Post on 10-Jan-2016
description
UWUW
Supplementing Fat to the Cow Herd
Bret W. Hess
Beef Cattle Nutritionist
UWUW
Levels of Consideration
UWUW
Animal Factors Affecting ProfitabilityReproductive diseases and conditions cost
$441,000,000 to $502,000,000/year
(Bellows et al., 2002)
66.7
185.4
249.4
0
100
200
300
400
500
Lost Income
$ Million
Others Dystocia Infertility
UWUW
The Beef Cow’s Annual Life Cycle
1st 85% of pregnancy
Last 15% of pregnancy
1st 30% of lactation
245 days
40 days
60 days
Time to rebreed (~20 days)
UWUW
• Postpartum Cows
• Prepartum Cows
• Neonatal/Suckling Calves
Supplemental Fat ThroughoutThe Beef Cow’s Lifecycle
UWUW
Review of the Cow’s Estrous Cycle
UWUW
Positive Responses to Supplemental Fat
Enhanced ovarian follicular growth and function
Increased growth and development of cells destine to form the corpus luteum
UWUW
7466
75
0
25
50
75
Control Fat-supplemented
Prepartumcomparison
days
Postpartum Interval
(P = 0.47) (P = 0.25)
UWUW
Detection of Estrus
81.684.5
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Control Fat Prepartum
%
129 Cows 212 Cows
(P = 0.49)
UWUW
Detection of Estrus
73.469.7
0
25
50
75
Control Fat Postpartum
%
99 Cows 143 Cows
(P = 0.53)
UWUW
First Service Conception Rates
67.064.3
0
15
30
45
60
75
Control Fat Prepartum
%140 Cows 194 Cows
(P = 0.60)
UWUW
First Service Conception Rates
58.465.1
0
15
30
45
60
75
Control Fat Postpartum
%146 Cows
173 Cows
(P = 0.22)
UWUW
73.770.0
0
15
30
45
60
75
Control Fat Postpartum
%
First Service Conception RatesLiterature
110 Cows 114 Cows
(P = 0.54)
UWUW
76.0
62.0
0
20
40
60
80
Control Fat Postpartum
%
First Service Conception Rates Burns et al. (2002)
42 Cows
42 Cows
(P = 0.12) ~56 g/day
UWUW
28.8
50.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Control Fat Postpartum
%
First Service Conception Rates UW Cows
36 Cows
59 Cows
(P = 0.04)
UWUW
BCS 6.0 0.3
BCS 4.2 0.3
CON LIN OLECON LIN OLE
UW Study Design
Lake et al. (2003)~420 g fat/day ~420 g fat/day
UWUW
8.4
27.8
9.7
0
10
20
30
Control Oleate Linoleate
g/d
Doudenal Flow of Linoleic Acid
Scholljegerdes et al. (2001)
(P < 0.001)
UWUW
COOH
CH3 Linoleic Acid
COOH
CH3Arachidonic Acid
CH3
COOH
OHOH
OH
PGF2
CH3
COOH
OOH
OH
PGFM
Desaturases and Elongases
COX
Prostaglandin dehydrogenase and 13-reductase
UWUW
371
647
452
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Control Oleate Linoleate
pg/mL
Serum PGFM in Cows
Grant et al. (2002)
(P = 0.01)
UWUW
84.284.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Fat Postpartum
%
Overall Pregnancy Rates
219 Cows 247 Cows
(P = 0.94)
UWUW
91.886.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Fat Prepartum
%
Overall Pregnancy Rates
197 Cows 281 Cows
(P = 0.05)
UWUWAlexander et al. (2002)
Plasma 18:2 of Cows Fed Lipids Prepartum
UWUW
97.397.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Fat Prepartum
%
Overall Pregnancy RatesUW Herd
79 Cows 76 Cows
(P = 0.96)
UWUW
Calf Responses to Cow’s Diet
UWUW
Birth Weights
76.876.3
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Control Fat Prepartum
pounds
(P = 0.84)
UWUW
Newborn Calves Exposed to 0°C
39.4
39.139.0
39.2
39.4
39.6
Control Fat supplemented
Rectal temperature,
oC
(P < 0.01)
Lammoglia et al. (1999)
UWUW
1.11.2
0
0.5
1
1.5
Control Fat supplemented
vigor score
(P = 0.48)
Vigor Scores of Newborn Calves
UWUW
0.09
0.06
0
0.05
0.1
Control Fat Supplemented
absorbance
(P < 0.05)
Small et al.
Immune Response of Calves
UWUW
1.31.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Control Fat Supplemented
mg/g of dry plasma
(P < 0.05)
Small et al.
Plasma Linoleic Acid of Newborn Calves
UWUW
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 5 10 15 20Milk (g FA/ 24 h)
Calf (mg FA/ g tissue)
r = 0.69; P < 0.0001
Relationship Between Milk 18:2 and Calf Adipose Tissue 18:2
Lake et al. (2003)
UWUW
Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Postpartum
• Increases Ovarian Follicular Growth and Development
• Enhances Luteal Activity
• Does NOT Affect Postpartum Interval
• May Reduce First Service Conception Rates
• Does NOT Improve Reproduction
UWUW
Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Prepartum
• Does NOT Appear to Affect Postpartum Interval
• Does NOT Appear to Affect First Service Conception Rates
• May Improve Overall Pregnancy Rates
• Increases the Cow’s Linoleic Acid Status
UWUW
Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Prepartum
• Does NOT Appear to Affect Calf Birth Weight
• May Increase the Calf’s Cold Tolerance
• May Bolster the Calf’s Immune Response
• Improves the Calf’s Linoleic Acid Status
UWUW
AcknowledgmentsSponsors: USDA-NRICGP, ADM, and UWCollaborators: Dan Rule, Doug Hixon, Gary Moss,
Paul Ludden, Steve Paisley, Lee Beldon, Dennis Hallford, Rick Funston, Danny Simms, and Steve Bartle
Research Associates: Venerand Nayigihugu, Brenda Alexander, Chuck Murrieta, Lisa Balstad, and Ed Van Kirk
Graduate Students: Eric Scholljegerdes, Scott Lake, Wade Small, Becky Atkinson, Mark Grant, Bridget Johnson, Lisa Brokaw, Jeff Bottger, Jared Gould, Ben Garrett, and Rick Landeis
UWUW
THANK YOU