Surfactant Based Boiling System For

Zero Gravity Applications Md. Qaisar Raza, Nirbhay Kumar, Rishi Raj

Thermal and Fluid Transport Laboratory

Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Patna

ABSTRACT

METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

MOTIVATION

Boiling is widely used in earth gravity

• in various energy systems

• for heating and cooling

Comparison of HTC (Mudawar 2001)

Thermal management is becoming a challenge

in electronics and energy systems

POOL BOILING Heated surface is completely submerged in a pool of liquid

Utilizes latent heat of vaporization to dissipate large heat

flux within small temperature difference

INTRODUCTION

WHY BOILING IN ZERO-G? Thermal management of space-based infrastructure for longer duration

microgravity and planetary missions

• space station, astronaut’s suit

• rocket, satellite

• cryogenic fuel storage etc.

At zero-g buoyancy becomes less

dominant

Bubbles coalesce together → large

dry out area → low CHF and HTC

External stimuli for bubble removal

makes the system bulky and energy

intensive

CHALLENGES

BUBBLE BEHAVIOR

Surfactants DTAB SDS

Formulae CH3(CH2)11N(CH3)3Br C12H25SO4Na

Ionic Nature Cationic Anionic

Form White powder White powder

MW 308.34 288.3

CMC ~ 4600 ppm ~ 2500 ppm

Surfactants Triton-X100 Tween 80

Formulae C4H21(OCH2CH2)9-10OH C64H124O26

Ionic Nature Non-ionic Non-ionic

Form Clear Liquid Liquid

MW 624 1310

CMC ~ 200 ppm ~ 15 ppm

RESULTS

Present

Work

Downward

heater Microgravity

hmax ~ 36 kW/m2-K ~ 19 kW/m2-K

(Guo et al. 1992)

~ 7 kW/m2-K

(Zell et al. 1989)

CHF ~ 500 kW/m2 ~ 340 kW/m2

(Su et al. 2008)

~ 229 kW/m2 (FC72) (Kim et al. 2002)

~ 125 kW/m2 (Water) (Oka et al. 1995)

More than 6000 fps images are acquired to elucidate the bubble departure

HTC and CHF enhancement are ~2.4 and ~2.5 times, respectively, compared to

pure water

Great potential for zero gravity applications

Preparing to perform experiment in zero gravity condition

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Mudawar I. Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions, 2001, 24, 122-141

Raj, R; Kim. J; Mc Quillen, J. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2009, 131, 091502-1.

Guo, Z; El-Genk, M. S. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1992, 35(9), 2109-2117.

Zell, M; Straub, J; Weinzierl A. Physico Chemical Hydrodynamics, 1989, 11, 813-823.

Su, G. H; Wu, Y. W; Sugiyama, K. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2008, 34(11), 1058-1066.

Kim, J; Benton, J. F. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 23, 2002, 497–508.

Oka, T; Abe, Y; Mori, Y. H; Nagashima, A. Transactions of the ASME, 1995, 117, 408-417.

Boiling heat transfer is very efficient mode of heat transfer

• Primarily governed by bubble departure which relies on buoyancy/gravity

Advantage of boiling is lost in space

• No buoyancy → bubble departure absent → heat transfer deteriorates

Zero gravity experiments are rare and expensive

Inverted heater configuration to mimic zero gravity like situation

• Bubble do not depart like zero gravity

A novel surfactant induced bubble departure is demonstrated against the buoyancy

Bubble departure frequency of the order of ~15Hz under inverted heater is obtained

More than 100% enhancement in heat transfer performance

Bubble under downward facing heater behave similar to zero gravity

Aqueous surfactant solution with concentration at CMC is used

Triton X-100

DTAB SDS

Tween-80 DI Water

Triton X-100

DTAB

SDS

Tween-80

f (Hz)

18

12

6

0 100 200 300 400 500

q” (kW/m2)

q”

(kW

/m2)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 0 4 8 12 16 20

ΔTsup (°C)

ΔTsub = 50°C

ΔTsub = 50°C

Steam power plant

Courtesy: TEPCO, LENOVO

AC Systems

Lenovo laptop

Sony Xperia Z5

Heat Pipe

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Dr. V. S. Jasvanth, Dr. Amrit Ambirajan and Dr. Abhijit A. Adoni, ISAC ISRO

(Project No. ISRO/RES/3/674/2014-15)

400

300

200

100

4

10-2 10-2 10-1 100 101

q”

(kW

/m2)

Buoyancy

dominated regime

Surface tension

dominated regime

Buoyancy

dominated regime

a/g

Raj et al. (2009)

Bottom View

Time lapse Image

Triton X-100 DTAB SDS Tween-80 DI Water

~ 110 kW/m2

~ 200 kW/m2

~ 380 kW/m2

~ 500 kW/m2 Sideways

departed

bubble

(ΔTsub = 50°C)

DTAB

~ 200 kW/m2

0ms 20ms 48ms 64ms 82ms

Wet patches

HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE

Insulation Dry Patch

Heater

Vapor

ATF