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description
INTERNATIONAL QUANTITY SURVEYING PRACTICES
COURSE PACK
GEORGE BROWN COLLEGE
IN
COLLABORATION WITH
SHANGHAI URBAN MANAGEMENT COLLEGE
Presented By:
Helen Zhuang
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Course Description and Outcomes
2.0 Course Schedule
3.0 Module 1 – Introduction to Quantity Surveying 4.0 Module 2 – MasterFormat and Types of Estimate 5.0 Module 3 - Principles of Measurement 6.0 Module 4 – Form of Estimate and Measurement Examples 7.0 Module 5 – Excavation 8.0 Module 6 – Concrete 9.0 Module 7 - Masonry 10.0 Module 8 - Wood Framing
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Course Description This course provides an overview of the Quantity Surveying and Estimating profession and will examine the services provided, education, professional institutions and the challenges facing the profession in a global market economy. The course introduces the student to the basic principles of Quantity Surveying. It is designed to provide the student with the knowledge and skills necessary to quantify lengths, areas and volumes for simple plans in a structured format using a standard method of measurement and industry terminology. It focuses on the various types of estimates, the estimating process and the techniques of measurement for excavation, concrete, masonry and wood frame for small buildings. Course Outcomes • Assess professional careers and opportunities in quantity surveying • Research international professional quantity surveying institutions • Identify areas in the construction sector where knowledge of quantity surveying is
necessary • Define the attributes required to be a successful quantity surveyor • Describe the system for organizing construction information • Describe the type of estimate required at each stage of project development. • Measure building elements by length, area and volume in accordance with the
principles of quantity surveying as stipulated by the CIQS Method of Measurement. • Measure and take-off quantities of work for excavation, concrete, masonry and wood
frame for small buildings, using sketches and working drawings for Construction works in accordance with the principles of measurement as stipulated by the CIQS Method of Measurement of Construction Works.
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Course Schedule Duration 2.5 weeks (15 modules-1.5 hours per module)
Start date: June 11/09 to June 26/09
Module Topic Assignments
1
1. Introduction to course, course outline.
2. International professional quantity surveying institutions
3. Professional careers and opportunities in quantity surveying
4. The attributes required to be a successful quantity surveyor
2
1. The system for organizing construction information
2. The type of estimate required at each stage of project development
Assignment1-Quiz
(10% Marks)
3
1. Measurement of wall lengths/the Perimeter Centre Line concept, Area and Volume
4
1. Introduction to CIQS standard estimate form
2. Measurement example
Assignment 2 (10% Marks)
5
1. Measurement of excavation
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Module
Topic
Assignments
6
1. Measurement example for excavation
Assignment 3 (10% Marks)
7 Construction site visit in conjunction with the Building Science class.
8
1. Measurement of concrete 2. Measurement of formwork
9
1. Measurement example for formwork and concrete
Assignment 4 (10% Marks)
10 1. Measurement of masonry
11 1. Measurement example for masonry
Assignment 5 (10% Marks)
12 1. Measurement of wood floor joists
13 1. Measurement of wood wall framing and roof sheathing
14 1. Measurement example for wood framing
Assignment 6 (10% Marks)
15
Final Exam – Simple Plan for the quantification of items covered in the course
40% marks
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Module One Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to: 1. Assess professional careers and opportunities in quantity surveying 2. Research international professional quantity surveying institutions 3. Identify the areas in the construction sector where knowledge of quantity surveying is
necessary 4. Define the attributes required to be a successful quantity surveyor
1.0. International Quantity Surveying Institutions
1.0.1 Introduction The history of quantity surveying dates back to the seventeenth century. However, it was in the 20th century that Quantity Surveying evolved as a profession. Traditionally the Quantity Surveying education evolved around the guidelines provided by two professional bodies, namely the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) www.rics.org in the United Kingdom and the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS) in Australia.
RICS can trace its history right back to 1792 when the Surveyors Club was formed. The requirement for such an organization was driven by the rapid development and expansion of the industrialized world. As it began to take shape - and the infrastructure, housing and transport links grew - there was a need for more stringent checks and balances. The Institution of Surveyors later became the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and has evolved into the pre-eminent organization of its kind in the world. The AIQS played a key role with the other professional institutions within the Asia Pacific region to form the Pacific Association of Quantity Surveyors (PAQS) http://www.paqs.net. This organization plays a key role in the Asia Pacific region. These two organizations have promoted Quantity Surveying education in various parts of the world and statistics show 120,000 members in 120 countries.
PAQS is a confederation of national quantity surveying associations from the Asia-Pacific region and membership is only open to professional quantity surveying institutes within the Asia-Pacific region. Current members are:
• AACE International (AACEI) http://www.aacei.org • Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS) http://www.aiqs.com.au • Building Surveyors Institute of Japan (BSIJ) http://www.bsij.or.jp • Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (CIQS) http://www.ciqs.org • China Engineering Cost Association (CECA) http://www.ceca.org.cn
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• Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (HKIS) http://www.hkis.org.hk • Institute of Surveyors, Malaysia (ISM) http://www.ism.org.my • New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NZIQS)
http://www.nziqs.co.nz • Singapore Institute of Surveyors & Valuers (SISV) http://www.sisv.org.sg • Institution of Surveyors, Engineers and Architects (Brunei) (PUJA)
http://www.puja-brunei.com/ • Fiji Institute of Quantity Surveyors (FIQS). vakaj01@connect.com.fj • Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Sri Lanka (IQSSL) iqssl@sltnet.lk • Association of South African Quantity Surveyors http://www.asaqs.co.za
1.1 HISTORY OF QUANTITY SURVEYING IN CANADA
Quantity surveying as a profession has been in existence for over 150 years. Starting in the United Kingdom it has spread to most of the English speaking world. The profession of Quantity Surveying was widespread in Canada prior to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Changes came about largely due to the influence of Van Horne who imposed the American system of lump sum tendering in the construction of the railway. The results being that for the next 70 years, contractors increasingly employed their own estimators and dealt with clients directly. In this period the term estimator largely replaced that of the Quantity Surveyor. People performing this extremely important function within the industry, however, had no organization to which they could turn for advice or comparison of problems. In February 1959, a number of these Quantity Surveyors were invited to a Founder Members’ meeting in Toronto. From this meeting the objectives, rules and regulations of the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors were developed. On January 13, 1988 the Institute obtained the official mark Professional Quantity Surveyor and subsequently has also registered the initials PQS and the French equivalents of Économiste en Construction Agréé and the initials ECA. Construction Estimator Certified (CEC) is a new category developed by the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (CIQS) and implemented in 1996 to continue to promote the profession of construction estimating. The concept of bidding on a common, guaranteed bill of quantities prepared by the owner’s quantity surveyor, which is the traditional accepted practice in some other parts of the world, has not gained acceptance in North America. However, the provision of preparing preliminary bid quantities is now common, although the risk of determining the correct amount of work still remains with the bidder One of the significant characteristic of construction estimating in Canada is that construction companies must bid not only on their knowledge of pricing, planning and administration of their construction companies, but in the short time allowed for bidding, on their ability to measure the quantities (material and labour components of the work) as well.
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11..22.. QQuuaannttiittyy SSuurrvveeyyiinngg SSeerrvviicceess
TThhee TTrraaddiittiioonnaall SSeerrvviicceess ooffffeerreedd bbyy QQuuaannttiittyy SSuurrvveeyyoorrss iinn CCaannaaddaa Builders’ Quantities Cost Planning/Budgeting Estimating and Contract Administration
AAddddiittiioonnaall SSeerrvviicceess OOffffeerreedd bbyy QQuuaannttiittyy SSuurrvveeyyoorrss iinn OOtthheerr CCoouunnttrriieess Prepare Bill of Quantities Prepare Contract/Tender Documents Perform the role of Project Manager
1.3 Demands on the Quantity Surveying Profession
A modern day Quantity Surveyor in its portfolio of competencies must add Information Technology and Business Administration skills as well has entrepreneurial skills in order to move forward in the global market.
Information Technology now plays a significant role in how quantity surveyors provide their services.
CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn TTeecchhnnoollooggyy uusseedd iinn QQuuaannttiittyy SSuurrvveeyyiinngg PPrrooffeessssiioonn Electronic communication - e-mails/use of the internet Electronic measurement tools – digitizers and use of CAD for measurement. Electronic estimating software
Information technology allows quantity surveyors to focus less on the time consuming technical aspects of their profession to achieve more value adding level of services
11..44 IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall TTrreennddss iinn QQuuaannttiittyy SSuurrvveeyyiinngg
Making inroads and playing a more important role in the following field:
Project/Construction management At the project implementation stage, it is important for the client to employ some one who should be able to play as an agent on behalf of the client. He/she should be also able to protect the clients’ interest. The Professional QS is in the best position to provide these PM/CM service amongst those in the project team members as he/she is an independent profession as well as he/she provides cost management during both the design and construction stages of a project.
Information management
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Information flows in construction will increasingly be made by electronic means as well as tools for the QS. Future tools and techniques will be firmly based on Information Technology. It is also forecasted that IT tools can be utilized to provide new value-added services, for example, expert computerized systems for cost estimating developed for and by quantity surveyors. Facilities Management Services The QS is well placed to provide total facilities management services, such as life cycle cost management, building management, property portfolio management, etc. To most QS’s, it might be a new domain to enter and might not be as easy as doing current business. However the QS is always used to handle practical data and is familiar with its analysis. As a result, the continuity of quantity surveying professional services to project owners would be established and it becomes uninterrupted from the time of inception of a new project until its disposal or change to another new one. The QS have a great potential to provide a “one-stop service” on facility management to clients.
2.0 Professional careers and opportunities in quantity surveying and estimating
2.1. Opportunities
Generally, knowledge of the procedures for quantity surveying and estimating is required by almost everyone involved in or associated with the field of construction. From the estimator, who may be involved solely with the estimating of quantities of materials and pricing of the project to the carpenter, who must order the material required for building the framing for a home, this knowledge is needed to do the best job possible at the most competitive cost.
2.1.1. Architectural Offices. The architectural office will require estimates to plan and control the cost in the four stages of the pre-tender period; program or concept stage (based on costs per unit of gross floor area), schematics stage (costs of major elements per square metre or square foot), design development stage (setting a cost target for all the components of the building), and the contract document stage (trade by trade breakdown of costs to evaluate the lowest acceptable bid).
In large offices a quantity surveyor or an estimator may be hired primarily to do all required estimating. In many offices the senior architectural technologist, head or lead architect may do the estimating or it may be done by someone in the office
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that has developed the required estimating skills. There are also estimating services or cost consultants who perform estimates on a for-fee basis.
2.1.2. Engineering Offices. The engineering offices involved in the design of building construction projects include civil, structural, mechanical (plumbing, heating, air conditioning), electrical, and soil analysis. All of these engineering design phases require preliminary estimates; estimates while the drawings are being prepared, and final estimates as the drawings are completed.
2.1.3. General Contractors. Typically, the general contractor makes detailed estimates that are used to determine what the company will charge to do the work required. The estimator will have to take off the quantities (amounts) of each material, determine the cost to furnish (procure and ship to the site) and install each material in the project, assemble the bids (prices) of subcontractors, as well as determine all of the costs of insurance, permits, office staff, and the like. In smaller companies one person may do the estimating, whereas in larger companies several people may work to negotiate a final price with an owner or to provide a competitive bid. Many times, the contractor's business involves providing assistance to the owners, beginning with the planning stage and continuing through the actual construction of the project (commonly called design - build contractors). In this type of business the estimators will also provide preliminary estimates and then update them periodically until a final price is set.
2.1.4. Subcontractors. Subcontractors may be individuals, companies, or corporations hired by the general contractor to do a particular portion of the work on the project. Subcontractors are available for all the different types of work required to build any project and include excavation, concrete, masonry (block, brick, stone), interior partitions, drywall, acoustical ceilings, painting, steel and precast concrete, erection, windows and metal and glass curtain walls, roofing, flooring (resilient, ceramic and quarry tile, carpeting, wood, terrazzo), and interior wall finishes such as wallpaper, wood paneling, and sprayed-on finishes. The list continues to include all materials, equipment and finishes required. The use of subcontractors to perform all of the work on the project is becoming an acceptable model in building construction. The advantage of this model is that the general contractor can distribute the risk associated with the project to a number of different entities. In addition, the subcontractors' trade personnel perform the same type of work on a repetitive basis and are therefore experts in their field.
The subcontractor carefully checks the drawings and specifications and submits a price to the construction companies who will be bidding on the project. The price given may be a unit or lump sum price. If a subcontractor’s bid is presented as what he or she would charge per unit, then it is a unit price (such as: per square metre, per block, per thousand brick, per cubic metre of concrete) bid. For example, the bid might be $27.25 per linear metre (m) of concrete curbing. Even
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with unit price bids the subcontractors needs to perform a quantity takeoff so that they can have an idea of what is involved in the project, at what stages they will be needed, how long it will take to complete their work, and how many workers and how much equipment will be required. The subcontractor needs the completed estimate to determine what is a reasonable amount for overhead and profit. The subcontractor would not know how much to add to the direct field cost unit price for overhead unless a quantity takeoff had been performed. If the subcontractor submits a lump sum bid, then he or she is proposing to install, or furnish and install, a portion of work: For example, the bid might state "agrees to furnish and install all Type I concrete curbing for a sum of $23,267.00." Each subcontractor will need someone (or several people) to check specifications, review the drawings, determine the quantities required, and put the proposal together. It may be a full-time estimating position or part of the duties assumed, perhaps in addition to purchasing materials, helping to schedule projects, working on required shop drawings or marketing.
2.1.5. Material Suppliers. Suppliers submit price quotes to the contractors (and subcontractors) to supply the materials required for the construction of the project. Virtually every material used in the project will be estimated and multiple price quotes sought. Estimators will have to check the specifications and drawings to be certain that the materials offered will meet all of the requirements of the contract and required delivery dates.
2.1.6. Manufacturers' Representatives. Manufacturer’s representatives represent certain material or product suppliers or manufacturers. They spend part of their time visiting contractors, architects, engineers, subcontractors, owners, and developers to be certain they are aware that the material is available, its uses and approximate costs. In a sense they are salespeople, but their services and the expertise they develop in their product lines make good manufacturers' representatives welcome not as salespersons, but as needed sources of information concerning the materials and products they represent. Representatives may work for one company or they may represent two or more. Manufacturers' representatives will carefully check the specifications and drawings to be certain their materials meet all requirements. If some aspect of the specifications or drawings tends to exclude their product, or if they feel there may be a mistake or misunderstanding in these documents, they may call the architect-engineers and discuss it with them. In addition, many times they will be involved in working up various cost analyses of what the materials or products installed cost will be and in devising new uses for the materials, alternate construction techniques, and even the development of new products.
2.1.7. Project Management. Project Management companies specialize in providing professional assistance in planning the construction of a project and keeping accurate and updated information about the financial status of the project. Owners who are coordinating large projects often hire such companies. Among
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the various types of owners are private individuals, companies, corporations, government agencies (such as public works and engineering departments), and various public utility companies. Both the firms involved in project management, as well as someone on the staff of the owner being represented, must be knowledgeable in the estimating and scheduling of a project.
2.1.8. Government. When a government agency is involved in any phase of construction, personnel with experience in construction and estimating are required. Included are municipal, provincial, federal, and other nationwide agencies including those involved in highways, roads, sewage treatment, schools, courthouses, nursing homes, hospitals, and single and multiple family dwellings financed or qualifying for financing by the government. Employees may be involved in preparing or assisting to prepare preliminary and final estimates; reviewing estimates from architects, engineers, and contractors; the design and drawing of the project; and preparation of the specifications.
2.1.9. Professional Quantity Surveyors. Professional quantity surveyors may be hired to prepare a detailed Schedule of Quantities for contractors bidding on a project but are unable to prepare their own quantity takeoff. Such individuals, designated by the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors or firms often provide a complete estimating service and must possess all the attributes of estimators employed directly by contractors
2.1.10. Freelance Estimators. Freelance estimators will do a material takeoff of a portion or entire project for whomever may want a job done. This estimator may work for the owner, architect, engineer, contractor, subcontractor, material supplier, or manufacturer. In some areas the estimator will do a material takeoff of a project being competitively bid and then sell the quantity list to one or more contractors who intend to submit a bid on the project. Many times a talented individual has a combined drafting and estimating business. Part of the drafting business may include preparing shop drawings (drawings that show sizes of materials and installation details) for subcontractors, material suppliers, and manufacturers' representatives.
3.0. The attributes required to be a successful quantity
surveyor To be able to properly perform quantity takeoffs, the estimator:
• Must be able to read and interpret design and working drawings
• Must be knowledge of mathematics and a keen understanding of geometry
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• Must have the patience and ability to do careful, methodological, and thorough
work To be an estimator an individual go a step further. He or she:
• Must be able, from looking at the drawings, to visualize the project through its various phases of construction. In addition an estimator must be able to foresee problems, such as placement of equipment or material storage, then develop a solution and determine its estimated cost.
• Must have enough construction experience to possess a good knowledge of job
conditions including methods of handling materials on the job, the most economical methods of construction, and labour productivity. With this experience, the estimator will be able to visualize the construction of the project and thus get the most accurate estimate on paper.
• Must have sufficient knowledge of labour operations and productivity to thus
convert them into costs on a project. The estimator must understand how much work can be accomplished under given conditions by given crafts. Experience in construction and a study of projects that have been completed are required to develop this ability.
• Must have the ability to keep a database of information on costs of all kinds
including those of labour, material, overhead, and equipment, as well as knowledge of the availability of all the required items.
• Must be able to meet bid deadlines and still remain calm. Even in the rush of last
- minute phone calls and the competitive feeling that seems to electrify the atmosphere just before the bids are due; estimators must be mentally alert.
• Must be able to deal with a number of bids in various stages of the bidding
process
• Must be computer literate and know how to manipulate and build various databases and use spreadsheet programs.
People cannot be taught experience and judgment, but they can be taught an acceptable method of preparing an estimate, items to include in the estimate, calculations required, and how to make them. They can also be warned against possible errors and alerted to certain problems and dangers, but the practical experience and use of good judgment required cannot be taught and must be obtained over time. How closely the estimated cost will agree with the actual cost will depend, to a large extent, on the estimators' skill and judgment. Their skill enables them to use accurate
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estimating methods, while their judgment enables them to visualize the construction of the project throughout the stages of construction.
Module Two Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to: 1. Understand the system for organizing construction information in North America 2. State the type of estimate required at each stage of project development
1.0. Master Format 2004 Edition
1.0.1 Introduction MasterFormat™ is the specifications-writing standard for most commercial building design and construction projects in North America. It lists titles and section numbers for organizing data about construction requirements, products, and activities. By standardizing such information, MasterFormat facilitates communication amongst architects, specifiers, contractors and suppliers, which helps them meet building owners’ requirements, timelines and budgets. Major Advantages
Used throughout North America Produced jointly by Construction Specifications Canada (CSC) & Construction
Specifications Institute (CSI) in the USA Construction information is organized into a standard order or sequence An industry accepted system of numbers and titles for organizing construction
data. To learn more about MasterFormat 2004 Edition, go to http://www.csinet.org/ MasterFormat
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MasterFormat 2004 is a three level six-digit system. The first two digits represent the division number as level one. The next pair of numbers represents level two and the last two digits represent level three. For example: Division 03 – Concrete 03 30 00 Cast-in-place concrete 03 31 00 Structural concrete To systematically organize the estimate, estimators in North American normally follow the MasterFormat system to compile the estimating information to avoid missing or duplicating the quantities and pricing the construction works.
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Estimating summary or recap example:
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2.0. Types of Estimates
At different stages of a project development, estimators need to produce different types of
estimates based on the available project information.
Conceptual Estimates At the project feasibility study stage, typically, there are no drawings available and the
developers/owners only have some ideas about the project type, size and location. When
preparing this type of estimate the estimator makes assumptions about virtually every
aspect of the project. The estimator needs to use his/her knowledge and experience as
well as the database he/she has from similar previous projects to build this estimate. An
adjustment may be required for a change of location and for price escalation over time.
This rough estimate (accuracy of plus or minus 30%) will be used to help the owner make
decisions on project development and financial arrangement as well as for controlling the
project cost in later design stages. A typical unit of measurement would be for example,
cost per bed unit in a hospital project or cost per parking space for a parking garage.
Preliminary Estimates (Volume & Area)
At the project design stage, the estimator needs to update the estimate upon the available
drawings and specifications. When simple plans are available, the volume method or area
method are normally used to produce a preliminary estimate. The volume method
involves computing the volume of the building and multiplying that volume by an
assumed cost per cubic metre (foot). Using the area method, you compute the area of the
building and multiply that area by an assumed cost per square metre (foot). Both
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methods require skill and experience in adjusting the unit cost to the varying conditions
of each project. These types of estimates are helpful to check whether the project as
designed is within the owner’s budget. however, they lack accuracy. Annual
publications such as R.S. Means "Yardsticks for Costing" contain a range of unit costs for
a wide variety of building types in seven cities in Canada. These guides provide a
number of adjustments to compensate for varying building component systems.
Elemental cost estimates are based on the analysis of individual construction
components. The elemental cost estimate needs more detail design drawings and is more
accurate than the volume method or area method (accuracy is plus or minus 15 %). This
type of the estimate needs to be updated according to information availability or design
changes. The more information an estimator can get, the more accurate the estimate will
be.
Detailed Estimate At the project bidding stage, a detailed or unit price estimate is prepared by estimators for
bidding a project. This detailed or unit price estimate includes the determination of
quantities and costs of everything required to complete the project. This includes the
direst costs and indirect costs of a project. The direct costs are the costs of material,
labour, equipment or subcontracted items that are permanently and physically integrated
into the building. For example, the labour and materials for the partition walls of the
building would be a direct cost. Indirect costs are the cost for the items that are required
to support the field construction efforts or general expenses of the project, for example,
the project temporary site office and the daily expenses. Indirect costs also include a part
of the head office administration costs as well as the finance cost. To perform this type of
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estimate the contractor must have a complete set of bid documents-specifications and
drawings. The scope of work is broken down in work items and the unit price is assigned
to each work item to obtain the total construction cost of the project.
Contemplated Change Order Estimates
At the construction stage, under the terms of the stipulated lump sum contract, the
Consultant must issue a notice of proposed change or contemplated change, together with
any revised drawings or specifications, to the contractor to obtain a quote. These changes
may include additions, deductions and alterations to part of the work that may or may not
have been completed. These may be due to a change in the Owner's requirements,
unforeseen conditions, emergencies or regulatory requirements, and may affect the
contract price or contract schedule. The estimate for these notices must incorporate any
additions or deductions from the original contract documents and include adjustments in
contract price and contract time. Unit rates, including levels of profit and overheads, for
pricing changes to the work may be established prior to the signing of the contract.
Alternatively, they may be assessed on a fair and reasonable basis by the consultant.
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Module Three Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to: 1. Apply basic mathematical formulas in measuring construction work. 2. Understand the principle of centre line measurement
1.0. The principle of the Centre Line Measurement
The length of the wall is represented by the length measured on the mid-point or centre line of that wall. Calculating the length on the centre line of the wall can simplify the wall length calculation by ignoring the thickness of that wall, as illustrated in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1
Length of L-shaped wall
200
3000
200
5200
Length of this L-shaped wall: 5200 + (3000 -200) = 8000 mm Note the corner adjustment to the 3000 mm dimension
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Example 1: How to calculate the length of an enclosing wall
The principle of the Centre Line Measurement (PCL) In simple rectangular shaped buildings, where (L) is the exterior length on plan and (W) is the exterior width on plan, the enclosing wall length may be calculated by determining the total exterior perimeter length of the wall [2 x (L + W)] and making a deduction for each corner equivalent to the thickness (T) of the wall. In this instance the formula is: PCL= [2 x (L + W)] – 4T Alternatively, where (L) is the interior length on plan and (W) is the interior width on plan, the interior perimeter length [2 x (L + W)] may be calculated and an addition made for each of the corners. In this instance, the enclosing wall length may be calculated using this formula: PCL= [2 x (L + W)] + 4T
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PCL OF RECTANGULAR BUILDING
Taking exterior dimensions 12700 6500
Sum of one long and one short side 2x 19200 Sum of all four sides 38400 Less corners 4x200 800 Centre line of exterior wall 37600
Taking interior dimensions
12300 6100
2x 18400 36800
Add corners 4x200 800 Centre line of exterior wall 37600
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Perimeter Calculation7600 200
3600 4000
200 8000 200 200
General formulas for two rectangles:
Any perimeter (larger) outside the primary can be calculated by applying the formula Pe=P+8d, where d is the horizontal distance from where P (the primary perimeter) was calculated to where Pe (the new perimeter) is to be calculated.
Any perimeter Pi (smaller) inside the primary perimeter (P) can be calculated by applying the formula Pi=P-8d.
Length of blue box 8000 4000
Sum of one long and one short side 2x 12000 Sum of all four sides 24000 Length of green box (interior box) 24000 Less corners (differences) 8x200 1600 22400
Length of blue box(exterior box)
Add corners (differences) 22400 8x200 1600
24000
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Determining the centre line measurement can be challenging if the building has an
irregular outline as shown in Fig. III : In this case, first try to simplify the calculation by comparing this irregular outline
with the rectangular outline, and then find the difference between these two outlines, finally add or subtract the difference.
The length on the centre line of the enclosing walls can be found as follows:
20000 9000
2x 29000 58000
Less corners 4x300 1200 PCL 56800
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A comparison of the recess outline with the rectangular outline shows that
buildings planned with recesses involve further additions when arriving at the perimeter of the enclosing walls.
In this case the difference is the additional two pieces of the wall BC and ED The PCL of this recessed wall will be equal to the PCL of the base rectangle wall
in addition to the length of BC plus ED (6000mm)
The length of enclosing walls measured on centre line is found as follows:
22000 9000
2x 31000 62000
Add twice depth of recess (2x3000) 6000 68000
Less corners 4x300 1200
PCL 66800
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2.0 Measurement of Area
(Square Metres - m²/Square Feet - sf)
Gross Floor Area (GFA) - Measure to the outside face of enclosing wall for the area on
each floor without any deductions for openings within the floor area except as noted later.
The measurement of the gross floor area of a building has been used for many years in
the construction industry throughout the world to enable the costs of structures of similar
type and construction to be compared.
Enclosing wall: Those walls which form the outside perimeter of the structure and are
made of permanent materials which provide weatherproofing to acceptable occupational
standards
Outside Face: The exterior face of an enclosing wall at floor level, excluding such
horizontal features as projecting cornices, stone bands, etc.
No deduction to the area shall be made for:
Walls, partitions, columns, etc.,
Openings in floors for stairwells, escalators, elevators, ducts and other facilities
Pits, trenches, depressions occurring in the lowest floor which are open or have
removable covers
Gross Floor Area includes:
Crawl spaces or basement area with a floor to ceiling height of 2 m or greater
Dormers, bay windows and the like, providing they extend vertically for the full
floor height
Penthouses
Enclosed porches
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Balconies and mezzanines which are within the enclosing walls of the structure
Gross Floor Area excludes:
Crawl spaces or basement area with a floor to ceiling height of less than 2m
Exterior balconies
Canopies
Exterior staircases and fire escapes which are not enclosed
Interior open court yard, light wells and the like
Porches which are not enclosed
Gross Floor Area for special structures:
Where auditoriums, swimming pools, gymnasiums, foyers and the like extend
through two or more floors, they shall be included for the largest area, at one level
only.
Example 1
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Project: Example 1 Project No: Estimate No: Page:Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
L W H
1. Gross Floor Area 12.70 6.50 82.55 83 m2
2. Net Floor Area 12.30 6.10 75.03 75 m2
Length: 12700Less: 2x 200 -400
12300
Width: 6500Less: 2x 200 -400
6100
Carried Forw ard to Page:
Element/Trade: 31-Mar-09
Description
ESTIMATE
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 29
Example 2
Project: Example 2 Project No: Estimate No: Page:Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
L W H
1. Gross Floor Area 20.00 9.00 180.00Ddt setback) 11.00 3.00 -33.00
147.00 147 m2
2. Net Floor AreaLength: 20000Less: 2x 300 -600
19400
Width: 9000Less: 2x 300 -600
840019.40 8.40 162.96
Ddt setback) 11.00 3.00 -33.00129.96 130 m2
Alternate:
Gross f loor area subtract the area 147.00 occupied by exterior w all 56.80 0.30 -17.04
129.96 130 m2
Element/Trade: 31-Mar-09
Description
ESTIMATE
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 30
Example 3
ESTIMATE
Project: Example 3 Project No: Estimate No: Page:Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
L W H
1. Gross Floor Area 22.00 9.00 198.00Ddt recess) 6.00 3.00 -18.00
180.00 180 m2
2. Net Floor AreaLength: 22000Less: 2x 300 -600
21400
Width: 9000Less: 2x 300 -600
8400
Recess length: 6000Add: 2x 300 600
660021.40 8.40 179.76
Ddt recess) 6.60 3.00 -19.80159.96 160 m2
Alternate:
Gross floor area subtract the area 180.00 occupied by exterior w all 66.80 0.30 -20.04
159.96 160 m2
Element/Trade: 31-Mar-09
Description
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 31
3.0. Measurement of Volume
Project: Example 4 Project No: Estimate No: Page:Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
1. Volume of foundation wall L W H
PCL of foundation w all:Length: 12700Width: 6500
2x 19200 38400Less 4x 200 -800
37600
Volume of foundation wall 37.60 0.20 1.20 9.02 9 m3
2. Volume of foundation wall footing 37.60 0.40 0.20 3.01 3 m3
ESTIMATE
Element/Trade: 31-Mar-09
Description
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Module Four Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to: 3. Utilize the CIQS standard estimate form to present measured work quantities 4. Measure wall lengths, slab areas and concrete volumes.
1.0. Standard Estimate Form
CIQS Standard Form of EstimateProject: Project No: Estimate No: Page:
Measured: Estimate Type: Date:Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Carried Forw ard to Page:
Element/Trade: 5-Apr-09
Description
ESTIMATE
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Column 1 – In the “Description” column, a description of each item is entered. This column is also used for preliminary calculations and other basic information needed in building up the dimensions and references to the location of the work.
The work item descriptions should be clear and precise. The meaning and scope of each item of work should be indicated in the estimate so that each item can be accurately priced
Thicknesses shall be given in the description of items measured square
Cross-sectional dimensions shall be given in the description of items measured
lineal
All dimensions shall be given in the description of items enumerated
Cross-sectional dimensions of weighted metal items shall be stated.
In the quantity take-off process, the construction estimator may use standard abbreviations for shortening descriptions.
30 MPa Concrete in foundation wall footing – 30 Mpa conc. in fdn wall ftg Excavate for basement – Exc. for bsmt Formwork to foundation wall – Fwk to fdn wall 25 MPa concrete in column – 25 MPa conc. in col.
Column 2 – The “No.” or “timesing” column in which a multiplier is entered when there is more than one item being measuring.
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Example: Column 3-5 – The “Dimensions” columns in which the actual dimensions are entered, as scaled or taken from the drawings. Dimensions are entered against an item in one, two or three columns depending on whether it is enumerated, linear, square or cubic.
The order of entering dimensions should be consistent and generally in the sequence of length, width and height/thickness/depth. Dimensions are entered to the nearest 10 mm i.e 2 decimal places in metres/feet For example: a length of 2456 mm shown on the drawing must be recorded as 2.46 m
Column 6 – The “Extensions” column in which the number, length, area or volume obtained by multiplying together the figures in column 2-5 is recorded to 2 decimal places for transfer to column 7.
Project: Estimate No: Page: ofElement/Trade: Date:Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced:
Description No. Extensions Quantity Unit Price Cost
($)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
033000- CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
033100 - Structural Concrete
30 MPa conc. in col. 10 0.40 0.50 3.00
30 MPa conc. in col. 10 0.40 0.50 3.005
Project No: Measured: Estimate Type:
If there were ten such itemsthen this dimension would be multiplied by ten as in the example <<
Checked:
DimensionsBrought Forw ard from Pag
TIMESING
added by "dotting on" asindicated <<
Carried Forw ard to Page:
If it were found that five more columns of the samedimensions were to be provided, this could be
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Column 7-8 – The “Quantity and Unit” column in which totals from column 6 is transferred to the nearest whole number (integer) and which dependent upon the type of work will be cubic, square, linear, enumerated or units of weight. Column 9 – The “Unit Price” column in which the unit price for the item of work is entered by the estimator.
The unit price includes the following costs unless otherwise stated in the description:
1. Labour and all associated costs 2. Material and all associated costs 3. Placing or installing materials in position 4. Equipment and all associated costs 5. Waste on materials
Column 10 – The “Cost” column in which the total cost of the item is obtained by multiplying column 7- Quantity and column 9- Unit price. Each sheet should be completed with the information required at the top of the sheet:
the title of the project and the project number the estimate number and estimate type the trade for which the quantities are applicable and the reference number
the initials of the person measuring, extending, pricing and checking the date of the estimate and the page numbering to denote the number of
each sheet with reference to the total number of sheets used for the estimate.
A carried forward to summary page number must also be indicated for ease of reference.
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2.0. Measurement Example
Example 3
ESTIMATE
Project: Example 3 Project No: Estimate No: Page:Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
L W H
1. Gross Floor Area 22.00 9.00 198.00Ddt recess) 6.00 3.00 -18.00
180.00 180 m2
2. Net Floor AreaLength: 22000Less: 2x 300 -600
21400
Width: 9000Less: 2x 300 -600
8400
Recess length: 6000Add: 2x 300 600
660021.40 8.40 179.76
Ddt recess) 6.60 3.00 -19.80159.96 160 m2
Alternate:
Gross floor area subtract the area 180.00 occupied by exterior w all 66.80 0.30 -20.04
159.96 160 m2
Element/Trade: 31-Mar-09
Description
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Assignment 2: Examine the plan (to be issued in the class) and calculate the following:
1. the gross floor area 2. the internal floor area 3. the centreline length of the composite wall 4. the centreline length for the following:
a. face brick b. concrete block
5. the volume of the foundation wall 6. the volume of the foundation wall footing 7. the volume of the concrete slab
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Module Five Measurement of Excavation
Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to: 1. Describe the process of excavation quantity take-off 2. Understand the various factors that may affect the quantities as well as the cost of
excavation 3. Calculate the quantities of earthwork for small buildings
1.0. General
The quantity take-off for excavation is normally considered as one of the most difficult portions of the estimator’s task since the tender drawings usually can only provide very little detail about the specific requirements of the earthwork operation. There are no drawings showing estimators the dimensions and shape of the excavation as well as the dewatering system. Estimators must make decisions based on their own construction knowledge and work experience. Drawing sketches to help in understanding the actual excavation dimensions and shape are the most efficient way to help estimators calculate the quantities for earthwork in small buildings.
2.0. Excavation Considerations
2.0.1 Soils Report
• The Soils report provides information about the subsurface conditions of the site obtained from bore holes and other information
• The Soils or Geotechnical Report may be included in Division 31 of the Specifications or may be bound with the specification, or if it is not, can be viewed at the design consultant’s office
The Soils report provides the estimator with the information to determine the dewatering system- whether water will be encountered; the required slope of the bank in the excavated area or whether shoring will be required.
Contractors should not solely rely on information provided by the soils report but should make their own investigation of subsurface conditions.
2.0.2 Excavation Safety Consideration
The potential danger to workers in trenches due to cave-ins of the earth embankments is a safety hazard that must be considered in every quantity takeoff for excavation work.
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The Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations for Construction Projects (OSHA)require that the sides of all earth embankments and trenches over 1.2m deep be adequately protected by a shoring system or by cutting back the sides of the excavation to a safe angle. As a consequence, the estimator must allow extra excavation for cutting back the face of excavations to a suitable angle wherever this is possible.
The Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations for Construction Projects (OSHA) require that an excavation in which a worker may work shall have a clear work space of at least 450mm between the wall excavation and any formwork or masonry or similar wall. As a consequence, the common practice in estimating for excavation is to make allowances for work space as follows:
• To footing/Trench/Face of mass excavation: 150mm from face of footing or 600mm from face of wall above, whichever is greater
• To trenches for pipes:
Not exceeding 300mm in diameter- 300mm on each side of the pipe
Exceeding 300mm in diameter-600mm on each side of the pipe
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3.0. Measurement Notes
Excavation, backfill and fill in Bank Measure Soil Classification (silt,clays,gravels,sand,ordinary earth, rock) Measuring categories:(as per the Method of Measurement)
Site Clearing Excavation over site to reduce levels Basement Excavation Trench Excavation Pit Excavation
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Different fill must be kept separate Fill and Backfill categories:
Fill over site to raised levels Backfill to basements Backfill to trenches Backfill to pits Gravel under Slab-on-grade
Soil Removal Haulage off or on site via trucks Could leave for recap - ready for pricing
Example:
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ESTIMATE
Project: College Workshop Project No: 201 Estimate No: Page: 1 of 6 Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
310000 - Earthwork312000 - Excavating
.1 Excavate for basement 197 m3
.2 Backfill around basement 74 m3
.3 Granular A base to slab 8 m3
.4 Disposal of excavated material 123 m3
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
RECAP
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 43
ESTIMATE
Project: College Workshop Project No: 201 Estimate No: Page: 4 of 6Site Work Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 310000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit
Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
Depth2440
Less200
2240Add ftg 200
2440
Length: 7920w/s 2* 600 1200
9120Width:
6690w/s 2* 600 1200
7890
Excavate for basement (part1) 9.12 7.89 2.44 175.57Ddt 3.52 0.90 2.44 (7.73)
167.84 168 m3
Length: 7920Width 6690
2 * 1461029220
Less
4 * 200 -800
PCL 28420
Carried Forward to Page:
PCL - Exterior Wall
Element/Trade:
Description
Basement Excavation
top fdn to grade
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ESTIMATE
Project: College Workshop Project No: 201 Estimate No: Page: 5 of 6Site Work Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 310000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit
Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
Depth2440
Lessmin 1200
1240
Slope Length: 28420
100600
1240/3 413.3
add 8* 1113 8907
PCL slope 37327
Additional exc for slope (part2) 0.5 37.33 1.24 1.24 28.70
Backfill -random (part2) 28.70
Excavate for basement 167.8428.70196.54 197 m3
Bkfill Length: 28420
100300
add 8* 400 3200
PCL bkfill 31620
Fdn proj length. 28420
1001/2 proj 50
add 8* 150 1200
29620
Backfill around basement (part1) 31.62 0.60 2.44 46.29Ddt 29.62 0.10 0.20 (0.59)
45.70
Total backfill around basement 45.7028.7074.00 74 m3
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
Basement Exc - Slope
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ESTIMATE
Project: College Workshop Project No: 201 Estimate No: Page: 6 of 6Site Work Measured ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 310000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:Basement- Granular A base:Length 7920
less 2*300 -600
7320
Width 6690less 2*300 -600
6090
Granular A base to slab7.32 6.09 0.20 8.92
Ddt 3.52 0.90 0.20 (0.63)(col 0.90 0.90 0.20 (0.16)
8.12 8 m3
Disposal of exc mat. 196.54-74.00122.54 123 m3
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
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Assignment 3:
Determine the quantities for the foundation excavation works required for the residential building shown in drawings A101 – 107 inclusive (Issued at the beginning of the course) as indicated below:
1. Excavate for basement 2. Backfill around basement 3. Gravel base under the slab 4. Disposal of excavated material 5. Weeping tile and stone cover
Module Six Measurement of Concrete
Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to:
1. Describe the process of concrete and formwork quantity take-off 2. Calculate the quantities for concrete and formwork on small buildings
1.0. Scope of the work – Masterformat: Division 3 - Concrete
Concrete Cast-in-place concrete Pre-cast concrete Mass concrete Concrete Finishing and Curing
Formwork Reinforcement
Reinforcing bars Welded Wire Mesh (WWM) Stressing tendons
Pre-stressing tendons Post-stressing tendons
Steel deck subfloor Fibrous reinforcing
Concrete Accessories Anchors and Inserts Expansion and Contraction joints Saw-cuts Waterstops
2.0. Procedure for measuring concrete quantities
The concrete for a project may be either ready mixed or mixed on the project site. Most of the concrete used for commercial and residential projects in Canada is ready mixed and delivered to the construction site by a ready-mix company.
Concrete is estimated by the cubic metre (m3) or cubic yard (c.y.). To get the volume of the concrete, we normally take the length in metres of each item and multiply by its width (in metres) and thickness (in metres) or take the length in metres of each item times its cross-sectional area.
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1. Review specifications
- List for each component (columns, walls, beams, slabs) the type, strength and, colour of the concrete and any special curing and testing.
- Requirements for reinforcement
2. Review drawings
- To be certain that items shown on the drawings are covered in the specifications, if not obtain clarification.
3. List items of concrete required on the project
4. Determine quantities from working drawings – plans, sections and structural details
3.0. General measurement rules for concrete
• Measure net in place. At this stage, the quantities are not adjusted
for wastage. The waste factor will be accounted for in the pricing
process.
• No deduction to quantities for openings less than 0.05m3 or
reinforcing bars (rebar).
• Classify in categories as per the CIQS Method of Measurement
Cast-in-place concrete
Precast concrete
Mass concrete (need specific treatment)
• Separate take off by the mix (the specification will provide this
information e.g. 25 MPa concrete)
• Concrete Finishing and Curing
Measured in square metres/square feet, plan area of slab or
exposed surface of wall location, type of finish, sealers
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4.0. General measurement rules for formwork
Contact Face Area – actual m² surface of formwork in contact with the
concrete
Classify as per the function of concrete (e.g. footing, wall, column) and
as per the Method of Measurement of Construction Works:
• No deduction for openings not exceeding 10 m²
• Surfaces not exceeding 200 mm wide is measured linear in metres
• Linear formwork by length: keyways, recessed edges, grooves,
chases
• Circular formwork: Diameter and height
• Curved formwork: Radius and area
• Forming to walls and columns exceeding 3.5m in height shall be
measured separately in 1.5m increments
• Slab formwork- Where over 3.5m high, the height shall be stated in
increments of 1.5m
5.0. General measurement rules for reinforcement
Reinforcing Steel (Rebar)
fabrication and placing is normally subcontracted in North
America
take off by count x linear and convert to weight use RSIO
(Reinforcing Steel Institute of Ontario) handbook (kg per
meter)
Quick method - Add 10% to allow for laps, bends and hooks
List all bars of different sizes
Welded Wire Mesh (WWM)
by type and area
Stressing tendons
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Pre-stressing (pre-tensioned) tendons - Linear
Post-stressing (post-tensioned) tendons – Linear
Bonded tendons -Tube Ducts and Strand
Unbonded tendons
Steel deck subfloor - Area
Fibrous reinforcing - Area
6.0. General measurement rules for Miscellaneous Work
Anchors and Inserts - describe and count Waterstops and Saw-cuts - linear by length Expansion joints - type, size, length or sealant type and length Non-shrink grout for anchor bolts & base plates in m3
Example: Measurement of quantities for concrete works shown on the following drawing
ESTIMATE
Project: Foundation Plan 2.2 Project No: Estimate No: Page: of Concrete Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 030000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
031000 - Concrete Formwork031113 - Structural C.I.P. Concrete Formwork
.1 Formwork to foundation wall footing
.2 Formwork to foundation wall
.3 Form bulkhead; 200 wide
.4 Form keyway
.5 9.5 x 200 Anchor bolts
033000 - Cast-in-place Concrete 03310 0- Structural Concrete
.1 25 Mpa concrete in foundation footing
.2 25 Mpa concrete in foundation wall
.3 17.5 Mpa concrete slab to basement
.4 17.5 Mpa concrete slab to garage
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
RECAP
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ESTIMATE
Project: Foundation Plan 2.2 Project No: Estimate No: Page: 1 of 3Concrete Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 030000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
031000 - Concrete Formwork031113 - Structural C.I.P. Concrete Formwork
.1 Formwork to foundation wall footing 35 m2
.2 Formwork to foundation wall 335 m2
.3 Form bulkhead; 200 wide 1 m
.4 Form keyway 71 m
.5 9.5 x 200 Anchor bolts 36 ea
033000 - Cast-in-place Concrete 03310 0- Structural Concrete
.1 25 Mpa concrete in foundation footing 8 m3
.2 25 Mpa concrete in foundation wall 34 m3
.3 17.5 Mpa concrete slab to basement 15 m3
.4 17.5 Mpa concrete slab to garage 3 m3
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
RECAP
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ESTIMATE
Project: Foundation Plan 2.2 Project No: Estimate No: Page: 2 of 3Concrete Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 030000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
FormworkExt Length: 11300
6700Width: 12200
2* 3020060400
Less 4* 200 -8002* 600 1200
PCL 60800Int Length:Less
6700-200
-15005000 5000
Width: 500010000
Less -200
PCL of int. fdn wall 9800LessProj. to ftg: 2*140 -280
PCL of int. fdn ftg 9520
Fwk to ftg(ext 2 60.80 0.25 30.40(int 2 9.52 0.25 4.76
35.16 35 m2
Fwk to fdn wall (ext 2 60.80 2.39 290.62(int 2 9.80 2.39 46.84
(ddt Bulkhead 2 3.00 0.35 -2.10335.37 335 m2
Form bulkhead; 200 wide 2 0.35 0.70 1 m
Form keyway 60.80 60.809.80 9.80
70.60 71 m
Element/Trade:
Description
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ESTIMATE
Project: Foundation Plan 2.2 Project No: Estimate No: Page: 3 of 3Concrete Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 030000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
25 Mpa Concrete in footing(ext 60.80 0.48 0.25 7.30(int 9.52 0.48 0.25 1.14
8.44 8 m3
25 Mpa conc in fdn wall (ext 60.80 0.20 2.39 29.06(int 9.80 0.20 2.39 4.68
(ddt Bulkhead 3.00 0.20 0.35 -0.2133.54 34 m3
Basement Slab:Length 16500
less 2*200 -400
16100
Width 12200less 2*200 -400
11800
Garage Area:Length 6700
less 2*200 -400
6300
Width 5200less 2*200 -400
4800
17.5 Mpa concrete slab to basement 16.10 11.80 0.09 17.10Ddt 5.00 5.00 0.09 -2.25Add 0.60 3.60 0.09 0.19
15.04 15 m3
17.5 Mpa Concrete slab to garage 6.30 4.80 0.09 2.72 3 m3
Element/Trade:
Description
Concrete
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Assignment 4:
Determine the quantities of formwork, cast-in-place concrete and accessories required for the residential building shown in drawings A101 – 107 inclusive (Issued at the beginning of the course) as indicated below:
1. Formwork to foundation wall footing 2. Formwork to foundation wall 3. Form keyway 4. Anchor bolts 5. 25 Mpa concrete in foundation footing 6. 25 Mpa concrete in foundation wall 7. 17.5 Mpa concrete slab to basement
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Module Seven Measurement of Masonry
Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to:
1. Identify the scope of work for the masonry trade. 2. Outline the factors that impact the cost of masonry 3. Describe the process of masonry quantity take-off 4. Calculate the quantities of masonry for small buildings
1.0. Scope of the work – Masterformat: Division 4 - Masonry
In Masonry, the major materials include block, brick, stone and glass blocks. The mason is also responsible for the installation of lintels, integral flashings, joint wall reinforcing, ties, anchors, weep holes, and control and expansion joints. The following are the major scope of the work in Division 4- Masonry
Unit Masonry Clay Unit Masonry Concrete Unit Masonry Glass Unit Masonry
Stone Masonry Dry-placed Stone Wet-placed Stone Stone Trim
Masonry Accessories Control and expansion joints Embedded flashings Weep holes
Masonry Anchorage and Reinforcing Joint reinforcement Ties and anchor bolts Rebar Steel lintels
The following sketches illustrate joint reinforcement (Ladur type); ties and reinforcement to block walls:
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MASONRY ACCESSORIES - ILLUSTRATED
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2.0. Factors impacting the cost of masonry
The cost of masonry work is not only impacted by the type of the materials but also the amount of time required for a mason to lay a masonry unit. The labor hours vary with:
• Size, weight, and shape of the unit • Bond (pattern) • Number of openings • Whether the walls are straight or have jogs in them • Distance the units must be moved (both horizontally and vertically) • Shape and colour of the mortar joint
Estimators must read the specifications, check the drawings, and call the manufacturers and builder suppliers to determine the exact availability of the material, costs, and special requirements of the units needed. They must also take into account the above listed factors to determine labour costs. If the specifications are not clear as to what is required, estimators should call the consultants office to obtain the clarifications. They should never guess what the specifications mean.
3.0. General measurement rules for masonry
General rules:
• Masonry work is measured in m². • Measure the wall area Net in Place m² • Deduct any openings greater than 1.00 m² (10sf) • Masonry work circular/curved on plan is measured separately
Masonry is measured by the type of materials, type of the bonds, the thickness of the walls as well as the locations and specific requirements as follows:
• Facings • Backings to facings • Walls and partitions • Furring to wall • Fire protection
Measurement rules for Miscellaneous Work:
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• Reinforced block and tile lintels are measured linear in metres. • Masonry units in special shapes are enumerated. • Chimney caps are enumerated. • Joint reinforcement is measured in metres • Ties and anchor bolts etc. are enumerated • Note: Deduction for ties, only if the opening exceeds 5 m² • Rebar is estimated by the weight, obtained by listing bars of different
sizes and lengths and extending the total to kilograms or alternatively it is measured in metres stating the size.
• Steel lintels are measured in kilograms stating the size (check with specifications for supply and installation)
• Control and expansion joints are measured in linear metres • Embedded flashings are measured in linear metres • Weep holes are enumerated
4.0. Concrete masonry
Concrete blocks are manufactured in standard sizes. The standard modular face dimensions of the units are 200mm high and 400 mm long. Thicknesses available are 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mm. (These are nominal dimensions, and actual dimensions are 10 mm less. A 10 mm mortar joint provides face dimensions of 390 mm L x 190 mm H. It requires 12.5 blocks per square metre of wall.)
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Lintel Block
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Top course of block foundations should be filled or use solid top blocks
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5.0. Brick masonry
Clay bricks are manufactured in a variety of types and sizes. The following picture shows commonly manufactured bricks. Modular bricks are units in which the actual size plus a mortar joint can be assembled on a standard unit or module. e.g. the modular unit for metric brick sizes is 100 mm, the actual size of the brick (90 mm) plus the thickness of a mortar joint (10 mm) is the nominal size.
Estimators must check the specifications to determine the exact type of material; the type of mortar required; the shape, thickness and color of the joint itself; and the style of the bond to determine the unit cost of the bricks. The estimator must also determine the type of lintels, flashing, reinforcing, and weep holes required, and who supplies and installs each item.
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International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 66
6.0. Stone masonry
Stone masonry is primarily used as a veneer for interior and exterior walls; it is also used for walkways, riprap, and trim on buildings. Stone masonry is usually divided into that which is laid up dry with no mortar be used and wet masonry in which mortar is used.
Stone is used in many sizes, bonds and shapes. The types of the stone most commonly used are granite, sandstone, marble, slate, limestone, and trap. The finishes available include various split finishes and tooled, rubbed, machine, cross-broached, and brushed finishes.
Estimators need to check the specifications to determine the type and color of the stone as well as the size, thickness of the stone required. Estimators also need to pay attention to the installation of the stone as well as the accessory cost.
Stone is usually estimated by the area in square meters, with the thickness given. Stone trim is usually estimated by the meter or enumerated. Deduct all openings but not the corners.
7.0. Measurement techniques in masonry
• The length of exterior wall will be obtained by applying the centre line principle
• The height will normally be taken up to some convenient level, such as the wall plate level or ceiling line/soffit level. Any additional areas of exterior wall such as gables and parapets at higher levels are then taken-off.
• Interior walls usually follow the measurement of exterior walls. • A careful check should be made for the type and thickness of each
partition, and where there is a number of different types of partition, colour each type in a different colour on the floor plans and mark each length on the floor plan as it is taken-off
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International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 68
• Extra over for various special patterns: brick-on-edge, sills, circular, etc.
The formation of decorative patterns and features is measured in m² or m as "extra labour and material", describing the decorative pattern or feature.
• Extra over for bond beams in linear metres: add re-bar and concrete for bond beams (lintels)
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International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 70
Pro Masory-Jenson Plan Project No: Estimate No: Page: 1 of 2
Measur ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: 040000 Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit
Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page
040000 Masonry040500 Commom Work Results for Masonry
1. 12.5 x 200 mm anchor bolts on top of the foundation wall 18 No.
2. 800 x 400 mm metal basement windows 4 No.
042200 Concrete Unit Masonry
3. 200 mm thick regular concrete block 64 m2
4. 200 mm thick semi-solid concrete block 11 m2
Carried Forw ard to Page:
ESTIMATE
Element/Trade: Masonry
Description
Recap
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 71
Project: Masory-Jenson Plan Project No: Estimate No: Page: 2 of 2
Measured: ZYH Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit
Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forw ard from Page:
040500 Commom Work Results for Masonry12.5 x 200 mm anchor boltsPCL of Fdn wall
108005500
2* 16300 32600Less 4* 200 -800
31800
2400 31800
14 14+4
12.5 x 200 mm anchor bolts 18 No.
042200 Concrete Unit Masonry200 mm thick regular concrete blockLength: 31800
Height: 2400Less 2 courses -400
2000
200 mm thick regular concrete block 31.80 2.00 63.60 64 m2
200 mm thick semi-solid concrete block 31.80 0.40 12.72Ddt windows) 4 0.80 0.40 -1.28
11.44 11 m2
Carried Forw ard to Page:
ESTIMATE
Element/Trade:
Description
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Assignment 5:
Determine the quantities for masonry and accessories required for the residential building shown in drawings A101 – 107 inclusive (Issued at the beginning of the course) as indicated below:
1. Brick veneer 2. Metal ties 3. Metal flashing 4. Weep holes
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Module Eight Measurement of Wood Framing
Learning Objectives After studying this section you will be able to:
1. Explain the steps to calculate lumber requirements for wood framing
2. Determine the lumber requirements for floor and wall framing
3. Calculate the quantities of roof sheathing required for a small house
1.0. General
Wood frame construction is the most widely used system for the construction
of residential buildings in Canada. Generally called rough carpentry work, it
includes framing to floors, walls and roof and any miscellaneous work which
use wood, for example, blockings or supports.
Lumber is a general term that includes boards, dimension lumber, and timber.
It is a product that is manufactured by sawing logs into rough-sized lumber
that is edged, resawn to final dimension, and cut to length.
Dimension softwood lumber is sold by local lumberyards or builder suppliers
in standard lengths of 610 mm (2 feet) multiples ranging from 2440 (8 feet) to
6100 mm (20 feet). The following are the stock lengths normally are used in
construction:
Metric Imperial
2440 mm 8'
3050 mm 10'
3660 mm 12'
4270 mm 14'
4880 mm 16'
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 74
5490 mm 18'
Hardwood and furniture grade lumber is ordered and sold by the board foot
(Imperial measure) or by the cubic meter (metric measure).
1 B.F(board foot) = a piece of lumber that measures (nominal) 1" x 12" x 12"
mfbm (MBF)– 1,000 BF
Board Foot Conversion:
Size of lumber x Length = BF
12 (Constant)
Example:
2” x 6 “ x 14’ = (1 x 14) =14 BF
2” x 4 “ x 14’ = (0.67 x 14) =9 BF
2.0. General measurement rules for wood framing
• Measure lumber in linear metres (lineal feet) - no specific stock length
• Measure lumber by the number of pieces – in specific stock length
• Identify separately under the headings:
o Dimensions
o Grade
o Species
3.0. General measurement rules for wood floor framing
• Steel beams - measured by length. Specify the size stating the weight per
metre/foot.
• Steel adjustable posts and bearing plates measured by the piece
• Sill plates - measured in lineal metre (lineal feet)
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• Joists – Identify the dimension of the lumber and the stock length, record
by number of pieces
• Bridging - measured by the piece (or set) stating joist centres, depth and
method (solid or cross)
Sheathing - measure in square metres (square feet) and convert to sheets
(4’ X 8’)
No deductions for openings under 2 square metres (20 square feet)
Common boards, tongue and groove, plywood and other types of
sheathing are kept separate
4.0. Measurement illustrations for wood floor framing
The floor framing generally consists of a wood (steel) beam, sill plate, floor joist,
joist headers, and subflooring.
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4250
4250
10600
8500
HEADER DOUBLE JOIST COMMON JOISTOR JOIST
S150X18 STEEL BEAM
HEADER JOIST
TRIMMER JOISTTAIL JOIST
END BLOCKING
END JOIST
CROSS BRIDGING
END BLOCKING
FLOOR FRAMING PLAN
AREA 1
AREA 2
FIGURE 1
Wood (steel) Beam: Beam length = Inside dimension + bearing distance
The bearing distance for steel beam is 89 mm at each side.
Sill Plate: Sill plates are most commonly 38 X 140, 38 X 184, and 38 X 235 and
are placed on the foundation so the length of sill plate required is the distance
around the perimeter of the building. Lengths ordered will depend on the
particular building. Not all wood-framed buildings require a sill plate so the details
should be checked; but generally, where there are floor joists, there are sill
plates. The length of sill is often taken off as the distance around the building.
Furthermore, the sill lumber is typically treated and should be kept separate on
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 77
the quantity takeoff since treated lumber is more expensive.
Wood Floor Joists: The wood joists should be taken off and separated into the
various sizes and lengths required. The spacing most commonly used for joists is
400 mm on centre, but spacings of 300 mm and 600 mm are also found. The
most commonly used sizes for floor joists are 38 X 140, 38 X 184, and 38 X 235
and 38 X 286, although wider and deeper lumber is sometimes used.
To determine the number of joists required for any given area, the length of the
floor is divided by the joist spacing, and then one joist is added for the extra joist
that is required at the end of the span. If the joists are to be doubled under
partitions, or if headers frame into them, extra joists should be added for each
occurrence.
The length of the joist is taken as the inside dimension of its span plus 38 mm at
each end for bearing on the wall or sill.
Joist Estimating Steps
1. From the foundation plan and wall section, determine the size of the
floor joists required.
2. Determine the number of floor joists required by first finding the number
of spaces, then adding one extra joist to enclose the last space.
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3. Multiply by the number of bays.
4. Add extra joists for partitions that run parallel to the joists.
5. Determine the required length of the floor joists.
Trimmers and Headers: Openings in the floor, such as for stairs or fireplaces,
are framed with trimmers running in the direction of the joists and headers that
support the tail joists.
Unless the specifications say otherwise, when the header length is 1.20 m or less
most codes allow single headers to be used. For header lengths greater than
1.20 m, codes usually require double headers. For trimmer lengths less than 0.80
m, single trimmers are required and for lengths longer than 0.80 m double
trimmers are required.(Refer Figure A.7)
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 79
EXAMPLE 1:
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 80
8500
4250
2 5 0 038
X23
5@40
0 O
C
1 0 6 0 0
1 0 6 0 0
2 5 0 m m F D N W A L L
M A I N F L O O R P L A N
A
TR
US
SE
S @
600
OC
F O U N D A T I O N P L A N
A
A R E A 2
8500
4250
W 1 5 0 X 1 8 S T E E L B E A M
38X
235@
400
OC
900
A R E A 1
7 5 m m C O N C S L A B6 m i l V A P O U R B A R R I E R2 0 0 m m G R A N U L A R A
2 5 0 m m F D N W A L L
1 5 . 5 T & G S H E A T H I N G3 8 X 2 3 5 J O I S T @ 4 0 0 O C
1 1 m m S H E A T H I N G3 8 X 1 4 0 S P R U C ER 2 0 I N S U L A T I O N6 m i l V A P O U R B A R R I E R1 2 . 5 m m D R Y W A L L
3 8 X 8 9 S P R S I L L P L A T E
1 0 0 m m W E E P E R T I L E2 0 0 m m W E E P E R S T O N E
4 0 0 X 2 0 0 F T G
W A L L S E C T I O N A
F I G U R E 3
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Floor Joints:
AREA 1:
14’ length lumber:
Layout Length = 10600
Joist spacing /400
= 26.50
Rounded = 27 (spaces)
End Joist = 1
Total = 28 (Regular joists)
AREA 2:
14’ length lumber:
Layout Length = 10600-2500
Joist spacing /400
= 20.25
Rounded = 21 (spaces)
End Joist = 1
Trimmer Joist = 4 (2 at each end of stair)
Total = 26
10’ length lumber:
Layout Length = 10600
Joist spacing /400
= 26.5
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 82
Rounded = 27 (spaces)
Less 21
Total = 6
Sill Plate:
PCL of the sill plate (38mm x 89mm):
10.60-0.022=10.58
8.50-0.022=8.48
2* 19.06
38.12
Less 4*89 -0.36
37.76 (38m)
Header Joints:
10.60-0.022=10.58
2 *10.58
21.16
So, to minimize the waste, 5 of 14’ length lumbers are needed for header joists and 3 of 10’ length lumbers are needed for header joists at stair opening
Bridging:
10600
/400
26.50 (rounded up to 27)
Total Bridging: 2 x 27 =54 sets
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Solid Blocking:
8500/1200=7.08 (Rounded up to 8)
Less 1
7
2 x 7 = 14
400 x 14 = 5600
2 of 10’ length lumbers are needed for solid blocking
Floor Sheathing:
10.60-0.022=10.58
8.50-0.022=8.48
10.58 x 8.48=89.72 m2
89.72/2.98=30 sheets
EXAMPLE 2
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International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 85
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 86
Floor Joists:
AREA 1:
16’ length lumber:
Layout Length = 6700
Joist spacing /400
= 16.75
Rounded = 17 (spaces)
End Joist = 1
Double Joist (proj.) = 2 (left and right side)
Total = 20
14’ length lumber:
Layout Length = 10600
Joist spacing /400
= 26.5
Rounded = 27 (spaces)
Less 17
Total = 10
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 87
5.0. Measurement illustrations for wood wall framing
The exterior and interior walls need to be estimate separately since they
normally have different finish materials. The exterior walls are taken off first, then
the interior walls.
Basically, most of the wall framing consists of bottom plates, studs, top plates,
headers (lintels), sills, trimmers, braces and finish materials
3
8
4 5
6
7
1213
11
109
2
WALL FRAMING
1 WALL SHEATHING2 BLOCKING3 TIE-IN4 TOP PLATE5 CAP PLATE6 LINTEL7 ROUGH SILL8 REGULAR STUD9 BOTTOM PLATE10 REGULAR STUD NEXT TO TRIMMER STUD11 TRIMMER STUD12 TRIPLE CRIPPLE STUD13 CRIPPLE STUD
FIGURE 9
Plates: The most commonly used assembly incorporates a double-top plate and
a single-bottom plate, although other combinations may be used. The estimator
first begins by reviewing the specifications and drawings for the size of materials
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 88
(commonly 38 X 89 or 38 X 140), the grade of lumber to be used, and
information on the number of plates required
The total length of plates is determined by multiplying the length of wall times the
number of plates.
Studs: The stud takeoff should be separated into the various sizes and lengths
required. Studs are most commonly 38 X 89 at 400 mm or 600 mm centres, or 38
X 140 at 600 mm on centre. The primary advantage of using 38 X 140 is that it
allows for 140 mm of insulation as compared with 89 mm of insulation with 38 X
89 studs.
Quick method to calculate the wall studs:
Quick Method (by using a stud spacing measurement less than the actual
specified stud spacing, this will allow for extra framing at wall intersections
and openings.
Stud spacing 400 mm (16")
1 stud every 300 mm (12")
Stud spacing 600 mm (24")
1 stud every 500 mm (20")
Hints: Normally need to add another 10% for waste when purchase material
Long method to calculate the wall studs:
Divide wall length by stud spacing plus adding an appropriate amount of
studs for details such as corners, intersections, openings and bearing
posts
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 89
Corners - wall meeting at 90°; Intersections - interior walls butting the wall being
measured.
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Bracing: Allow for bracing (14' in length) to walls greater than 3.66 m (12'):
o Exterior walls need 3 braces per wall (1 brace at each end is
removed when an adjacent exterior wall is raised)
o Interior walls require 2 braces (as the ends can be fastened to other
walls)
Headers (Lintels): Headers are required to support the weight of the building
over the openings. A check of the specifications and drawings must be made to
determine if the headers required are solid wood, headers and cripples, or
plywood sheathing. For ease of construction, many carpenters and homebuilders
feel that a solid header provides best results and they use 2 or 3-38 X 235 as
headers throughout the project, even in non-load-bearing walls. Shortages and
higher costs of materials have increased the usage of plywood and smaller size
headers.
The header length must also be considered. The header extends over the top of
the studs and it is wider than the opening. Most specifications and building codes
require that headers for openings up to 1800 mm wide must extend over one
stud at each end, and headers for openings 1800 mm and wider must extend
over two studs at each end.
Wall Sheathing: Exterior wall sheathing may be a fiberboard material soaked
with a bituminous material, insulation board (often urethane insulation covered
with an aluminum reflective coating), waferboard, or plywood. Carefully check the
specifications and working drawings to determine what is required (insulation
requirements, thickness). Fiberboard and insulation board sheathing must be
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 92
covered by another material (such as brick, wood, or aluminum siding), while the
plywood may be covered or left exposed. All of these sheathing materials are
taken off first by determining the area required and then determining the number
of sheets required. The most accurate takeoff is made by sketching a layout of
the material required (as with the sheathing in floor framing). The estimator must
check the height of sheathing carefully, as a building with a sloped soffit may
require a 2740 mm length, while 2440 mm may be sufficient when a boxed-in
soffit is used. Openings in the exterior wall are neglected unless they are large
and the sheathing that would be cut out can be used elsewhere. Otherwise, it is
considered waste.
Other consideration: Allow for backing (2 - 38 x 89 pieces) to walls parallel to
trusses and joists.
EXAMPLE 1:
Determining the quantities for wood wall framing
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ESTIMATE
Project: SMALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Project No: Estimate No: Page: 1 of 5Div. 6 - Wood Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
WALL FRAMING
1. Plates; Spruce #2.1 Exterior; 38 x 140 (2" x 6") 93 m
305 lf
.2 Interior; 38 x 140 (2" x 6") 8 m25 lf
.3 Interior; 38 x 89 (2" x 4") 60 m195 lf
2. Studs; Spruce #2.1 Exterior; 38 x 140 (2" x 6") 92 pcs
.2 Interior; 38 x 140 (2" x 6") 5 pcs
.3 Interior; 38 x 89 (2" x 4") 85 pcs
3. Wall bracing; Spruce #2.1 Exterior; 38 x 89 x 4270 12 pcs
(2" x 4"x 14')
.2 Interior; 38 x 89 x 4270 4 pcs(2" x 4"x 14')
4. Backing; Spruce #2.1 38 x 89 (2" x 4") 34 m
5. Lintels; Douglas Fir #2.1 38 x 235 x 2440 8 pcs
(2" x 10"x 8')
6. 7.5mm Wall Sheathing 76 m2
7. Building Paper 76 m2
Total:
Element/Trade:
Description
RECAP
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 97
ESTIMATE
Project: SMALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Project No: Estimate No: Page: 2 of 5Div. 6 - Wood Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
Length of Exterior Wall : 38 x 14074008100
2* 15500
31000
Length of Interior Wall : 38 x 898100
less 2*140 -280
Lr/Dr - Kitchen/Bed 7820Bedroom 2665
" 931Bedroom/Closet 621
" 621" 856
1067add 2*89 178
Closet 124514961090571050
Bathroom/Hall 2424Kitchen/stairs 2665
19848
Length Interior Wall : 38 x 140Bath/stairs 2665
less -89
2576
Exterior Studs 38 x 140:
Plates; 38 x 140 Spr #2 3 31.00 93.00 93 m
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
First Floor Wall Framing
Dimensions by referenced location from drawing
2 top1 bottom
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ESTIMATE
Project: SMALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Project No: Estimate No: Page: 3 of 5Div. 6 - Wood Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
No. of Studs:Spacing 600:
600 31000
51.67 52Corner 2.5 x 4 10Intersection 2 x 6 12Opening 3 x 6 18
Total 92
Studs; 38 x 140 x 2440(ext 92 92 Pcs.
Interior Studs 38 x 140:
Plates; 38 x 140 3 2.58 7.74 8 m
No. of Studs:Spacing 600:
600 2576
4.29 5
Precut Studs; 38 x 140 x 2440(int 5 5 Pcs.
Interior Studs 38 x 89:
Plates; 38 x 89 3 19.85 59.55 60 m
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
Exterior Studs (cont'd)
Wall between.bath/stair
International Quantity Surveying Practices - Course Pack Page 99
ESTIMATE
Project: SMALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Project No: Estimate No: Page: 4 of 5Div. 6 - Wood Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
No. of Studs:Spacing 400:
400 19848
49.62 50Corner 2.5 x 2 5Intersection 2.5 x 6 15Opening 2.5 x 6 15
Total 85
Studs; 38 x 89 x 2440(int 85 85 Pcs.
Wall Bracing 38 x 89:
ext) 3 4 12int) 2 2 4
16stock 4270 mm (14' ) 16 Pcs.
Walls Requiring Backing:
Kitchen/stairs 2665Bath/stairs 2576Bedroom 2665
" 931Closet 621
" 621
10079
74002* 160 -320
7080
Backing; 38 x 89ext) 2 7.08 14.16int) 2 10.08 20.16
34.32 34 m
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
Interior Studs (cont'd)
Material allowance for strapping to walls parallel to the trusses.
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ESTIMATE
Project: SMALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Project No: Estimate No: Page: 5 of 5Div. 6 - Wood Measured: Estimate Type: Date:
Element/UCI Reference: Extended: Priced: Checked:
No. Dimensions Extensions Quantity Unit Unit Price
Cost ( $ )
Brought Forward from Page:
Window Frame # 1:Opening 1100End Bearing 100
2* 12002400
stock 2440 mm (8' ) 2 2 Pcs
Window Frame # 2:Opening 2000End Bearing 100
2* 21004200
stock 2440 mm (8' ) 4 4 Pcs
Door Frame :Opening 810End Bearing 100
2* 9501900
stock 2440 mm (8' ) 2 2 Pcs
8 Pcs.
7.5mm Wall Sheathing 31.00 2.44 75.64 76 m2
Building Paper 31.00 2.44 75.64 76 m2
Carried Forward to Page:
Element/Trade:
Description
Lintels - 38 x 235(2 x 10):
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6.0. Measurement illustrations for roof framing
Most roofs are framed using trusses. Therefore Roof Framing is not a very
extensive quantity take-off exercise. The truss manufacturer will likely request a
set of the plans and do the take-off and shop drawings for the roof.
Roof framing includes:
Trusses (# of Common and Gable, state slope, span and overhang)
Lookout Sets (Ladder -shaped) - state slope, span and projection
Roof sheathing
Sheathing roof clips
Bracing for trusses
Rough Fascia
Ceiling Strapping
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Steps for estimating roof sheathing:
• Determine the area on plan
• Add the overhangs or projections
• Apply a Slope Factor: Calculated by obtaining the hypotenuse and dividing
by the run
How to calculate the slope factor:
The design slope of 1/3:
The rise is 1 and the run is 3
The hypotenuse is: = 3.162
3.612/3 = 1.054
Slope factor for 1/3 is 1.054
)3()1( 22+
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List of the slope factors:
4/12 = 1.054
5/12 = 1.083
6/12 = 1.118
1/3 = 1.054
1/2 = 1.118
85/250 = 1.056
Recommended waste factors for different types of the roof:
Gable Roof 10%
Gabe Roof c/w Valley 15%
Hip Roof 20%
Hip Roof c/w Valley 25%
Full Hip Roof 30%
EXAMPLE 2:
Determining the Number of Sheets required for Roof Sheathing
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GABLE ROOFROOF SLOPE: 5/12
6500
10000
ROOF LINE
HOUSE PERIMETER
GABLE ROOF
Roof Area = 10.80 x 7.30
(400 mm overhang) 78.84 m2
Slope factor = 5/12
Sheathing Requirements = 78.84 x 1.083 /2.98
= 85.38/2.98
= 28.65
= 29 sheets
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HIP ROOFROOF SLOPE: 1/3
5800
9000
ROOF LINE
HOUSE PERIMETER 300
300
HIP ROOF TYPE B(1/3 slope)
Roof Area = 9.60 x 6.40
= 61.44 m2
Slope factor = 1/3
Sheathing Requirements = 61.44 x 1.054 /2.98
= 64.76/2.98
= 21.73
= 22 sheets
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FU LL H IP R O O FR O O F S LO P E: 85/250
9000
9000
R O O F LIN E
H O U S E P E R IM ETER
400
400
FULL HIP ROOF
Roof Area = 9.80 x 9.80
= 96.04 m2
Slope factor = 85/250
Sheathing Requirements = 96.04 x 1.056 /2.98
= 101.42/2.98
= 34.03
= 34 sheets
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COMBINATION ROOFROOF SLOPE: 4/12 GABLE
5300
11300
8300
4300
3000
350
350
ROOF LINE
HOUSE PERIMETER
350
COMBINATION ROOF
Roof Area = (12.00 x 6.00) + (5.00 x 3.00)
= 72.00 + 15.00
= 87.00 m2
Slope factor = 4/12
Sheathing Requirements = 87.00 x 1.054 /2.98
= 91.70/2.98
= 30.77
= 31 sheets
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Assignment 6:
Determine the quantities of wood framing required for the residential building shown in drawings A101 – 107 inclusive (Issued at the beginning of the course) as indicated below:
First Floor Framing:
Include the following floor framing items only
1. Steel beam and columns 2. Sill Plate 3. Beam strap 4. Floor joist 5. Cross bridging 6. Floor sheathing 7. Joist hangers
Include the following wall framing items only
1. Wall plates 2. Wall studs 3. Wall bracing 4. Lintels 5. Wall Sheathing
Roof sheathing
1. Plywood sheathing 2. Sheathing roof clips