Post on 13-Dec-2015
Surface Coating Operations:
Metal Parts & Products
presented by Terone Preston 2007
California Air Resources Board California Air Resources Board
Presents: Presents:
Metal Parts and Products Coating
Oil Field Production and RefiningOil Field Production and RefiningMotor Fuel TransferMotor Fuel TransferAutomotive TailpipesAutomotive TailpipesSolvent useSolvent use
Hydrocarbon Sources
Ozone Concentration Maps
Ozone Causes:Ozone Causes:Alveolar injury leading to pulmonary inflammation Alveolar injury leading to pulmonary inflammation and permanent lung damageand permanent lung damage
Respiratory discomfort to sensitive populationsRespiratory discomfort to sensitive populations
$330 Million in crop damage each year$330 Million in crop damage each year
Damage & failure of paints and rubber parts Damage & failure of paints and rubber parts
Who Cares?
Corrosion protectionCorrosion protection
Restore factory colorRestore factory color
Change color or make uniformChange color or make uniform
Restore protection to repaired spotRestore protection to repaired spot
Reduce wearReduce wear
Why Paint ?
Occurs between dissimilar metals
Ion Exchanges
Galvanic Corrosion
CoatingsCoatings
A thin film of organic material A thin film of organic material adhering to a mechanical device to adhering to a mechanical device to protect it from corrosion or assaultprotect it from corrosion or assaultby its environment. Consequently by its environment. Consequently the color, and texture of the the color, and texture of the surface are also altered.surface are also altered.
What is a Coating?
•Binders or Resin•Solvents, Thinners and Diluents•Pigments & Extenders•Additives
CoatingsCoatings
200-9200-9
The Four Components of any Coating
A soluble solid capable of hardening into a thin film
CoatingsCoatings
Binder
AcetatesAcetates Latex Latex
AcrylicsAcrylics Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose
Alkyds Alkyds Polyurethanes Polyurethanes
Asphaltics SiliconeAsphaltics Silicone
Epoxies VinylsEpoxies Vinyls
TriglycidalisocyanuratesTriglycidalisocyanurates
CoatingsCoatings
Common Binders/Resins
Air dryAir dryThermoset/ ThermocureThermoset/ Thermocure
Baked cure 194Baked cure 194ooFFThermoplasticThermoplasticRadiationRadiation
CoatingsCoatings
Curing
Curing Curing
Enamels are often cured by Enamels are often cured by combining two components combining two components that release or absorb a water that release or absorb a water molecule.molecule.
Exotic curing triggers include UV, Exotic curing triggers include UV, IR and Electron beamIR and Electron beam
CoatingsCoatings
CuringCuring
LacquerLacquer - - cures by the cures by the
evaporation of the solventevaporation of the solvent
EnamelEnamel - - cures by an irreversible cures by an irreversible
chemical reaction involving various chemical reaction involving various
components or atmospheric water components or atmospheric water
or oxygenor oxygen
CoatingsCoatings
CoatingsCoatings
Liquids added to reduce Liquids added to reduce viscosity, promote flow viscosity, promote flow and permit drying by and permit drying by evaporationevaporation
Solvents, Diluents and Thinners
Organic Solvent TypesOrganic Solvent Types
CoatingsCoatings
Terpenes Terpenes pine tree extractpine tree extract
Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons Aliphatic (mineral spirits)Aliphatic (mineral spirits)
Naphthenic, Aromatic (Toluene & Xylene)Naphthenic, Aromatic (Toluene & Xylene)
Oxygenated Oxygenated Alcohols, Esters & KetonesAlcohols, Esters & Ketones
Furans Furans Tetrahydrofuran for polyvinyl chlorideTetrahydrofuran for polyvinyl chloride
Chlorinated Chlorinated Trichloroethane, Methylene chlorideTrichloroethane, Methylene chloride
CoatingsCoatings
1) mechanical strength1) mechanical strength2) UV protection2) UV protection3) Hold out of prior color3) Hold out of prior color4) color (see additives)4) color (see additives)
Pigments are small, hard particles added for:
Some Common PigmentsSome Common Pigments
CoatingsCoatings
Titanium Dioxide Titanium Dioxide Powdered Metals Powdered Metals Zinc Oxide Zinc Oxide Stainless Steel FlakeStainless Steel Flake
Antimony Trioxide Antimony Trioxide Bronze, ZincBronze, Zinc
AluminumAluminum Para RedPara Red Carbon Black
Iron Oxide GraphiteToluidine Red Black Iron
CoatingsCoatings
Extenders are less expensive pigments with poorer hold outCalcium Carbonate
Talc (Magnesium Silicate)
China Clay (Aluminum Silicate)
Calcium Silicate
Silica Mica
Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate)
Barytes or Blanc Fixe (Barium Sulfate)
AdditivesAdditives
CoatingsCoatings
A chemical added for a specific A chemical added for a specific effect on either the wet or dry film. effect on either the wet or dry film. examples: examples: luster enhancer, drying luster enhancer, drying
speed, hardness, anti fish eyespeed, hardness, anti fish eye
Normally totals less than 5% of Normally totals less than 5% of liquid volumeliquid volume
AdditivesAdditivesCoatingsCoatings
Skinning agents Skinning agents methyl ethyl ketoximemethyl ethyl ketoxime, , Wetting agents Wetting agents (for pigment) anionic, (for pigment) anionic,
cationic and nonionic cationic and nonionic soya lecithinsoya lecithin, , Anti-foaming Anti-foaming (usually water-borne) (usually water-borne)
silicone and non-siliconesilicone and non-silicone, , Coalescing Coalescing (latex emulsion)(latex emulsion) , ,Thickening Thickening (water borne) (water borne) methyl cellulosemethyl cellulose, , Microbicides Microbicides mercurial & nonmercurialmercurial & nonmercurial others: others: luster enhancer, drying speed, hardness, anti fish eyeluster enhancer, drying speed, hardness, anti fish eye
Water as a DiluentWater as a Diluent
x grams of solids x grams of solids covers area ycovers area y
x grams of solids x grams of solids covers area ycovers area y
solidssolids
organic organic solventssolvents
solidssolids
waterwater
cosolventcosolvent
solventssolvents
CoatingsCoatings
A Coating System
Compatability Intercoat
Topcoat
Substrate: Steel, Plastic or other Primer/sealer/surfacer
1 to 5 mils eachPowder
ROG Control Strategies for CoatingsROG Control Strategies for Coatings
Use ReductionUse Reduction
• • Plating instead of coatingPlating instead of coating
• • Use of Exempt SolventsUse of Exempt Solvents
• • Use of Water-Borne ProductsUse of Water-Borne Products
• • Increased Solids ContentsIncreased Solids Contents
• • Increased Transfer EfficiencyIncreased Transfer Efficiency
Retrofit Control DevicesRetrofit Control Devices
• • Capture and ReuseCapture and Reuse
• • Capture and DestroyCapture and Destroy
ControlControl
1994 Coating Consumption by type1994 Coating Consumption by type
Type Million Gallons PercentType Million Gallons Percent
WaterWater 586 50.9 586 50.9
Hi-Sol 110 9.6Hi-Sol 110 9.6
Powder 70 6.0Powder 70 6.0
Radiation Cure 6.4 0.5Radiation Cure 6.4 0.5
Non Comp High VOC Non Comp High VOC 378 378 32.932.9
1149.6 1001149.6 100
CoatingsCoatings
Exempt SolventsExempt Solvents
Vary by DistrictVary by District
Have a Variety of Human Health Effects Have a Variety of Human Health Effects Including Anesthesia and Intoxication Including Anesthesia and Intoxication
Stratospheric Ozone DepletionStratospheric Ozone Depletion
Sometimes Incompatible with Aluminum Sometimes Incompatible with Aluminum or Water or Water
CoatingsCoatings
200-12
Waterborne Pro and ConWaterborne Pro and Con
reduced air emissions increased water and HAP reduced fire hazard emissions low cure temps pretreatment becomes more easy clean up critical drying times controlled
more by weatherthan by additives
higher viscosity & air pressure means lower TE
rust proof equipment required
CoatingsCoatings
200-11
CosolventCosolventaka coupling agentaka coupling agent
a solvent that causes two a solvent that causes two immiscible liquids to miximmiscible liquids to mix
may comprise up to 30% of the may comprise up to 30% of the liquid in a waterborne coatingliquid in a waterborne coating
CoatingsCoatings
Know your Waterborne coatingsKnow your Waterborne coatings
Dispersions- are usually transparent Dispersions- are usually transparent
like coconut milklike coconut milkPolymers- are usually translucent like Polymers- are usually translucent like
stained glassstained glass
Emulsions- are most often opaque,Emulsions- are most often opaque,
like milk or Elmer’s gluelike milk or Elmer’s glue
CoatingsCoatings
For information on For information on Waterborne solutions:Waterborne solutions:
Water on the web:Water on the web:
www.specialchem4coatings.comwww.specialchem4coatings.com
www.cage.rti.org/altern.cfm
www.paint.org
www.paintcenter.orgwww.paintcenter.org
CoatingsCoatings
High Solids Pro and Con High Solids Pro and Con 62% solids by weight62% solids by weight
reduced air emissions increased viscosity
reduced storage reduced storage & handling stability
CoatingsCoatings
Thermoplastic or thermosetNo on-site color mixingFaraday cageElectrostatic application or fluidized bed required
200-12
Powder CoatingsPowder Coatings
Coatings
Powder CoatingsPowder Coatings
Coatings
Powder CoatingsPowder Coatings
Coatings
Common MP&P CoatingsVOC Limits
Prefab Arch. 275 g/l 420Metallics 350 g/l 420 Masks &Lubs 800 g/l 800
baked air dry
RegulationRegulation
Coating steps and points ofCoating steps and points of
sanding/depaintingsanding/depainting
surface clean and prepsurface clean and prep
primer & topcoat application primer & topcoat application
flash off/drying flash off/drying
cure cure
touch uptouch up
equipment clean upequipment clean up 200-2
Process
emissionemission
Surface Preparation
DepaintingDegreasingSurface etching
These 3 may use water,
particulate or VOC
Points of VOC Emission
Storage Application Cleanup Mixing Drying & Prep.
90% of VOC Emission
25 n-Octane
34 Tertiary Butyl Acetate
49 Water
70 Methyl-isopropyl ketone
110 Ethanol
170 Benzene and Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
250 n-Hexane
360 Acetone
690 Methylene chloride (MC)
Selected Vapor Pressures in mm Hg at 38oC
Terone
Application Techniques
DipFlowRoll
SprayAirlessAir HVLP/Electrostatic
}
} ElectrodepositionAutodeposition
ProcessProcess
AutodepositionAutodeposition
no electrical current used; waterborne; an acid no electrical current used; waterborne; an acid bath releases iron cations from steel that react bath releases iron cations from steel that react with negatively charged latex polymer to with negatively charged latex polymer to precipitate coating solids onto surfaceprecipitate coating solids onto surface
aka autophoresisaka autophoresis
ElectrodepositionElectrodeposition aka Electrophoresisaka Electrophoresis
Coating solids and part are Coating solids and part are given opposite charges. given opposite charges. Coating particles are drawn Coating particles are drawn magnetically to part. magnetically to part.
similar to Electroplatingsimilar to Electroplating
ProcessProcess
Listed Hazardous Materials Listed Hazardous Materials found in Coatingsfound in Coatings
BenzeneBenzene Lead Lead
1,3-Butadiene1,3-Butadiene Methylene Chloride Methylene Chloride
Carbon tetrachloride Perchloroethlene Carbon tetrachloride Perchloroethlene
Chromium VIChromium VI Toluene Toluene
Ethylene dibromideEthylene dibromide Trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene
Ethylene dichlorideEthylene dichloride Vinyl chloride Vinyl chloride
Glycol ethersGlycol ethers Xylene Xylene 700-2,3
Plating
How it WorksHow it Works
A direct current is passed A direct current is passed through a Chromic acid bath through a Chromic acid bath causing positive chromium and causing positive chromium and hydrogen ions to migrate to the hydrogen ions to migrate to the cathode and negative oxygen cathode and negative oxygen ions to migrate to the anode. ions to migrate to the anode.
Plating
ROG Control Strategies for ROG Control Strategies for CoatingsCoatings
Use ReductionUse Reduction
• • Use of Exempt SolventsUse of Exempt Solvents
• • Use of Water-Borne ProductsUse of Water-Borne Products
• • Increased Solids ContentsIncreased Solids Contents
• • Increased Transfer EfficiencyIncreased Transfer Efficiency
Retrofit Control DevicesRetrofit Control Devices
• • Capture and ReuseCapture and Reuse
• • Capture and DestroyCapture and Destroy
Control
Transfer Efficiency (T.E.)Transfer Efficiency (T.E.)
the ratio of the amount of solids the ratio of the amount of solids adhering, to the amount of solidsadhering, to the amount of solidsapplied applied
200-17
AirlessAir Atomized High Volume, LowElectrostatic PressureAir-Assisted Turbobell
Spray ApplicationSpray Application
Process
HVLP Alternative
Wing Port
Spray GunSpray Gun
Air path
Spray fan pattern is compressed by air from the spray cap wing ports.
00 20%20% 30%30% 40%40% 50%50% 60%60% 70%70% 80%80% 90%90% 100%100%
HVLPHVLP
Airless ElectrostaticAirless Electrostatic
Air - Assisted Airless ElectrostaticAir - Assisted Airless Electrostatic
Air ElectrostaticAir Electrostatic
Air - Assisted AirlessAir - Assisted AirlessAirless SprayAirless Spray
65% 65%
Percent TransferEfficiency
Air SprayAir Spray
High Volume/Low PressureCoatings Application
200-21
Since the early 1990’s complying equipment is manufactured with an embossed “HVLP” label (not seen here)
ControlControl
ControlControl
HVLP Primer Conventional Air
Spray Gun Caps- note wing port sizeSpray Gun Caps- note wing port size
ControlControl
Spray cap pressure gauge is specific to Spray cap pressure gauge is specific to the make and model of gunthe make and model of gun
Electrostatic spray gunnote charging electrode
Transfer Efficiency ParametersTransfer Efficiency Parameters
Spray equipmentSpray equipment
Paint pressure and air pressure at nozzlePaint pressure and air pressure at nozzle
Ambient temperature and humidityAmbient temperature and humidity
Air flow rate in spray boothAir flow rate in spray booth
Painters training and experiencePainters training and experience
Coating chemistryCoating chemistry
Shape of part Shape of part
ProcessProcess
Control Alternative:Control Alternative:
Rather than Meet Any of the ROC Limits a Rather than Meet Any of the ROC Limits a Source May:Source May:
• • Collect at Least 90 Percent by Weight Collect at Least 90 Percent by Weight of Emissions of Emissions
AndAnd
• Transport to a Central Device that Reduces • Transport to a Central Device that Reduces Emissions at Lease 95 Percent Emissions at Lease 95 Percent (Total Control = 85%) (Total Control = 85%)
ROG Control Strategies for CoatingsROG Control Strategies for Coatings
Use ReductionUse Reduction
• • Plating instead of coatingPlating instead of coating
• • Use of Exempt SolventsUse of Exempt Solvents
• • Use of Water-Borne ProductsUse of Water-Borne Products
• • Increased Solids ContentsIncreased Solids Contents
• • Increased Transfer EfficiencyIncreased Transfer Efficiency
Retrofit Control DevicesRetrofit Control Devices
• • Capture and ReuseCapture and Reuse
• • Capture and DestroyCapture and Destroy
ControlControl
Booth Design Booth Design
Air FlowAir Flow Particulate CollectionParticulate Collection
DowndraftDowndraft Water WashWater Wash
SidedraftSidedraft Dry filter Dry filter
HoodHood
ControlControl
200-29200-29
Booth Design Booth Design
ControlControl
•IncinerationDirect FlameCatalytic
•Carbon Adsorption•Condensation•Absorption
Control EquipmentControl Equipment
ControlControl
ThTherermal mal OxiOxidatdationion
Destroys VOC with the three T's of Destroys VOC with the three T's of combustion:combustion:
TimeTimeTemperatureTemperatureTurbulenceTurbulence
Achieves 75-99% reduction in the Achieves 75-99% reduction in the emissions entering the deviceemissions entering the device
Control
Direct Flame vs. CatalyticDirect Flame vs. Catalytic
Capital costsCapital costsoperating cost (auxiliary fuel)operating cost (auxiliary fuel)operating temperatureoperating temperature
ControlControl
Control
Slow Catalyst PoisonsSlow Catalyst Poisons
IronTinSilicon
HalogensSulfurZinc
PhosphorousLeadArsenicAntimonyMercuryBismuth
Reversible Catalyst Inhibitors Fast Acting
Catalyst Poisons
I bought the equipment. Why does it still smell?
Catalysts are Subject to:Catalysts are Subject to:
Thermal Aging - Heat Cycles Cause the Thermal Aging - Heat Cycles Cause the Metal to Recrystallize in Metal to Recrystallize in an Ineffective Form an Ineffective Form
Burnout - Burnout - Excessive Heat "Boils" Excessive Heat "Boils" the Metal off the Substrate the Metal off the Substrate
Gumming - Surface Area is Covered by Gumming - Surface Area is Covered by Heavy Organics From Paint Heavy Organics From Paint or Fuel Oil or Fuel Oil
Control
Check Incinerators for:Check Incinerators for:
Auxiliary Fuel FlowAuxiliary Fuel Flow
Gas Flow from Booth to StackGas Flow from Booth to Stack
Outlet Temp. Higher than Inlet Temp.Outlet Temp. Higher than Inlet Temp.
Inlet VOC Concentration Higher than Inlet VOC Concentration Higher than Outlet VOC ConcentrationOutlet VOC Concentration
Bypass Stack EmissionsBypass Stack Emissions
Control
ControlControl
Carbon AdsorptionCarbon Adsorption
Electromagnetically attracts Electromagnetically attracts VOC onto activated carbonVOC onto activated carbon
Achieves 40 to 65% Achieves 40 to 65% reduction reduction
Rule, FederalRule, Federal
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/misc/miscpg.html#RULE
Final in Jan 2004Final in Jan 2004
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/misc/fr13aug02p.html
The text of USEPA’s Metal Parts coating NESHAP can be found here:
RuleRule
California jurisdictions with MP & P rulesCalifornia jurisdictions with MP & P rules
Bay Area 8-19 South Coast 1107Monterey Bay 434 San Diego 67.3Mojave 1115 San Luis Obispo 411Sacramento 451 Ventura 74.12San Joaquin Unified 4603 Yolo-Solano 2.25Santa Barbara 330
InspectionInspection
The Paperwork for a VOC The Paperwork for a VOC InspectionInspection
InspectionInspection
Operator Must Maintain Daily:Operator Must Maintain Daily:
All data necessary to All data necessary to determine compliancedetermine compliance
InspectionInspection
Determine the VOC Content of Determine the VOC Content of Coatings in storage & being appliedCoatings in storage & being applied
Ask for Product specification Ask for Product specification sheet or Material Safety Data sheet or Material Safety Data SheetSheet
Take a sample for laboratory Take a sample for laboratory analysisanalysis
InspectionInspection
MP & P allowable VOC Limits MP & P allowable VOC Limits
Depending on the type of coating Depending on the type of coating the VOC limit may range from the VOC limit may range from 275-340 to 420 gram VOC 275-340 to 420 gram VOC per liter of coatingper liter of coating
InspectionInspection
The Product Label may include:The Product Label may include:
1) Id number or name1) Id number or name2) Mixing instructions2) Mixing instructions3) VOC content as applied3) VOC content as applied4) Weight percent water4) Weight percent water5) Solvent names & densities5) Solvent names & densities
Exempt CompoundsGroup I1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee)1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC 225cb)3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (HCFC 225ca)acetoneethanechlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)trifluoromethane (HFC-23)2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123)2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124)pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134)1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b)1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b)
Exempt CompoundsGroup I con’t1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a)1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a)cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated alkanescyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturationscyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturationssulfur-containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine.difluoromethane (HFC-32)1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane (C4F9OCH3)2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane [(CF3)2CFCF2OCH3]1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane (C4F9OC2H5)2-(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane [(CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5]parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF)methyl acetate
Exempt Compounds
Group IImethylene chloride (dichloromethane)1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113)1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114)chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115)cyclic, branched, or linear, completely methylated siloxanes (VMS)tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Group II (cont.)ethylfluoride (HFC-161)1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa)1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca)1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea)1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb)1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa)1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea)1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc)chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31)1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a)1 chloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-151a)
Exempt Compounds
InspectionsInspections
Ask for Mixing RecordsAsk for Mixing Records
A log should be available at A log should be available at the mixing station, spray the mixing station, spray booth or paint foreman's booth or paint foreman's deskdesk
InspectionInspection
Compare materials in the log Compare materials in the log to materials on the shelvesto materials on the shelves
Sign and date this logSign and date this log
CalculationsCalculations
To calculate excess emissions To calculate excess emissions consult Section 500 and consult Section 500 and Appendix F of your manualAppendix F of your manual
InspectionInspection
The Physical InspectionThe Physical Inspection
Applicable RulesApplicable Rules
NuisanceNuisance
Visible EmissionsVisible Emissions
General Organic SolventGeneral Organic Solvent
PermitPermit
Fugitive DustFugitive Dust
InspectionInspection
Inapplicable operationsInapplicable operations
StencilingStenciling
OSHA type markingsOSHA type markings
Solid film lubricantsSolid film lubricants
Electrical insulating and thermal Electrical insulating and thermal
conducting coatingsconducting coatings
Any operations specificallyAny operations specifically
addressed by another ruleaddressed by another rule
InspectionInspection
Points of VOC Emission
Storage Application Cleanup Mixing Drying & Prep.
90% of VOC Emission
Closed containerClosed container
For solvent laden waste materials For solvent laden waste materials
InspectionInspection
Inspection
The Seven Points of Any InspectionThe Seven Points of Any Inspection
CaptureCaptureTransportTransportAir MoverAir MoverInstrumentationInstrumentationControl EquipmentControl EquipmentSubsystemSubsystemStackStack
Permit Conditions
Mixing
Look for secondary operations.Look for secondary operations.InspectionsInspections
DegreasingDegreasingSandblastingSandblastingSpace HeatingSpace Heating
How can the inspector improve compliance rates?
Bring the right toolsBring the right attitude.
•Specify operating conditions for control equipment and installation of a measuring device•Permit should specify renegotiation of permit when the volume of coating exceeds X (to limit unreported growth)
Permit negotiations
Recommendations/EngineeringRecommendations/Engineering
•Void a particular exemption
•Specify higher than required transfer efficiency
Permit negotiation
Possible Permit Conditions:Possible Permit Conditions:
Federal Executive Order 12088 &
Prohibition of Specification
" You want me to do WHAT?!!!"
LaserTouch targeting device improves a sprayer's transfer efficiencyby reducing overspray and material consumption. mounted to a spray gun, dual lasers project an image that helps maintain optimal distance btwn gun & target Proper spray gun distance, gun angle, lead & lag, edging and overlap impact TE. Developed by Iowa Waste Reduction Center
The Final Word on Successful Inspecting
Patience, Repetition, ConsistencyPatience, Repetition, Consistency
QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions