Post on 13-Jan-2016
description
Sustainable Production and Distribution of Bioenergy for the Central USA
Agro-ecosystem Approach to Sustainable Biofuels Production via the Pyrolysis-Biochar Platform (USDA-NIFA AFRI CAP)
Oil Prices
Source: EIA for history, NYMEX for future
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Population2011 2030 2050
(billion) (billion) (billion)World 6.946 World 8.323 World 9.441
China 1.337
India 1.461
India 1.657
India 1.189
China 1.391
China 1.304
U.S. 0.311 U.S. 0.366 U.S. 0.423Indonesia 0.246
Indonesia 0.289
Nigeria 0.402
Brazil 0.203 Nigeria 0.264
Indonesia 0.313
Pakistan 0.187
Pakistan 0.243 Pakistan 0.291
Nigeria 0.166
Brazil 0.240 Ethiopia 0.278
Bangladesh 0.159
Bangladesh 0.211
Brazil 0.261
Russia 0.139
Ethiopia 0.162 Bangladesh 0.250
Japan 0.127
Philippines 0.138 Philippines 0.172
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base
Liquid Fuel Usage2007 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
(Million Barrels Oil Equivalent per Day) (Percent of 2007 Value)
United States 20.6 98% 100% 102% 104% 107%
Canada 2.3 96% 96% 96% 100% 104%
Mexico 2.1 105% 110% 114% 129% 138%
Europe 15.3 92% 88% 88% 89% 90%
Japan 5.0 84% 86% 86% 84% 82%
China 7.6 132% 153% 178% 201% 222%
India 2.8 114% 129% 139% 154% 168%
Africa 3.1 113% 116% 126% 135% 148%
Central and South America 6.0 110% 112% 117% 125% 133%
World 86.1 103% 107% 113% 121% 128%
Source: Energy Information Administration
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Conventional Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels
Biodiesel Additional Advanced Biofuels
Renewable Fuels Standard
Agriculture and Food Research Initiative - Sustainable Bioenergy
This AFRI Challenge Area focuses on the priority to secure America's energy future. It supports the development of regional systems for the sustainable production of bioenergy and biobased products that contribute significantly to reducing dependence on foreign oil, have net positive social, environmental, and rural economic impacts, and are compatible with existing agricultural systems. The long-term outcome for this program is to implement regional systems that materially deliver liquid transportation biofuels to help meet the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 goal of 36 billion gallons/year of biofuels by 2022 and reduce the National dependence on foreign oil.
USDA’s Initiative
TheGrandVision
Target: Land Least Suitable for Corn/Soybean Production
Sources: NRCS, Purdue University, and Iowa State University
Pyrolysis Processing
Rapid thermal decomposition of organic compounds in the absence of oxygen to predominately produce liquid product known as bio-oil.
Fast pyrolysis can be built at small scales suitable for distributed
processing.
Co-product biochar is produced at yields
of 12-20 wt% biomass.
Biochar
Bio-oil is refined like petroleum into synthetic gasoline and biodiesel.
CenUSA Team
Led by ISU Agronomy professor Ken Moore Researchers from Iowa State University, Purdue University, University of Illinois,
University of Minnesota, University of Nebraska, University of Wisconsin, University of Vermont, Idaho National Laboratory and USDA Agricultural Research Service offices in Wisconsin, Nebraska, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Iowa
Feedstock Development ProgressSwitchgrass Big bluestem Indiangrass
• Perennial grass yield trials planted at 13 locations: Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Wisconsin
Feedstock Development ProgressSwitchgrass Big bluestem Indiangrass
• Yield trials cover:22 switchgrasses
(7 cultivars and 15 experimental strains),12 big bluestems
(6 cultivars and 6 experimental strains), and 12 indiangrasses
(6 cultivars and 6 experimental strains)
Sustainable Production Systems• Seed plots established in Illinois, Iowa,
Indiana, Minnesota, and Nebraska• Plots are far enough along to explore
nutrient, pest, and disease pressures
Feedstock Logistics• Preliminary work on bale accumulation shows
potential for reduced fuel expenditures
System Performance
• Preliminary testing has begun with the Environmental Policy Impact Climate (EPIC) model to explore soil and nutrient movement
Feedstock Conversion
• Samples have been harvested to create baseline for energy analysis
Markets and Distribution
• Work has started to gather switchgrass trial data from previous and ongoing trials
• Establishment and production costs data is being gathered to develop decision tools and economic models
Health and Safety
• Major health and safety risks in working with biochar have been identified
Education
• 11 undergraduate students have worked at CenUSA institutions over the past summer on various aspects of the project
CenUSA Intern Kirsten Paff
Extension/Outreach
• Over 3,700 people participated in CenUSA programs over the past year (thanks for joining them this year)
• Nearly 2,500 Master Gardener volunteers explored the impact of biochar in gardens
A Few Year 2 Targets• Continue to build perennial grass breeding
program
• Study biomass handling and drying
• Adapt economic/environmental models to field trial data
• Quantify biochar impact on soil quality
• Continue to assess health and safety issues with biochar deployment
Thank you for your time and attention.
Any questions?
For more information, seewww.cenusa.iastate.edu
This project is supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2011-68005-30411 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
. . . and justice for all
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964.