Jürgen Stein, Franz Hartmann & Axel U. Dignass Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 7, 599-610 (November 2010) doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.151

Undergraduate – 4 years -Pre-med: Biology, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physics, English, Math

Medicine – 4 years

Residency and fellowship training