Study Hall

Sit in assigned seatsNot wondering around the room

Sharpened pencil out, ready to begin our review

Ecosystem

Plants and animals that are found in a particular location are referred to as an ecosystem. These plants and animals depend on each other to survive.

Producers

• Make their own food through photosynthesis• Examples: – Plants – Algae

Consumers

• Eat other organisms. • There are THREE:

– Herbivore– Carnivore– Omnivore

Herbivores • These are animals that eat mainly plants.

• This includes leaves, grass, flowers, seeds, roots, fruits, bark, pollen, and much more.

• Some herbivores are: (*write down two) – Deer – Horses – Rabbits – Cows – Bees – Sheep – Grasshoppers

Carnivores

• These are animals that eat mainly meat.

• This includes insects and all animals.

• Some carnivores are: – lions, tigers, and all cats– eagles, hawks, owls– Sharks – Frogs – Spiders

Omnivores

• These are animals able to eat plants and animals

• Some omnivores are: – Humans****– Most bears– Raccoons – Most primates (apes and monkeys) – Seagulls and other birds

Decomposers

• They consume (eat) dead plants and animals and decomposes them

• This returns nutrients to the environment.

• Examples include: – Fungi – Bacteria

Producers, consumers, decomposers video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWh-XKhh8xo

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnffYkN1UDk

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from the sun through producers to consumers to decomposers.

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Food chains: show how plant life and animal life get bridged together by the things they eat.

• Like links of a chain

Food Chain Brain Pop

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/foodchains/

• Bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YwW-iWxLr4

Mr. Parr song on food chains• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWfEn8J5xKM

Write in notebook.• Food Webs:• More complex than food chains. • Ecosystems consist of many food chains linked

together• All organisms depend on one another for

survival

Review

• Green plants use the sun’s energy directly to make food.

• When animals eat green plants and other animals eat those animals, the energy moves from one living thing to another.

• Ultimately all the members of a food chain depend on the energy from the sun.

Pyramid of Energy• Can you believe only 10% energy is

passed along at each level!

Write in notebook….

• The Ten Percent Rule (10%)• Scientists say that about 90% of the

available energy is used for life processes like respiration, photosynthesis, and reproduction

Write in notebook• The Pyramid of Energy : shows how

energy available for consumers decreases as you travel up from the base

Video on Energy Pyramid

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWvtRf4TAO4

Pyramid of Energy..

Label your pyramid at each level and draw 3 examples for each level

How else can we label our pyramid?

Answer in notebook. (complete sentences)

• Do animals need the sun to survive?

• Why or why not.

• Explain!

Lets Review!

• All things get energy from food. • Green plants use energy from the sun to make

their own food. • Plants use the food they make for energy to grow. • Animals get energy by eating plants and other

animals. • The energy in living things originates from the sun.

Germination: start to grow from a seed or spore into a new individual plantConditions are right for seeds and spores to start to grow and develop into a plant

Let’s grow!

• Seeds need the RIGHT conditions to grow... – Water– Sunlight – Temperature

Dormancy means…

• Dormancy means inactivity. • For example, when you are sleeping, you

are not being active. • Some seeds require a period of

DORMANCY before they germinate (grow).

What conditions do they need to come out of dormancy?

• moisture• temperature• light • Some seeds need complete darkness to

germinate• and in some cases even fire

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK:

• Tropism: process of plants changing due to a stimulus (changes in their environment)

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Environmental changes (stimuli) that effect plants:– Gravity– Sunlight – Touch– Moisture (water)

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Phototropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of sunlight

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Geotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of gravity

• Plant structures can sense up and down• Stems of plants grow upright• Roots of plants grow down

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Thigmotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of touch (stimulus).

Hydrotropism

• Hydrotropism: the way a plant grows due to the presence of water (stimulus).

• When roots sense water, they bend and grows towards it.

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

• Stimulus (changes) can be positive or negative. • Positive = toward stimulus• Negative = away from stimulus

Positive Response

• Plant moving toward stimulus(the sun).

Negative Response

• Negative = roots growing away from sun.

• The roots are growing AWAY from the sun because they need water for survival.

Let’s rock! (3 minutes)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uX5eoxKbzHE

• Mr. Parr

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

Plants and animals within ecosystems depend on each other to survive

• BIOTIC FACTORS: all the living parts of the ecosystem

• ABIOTIC FACTORS: all the non-living parts of the ecosystem

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK

ECOSYSTEMS: all the living things (plants, animals, and organisms) interacting with each other in a given location

ECOSYSTEMS: also include the non-living factors like weather, soil type, and climate

Aquatic Ecosystems

Marine Ecosystems

Write in notebook• Abiotic Factors = all nonliving factors• Temperature Amount of sunlight• Water (fresh or salty) Climate (rain, weather)• Soil (rocky, sandy, fertile)

Write in notebook• Biotic Factors: all living factors• Plants (producers)• Animals (consumers)

Individual • Individual: one organism, a single living

thing

Population

• A group of interbreeding organisms living in the same area

• Interbreeding:

Community

• Interacting POPULATIONS

Ecosystem • All the organisms living in the same area AND their nonliving

environment.• Notice the first three tiers are all living organisms.

Biome• One of several major types of ecosystems • Five biomes:

– Aquatic (oceans)– Deserts – Forests– Tundra– Grasslands

Write in notebook• Biomes: areas of similar climates with

similar plants and animals• found in specific regions around the Earth

Different Biomes…• Biomes have unique plants and animals • They also have unique climates (rainfall,

temperatures, amounts and intensity of sunlight)

• For instance: A tropical rainforest has lots of rain, is humid and hot. Plants grow thick and deep in the rainforest; animals have adapted to this unique environment in order to survive

Write in notebook

• Biosphere: Is EVERYTHING…

Write in notebook• Limiting Factors— conditions within

the environment that limit the growth of species

Write this down…

• Limiting Factors— can be any biotic or abiotic factor that prevents an organisms growth

Write this down…

• Limiting Factors—Also reduce or limits an organisms ability to find food (consumers) or make its own food (producers)

Write this down… Limiting Factors• Food Availability • Shelter• Breeding - Nesting sites • Predators• Temperature (too cold, too hot) • Water availability (too dry, too wet)