Post on 30-Jun-2015
description
CDM methodologies for the agriculture sector
Rome, November 2014
Kenjiro Suzuki, Programme Officer,
Standard Setting Unit, SDM Programme, UNFCCC
• 160+ countries involved in the CDM • World’s only truly global GHG mitigation mechanism • To date, more than
a) 7,500 registered projects and 270 registered PoAs in 105 countries; b) 1.5 billion certified emission reductions (CERs) issued; c) 200 unique methodologies developed.
Introduction - CDM
Evolution of CDM: Programmes of Activities
Programmes of Activities (PoAs):
• A voluntary coordinated action by a private or public entity that coordinates and implements any policy/measure or stated goal, via an unlimited number of component project activities (like an “umbrella program”)
• 270 PoAs registered, 40% in Africa
• Benefits: a) Reduce transaction costs; b) Access to the CDM is extended to
smaller project activities; c) Emission reductions can be
continuously scaled up after PoA registration.
Evolution of CDM: Standardized Baselines
Standardized Baselines:
• A baseline established for a Party or a group of Parties to facilitate the calculation of ER and removals and/or the determination of additionality, while ensuring environmental integrity
• Standardization shifts the focus from project level to sectoral level.
• 6 approved, 17 under consideration, others being developed (e.g. PSB0019: Philippines Rice)
• Benefits: a) Reduce transaction costs; b) Enhance transparency, objectivity and predictability; c) Facilitate access to the CDM; d) Scale up the abatement of GHG emissions; e) Simplify MRV.
• Relevant to a number of mechanisms: result based financing such as CDM, NAMAs and future market mechanisms.
CDM benefits for Agriculture GHG mitigation projects
• Many of the measures aimed at reducing GHG emissions have other impacts (Co-benefits);
a) Increasing crop productivity and improve food security;
b) Supporting technology transfer; c) Reducing pollution and odour from
waste/wastewater, etc.
• Carbon credits are issued against performance – CDM offers a financial incentive to properly manage agricultural practices
CDM Methodologies for the Agriculture Sector
Type Sub-type Methodologies
GHG avoidance/destruction
Rice cultivation
AMS-III.AU (reduced CH4 by adjusted water management practice in rice cultivation)
Livestock AMS-III.BK (reduced CH4 by strategic feed supplementation for large ruminants)
Waste management
AMS-III.D, AMS-III.R, ACM0010, AM0073 (destruction of CH4 from animal manure) AMS-III.F and ACM0022 (Avoidance of CH4 through composting)…etc
Fertilizer AMS-III.BF (reduced N2O by use of Nitrogen Use Efficient seeds that require less fertilizer application) AMS-III.A (reduced CO2 by use of inoculant on legumes that displaces synthetic nitrogen fertilizers)
Mulching AMS-III.BE (reduced N2O and CH4 by mulching) Energy efficiency
AMS-II.P (energy efficient pumping) AMS-II.F (energy efficiency and fuel switching)
AMS-III.AU: Reduced CH4 in rice cultivation
• Option 1: Measurements (reference field approach) a) At least 3 reference fields to determine
baseline and project emission factor separately for each group of fields with the same cultivation pattern
b) Measurements done via closed chambers.
• To change the water regime during the cultivation period from continuously to intermittent flooded conditions and/or a shortened period of flooded conditions
• Option 2: Global default a) Use EFc = 1.30 [kgCH4/ha/day]
• Option 3: Country/region-specific factor a) Determine country-specific EFc
value [kgCH4/ha/day] through methane measurement
• Simplified approaches to calculate emission reductions using default values derived from IPCC Tier 1 approach.
AMS-III.AU: Reduced CH4 in rice cultivation
• Insufficient scientific evidence on effectiveness of a number of feed supplements to reduce enteric CH4 emissions (e.g. FAO(2013))
• Aim to improve animal production efficiency, i.e. to reduce emissions per unit of milk through strategic supplementation to large ruminants (i.e., cows and/or buffaloes).
a) Supplementation improves digestion and promotes increased productivity • Emission reductions a) Calculated: (EFb – EFp) x Project milk production; b) Emission factor is following IPCC approach:
• For Gross Energy (GE), stratified multi-stage cluster sampling is
required to collect data on type and quantity of feedstuff. • Methane conversion factor (Ym) taken from IPCC.
V4_10_Ch10,
2006 IPCC
AMS-III.BK: Strategic feed supplementation in smallholder dairy sector to increase productivity
CDM experience in MRV and the way forward
Experience in MRV • Proven MRV rules and processes (more than 200 methodologies including several agriculture methodologies) • Operational infrastructure established Future works • Top-down and bottom up development of methodologies in other promising area in the Agriculture sector • Simplification/standardization of methodologies and processes: a) Standardized baselines, taking into account national circumstances
(e.g. PSB0019: Philippines Rice) b) Simplified monitoring approach (e.g. Tiered approach) c) Simplified PoA regulations • Collaboration with Regional Collaboration Centers of UNFCCC • Collaboration with other UN organizations and WB to develop methodologies
Thank you