERALISLIG.COLLATERALIS

LIG. PATELLARISLIG. PATELLARIS

LIG. GENICULARIS LIG. GENICULARIS TRANSVERSARIUMTRANSVERSARIUM

CANALIS OBTURATORIUSCANALIS OBTURATORIUS

IS PASSED THROUGH BY :IS PASSED THROUGH BY :

1.1. N. OBTURATORIUSN. OBTURATORIUS

2.2. A. OBTURATORIUSA. OBTURATORIUS

3.3. V. OBTURATORIUSV. OBTURATORIUS

LACUNA MUSCULARISLACUNA MUSCULARIS

IS PASSED THROUGH IS PASSED THROUGH

BY :BY :

1.1. M. ILIOPSOASM. ILIOPSOAS

2.2. N. FEMORALISN. FEMORALIS

LACUNA VASCULARISLACUNA VASCULARIS

IS PASSED BY :IS PASSED BY :

1.1. A. FEMORALISA. FEMORALIS

2.2. V. FEMORALISV. FEMORALIS