Post on 29-Jan-2016
Students with Learning Disabilities
Educational Services
Selection of Special Education Services
• Least Restrictive Environment – IEP committee – Continuum of services– On-going evaluation to determine
appropriateness
Educational Service Provisions and Related
Practices• The General Education Class
– Special materials and consultation– Itinerant services– Resource room assistance
• The Part- and Full-Time Special Class
• The Special School
• Reintegration of Students
From Mainstreaming to Inclusion
• Regular Education Initiative – Dual system of general and special
education not necessary
• The Inclusion Movement– The inclusion position– The continuum of alternative placements
position
Inclusion vs. Continuum of Alternative Placements
Rationale• Inclusive setting morally right—
segregation-like setting against what law has decided as just
• Reduces ill-effects of labeling• Efficacy of separation not
supported by research• Increases collaboration• Students with different abilities
placed together create appreciation for differences
• Separate placements sometimes needed due to intensive needs of students
• Continuum mandated by law and fought for by families for years
• General education teachers not prepared to work with students with disabilities
• No clear evidence that inclusion is appropriate for all
• Appreciation of differences occurs in society without forced inclusion
Research on Inclusion vs. Continuum of Alternative
Placements
• Efficacy of inclusion• Research on mainstreaming• Attitudes of general and special educators• Attitudes of students• Efficacy of special classes and resource
rooms
Program Factors Promoting Successful Inclusion
• Teachers Teaching Teachers• Strategies for increasing consultation time• Collaborative consultation• Teacher assistance teams• Coaching• Peer collaboration• Cooperative teaching• Communication skills for collaboration
Program Factors continued
• The Learning Disabilities Teacher– Consultation
• Students Teaching Students– Peer tutoring– Cooperative learning
• Limited Teacher-Engagement Instruction