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S TO RY O F /E N EA S
M. CLARKE
A UTHOR OF S T OR Y OF TR OY,
” ! STORY OF C /E SAR .
NEW YO RK C INC INNAT I CHIC AGO
AMERICAN BO O K CO MPANY
3 76 6IfCO PYR IGHT,1898, BY
AM ER ICAN BOOK COM PANY .
S tory of JE neas.
W . P . I
C O N T E N T S .
I NTRODUCT ION 1. VERG IL,THE PR INCE OF POET S
I I . THE GODS AND GODDE S SE S
I . THE W OODEN H OR SE
I I . [ENEAS LEA'
VE S TROY— THE H ARP IE S— PRO PHE SY OF HEL
E N Us— T H E G IANT POLYPHEMU SA GREAT STORM — ARR IVAL IN CARTHAGE
f/ IV . D IDO ’S LOVE— THE F UNERAL GAME S— SH IP S BURNED BY
THE W OMEN
THE S IBYL OF CUM/E — THE GO LDEN BOUGH IN THE
REGION S O E THE DEADE NEAS ARR IVE S IN LATI UM W ELCOMED BY K ING LAT INU SALL IANCE W ITH EVANDER VULCAN MAKE S ARMS FOR
fE N E A S THE F AMOU S SH IELDTURNU S ATTACK S T H E TROJAN CAMP N I SU S AND EURYALU STHE COUNC IL OF THE GOD S RETURN O F ZE N E A S BATTLE
ON THE SHORE DEATH OF PALLASF UNERAL OF PALLAS AZN EA S AND‘
T URNU S F IGHT TUR
N US IS SLA IN
INTRODUCTION .
I . VERG IL , T HE PRINCE OF LATI N POETS .
T HE story of fE -ne’as,as related by the Roman
poet Ver’gi l i n h is cel ebrated poem cal l ed the
fE -ne’ id,which we are to tel l about in thi s book, i s
one of the most interesti ng of the myths or legendsthat have come down to us from anci ent authors .Vergi l l ived in the time of the Roman Emperor
A u-gus’tus (63 B . c . I4 A . grand-nephew and
successor of J u’l i-us Ca’sar. Augustus and his
ch ief counsel lo r o r m i n i ste r M ae-ce’nas , gave greatencouragement to learn i ng and l earned men ,
and
under the i r l iberal patronage arose a number of
em i nent writers to whose works has been given thename of classi cs , as bei ng of the h ighest rank or
class. The period is known as the Augustan Age,
a phrase al so used i n reference to peri ods in theh istory of other countri es , i n wh ich l i te rature reached
i ts h ighes t perfection . Thus the re ign of QueenAnne ( 1702 1 7 14) i s cal led the Augustan age ofEngl i sh l i terature , because of the number of l i terary
[7]
8
menwho flouri shed in England in that period , andthe excellence of the i r works .Vergi l was the greatest of the poets of anc i en t
Rome , and wi th the exception of Ho’mer,the
greatest of the poets of antiqui ty . From a very
early period , almost from the age in W h ich he l ived,
he was cal l ed the P rince of Lat in Poets . His fullnam e was Pub’l i -us Ver-gi l’ i -us Ma
’ro . He wasborn about seventy years before Chri st
,i n the Vil
lage Of An’des (now Pi -e’to-le) , near the town Of
M an’tu-a i n the north of I tal y.
i
His father was the
owner Of a smal l estate , which he farmed h imself.Though of moderate m eans , he gave h is son a goodeducation . Young Vergi l spent h is boyhood at
school at C re-mo’na andMilan . He completed hisstudies at Naples , where he read the Greek and
Lat i n authors, and acquired a knowledge of mathe
matics, natural ph i losophy, and medical sc ience .
He afterwards returned to Mantua,andresided there
for a few years , enj oying the quiet of country l ife at
the fam i ly homestead .
About this time the Emperor Augustus was
engaged in a war agai nst a powerful party of hisown countrymen , l ed by a famous Roman named
Bru’
tusQ I n the year 42 B . C .
’
he defeated Brutus i n
a great ba ttl e , which put an end to the war. He
afterwards rewarded many of his troops by divid ing
9
among them lands in the ne ighborhood of Mantua,
andin other parts of I taly , d ispossess ing the owners
for having S i ded wi th h is enem i es . Though Vergi l
had taken no part in the struggle , his farm was
al l otted to one of the imperial so ld i e rs . But th is
was the beginn i ng of h is greatness . Through thefri endship Of the governor Of Mantua, he was i n tro
duced to M eecenas, and afte rwards to Augustus , whogave orders that h is property should be restored
to him .
Thus Vergi l becam e known to the first men Of
Rome . He expressed his grati tude to the emperor
in one of a series Of poems cal l ed Pastorals‘
or
E u-col’ i cs,words which mean shepherds ’ songs , o r
songs descrip tive of l i fe i n the country . These
poem s,though among Vergi l ’s earl i est productions ,
were h ighly applauded i n Rome . They were so
much esteem ed that portions Of them were rec i ted
i n the theatre i n! the author’s presence , and the
audience were so del ighted that they all rose to thei r
feet , an honor which i t was customary to pay only to
Augustus h imself. Vergi l al so wrote a poem cal ledthe Geor’gics , the subj ec t of which is agri cul ture ,the breeding of cattl e , and the cul ture of bees .This i s said to be the most perf ect in fini sh of
all Lat in composi tions . The [ Eneid is,however,
regarded as the greatest Of Vergi l ’s works . The
IO
wri ting Of i t occupi ed the last eleven years of the
poet’s l ife .Vergi l d ied at B run-di’si-um , i n s outh I taly, i n
the fifty-first year of his age. He was buri ed nearNaples , by the s ide of the pub l i c road , a few m i l es
outside that c i ty , where what i s said to be his tomb
i s sti l l to be seen . O f h is character as a man weare enabled to form an agreeable idea from all thati s known about him . He was modest , gentl e and
of a remarkable sweetness of d i sposi ti on. Althoughl iving in the h ighest soc i ety whil e in Rome , he neverforgot h is O l d fri ends . He was a dutiful and affec
tionate son , and l iberal ly shared his good fortunew i th hi s aged parents .A S a poet , Vergi l was not only the greatest that
Rome produced , but the most popular. His poems ,parti cularly the fE neid, were the favori te read ing ofh is countrymen. They becam e a text-book in theRoman schools . The ! l i ttl e Romans , we are told ,
studied the fE neid from the i r mas ter’s d i c tation,
andwrote composi t ions upon i ts heroes . A nd not
alone in I taly but throughout the world whereverlearn ing extended , the fE neid became popular, andhas retai ned i ts populari ty down to our own time ,being stil l a text-book i n every school where Latinis taught.
There are many excel lent translations of the
I I
fE neid intO‘
Engl ish . I n th is book we make
numerous quotat ions from the translati on by theEngl i sh poet D ryden
,and from the late r work by
the em inent Lat i n scholar Conington.
SPELL ING OF THE POET’
S NAM E .
T H E spel l ing of the p oet ’s name adopted in th i s book i snow bel ieved to be preferab le t o the form V z
'
rgil wh ich hasfor a l ong t ime been in common use. Many of the bes tLat in scho lars are of Op in i on that the proper spel l ing i sVergi l from the
‘ Lat in Vergilius, as the poet h imsel f wrotei t . A s to the fact
,
” say s P rofess or Fr ieze,
! that the poetcal led h imsel f Vergilius, scho lar s are now un i versal ly agreed .
I t i s the form found in all the ear l iest manu scr i p t s and
inscr i p t i ons . In E ngland and Amer ica the corrected Lat inform i s u sed by all the bes t au thor i t ies ."
I I . THE GODS A N D GODDES SES .
I t is said that Vergi l wrote the fE neid at therequest of the Emperor Augustus , whose fam i lythe J u’l i -i— claimed the honor Of be ing descended
from fE neas, through his son I-u’l us or J u’l us . All
the Romans, i ndeed , were fond of claim ing descentfrom the heroes whom trad i t ion told Of as havinglanded i n I tal y wi th fE neas after escaping from the
ruins of Troy. The c i ty Of Troy, or I l
’i -um , so celebrated i n anc ient song andstory , was si tuated on thecoast of Asia Minor, not far from the entrance toW hat i s now the S ea Of Mar’mo-ra. I t was besi egedfor ten years by a vast army of the Greeks (natives
12
of Greece or H el ’las) under one of thei r k i ngs cal l edA g
-a-mem’
non . Homer, the greatest of the anci ent
poets, tel l s about this S i ege in h i s famous poem ,the
I l’ i-ad. We shal l see later on how the siege wasbrought to an end by the capture and destructionOf the c i ty, as wel l as how fE neas escaped , andwhatafterwards happened to him and his compan ions .Meanwhi le we must learn som eth i ng about the
gods and goddesses who play so importan t a part
i n the story. At almost every stage Of the adven
tures Of fE neas, as Of the adventures of all ancient
heroes , we find a god o r a goddess control l ing or
d i recti ng affai rs , or i n some way m ixed up wi th the
course of events .
According to the rel igion of the anc ient Greeks
and Romans there were a great many gods . Theybel i eved that all parts Of the universe— the heavens
and the earth , the sun and the moon , the seas and
rivers, and storms— were ruled by different gods .
Those be ings i t was supposed , were in some respectsl ike men andwomen . They needed food anddri nk
and S l eep ; they married andhad ch i ldren ; and l ikepoor mortal s they often had quarrel s among them
selves . Thei r food was am -bro’si-a,which gave them
immortal i ty and perpetual youth , and the i r dri nk
was a del ic ious wine cal l ed nectar .The gods Often visi ted men . and even accepted
I3
thei r hospi tal i ty. S om etimes they married humanbei ngs , and the sons Of such marriages were thedem igods or heroes Of antiqui ty . [ Eneas was one
Of those heroes , h is mother bei ng the goddessVe’nus
, of whom we shal l hear much in the course
Of our S tory .
Though the gods never d ied , be ing immortal , they
m ight be wounded and suffer bodi ly pai n l ike men.
They Often took part in the quarrel s and wars ofpeople on earth , and they had weapons and armor,after the manner Of earth ly warriors . But theywere vastl y superior to men i n strength and power.They could travel through the sk i es , or upon land
or ocean , with the speed of l ightning, and they couldchange themselves i nto any form , or make themselves vi sibl e or i nvis ib l e at pleasure .The usual residence of the princ ipal gods was
on the top of Moun t O - l ym’pus , i n Greece . Herethey had golden palaces and a chamber where theyheld grand banquets at which cel estial music wasrendered by A -
pOl’
lO ,the god Of m i nstrelsy, and
the Muses , who were the d ivin i ties of poetry and
song.
S plendid templ es were erected to the gods i n all
the ch i ef c i ti es,where they were worsh iped with
many ceremonies . Val uable gifts i n gold andsi lverwere presented at the i r Shri nes , and at the i r al tars
I4
animal s were ki l l ed and portions of the flesh burnedas sacrifices . S uch Offeri ngs were thought to bevery pleas ing to the gods .The
'
head or k i ng of the gods was J u'pi-ter, al socal led J ove or Z e us . He was the great Thunderer ,at whose word the heavens trembled.
H e,whose all consc i ou s eyes the wor ld beho ld
,
T he eternal Thunderer sat enthroned in go ld .
High heaven the fo otstool o f h i s feet he makesA nd wide beneath him all O lympu s Shakes .
H OM ER , Iliad, BOOK V I I I .
The wife Of J upi ter, and the queen of heaven ,was J u’no , who , as we shal l see , persecuted the hero
fE neas with ! unrelenting hate . N ep’tune , repre
sented as bearing in h is hand a trident , or three
pronged fork ,was the god Of the sea.
Neptune, the m i gh ty mar ine god,
E arth ’s mover,and the fru i t les s ocean’s k ing.
H OM ER .
Mars was the god of war, and Plu'to , often cal l ed
D i s or Ha’des, was the god of the lower or
! i nfe r
nal regions , and hence al so the,
god of the dead .
O ne of the most glorious and beauti ful of the gods
was Apol lo, god of the sun , of med ic i ne , music ,poetry, and all fine arts .
Br i ght -bair ’d Apo l l o ! — thou who ever art
A b less ing to the wor ld — whose m i ghty heart
Dr aw n by B lash/ield.
A ROMAN AUGUR.
16
Forever pours ou t l ove,and l ight
,and l i fe ;
Thou,at whose glance
,all th ings of earth are r i fe
With happ iness .P IKE .
A nother of the famous divi ni ties Of the anc i ents
was Venus, the goddess of beauty and love .
According to som e Of the myths she was the daughter of J upi ter . O thers say that she sprang from thefoam Of the sea.
These and countl e ss other imaginary beings werebe l i eved in as de i ti es under the rel igi ous system Of
the ancient Greeks and Romans , and every unusualor strik ing event was thought to be caused by some
god or goddess .The wil l of the gods, i t was supposed , was made
known to men in different ways by dream s, by the
fl ight Of b i rds,or by a direct message from O lym
pus . Very often i t was learned by consul ti ngseers
,augurs or soothsayers. These were persons
bel i eved to have the power of prophecy . There
was a famous temple Of Apol lo at Delph i , in Greece ,where a pri estess cal l ed Pyth
’
i-a gave answers,'
or
oracl es , to those who cam e to consul t her. The
nam e oracl e was al so appl ied to the place where suchanswers were rece ived . There were a great many
oracles in anc ient t imes , but that at Delph i was the
most celebrated .
ST O R Y O F /EN EA S
I . T H E W OODE N HORSE .
T H E gods , of course,had m uch to do wi th the
siege andfal l Of Troy,as wel l as wi th the sufferings
Of fE neas, which Vergi l describes in the fE neid.
There were gods and goddesses on both sides in
the great con fl i c t . S ome were for the Tro’jans ,others for the Greeks , and some had the i r favori tesamong the he roes andwarrio rs who fought on one
side or the other . Two very powerful goddesses,
J uno and Mi -ner’va (the goddess of wisdom,al so
cal l ed Pal ’las) , hated the Trojans because of thefamous ! j udgm en t Of Pa’ri s
,
” which came about i nth i s wayA king Of A thens named Pe’leus marri ed a beau
tiful sea-nymph named The’tis . All the gods andgoddesses were present at the wedding feast exceptE
’ri s , the goddess of d iscord . S he was no t invi ted,
and being angry on that account, She resolved to
cause dissension among the guests . With th i sSTO . OF AENEAS 2 [I7]
I8
Obj ec t she threw i nto!
the m idst of the assemb ly agolden apple bearing the inscription
,
! For the most
beautiful . Immed iately a dispute arose as to whichof the goddesses was enti tl ed to the prize
,but at
last all gave Up the i r claim except J uno , Venus , andMinerva,
and they agreed to leave the settl ement Ofthe question to Pari s , son of P ri
’
am,Kinga
of Troy,a young prince who was noted for the wisdom ofhis
j udgmen ts upon several o ccasions.The three goddesses soon afterwards appeared
before Pari s,and each endeavored by th e Offer Of
tempti ng bribes,to induce him to decide in her
favor. J uno prom i sed him great power andweal th .
She to Par i s madeProffer o f royal p ower, ample ru leUnquestion
’
d.
T ENNYSON .
Minerva Offe red m i l i tary glory, and Venus promi sed that she would give him the most beautifulwoman in the world for h is wife . After heari ng
thei r claim s and prom i ses , Pari s gave the apple toVenus. This award or j udgment brought upon
him and his fam i ly, andall the Trojans, the hatred of
the two Other goddesses , particularly of J uno , who ,be ing the queen of heaven ,
had expec ted that thepreference
, as a matter of course , would be gag) ;to her.
20
sai l , as if wi th the purpose of return ing to Greece .
But they went no further than Ten’e-dos, an i slandopposi te Troy, a few m i l es from the coast.
! There was their fleet concealed . W e thought for GreeceThei r sai l s were ho i sted
,and our fears release .
T he Trojans,cooped wi th in the ir wal l s so l ong
,
Unbar their gates and i s sue in a throngL i ke swarm ing bees
,and wi th del i gh t su rvey
T he camp deserted,where the Grec ians lay :
T he quar ter s of the several ch iefs they sh owedHere Phoe’nix
,here Ach i l les
,made abode ;
Here j o ined the batt les ; there the navy rode.
Part on the p i le their wander ing eyes empl oyT he p i le by Pal las rai sed to ru in Troy .
”
DRYD EN , E nez’
a’
, BOOK I I .
T he Trojans when they saw the b ig horse,could
not th ink what i t m ean t , or what should be donewi th i t . Various Opin ions were given . S omethought i t was a peace Offering , andone chief proposed that it should be dragged wi thin the wal l s
and placed in the c i tadel . O thers advised that i tshould be cast into the sea
, or set on fire,or at l east
that they ought to burst i t Open to find whether
anyth ing were conceal ed wi th i n . While they were
thus d iscuss ing the matter,some urgi ng one course ,
some another,the pri est La-oc’o-
‘
On rushed out from
the c i ty fol l owed by a great crowd , and heexclaimed in a l oud voice : U nhappy fel l ow-coun
2 I
trymen ,what madness i s th i s ? Are you so fool i sh
as to suppose that the enemy are gone , or that anyoffering Of the i rs can be free from deception ? E i therGreeks are hidden in th i s horse , or i t i s an engine
designed for some evi l to our c i ty. Put no fai th ini t
,Trojans. Whatever i t i s, I fear the Greeks even
Thus speaking , LaocoOn5when they tender gi fts . ’
hurled h is spear into the horse ’s S ide .
Hi s m i ghty spear he cast
Q u i ver ing i t s tood : t he sharp reboundShook the huge m onster : and a soundThrough all i t s caverns passed .
CON INGTON , E nez’
d,BOOK I I .
But at th i s point the attention Of the m ul ti tudewas attracted by the appearance Of a group OfTrojan shepherds dragging along a prisoner wi thhi s hands bound behind h i s back , who , they said ,haddel ivered h imsel f up to them of h i s own accord .
Being taken before K i ng P riam ,and questi oned as
to who he was andwhence he came,the stranger
told an artful story. He was a Greek, he said , and
his name was S i ’non . H is countrymen had longbeen weary Of the war, and had often resolved to
return home , but were h indered by storms frommaki ng the attempt. And when the wooden horsewas buil t , the tempests raged and the thunderrol led more than ever.
22
Chiefly when completed stoodTh i s hor se
,compact Of map le wood
F ierce thunders,peal ing in our ears
,
Proc laimed the turmo i l O f the spheres .
CON INGTON,E nez
‘
a’
,BOO K I I .
Then the Greeks sent a messenger to the shrineof Apol lo to inqui re how they m ight Obtai n a safepassage to thei r country. The answer was that thel ife Of a Greek m ust be sacrificed on the al tar Of the
god . All were horror-stricken by this announcem ent
,for each feared that the doom m ight fal l
upon h imself.
Through every heart a Shudder ran,
Apol l o ’s v ict im — who the man ?’
CON INGTON , z E nez'
d, BOOK I I .
The sel ection of the person to be the victim was
l eft to Cal’chas , the soothsayer, who fixed upon
S inon ,and preparations were accord ingly made to
sacrifice him on the al tar Of Apollo , but he contrived
to escape and conceal h im self unti l the Grec ian
fleet had sai l ed .
I fled,I own i t
,from the kn i fe
,
I broke my band s and ran for l i fe,
A nd in a mar i sh lay that n i ghtWh i le they sh ou ld sai l
,i f sai l they m i ght .CON INGTON , E nez
‘
a’
, BOOK I I .
Th is was S inon ’s story . The Trojans bel ieved i t
23
andK ing Priam ordered the prisoner to be rel eased ,and prom i sed to give him protection in T roy .
! Buttel l me,
” said the king, ! why d id they make th i shorse ? W as i t for a rel igious purpose or as an
engine of war ? The treacherous S inon answered
that the horse was intended as a peace Offering tothe gods ; that i t had been bui l t on the advice Of
Cal chas , who had di rected that i t Should be madeOf immense S i ze so that the Trojans should not beable to drag i t within the i r wal ls , ! for,
” said he,
i f the men of Troy do any i nj ury to the gift , evi lwil l com e upon the kingdom of Priam
,but if they
bring i t into the i r c i ty,all Asia wil l make war
against Greece, and on our ch i ldren wil l come the
destruction which we would have brought upon
Troy.
”
The Trojans bel i eved th is story al so, and the i rbel i ef was strengthened by the terrible fate which
j ust then befel l Laoco'
on, who a l i ttl e before hadpierced the side of the horse wi th his spear. Whilethe pri est and his two sons were Offering a sacrifice
to N eptune on the shore , two enormous serpents
suddenly i ssued from the sea andsei zed andcrushed
them to death in sigh t of the peopl e . The Trojans
were fil l ed wi th fear and aston i shment at th i s spectacle , and they regarded the event as a punishmentfrom the gods upon Laoco '
on
24
W ho dared t o harm with imp i ou s steelThose p lank s Of consecrated deal .
CON INGTON , E nez’
d,BOOK I I .
Then a cry arose that the ! peace Offering shouldbe conveyed into the c i ty, and accordingly a greatbreach was made in the wal l s that for ten years hadres i sted all the assaul ts of the Greeks , and by m eansOf rol l ers attached to i ts fee t, and ropes ti ed aroundi ts l imbs
,the horse was dragged into the c i tadel
,the
young men and maidens singing songs Of tri umph .
But i n the m idst of the rej o ic ing there were portentsOf the approach ing evil . Four times the huge figurehal ted on the threshold of the gate
,and four times
i t gave forth'
a sound from with i n , as i f Of the clash
of arms.
Fou r t imes ’twas on the thresho ld stayedFour t imes the arm or c lashed and brayed .
Y et on we press w ith pass i on b l ind ,A l l forethought b l o tted from our m ind
,
Ti l l the dread monster we instal lWi th in the temple’s tower -bu i l t wal l .
CON INGTON, E nez
’
d,BOOK
The prophetess Cas-san’dra, too , the daughter ofK i ng Priam ,
had warned her countrymen Of thedoom that was certai n to fal l upon the c i ty if the
horse were adm i tted . Her warn ing was, however,d i sregarded . The fateful gift of the Greeks was
2 5
placed i n the ci tadel , andthe Trojans , th inking thatthei r troubles were now Over, and that the enemy
had departed to return no more , spent the rest Of the
day in feasting and rej o ic ing.
But in the dead of the n igh t, when they were all
sunk in sleep , the Greek fleet sai l ed back fromTenedos
,and on K i ng Agamemnon ’s ship a bright
l ight was shown ,which was the signal to the fal se
S i non tO ‘
complete h is work Of treachery . Quicklyhe unlocked the horse ” and forth from the i r h iding
place cam e the armed Greek warriors . Amongthem were the famous U-lys
’
ses, andN e-Op- tol’e-mus,
son of the brave Ach i l l es , and M en-e- la’us , husband of the celebrated Hel’en whom Pari s , son of/
Priam , had carried O ff from Greece , which was the
cause of the war . U l ysses andh is compan ions thenrushed to the wal l s , and after slaying the sentinels
,
threw Open the gates of the c i ty to the mai n body ofthe Greeks who had by th is time landed from the i rsh ips. Thus Troy was taken .
A nd the l ong baffled legi ons,burst ing in
Through gate and bast i on,b l unted sword and spear
With unres i sted S laughter .
L EW IS M ORR I S .
Meanwhi le fE neas/sleeping i n the house of h isfather , A n-chi
’
ses, had a dream i n which the ghost
Of Hector appeared to him,shedding abundant tears
,
26
and d i sfigured with wounds as when he had beendragged around the wal ls of Troy behind the chariot
Of the vic torious Ach i l les . In a mournful voice,
fE neas, seem i ng to forget that Hector was dead ,inqui red why he had been so long absen t from the
defense Of his native c i ty, and from what d i stantshores he hadnow returned . But the sp iri t answeredonl y by a solemn warn i ng to fE neas, the ! goddessborn (being the son of Venus) to save himself byimmediate fl ight .
O goddes s -born escape by t imely fl i ght,
T he flames and horror s O f th i s fatal n i ght .T he foes al ready have posses sed the wal lTroy nod s from h igh
,and totters t o her fal l .
E nough is paid to Pr iam ’s royal name,
M ore than enough t o du ty and t o fame.
I f by a mortal hand my father’s throne
Cou ld b e defended,
’twas by m ine al one.
N ow Troy to thee commend s her fu ture state,
A nd gives her god s compan i ons of thy fateFrom their as s i stance
,happ ier wal l s expect
,
Which,wand
’
ring l ong, at las t thou shal t erect .D RYD EN
,E nez
’
d,BOO K I I .
Awaking from his sl eep,fE neas was startled by
the clash of arm s and by cri es of battl e , which he
now heard on all sides . Rush ing to the roof Of the
house and gaz ing around , he saw the palaces of
many of the Trojan princes i n flames , and he heard
28
Whi le scarce our sent inel s res i st,
A nd batt le in the fl icker ing m i s t .CON INGTON E nez
’
a’
,BOOK 11.
As Panthus ceased speaking , several Trojanchie fs came up , and eagerly j oined fE neas in resolv
ing to make a last desperate attempt to save thei rnative c i ty. Together they rushed into the th ick ofthe fight . S om e were slain
,and som e with [ E neas
succeeded in forc ing thei r way to the palace of K ingPriam , where a fierce struggle was then raging.
Entering by a secre t door,fE neas cl imbed to the
roof,from which he and the other brave defenders
of the palace hurl ed stones and beam s Ofwood uponthe enemy below . But all thei r hero ic efforts werei n vain . In front of the princ ipal gate , batteri ngupon i t wi th h is huge battl e-axe,
stood Neoptolemus
(al so cal l ed Pyr’rhus) the son of Achil l es . S oon i ts
posts,though plated with bronze , gave way before
h is m ighty strokes,and a great breach
'
was made,
th rough which the Greeks poured into the stately!
hal l s of the Trojan king. Then there was a scene
of wild confusion and terror.
T he hou se i s fi l led wi th l oud lament s and cr iesA nd shr ieks O f women rend the vau l ted Sk ies .
DRYDEN,E nez
’
d,BOOK I I .
The aged king when he saw that the enemy was
beneath his roof, put on his armor ! long d i s used,
”
29
and was about to rush forth to meet the foe, butHec
’
u-ba, h is queen ,persuaded him to take refuge
with her i n a court of the palace i n which were
placed the al tars of thei r gods . Here he was shortlyafterwards cruel ly slai n by Pyrrhus .
Thu s Pr iam fel l,and shared one common fate
With Troy in ashes,and h i s ru ined state
H e,who the scepter of all A s ia swayed
,
Whom monarchs l ike domest ic S laves obeyed .
D RYDEN , E nez‘
d,BOOK I I .
There be ing now no hope to save the ci ty, thethoughts of fE neas turned to his own home where
he had le ft h i s father Anch ises,hi s wi fe Cre-u’
sa
(daughter of K i ng Priam) and h is son I ulus (also
named As-ca’
n i-us) . Mak ing his way th i ther wi th
the purpose of provid ing for thei r safe ty,he espied
Hel en ,the ! common scourge Of Greece and Troy ,
s i tt ing in the porch of the temple of the goddessV es’ta. Enraged at the sigh t of the woman who .
had been the cause of so many woes to h is country,
[ E neas was about to slay her on the spot,but at
that moment h is mother Venus appeared to him i nthe m idst Of a bright l ight .
Great in her charm s,as when on god s abov e
S he l ook s . and breathes her sel f into thei r l ove .
DRYDEN , E nez’
a’
, BOOK I I .
30
Taking the hero by the hand as he was i n the actof rai s i ng h is sword to strike Helen , the goddessthus rebuked him :
! What i s i t that exc i tes youranger now,
my son ? Where i s your regard for me ?
Have you forgotten your father Anch i ses and your
wife and l i ttl e son ? They would have been ki l ledby the Greeks i f I had not cared for them and savedthem . I t i s not Helen or Paris that has laid low
this great c i ty of Troy , but the wrath Of the gods .S ee now, for I wi l l take away the m is t that coversyour mortal eyes ; see how N eptune with hi s trident
i s overthrowing the wal l s and rooting up the c i ty
from i ts foundations ; and how J uno stands withspear and sh ield in the S cae’an Gate , and cal l s fresh
hosts from the sh ips ; and how Pal las si ts on theheight wi th the storm-cloud about her ; and howFather J upi ter him self sti rs up the enemy agai nstTroy. F ly
,therefore
,my son . I myself wi l l guard
you t i l l you stand before your father’s door.”
The goddess then di sappeared andfE neas quickly
proceeded to Obey her command . Hasten ing homehe resolved to take h i s aged father to a place Ofsafety i n the h i l l s beyond the c i ty , but the Old man
refused to go .
! Y ou ,who are young and strong,
”
said he , ! may go , but I shal l remai n here , for if i t
had been the wil l of the gods that I should l ive ,they would have preserved my home .
31
Now leave me : b e your farewel l saidT o th i s my corpse
,and count me dead .
CON INGTON , E nez’
a’
,BOOK I I .
Nor could all the entreati es of his son andwife
move him from h is resoluti on . Then fE neas, i n
gri ef and despai r, was about to rush back to the
battl e , which sti l l raged in the c i ty , preferring to
die rather than to go and l eave his father beh ind .
But at th i s moment a brigh t flame as if Of fire wasseen to play around the head of the boy Iulus , andsend forth beam s of l ight . Alarmed as wel l as
surpri sed at the spectacl e , fE neas was about toextinguish the flames by water, when Anchisescried out that i t was a s ign from heaven that heshould accompany his fam i ly i n thei r fl ight from
the c i ty.
This pretty story, i t i s said , was meant by Vergilas a compl iment to Augustus, the idea i ntended to
be conveyed be i ng that the seal of sovere ign powerwas thus early set upon the founder of the greathouse of J ul i us .The gods seem ing thus to ordai n the immed iate
departure of the hero andh i s fam i ly, they all speedi ly
set fo rth, fE neas carrying his father on his shoulders ,
whil e Iulus walked by h is side , and Creusa fol lowedat some d istance They had arranged to meet at aruined temple outs ide the c i ty , where they were to
Drawn by Var z’
an.
ZE N E A S CARRY ING H I S FATHER OUT OF TROY .
33
be j oined by the i r servants , but when they reachedthe . place
,i t was discovered that C reusa had disap
peared. Great was the grief of fE neas. In agonyhe hastened back to the c i ty i n search Of h is wife .
Com ing to his father’s palace , he found i t al readyi n flames . Then he hurri ed on through the streets ,i n h is distress cal l ing aloud the nam e Of Creusa.
S uddenly her figure started up be fore him , largerthan when i n l ife
,for i t was her sp iri t he saw .
Appal led at the sight,fE neas s tood in S i lence gaz
ing at the appari t ion while i t thus spoke :Beloved husband
,why do you give way to grief ?
What has happened is by the decree of heaven. I twas not the wil l of the gods that I should accom
pany you . You have a l ong j ourney to make , anda wide extent of sea to cross , be fore you reach theshores of Hes-pe’ri -a
,where the Ti ’ber flows i n
gentl e course through the rich fields Of a warl ikerace . There prosperi ty awai ts you,
and you shal ltake to yourself a wi fe of a royal l ine . W eep not
for me. The m other of the gods keeps me in th i sland to serve her. ‘
A nd now farewell , and fai l not
to love andwatch over our son .
”
Then the form of Creusa mel ted into air, and thesorrowing husband returned to the place where h isfather and son awai ted him . There he found a
number of h is fel low-c i tizens prepared to fol low himSTO . OF fE N E A S 3
34
i nto ex i l e . They firs t took refuge i n the forests ofMoun t I’da, not far from the ruined c i ty. In th is
place they spent the winter, and they bui l t a fleet ofsh ips at A n-tan
’
dros, a coast town at the foot of themountai n .
Near Old A ntandros,and at Ida’s foot
,
T he t imber of the sacred groves we cut,
A nd bu i ld our fleet uncer tain yet to findWhat p lace the god s for our repo se as s igned .
D RYD EN , E nez‘
d, BOOK I I I .
I t i s remarkable that Vergi l does not tel l howCreusa came by her death . Apparently we are l eftto i nfer that she was ki l l ed by the Greeks.
36
pul led one up from the ground , whereupon hebeheld drops of blood oozing from the torn roots .Though horrified at the sight he pl ucked another
bough , and agai n blood oozed out as before . Then
praying to the gods to save h imself and his people
from whatever evi l there m ight be i n the omen,
he proceeded to tear up a th i rd shoot,when from
out the earth at h is feet a voice uttered these
words :O
,fE neas 1 why do you tear an unhappy wretch ?
S pare me,now that I am i n my grave ;
'
forbear to
pol lute your pious hands . I t i s from no tree- trunk
that the blood comes . Qui t th is barbarous landwith all speed . Know that I am Pol-y-do'rus. HereI was S lai n by many arrows , which have takenroot
andgrown into a tree .
”
Deep was the horror of [ E neas whi l e he l i stenedto th i s dreadful story
,for he knew that Polydorus
was one Of the younger sons of Priam . Early in the
war,his father, fearing that the Trojans m ight be
defeated,had sent him for protection to the court Of
the k ing Of Thrace . At the same tim e he sen t the
greater part of his treasures, i nclud ing a l arge sumof
money,to be taken care of by the king ti l l the war
should be over . But as soon as the Thrac ian mon
arch heard of the fal l of Troy he treacherously sl ewthe young prince and se ized all h is father’s treasure .
37
Fal se to d i v ine and human lawsT he trai t or j o ins the conquero r s cau se
,
Lay s imp i ou s hand s on Polydore,A nd grasp s by force the golden s to re .
Fel l l u st O f go ld ! abhorred,accu r s t !
IVhat w i l l no t men to s lake such th i rst ?CON INGTON
,E nez
’
d,BOOK III.
When fE neas related th is story to hi s father and
the other Trojan ch iefs , they all agreed to departforthwi th from a land pol l uted by SO black a crime .
But first they performed funeral ri tes on the graveOf Polydorus
,erecting two al tars which they
decked with cypress wreaths , the emblem of mourn
ing, and Offering sacrifices to the gods .S oon afterwards , the winds be ing favorab l e , they
set sai l,andin a few days reached D e'los, one of the
isl es of Greece,where there was a famous temple of
Apollo . A’
ni-us,the king of the i sland , anda priest
of Apollo , gave them a hospi tabl e reception . In the
great temple they made sui table Offeri ngs,and
fE neas prayed to the god to tel l them in what country they m igh t find a resti ng place and a home .
S carcely had the prayer been fini shed when thetemple and the earth i tself s eemed to quake , where
upon the T rojans prostrated themselves i n lowlyreverence upon the ground
,andpresently they heard
a voice saying :! B rave sons of Dar’da-nus
,the land which gave
38
b i rth to your ancestors shal l agai n rece ive yourrace in i ts ferti le bosom . S eek out your anc ientmother. There the house of fE neas Shal l rul e over
every coast , and h is ch i ldren’s ch i ldren and the i r
descendants .
The answers or oracles of the gods were Oftengiven in mysterious words , as i n the present case .
E neas and h is companions d id not know what land
was meant by the !
ancient mother, but Anch ises ,! revolvi ng in h i s m ind the legends of the men Of
Old,
” remembered having heard that one of his
ancestors , Teu’cer, (the father-in-law of Dardanus) ,
had come from the island of C rete . Bel i eving,
therefore,that that was the land referred to i n the
words of the oracl e , they set sai l , having first sacri
ficed to Apol lo, to N eptune , god of the ocean,and
to the god of storms , that the i r voyage m ight be
favorable .
A bu l l to Neptune,an ob lat i on due
,
Another bu l l to br i gh t Apo l l o s lewA m i l k -wh i te ewe
,the western wind s to p lease
A nd one coal -b lack,to calm the stormy seas .
D RYD EN , BOOK I I I .
They arrived safely at Crete (now known as
Can’di -a) where they remai ned a considerable time
and bu i l t a c i ty which fE neas cal l ed Per’ga-mus, the
name of the famous c i tadel or fort of Troy. But
39
here a new m i sfortune cam e upon the exi l es in the
shape Of a plague , which threatened destruc tion toman and beast and the frui ts of the field .
Sudden on man’s feeb le frame
From tainted skies a s ickness came,
On trees and crops a po i sonou s breath,
A year of pest i lence and death .
CON INGTON , /E uez'
d, BOOK I I I .
Anchises now proposed that they should return toDelos , and again seek the counsel andaidof Apol lo,but that n ight fE neas hada dream in which the household gods whose images he had carri ed wi th himfrom Troy, appeared to him ,
and told him that C retewas not the land destined by the gods for him and
his people . They al so told him where that Hesperia
was, of which he had heard from the shade of
C reusa.
A land there ’
is,Hesper ia cal led of Old
,
( T he so i l i s fru i tfu l , and the nat i ves bo ldT he ( E -no ’tr i -ans he ld i t once
,) by later fame
N ow cal led I- ta’l i -a,from the leader ’s name .
I-a’si-us there
,and Dardanu s
,were born
From thence we came,and th i ther must retu rn .
R i se,and thy s ire wi th these glad t id ings greet
Search I taly : for J ove den ies thee Crete.
D RYDEN,E zzez
'
d,BOOK
fE neas made haste to te l l th is dream to h i s father,whereupon the old man advised that they should
40
at once depart . S O they quickly got thei r sh ips inorder and se t sai l for Hesperia— the Land of the
West. But scarcely had they lost s ight of the shore
when a terribl e storm arose which drove them outOf the i r course , and for three days and n ights the
l ight of heaven was shut from thei r vi ew. Even thegreat Pal-i-nu’
rus, the pi lot of the sh ip Of fE neas,
could not distinguish n ight from day , or rem emberh is tr ue course in the m idst of the wave .
”
O n the fourth day,however, the s torm ceased andsoon the Trojans sighted land in the distance . I t
was one of the islands Of the Ion ian sea,cal l ed the
S troph’
a-des . Here dwel t the Har’pies, monsters
Jhaving faces l ike wom en ,and bodies , wings , and
Claws l ike vul tures . When the Trojans landed they
saw herds of oxen and flocks of goats grazing inthe fields . They ki l l ed some Of them and prepared
a feast upon the shore , and having first,in accord
ance wi th thei r invariable custom ,made offerings to
the gods,they proceeded !
to banquet on the richviands . But they had hardly begun thei r m eal
when the Harpi es , wi th noisy flapping of wings andfearful cri es , swooped down upon them ,
snatched off
a great portion of the meat , and so spoi led the res twi th the i r unclean touch that i t was unfit to eat.
From the mountain-top s w i th h ideou s cry ,A nd clatter ing wings
,the hungry Harp ies fly
4 1
A nd snatch the meat,defiling all they find
,
A nd part ing,leave a l oath some stench beh ind .
D RYD EN , E nez'
d, BOOK I I I .
The Trojans got ready another meal and agai n
sat down to eat , but the Harpies again came downupon them as before
,and d id in l ike manner.
PE neas and h is compan ions then resolved to fight,
so they took thei r swords and drove the foul mon
sters off, though they could not ki l l any of them , for
thei r skins were proof against wounds . O ne of them,
however,remained behind
,and perching on a rock
,
cried out in words of anger against the intruders .Do you dare , base Trojans ,
” said she , to make
war upon us after ki l l ing our oxen ? DO you dareto drive the Harpi es from the place which is thei r
own ? Listen then to what I have to tel l you ,which
the father of the gods reveal ed to Phoe’bus Apol lo ,and Apol lo reveal ed to me. I taly i s the land youseek
,and I taly you shal l reach ; but you shal l not
build the wal l s of your c i ty unti l d i re fam ine , visi ting you because you have inj ured us , shal l compelyou to devour even your tables .”
This Harpy was named -Ce-lm’
no . When theTrojans heard her awful words they prayed tothe gods for protection ,
and then hasten ing to the i r
ships,they put to sea. They soon came near
I th’a-ca, the island k i ngdom Of U lysses,the most
42
sk ilful i n stratagem of all the Greek ch iefs at theTrojan war. Curs ing the land which gave b i rth to
that c ruel enemy of thei r country , [E neas and hiscompanions sai l ed past , and they conti nued thei r
voyage unti l they reached the rocky island of Leuca’di -a on the coast of E -pi'rus
,where there was
another temple of Apol lo . Here they landed , re
joicing that they had steered safely by so many c i ti esof the i r enem ies
,for si nce l eaving Crete thei r route
had been mostly along the Grec ian coas t . They
spent the winter in Leucadia, pass ing thei r le isure i ngames of wrestl i ng and other athle tic exerc ises
,
which were the sports of warrio rs i n those anci ent
times . fE neas fastened to the door of the templ e ash ield of bronze a trophy he hadcarried away from
Troy— and upon i t he put the i nscription
TH IS ARM OR ZE N E A S W ON F ROM THECONQ UERING GREEKS .
I n spring the wanderers again took to thei r sh ips ,and sai l ing northwards , close to the
! coast, they
came to E u-thro'
tum i n Epirus, where they weresurprised to learn that H el’e -nus , son of Priam , was
king Of the country and that h is wife was A ndrom’
a-che,who had formerly been wife of the famous
Hector . fE neas having heard thi s upon landing ,
proceeded without delay towards the ci ty, impati ent
44
a long voyage to make before reaching his destination , that the place in which he should found his
new kingdom was on the banks of a river,and that
he would know i t by finding there a whi te sowwith a l i tter of th i rty young ones .
In the shady shel ter o f a wood,
A nd near the margin of a gent le floodThou shal t behold a sow u pon the groundWith th i rty suck ing young encompas sed round
( T he dam and o ffspr ing whi te as fal l ing snow) ;These on thy c i ty shal l the ir name bes towA nd there shal l end thy labors and thy woe.
D RYD EN , E zzez’
a’
,BOOK I I I .
As to the Harpy ’s dreadful prophecy that theTrojans would have to eat thei r tabl es
,Helenus
bade E neas not to be troubled about i t,for
the fates would find a way ,
”
andApol lo would bepresen t to aid. Then the soothsayer warned his
countrymen to shun the strai t between I taly andS i c i ly, where on one s ide was the frigh tful monster
S cyl’la,with th e face of a woman and the tai l Of a
dolphin,and on the other was the dangerous whirl
pool Cha-ryb’
dis. But more important than all
other th i ngs,they must Offer sacrifices and prayers
to J uno,that her anger m ight be turned away from
them,for she i t was who had hi therto Opposed all
the i r efforts to reach thei r p rom i sed land .
4 5
Helenus al so told them that on arriving in I talythey must seek out and consul t the famous S ib’yl ofCu’mae . This was a prophetess who usual ly wrote
her propheci es on l eaves of trees , which she placed
at the entrance to her cave . These l eaves had tobe taken up very careful ly and quickly , for if theywere scattered about by the wind , i t would be impossible to put them in order again , so as to read them
or understand thei r m eaning. Helenus , there fore ,di rected fE neas to request the S ibyl to give heranswers by word of mouth . S he would do so , hesai d
,and tel l him all that was to happen to him
and his people in I taly — the wars they would haveto encounter
,the dangers they were to meet, and
how to avoid them .
Thus Hel enus prophesied and gave counsel to
h is kinsmen . Then he made presents to fE neasand Anch i ses Of val uable things in gold and
si lver,and he sent p i lots to the sh ips
,and horses
and arms for the men . A nd Andromache gaveembroidered robes to Ascan i us anda cloak wrough t
in gold .
S oon afterwards the wanderers bade farewel l tothei r fri ends
,and set sai l . Next day they came in
sight Of I tal y,which they hai led wi th loud shou ts
Of rej o ic ing. I t was the south - eastern point of the
peninsula,and
-
as the Trojans approached i t, they
46
saw a harbor i nto which they ran the i r ships . H erethey went ashore and Offered sacrifices to M inerva,and al so to J uno , rem embering the advice of H elenus . But that part of the country be ing inhabi tedby Greeks
,they made haste to depart , and taking
thei r course southward,they passed by the Bay of
T a-ren’
tum and down the coas t unti l they cam e tothe entrance of the strai t now cal led Mess ina. This
was a poin t of danger, for the loud roaring of the
sea warned them that they were not far from the
terribl e Charybdis . Quickly Pal inurus turned hi sship to the left, and, all the others fol lowing, made
straight for the S i c i l ian shore . Here they landed
almost at the foot of fE tna, famous then as in our
own tim es as a volcano or burning mountai n .
U nder th i s m ountai n , according to an old l egend,
J upi ter imprisoned E n-cel’a-dus , one of th e giantswho had dared to make war against heaven
, and as
Often as the giant turned h is weary s ides , all S i c i l y
trembl ed and the mountai n sent forth flam es of
fire andstreams of m ol ten lava.
Enceladus,they say , transfixed by J ove,
With b lasted‘
limb s came tumb l ing from aboveA nd when he fel l
,the avenging father drew
Th i s flam ing h i l l,and on his body threw .
A s often as he turns his weary s ides,
H e shakes the so l id i s le, and smoke, the heavens h ides .
D RYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK I I I .
47
But beside the horrors of the ! flam i ng hi l lthere was another danger to which the Trojans werenow exposed . S i c i ly was the land Of the terribl e
Cy’clops. These were fierce giants of immense
size,with one eye , huge and round , i n the m iddle of
the i r foreheads . The morn ing afte r thei r arrival,
the Trojans were surprised to see a stranger runni ng forth from the woods , and with arm s outstre tched impl oring the i r protection . Being askedwho he was, he sai d he was a Greek
, and that h isname was Ach-e-men’ ides . He had been at Troywi th U lysses , and was one of the compan i ons ofthat famous warrior i n h is adventures after the
siege . In thei r wanderings they had com e toS ic i ly and had been in the very cave of Pol-y-phe’
mus, the largest and fiercest of the Cyclops , whohad ki l l ed several of the unfortunate Greeks .
I mysel f ,” sai d A chemenides,
!
saw him se ize
two of our number and break thei r bod ie s agai nst
a rock . I saw the i r l imbs quivering between h isteeth . But U lysses did not suffe r such th ings togo unpun i shed , for when the giant lay asl eep
,
gorged wi th food , and made drunk wi th wine,
(which U lysses had given him) we , havi ng prayed
to the gods , and arranged by lot what part each
should perform , crowded around him and with a
sharp weapon bored out h is eye,which was as large
48
as the orb of the sun , and so we avenged the deathof our com rades .
But i n thei r fl ight from the cave,after pun i sh ing
Polyphemus , the Greeks l eft A chemenides beh ind,
and for three months he l ived on berri es i n the
woods . He now warned the T rojans to depart
from the island wi th all speed,for
,he said
,a hun
dred other Cyclops,huge and savage , dwel t on those
shores , tending thei r flocks among the h i l l s .
! Such,and so vas t as Polypheme appear s
,
A hundred m ore th i s hated i s land bears '
L i ke him,in caves they shu t thei r woolv sheep ;
L i ke him t hei r herd s on t o ps of mountains keep ;L i ke him wi th m i ghty s tr i des they s tal k from s teep tos teep .
D RYD EN,E nez
'
a’
,BOOK I I I .
S carcely had A chemenides fin i shed h i s storywhen Polyphemus h imself appeared com ing downfrom the mountain in the m i dst of h is flocks .A horrid monster he was
,
! huge,awful
,hideous ,
ghastly,bl ind .
”
In h is hand he carri ed the trunk
of a pine tree to guide h is steps , and strid ing to thewater’s edge; he waded far into the sea, yet the
waves d id not touch his s ides .The Trojans now quickly got to thei r vessels ,
taking A chem enides wi th them ,and they
'
pl ied
thei r oars wi th the utmost speed . Hearing the
SO
voices of the rowers and the sweep of thei r oars,
the b l i nd giant stretched out his hands in the direct ion of the sound , seeking tO
'
seiz e h i s enem i es , ashe took them to be . But the Trojans had got
beyond h i s reach . Then in h is rage and disappoint
ment the monster rai sed a m ighty shout whichechoed from the mountai n sides and brought forth
his brethren from the i r woods and caves .
T o heaven he l i fts a monstrou s roar,
Which send s a sh udder through the waves,
Shakes to i t s ‘base the I tal ian shore,
A nd echo ing runs through ZE tna’
S caves .From rocks and wood s the Cyc l op h ostRu sh start led forth
,and crowd the coast .
There glar ing fierce we see them standIn id le rage
,a h ideou s band
,
T he son’
s. of j E tna, carry ing h ighTheir tower ing summ i t s to the sky .
CON INGTON E m z'
a'
,BOOK I I I .
After thus escaping from the terribl e Polyphemus ,the Trojan wanderers sai l ed along the coasts Of
S i c ily, and com ing to the north-west extrem i ty of
the island , they put ashore at Drep’
a-num . Here
fE neas met with a m i sfortune wh ich none of the
prophets h ad pred i c ted . This was the death of h is
venerable father Anchi ses .
After end less labors ( oftentossedBy raging storm s anddriven
'
on every coas t) ,
I I I . A GREAT ST ORM — ARR IVAL IN
CA R T HA GE .
THUS far you have read the s tory of the Trojanex iles as i t was told by fE neas h imself to D i’do
,
queen of Carthage , at whose court we shal l soonfind him ,
afte r a dreadful s torm which scattered h i s
sh ips , s ink i ng one, and drivi ng the res t upon thecoas t of Africa. The narrative occupi es the secondand th i rd books of the fE neid. I n the first book
the poet begins by tel l i ng of J uno’s unrel entinghate , which was the ch ief cause of all the evi ls thatbefel l th e Trojans .
Arm s and the man I S ing,who
,forced by fate
,
A nd haughty Juno ’s unrelent ing hate,
E xpel led and ex i led,left the Trojan shore .
Long labors,both by sea and land he bore.
DRYD EN , E nez’
a’
,BOOK I .
I t was at J uno ’s request that fE ’
o-l us , god of the
winds, raised the great s torm ,j us t at the time when
the wanderers , after leaving Drepanum ,were about
to d i rect the i r course towards the destined Hes
perian land . F or though fE neas and his com
[5 2]
53
pan ions, fol lowing the advi ce of Helenus , had
offered prayers and sacrifices to the haughty goddess
,sti l l her anger was not appeased . S he could
not forget the j udgment Of Pari s , or the prophecy
that through the Trojan race was to com e destruc
tion on the c i ty she loved . A nd SO when she saw
the sh ips of fE neas sai l ing towards the Ital ian coast,she gave vent to her anger i n bi tte r words . MustI then
,
” sai d she , ! desist from my purpose ? A m I,
the queen of heaven , not able to prevent the
Trojans from establ i sh i ng thei r kingdom in I taly ?Who then wil l hereafte r worsh ip J uno or Offe r
sacrifices on her al tars ? ” With such thoughts inflaming her breast, the goddess hastened to fE -O
’l ia,
the hom e of storms where dwel t o l us,k ing of the
winds . fE Olia was one of the ancient names of the
islands between I tal y and S i c i ly, now known as
the L ipari I slands . In a vast cave,in one of those
islands king [ E ol us held the winds impri soned and
control l ed the i r fury l es t they should destroy theworld
In a spaci ou s cave O f l i v ing stone,
T he tyrant o l u s,from h i s airy throne
With power imper ial cu rb s the struggl ing wind s,
A nd sound ing tempests in dark pr i sons b ind s
High in h i s hal l the undaunted monarch stand s,
A nd shakes h i s sceptre,and the ir rage command s ;
54
Which d id he not,their unres i sted sway
Wou ld sweep the wor ld before them in their way ;E arth
,air
,and seas
,through empty space wou ld rol l
,
A nd heaven wou ld fly before the dr i v ing sou l .In fear of th i s
,the father of the god s
Confined thei r fury to those dark abodes,
A nd l ocked them safe wi th in,oppressed wi th mountain l oad s ;
Imposed a k ing w i th arb i trary sway,
To l oose the ir fetters,or thei r force al lay .
DRYD EN , E nez’
d,BOOK 1.
To thi s great king J uno appeal ed,begging him to
send forth h is storm s agai nst the sh ips of fE neas,and she prom i sed to reward him by giving him i n
marriage the fai r De-i-o -
pe’
a,most beautiful of all the
nymphs or maids in her heavenly trai n of attend
ants. zZE Olus promptly repl ied saying that he was
ready to obey the queen of heaven . Tis for you ,O queen , to command and for
‘
me to execute your
wil l .”
Then o l us struck the side of the cavern wi th
h i s m ighty scepter, whereupon the rock flew openand the winds rushed furiously forth . In an i nstan t
a terrific hurri cane swept over land and sea. Thel ightning flashed
,the thunder peal ed , and the waves
rol l ed mountai n h igh around the Trojan fleet .
A llin a moment sun and sk iesA re b l otted from the Trojans ’ eyes ;B lack n i ght i s brood ing o
’
er the deep,
5 5
Sharp thunder peal s, l i ve l i ghtnings leap ;T he s tou tes t warr i or hold s h i s breath ,A nd l ook s as on the face of death .
CON INGTON , E nez’
d,BOOK I .
F i l l ed with terror, fE neas bewai l ed h is unhappy
fate,and
"
lamented that i t had not been his lot to fal l
wi th those
Who d ied at Troy l i ke val iant menE
’
en in the i r parent s ’ View .
But the storm increased in fury . Three of hisships were dashed against h idden rocks , while beforeh is eyes one went down wi th all i ts crew.
A nd here and there above the waves were seenArm s
,p ictu res
,prec i ous good s and fl oat ing men .
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
, BOOK I .
‘Meantime the roaring of wind and waves hadreached the ears of Neptune
,i n h i s coral palace
beneath the sea. N eptune was one of the gods who
were friendly to fE neas, and so when he rai sed h ishead above the waters , and beheld the Ships scattered about and the hero h imself i n deep distress
,
the ocean king was very angry. Instantly he summoned the winds before him , and sternly rebuked
them for daring to cause such disturbance i n h i s
dom i n ions without h is authori ty. Then he ordered
them to depart forthwi th to thei r caverns, and tel l
56
the i r master that not to him be longed the k i ngdom
Of the sea.
! Back to your master ins tant flee,
A nd tel l him,not to him bu t me
T he imper ial tr ident O f the sea
Fel l by the l ot ’s award .
CON INGTON E nez’
d,BOOK 1.
I t was by lo t that the empi re of the un iverse hadbeen divided among the three brothers J upi ter:N eptune andPluto ,
. the k ingdom of the ocean fal l i ng
to N eptune , the heavens to J upi ter and the ! lowerregions ” or regions Of the dead to P luto . N eptune ,therefore , had ful l power wi th in h is own dom i n ion ,
and so the winds had to reti re at h is command .
Then immed iately the sea became calm and sti ll ,and fE neas with seven sh ips— all that he could
find of h i s fleet sai l ed for the African coast, wh i ch
was the nearest land , the storm having driven them
far out of the i r course . S oon d iscovering a sui table
harbor,deep in a bay, with high rocks on each side
at the entrance , the tempest-tossed Trojans gladly
put ashore , and l ighti ng a fire on the beach , they
prepared a meal of parched corn , which they ground
with stones .Meanwh i l e fE neas cl imbed a rock and l ooked
out over the sea hOping to catch sight of some ofthe lost vessel s . He was accompan i ed by h is
S7
armor-bearer A -cha’
tes, who was so devoted to his
chief that the name is Often used to signi fy a very
fai thful fri end . But they could see none of them i ssing ships and so they returned to thei r com
pan i ons . Then fE neas del ivered an address to h i s
people , bidding them be of good cheer, and rem i nding them of the decree of heaven that they shouldhave a peaceful settl em ent in La'ti -um— that fai r
I tal ian land , to wh ich the gods would surely guidethem in due tim e .
Com rades and fr iend s ! for our s is strengthHas brooked the tes t of woes ;
O worse- scarred hear ts ! these wound s at lengthT he god s w i l l heal
,l i ke those.
Y ou that have seen gr im Scy l la rave,
A nd heard her monster s yel l,
Y ou that have l ooked upon the caveWhere savage Cyc l op s dwel l
,
Come,cheer you r sou l s
,you r fear s forget ;
Th i s su ffer ing wi l l y ield u s yetA pleasant tale to tel l .
Th rough chance,through per i l l ies our way
TO Lat i um,where the fates d i sp lay
A mans i on of ab id ing stay ;There Troy her fal len realm shall ra i se :
Bear up and l i ve for happ ier day s .
”
CON INGTON E neia’
,BOOK I .
I t i s not to be supposed that all th i s time thegoddess Venus was forgetful of the sufferings of her
5 8
son . Even whi l e /Eneas was thus speak i ng to h i sfel low wanderers she was pleading his cause before
the throne of J upi ter h imself on the top of Mount
O lympus . ! What offence , O king of heaven ,” said
she , ! has my fE neas comm i tted ? How have the
Trojans offended ? What i s to be the end of thei r
suffe rings ? Are they to be forever persecuted on
account of the anger'
of one goddess ? ”
T o th is appeal the king Of the gods answered assur
ing Venus that the prom ises made to the Trojan
exi les should all be fulfil l ed . fE neas, he said , shouldmake war agai nst fierce tribes i n I tal y
,and conquer
them,and rul e i n La-vin’ i -um . After himh is son
Iulus should re ign for thi rty years , and build a c i ty
to be cal l ed Alba Longa,where h is descendants would
hold sovereign power for th ree hundred years . Then
from the sam e race should come R om’
u—l us , who
would found the c i ty Rom e,which would i n time
conquer Greece and rule the world .
T he peop le Romans cal l,the c i ty Rome
To them no bound s of emp ire I as s ign,
N or term of year s to the ir immortal l ine,
E’
en haughty J uno,who
,wi th end less bro i l s
,
E arth,seas
,and heaven
,and J ove h im sel f turmo i l s
,
At length atoned,her fr iend ly power Shal l j o in
,
TO cher i sh and advance the Trojan l ine.
A n age i s r i pening in revolv ing fate,
When T roy Shal l overturn the Grec ian state,
60
W e wander here by tempes t b l own,
T he peop le and the place unknown .
CON INGTON {E nemaBOO K 1.
To these inqui ri es Venus , sti l l main tai n i ng herd isguise , repl i ed by tel l ing the Trojan heroes the
story of Carthage and Queen D ido . This famous
woman was the daughter of Be’l us , king of Tyre , a c i ty
Of Phoe-n ic’ i -a,in Asia Minor. S he marri ed awealthy
Tyrian lord named Sf
i-cha 'us . O n her father’s death ,
her brother Pyg-ma’l i-on became king of Tyre . He
was a cruel andavari c ious tyrant,andin ordTer to get
possess ion of h is bro ther-in- law’s ri ches , he had him
put to death,conceal ing the crime from his s is ter by
many fal se tal es . But i n a dream the ghost of Sichaeus appeared to D ido and told her of the wickeddeed of Pygmal i on . He at the same time advisedher to fly from the country wi th all speed
,and he
in formed her of the place where he had h idden h i s
treasures— a large sum i n gold and s i lver, wh ich he
bade her take to help her in her fl igh t.D ido therefore got together a number of ships ,
and put to sea accompani ed by a number Of her
countrymen who hated the cruel tyrant . They sai l ed
to the coast of Africa and landed in L ibya, wherethey purchased from the inhabi tants asmuch ground
as could be encompassed by a bull ’s hide cut intothongs . Then they commenced to build a c i ty which
61
they cal l ed Carthage , and even now they were en‘
gaged in rai s ing i ts wal l s .S uch was the story of D ido which Venus related
to /E neas andAchates . Having concl uded,she in
qui red i n her turn who they were,from what country
they had come , and whi ther they were going. I nreply fE neas gave a bri ef account of h is wanderingsSi nce the fal l of Troy. Then the goddess d i rected
him to go i nto the c i ty and present h im sel f beforethe queen , andshe pointed to an augury in the sky
twelve swans flying above the i r heads— which,she
said , was a S ign that the sh ips they had supposed
to be los t were at that moment sai l i ng in to theharbor
S o saying Venus turned to l eave them , when sud
denly a marvelous change took place i n her dress
and appearance , so that /E neas knew she was h is
mother, andhe cri ed to her to perm i t him to touch herhand andspeak with her as her son . The goddess
,
however, made no answer,but she cast over /E neas
and h is compani on a th ick vei l Of c loud so that noone m igh t see or molest them on the i r way. Thus
rendered invisi ble,they went towards the c i ty .
When they reached i t they found a great many
men at work , some fini sh i ng the wal l s,others erect
ing great bui ld ings of various kinds . I n the center
of the town was a magn ificent temple of J uno .
62
E nriched with gi ft s, and with a go lden shrine ;But more the goddess made the place d i v ine.
On brazen s tep s the marb le thresho ld rose,
A nd brazen p lates the cedar beam s encl o se ;T he rafter s are with brazen cover ings crowned ;T he! l o fty door s on brazen h inges s ound .
D RYDEN , fE nez'
a’
,BOOK I .
Ente ri ng thi s temple, fE neas was astonished to
find the wal l s covered with pai ntings representi ngscenes of the T rojan war.
H e saw,in order painted on the wal l
,
Whatever d id unhappy Troy befal l ;T he wars that fame around the wor ld had b l own
,
A l l t o the l i fe,and every leader known .
He s topped,and weep ing said : 0fr iend ! e
’
en here !T he monument s of Trojan woes appear !
DRYD EN E nez’
a’
,BOOK I .
Amongst the p ic tures , fE neas recognized one ofh imself perfo rm i ng deeds of valor in the th ick of thefight . While he and h is companion , both sti l l invisibl e , were g azing wi th adm i ration upon thosescenes Q ueen D ido came into the temple , attendedby a numerous trai n of warri ors , and took her seat
upon a h igh -rai sed throne . Presently there appeared
a number of Trojans advancing towards the queen ,andfE neas rej oi ced to see that they were some of h isown peopl e belonging to the Sh ips that hadbeen separated from him during the storm . They hadbeen cast
63
ashore on a d ifferent part of the coast , andnot hear
ing of the safe arrival of fE neas, they were now come
to beg the help and protection of D i do . Havingheard thei r story, which Il-i
’
o-neus , one Of thei r num
ber,briefly related ,
the queen bade them dism iss
thei r fears,prom i sing that she would give them
whatever ass istance they needed , and send out mes
sengers to search the L ibyan coasts for thei r l eader
fE neas. But at 'this point the m i st that encompassed
fE neas and h is companion suddenly vanished and
the hero stood forth , beheld by all, h is face resemb
l i ng that of a god .
T he Trojan ch ief appeared in open s ightAugust in vi sage
,and serenely br i ght .
Hi s m other -goddes s,with her handsd i v ine
,
H ad formed h i s cur l ing l ocks,andmade h i s temp les Sh ine
,
A nd gi ven h i s rol l ing eyes a sparkl ing grace,
A nd breathed a youth fu l v i gor on h i s face .
DRYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK 1.
fE neas now made himself known to' the queen
and thanked her for her kindness to h is people .
D ido was aston i shed at the sudden appearance of
the hero , of whom She had al ready heard much .
Her father, Belus , she said , had told her of the fal lof Troy and of the name of fE neas
,and having her
self suffered many m i sfortunes , She had l earned tohave pi ty for the d i stressed .
64
! F or I my sel f, l i ke you, have been d i s tressed,Ti l l heaven afforded me th i s p lace Of rest ;L i ke you, an al ien in a land unknown
,
I learn t o p i ty woes so l i ke my Own .
”
D RYD EN , A i‘ nez’d, BOOK I .
Then she i nvi ted the hero i nto the royal apartments where a grand banquet was prepared i n h i s
honor. S he al so caused a supply of provis ions to be
taken to hi s people on the shore— twenty oxen,a
hundred swine , and a hundred fat lambs. Mean
whi le —Eneas sent Achates to bring h is son Ascanius
to the c i ty, bidding him at the sam e time to take
wi th him presents for the queen , costly and beauti
ful th ings that had been saved from the ruins of
Troy— a mantl e embroidered wi th gold , a scepter
which hadbelonged to I-li’O-ne,K ing Priam ’s daugh~
ter, and a necklace strung with pearl s .At the banquet Queen D ido sat on a golden couch
,
surrounded by the Trojan ch i efs andher Tyrian lords .By her side was seated the handsom e youth whom
Achates had brought from the sh ips as the son of
E neas . D ido adm i red the beautiful boy andfondl edhim in her arms l i ttl e th inking that i t was Cupid , the
god of love , whom Venus had sent to the banquetunder the appearance Of Iulus .
Unhappy Did o l i tt le thought what guest,
H ow d ire a god She drew so near her breas t .DR VDE N . E nez
’
d, BOOK 1.
STO . OF {EN EAS 5
66
The real A scan ius meantime lay i n peaceful sl umber i n a sacred grove i n the island of Cyprus, towh i chVenus had borne him away.
Lu l led in her lap, am id st a train of Loves,She gent ly bear s him t o her b l i s sfu l groves ;Then wi th a wreath of myrt le crowns h i s headA nd soft ly lays him on a flowery bed.
D RYD EN , E nez’
d,BOOK I .
And so Queen D ido entertai ned the ch iefs of Troy
and of Carthage , wi th the god of love seated besideher on her golden couch . A hundred maids and as
many pages attended upon the guests. After theviands were removed , I-O
’pas , the Tyrian m i nstrelandpoet, played upon his gi lded lyre , and sang aboutthe wondrous th ings i n the heavens andon earth .
T he var i ou s labor s of the wander ing moon,
A nd whence proceed the ecl i p ses o f the sun ;
T he or i ginal o f men and beasts ; and whenceT he rains ar i se
,and fires their warmth d i s pense ;
What s hakes the s o l id earth ; what cau se delaysT he summer n i ght s
,and shortens w inter days .
D RYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK I .
The song of I opas was applauded by the enti re
assemblage . Then Queen D ido afte r ask i ng ZE neas
many quest ions about P riam and Hector, andAchi l
l es , and Memnon , andD i omede andother heroes of
theTrojan war, begged him to tel l the whole story from
Iv . D IDO’S LOVE — TH E F UNERAL GAM ES
SH IPS BURN ED BY T H E W OM E N .
Q UEEN DIDO was much in terested i n the story toldby fE neas, but more so in the hero himself . Hismany virtures, the honors and glories of his race
,
made a strong impression on her m i nd ; h is looks andwords were impri nted on her heart. In short
,the
Carthaginian queen was in l ove wi th the Trojan
prince . S he confided her secre t to her si ster Anna,
and she said that i f she had not vowed, on the death
of her dear husband S ichaeus, never again to uni tewi th any one i n the bondof marriage
,she m igh t
th ink of giving her hand to her noble guest.S iste r Anna knew that such a marriage would
be a great advantage to Carthage,which m igh t
need brave defenders'
like the Trojans, since therewere many warl ike princes i n that part of Afri ca,
who m ight some tim e attack the new c i ty. And ifthe Trojan arm s were j oined to those Of Carthage ,both would be strong enough to resi st the most pow
erful enemy , and the new kingdom would become[68]
69
great andflourish i ng.
! Let us the refore , said she ,pray to the gods for help and at the same t ime en
deavor by all means to detai n our Trojan guests aslong as possible upon our shore .
”
The queen l i stened to her sister’s advice wi thpleasure
, more espec ial ly as i t was in accord wi th her
own feel ings . Her scruplesabout a second marriage
soon vanished , andso she cont inued to entertain theTrojans and the i r ch ie f with princely hosp i tal i ty.
A nd now she lead s the Trojan ch ief al ongT he l o fty wal l s
,am id s t the bu sy throng ;
D i sp lays her Tyr ian weal th , and r i s ing town,
Which l ove,wi thou t his labor makes his own .
Thi s pomp she shows,to tem pt her wandering guest
H er fal ter ing tongue forb id s t o speak the rest .
When day dec l ines and feas ts renew the n i ght,
S t i l l on h i s face she feed s her fam i shed s ight ;She l ongs again to hear the pr ince re lateHis own adventu res
,and the Trojan fate.
H e tell s i t o ’
er and o’
er ; bu t st i l l in vain ;F or st i l l She begs to hear i t once again .
DRYD EN E nez’
d,BOOK IV .
Meanwhile the goddess J uno,watch ing the course
of events , al so saw the advantage,to her favori te c i ty
,
of a union wi th the Trojan ch ief . I f he and h is
people , she though t , could be persuaded to settl e inCarthage
,that c i ty andnot the long tal ked of Rome ,
would come to be the center of power and the rule r
70
of the world . S he therefore proposed to Venus atreaty of
! eternal peace ” on the cond i t ion of a mar
riage between fE neas and D ido .
Your Trojan wi th my Tyr ian let us j o in ;SO D id o shal l be your s
,fE neas m ine
One common k ingdom,one un i ted l ine.
D RYDEN , E nez’
a’
,BOOK IV .
Venus was not at all dece ived by th i s plausibl e
speech . S he well understood the motive and pur
pose of J uno to secure future power and glory forCarthage and divert from Rom e the emp i re Of the
world , nevertheless she answered in m i ld words saying,
! Who could be so fool i sh as to rej ect such an
al l iance , and prefer to be at war wi th the queen of
heaven ? Yet there i s a d ifficul ty . I do not knowwhether i t i s the pleasure of J upi ter that the TyriansandTrojans Should dwel l together in one c i ty . Wil lhe approve the un ion of the two nations ? Perhaps
,
however, you , who are h is wife ,may be abl e to inducehim to do so . I t i s for you , then , to lead the way,andwhere y ou l ead I shal l fol l ow.
”
But another obstacl e stood i n the way of J uno’s
proposed al l iance . There was at that time a cer
tai n African king named I-ar’bas , a very important
personage,for he was a son Of J upi ter . I t was from
him that D ido when she first came to Libya hadbought the ground to build her c i ty. Now Iarbas
7 I
wished to have D ido for h i s wife , and he had askedher to marry him , but she had re fused . Great washis anger, therefore , when he heard that the -Trojan
chief had been rece ived and honored in Carthage
and that a marriage between him and the queen wastalked of as a certai n th ing . S o he went to thetemple of h is father Jupi te r, and complained b i t
terly of the conduct of D ido i n rej ecting himself
and taking a fore ign prince into her kingdom to bei ts ruler. The king Of heaven , natural l y enoughsympath i s i ng wi th h is son, gave ear to h is complai n t
and he forthwith dispatched Mercury with a mes
sage to fE neas, bidding him to depart i nstan tlyfrom Carthage . Thi s command the sw ift-winged
god, having sped down from O lympus , and soughtout the Trojan hero , del ivered i n impress ive words .
A l l p owerfu l J oveWho sway s the wor ld bel ow and heaven above
,
Has sent me down wi th th i s severe commandWhat means thy l inger ing in the L ibyan land ?I f gl ory cannot move a m ind so mean
,
N or fu ture pra i se from fl i tt ing pleasure wean,
Regard the fortunes of thy r i s ing heirT he prom i sed crown let young A scan i u s wear
,
To whom the Au son ian sceptre,and the s tate
O f Rome’s imper ial name
,i s owed by fate.
DRYDEN , BOOK IV .
The command fi l l ed [ Eneas with astoni shment
72
and fear. He knew that he must obey, but how
could he break the i ntel l igence to D ido , or whatexcuse could he offer for so sudden a departure ?
What shou ld he Say , or how shou ld he begin ?What cour se alas remains
,to steer between
T he o ffended l over and the power fu l queen .
D RYD EN , {E nez'
a’ BOOK IV .
There be ing, however, no m iddle course , fE neasd i rected h i s ch iefs to get ready the sh ips
,cal l to
gether the crews , and prepare thei r arms , and to do
all as quietly and secretly as poss ibl e . Meanwhilehe h imself would watch for a favorabl e Opportuni ty
of ob tai n ing the queen’s consen t to thei r departure .
Himsel f,meant ime
,the softes t h ours wou ld choose
,
Before the l ove- S ick lady heard the news,
A ndmove her tender m ind,by s l ow degrees
To su ffer what the s overe i gn power decrees .
D RYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK IV .
But D i do soon discovered what the Trojans wereabout , and she sent for fE neas and reproached himi n angry words for h is deception and i ngrati tude .
Then her anger gave way to gri ef and tears , andshe implored him to al ter h is resolution , declaringthat i f he would th us suddenly l eave her she mustsurely d ie . z
ZE neas was i n deep distress at the spectacl e of the sorrowing queen ,
yet he dared not yi eld
to her entreati es , s ince i t was the decree of the fates
73
and the command of J upi ter that he should remainno longer in Carthage .
The Trojans therefore hastened thei r preparations
andwere soon ready to set sai l ; but there came another warn ing conveyed to them by the god Mercury
,who
,whi le fE neas was asleep in h is sh ip
,ap
peared to him in a dream , bidding him to speed
away that very n ight , for i f he wai ted unti l morn ing
he would find the harbor fi l l ed wi th queen D i do ’s
fleet to prevent h is departure. S tarting from h iscouch fE neas qu ickly roused his compan i ons and
gave the order for ins tantly putting to sea.
Haste to your oar s you r crooked ancho r s wei gh,
A nd speed your fly ing sa i l s,and s tand to sea !
A god command s he s tood before my s ight ,A nd urged me once again t o speedy fl igh t .
DRYD EN , E mmi,BOOK IV .
Promptly the order of the ch ief was obeyed,
and soon the Trojan vessel s were sai l ing awayfrom the c i ty of D ido . And at dawn Of morn ing
the unhappy queen , l ooking forth from her watch
tower,beheld them far out at sea. Then she
prayed that there might be e ternal enm i ty between
the descendants of fE neas and the people of
Carthage,and that a man would come of her
nation who would persecute the Trojan race wi th
fire and sword .
74
These are my prayers , and th i s my dy ing wi l lA nd you,
my Tyr ians , every cur se fu lfi l lPerpetual hate andmortal war s proc laimAgains t the pr ince
,the people
,and the name.
These gratefu l O ffer ings On my grave bes towN or league
,nor l ove
,the hos t i le nat i ons know
N ow and from hence in every fu tu re age,
When rage exc i tes your arm s,and s trength supp l ies the
rage,
R i se some avenger of our L ibyan b l o odWith fire and sword pursue the per j ured broodOur arms
,our
' seas,our shores
,oppo sed t o the irs ;
A nd the same hate descend on all our he ir sD RYD EN , E nez
’
a’
, BOOK IV .
Vg gfl thus makes D ido prophesy the long_ _con
flict between Rome and Carthage , (known as the
Pumc w ars) and the ach i evements of the famousCarthagin ian general , Han'ni-bal, who carried the
war i n to the heart Of I taly (2 18 B . C .) and defeatedthe Romans i n several great battl es.
In her grief at the departure of fE neas, theunhappy queen resolved to put an end to her l ife .
’
S he bade her servants erect i n the’
inner court yard
of her palace a l ofty pi le of wood , cal l ed a funeral
pyre,and upon i t to place an image of fE neas as
wel l as the arms he had l eft beh ind him . Then
mounting the pyre , to which flam i ng torches had
been appl i ed , she stabbed herself wi th her falselover’s sword ,
and so d ied .
76
accord ing to the custom of the times , poured wineandm i lk on the ground , as an offeri ng to the gods .Fresh flowers were then scattered on the tomb .
Whil e these ceremonies were being performed all
present were startl ed by the appearance Of a huge
serpent w i th scal es of golden hue , which suddenlygl ided from beneath the tomb , trai l ed among the
bowls.
or goblets contain ing the wine and m i lk ,tasted sl ightly of the contents
,and then returned
into the vaul t .
Betw ix t the r i s ing al tar s,and around
,
T he sacred m onster sh ot al ong the groundWith harm les s p lay am id st the bowl s he pas sedA nd wi th h i s l o l l ing tongue as sayed the tasteThus fed wi th h o ly fo od
,the wondrou s guest
W i th in the ho l l ow tomb ret ired t o rest .
D RYD EN . E nez’
d, BOOK V .
fE neas bel i eved that th is serpent was an attendant on the shade of Anch ises . He supposed , there
fore,that h is father was now elevated to the digni ty
of a god,for most of the gods had inferior de i ties
assigned to them as m i n isters or messengers .
Besides the sacrifices and other ceremonies at the
tomb,there were games and athl etic exerc i ses i n
honor of Anch ises,th is al so being one of the cus
toms Of the anc i ents in paying tribute to the mem
ory of thei r dead heroes . The pri nc ipal event i n
7
the gam es was a ship race .in which the most ski lfu l
Of the Trojan mariners took part . In th is contest
M nes'
theus wi th a sh ip named and Clo-art’
thus commanding the S cy lla performed wonderfulfeats of seamanship . S O equal ly were they matchedand so wel l d id they manage thei r vessel s that bothwould probably have reached the goal or winn i ng
post together,had i t not been for the interference
of the gods . The goal was a branch of an oak treefixed to a smal l rOCk in the bay fac ing the beach
on which the spectators were assembled . As the
S ay /la was approach ing the rock on the home run,
the P r z
’
sfz’
s, which had been pressing close behind ,shot al ongside
,andwas almost beak to beak wi th
i ts competi tor Then C loanthus stretch ing forth
his arm s to heaven , prayed the gods of the sea
to help him at that cri ti cal moment,prom i sing
that he would Offer sacrifices of thanksgiving on
the i r al tars,i f he should win the race . His prayer
was qu ickly heard . From the i r palaces in the deep,
the N e- re’ ids , N eptune’s band of attendants and
assi stants , rushed to h is aid,and with his m igh ty
hand Por-tu’nus , the god of harbors , com ing beh ind the S cy /la , pushed the vessel al ong , speed i ngher forward more swiftly than the wind .
A nd Old Po rtunu s w i th h i s bread th o f hand,
Pu shed on and sped the gal ley to the land,
78
Swift as a shaft, or winged wind , she fl ies,
A nd dart ing to the port, ob tains the pr i ze.
D RYDEN , E nez’
a’
,BOO K V .
C loanthus was declared vic tor and rece ived the
first prize— a rich mantle embro idered i n gold,
The second prize was given to M nestheus, and
sui table rewards were al so bestowed on the crews .After the ship race fE neas and the vast mul ti
tude of Trojans and S i c i l ians proceeded to a grassy
plai n not far from the shore where the other games
were held . The first was a foot race i n which a
large number took part . Among them ! were
E u-ry’
a- l us and N i’sus,Trojan youths famed for
the i r m utual friendship , and D i-O'res , a young
prince of Priam ’s royal l i ne . Among the S i c i l ian
competi tors were S a’l i-us and Pa’tron , and two
young men ,E l’y-mus and Pan
’
O -pes , compan ions of
K i ng Acestes .The signal having been given , the racers darted
Off l ike l igh tning . N i sus quick ly took the leadspringing far away ahead of the rest. N ext ,but at a IOng distance came S alius, and afte r him
Euryal us , fol lowed by E lym us , with D i ores close
by hi s side . N i sus would have reached the goal
first , but j ust as he was approach ing it , he lost his
foothold at a S l ippery spot on the course , and fel lhead long upon the ground S eeing then that i t
b r aw n by
T HE FOOT RACE.
80
was not possib l e for him to win , he though t of h i sfri end E uryal us , and rising from the ground hese t h imself right i n the way of S alius who was
rush ing forward .
E’
en then affect i on c laim s i t s part ;E u ryal u s is in h i s hear t ;Upr i s ing from the sodden c lay
,
H e cas ts h imsel f in Salius’ way ,A nd Salius tr i pped and sprawl ing lay .
CON INGTON , E ngin’, BOOK V .
This gave the vic tory to E uryal us, but S aliusprotested agai nst the foul play by wh i ch he hadbeen defeated , and claimed that he was enti tled to
the first prize . fE neas, however, decided that theprize should go to him who had actual ly reached
the goal first. N everthel ess , he gave S alius a l ion ’sh ide
,heavy wi th shaggy fur and gil t c laws . N i sus
,
too , claimed a reward , and fE neas sympath isi ng
wi th h i s m i sfortune , presented to him a sh ield of
beautiful workmansh ip , which had been taken fromthe pil lars of N eptune ’s temple i n the
’
c i ty of Troy.
Games of boxing and archery— shooting wi th
bows and arrows— came next. In the lat ter contest, king Acestes and M nestheus took part . The
other competi tors were E u-ry’
ti-on andHip-poc’o-on .
F or a mark to shoot at, they ti ed a pigeon to thetop of a tal l mast set firm ly i n the ground . Hip
8 1
pocoon won the first chance i n the drawing of lots.H i s arrow struck the mast wi th such force that i t
fixed i tself i n the wood . The arrow of M nestheus
broke the cord by which the pigeon was attached to
the mast,and as she flew Off, Eurytion discharged
‘
his shaft wi th so true an aim that i t k i l l ed the b i rd .
Acestes,who had drawn the last lo t , now fired ,
though there was noth ing to shoot at, but hi s arrowas i t winged i ts way h igh into the air, presented tothe spectators a marvelous sigh t.
E’
en in the mid expanse of sk iesT he arrow k ind les as i t fl ies
,
Beh ind i t draws a fiery glare,
Then wast ing,van i shes in air .
Com m ou E ma,BOOK v .
fE neas i nterpreted th i s wonde rful event as a sign
of the wi l l of the gods that A cestes should rece ive
the honors of vic tory, and so he presented to him a
goblet embossed i n gold , which had belonged tohis father Anchises . But prizes were given to Eurytion al so and to the other archers . Then fol lowed
the last of the games of the day, a grand exhibi tion
of horsemansh ip,i n wh ich a number of the Trojan
youth , —ch ief amongst them the boy Iulus ,— took
the leading part .Thus d id fE neas pay honor to h i s fath er
’s
memory . Meantime the unrel ent ing J uno was
STO . OF XE N E A S 6
82
devising schemes to prevent the hero and his companions from reach ing the i r prom i sed land . With
th is Obj ect she sent her messenger I ’ri s down to theTrojan women
,who sat together on the shore whi l e
the men were assembled at the i r gam es,for at these
exerci ses femal es were not al lowed to be spectators.As the women sat on the beach , looking out uponthe sea,
they thought and talked of the hardsh ipsthey had endured duri ng the i r long wanderings ,and lamented their wretched lot in having sti l l somuch to suffe r before they could find permanent
homes to settl e i n .
A las ! ( said one) what oceans yet remainF or u s to sai l ! what labors to su stain !A l l take the word , and, wi th a general groanImpl ore the god s for peace, and places of thei r own .
D RYDEN , E nez’
d,BOOK V .
I ri s j o ined i n these complaints, and they thought
she was one of them selves , for she had assumed the
appearance and dress Of a Trojan , and pretended to
be Ber’o-e,a Trojan woman who was j ust then on
a sick bed in her own chamber. ! U nhappy are
we,
” cri ed the fal se Beroe ; ! far better for us wouldi t have been if we had died by the hands of theGreeks before the wal l s of our native c i ty ! What
m i serable doom does fortune reserve for us ? Theseventh year since the destruction of Troy has
84
Own form , mounted i n to the sky. Then the T rojanWomen , astoni shed at what they had seen
,and
exci ted almost to madness , cri ed out with a loudvoice , and, se izing brands from the al tars
,they
rushed to the sh ips.
They shr iek al oud ; they snatch with imp i ou s hand sT he food of al tars ; firs and flam ing brand s
,
Green bough s and sap l ings,m ingled in the i r haste
,
A nd smok ing torches,on the sh i p s they Cast .
D RYDEN , E nez'
d,BOOK V .
The ships were now on fire and the alarm quicklyreach ing the men,
they rushed to the shore and
endeavored to subdue the flames , whil e the womenal ready regretti ng the i r fol ly, fled in terror from the
scene . But in spi te of the efforts of the men the
fire rapidly spread , and i t seemed as i f the enti reT rojan fleet was doom ed to destruction. Then the
pious fE neas, with upraised hands , prayed to J upi terfor help
,and immed iately there came a great rai n
storm ,and the wate r descended in torrents , unti l
every spark was exti nguished . Four Of the ships,
however, were destroyed .
fE neas was much d istressed by th i s m i sfortune ,andhe began to th ink that i t might be be tte r, evenin
d isregard of the fates, and the propheci es , to remai ni n S i c i ly
,than to make any further attempt to reach
the prom i sed I tal ian land . But one of h is people,
I
8 5
an Old anda very wise man, named Nau’
tes, stronglyurged that the wi l l of the gods ought to be obeyed .
As to those who were weary of the enterpri se— theaged
,the feeb l e , and such of the women as were
not wil l i ng to undergo further fatigues at sea— he
advised that they should be l eft under the protection of Acestes , who, being himself of T rojan blood ,would doubtless grant them a settlement in his
ki ngdom .
Your fr iend Aces tes i s o f Tro jan k ind ;To him d i sc l o se the secret s o f your m ind ;Here you may bu i ld a common town for all
,
A nd,from Acestes ’ name
,A cesta cal l .
D RYD EN , E nez'
a'
,BOOK V .
While fE neas was sti l l in doubt what course to
pursue,his father appeared to him i n a dream and
bade him do as Nautes had advised . Acestes wi l l
ingly consented , and so a Trojan colony was
formed in S i c i ly, and fE neas marked out wi th a
plow the boundari es of the new c i ty, which he
cal l ed after the king’s name S oon afte rwards
preparat ions for departure were made , and fE neasset sai l , accompanied by all of h is peopl e who were
sti l l wi l l i ng to fol low his fortunes, and strong
enough to endure further toi ls and hardsh ips .
They had a safe voyage to I taly , for Venus had
entreated N eptune to protect her son and h is flee t.
86
The god of the ocean was favorab l e , and heprom i sed to take care that the Trojans should reachthei r desti nation i n safe ty. But there was to beone excepti on .
! O ne l ife , he said , ! shal l be givenThe vic tim was the famous pi lo t Pal ifo r many.
nurus, andthe poet tel ls .us that h is fate was broughtabout by the action of S om'nus
,the god of sl eep .
This god taking upon h im self the l ikeness of
Phor’
bas, one Of the sons of Priam ,who was ki l led
duri ng the Trojan war, appeared to Pal i nurus
during one of the watches of the night, and tri ed topersuade him to l ie down and sl eep, whi le he himselfwould stand at the helm and steer the sh ip . But
Pal inurus refused to qui t h is post. Then the treach
erous god waved before h i s eyes a branch that had
been dipped in the S tygian Le’the , the fabled river
of forgetfulness,and soon the pi lot dropped off i nto
a deep slumber, duri ng which S omnus l eaningheavi ly upon him ,
plunged him headlong into the
waves .ZE neas was deeply grieved at the loss of h is fai th
ful p ilot. He him self took charge of the sh ip , and
the whol e fleet,secure under the protection of Nep
tune,
’ reached the I tal ian coast wi thout further
m i shap .
V . T H E S IBY L O F CUM /E — T H E GOLDE N
BOUGH— IN T H E REG IONS OF
THH S DE A D.
XE N E A S was now i n I taly, but not in the part ofi t where the destined ci ty was to be founded . Theprophet
,Helenus , as we have seen , haddi rected him
that when he reached the Hesperian land he shouldvisi t the Cu-mae
’
an S i byl , and l earn from -her what
d ifficul ti es he was yet to encounter, andhow to over
come them . Cumae, where the S ibyl dwel t, was onthe coas t of Cam -pa’ni-a, and to thi s place , therefore ,PE neas d i rected his course after l eavi ng S i c i ly.
Having safely landed , the hero lost no time i nmaking his way to the templ e Of Apol lo , for i n a
cave adj oin ing th is temple and communicati ngwith i t by a hundred doors and as many avenuesor corridors, the S ibyl gave her answers.There were many s ibyls i n ancien t times . The
most celebrated was the S ibyl of Cumae. S he had
several names , but the one adopted by Vergil i sD e-iph
’
O-be. Apol lo once fel l i n love with th is Sibyland he prom ised to give her whatever she should
[87]
88
ask if she would marry him . De iphobe asked tol ive as many years as she hadgrai ns of sand in her
hand at the time . S he forgot, however, to ask for
the continuance of heal th and youth , of which she
was then in possess ion . Apol lo granted her requestbut she refused to perform her part of the bargai n ,and soon afterwards she became aged and feeble .S he had al ready l ived seven hundred years whenfE neas came into I taly, and she had three cen
turies more to l ive before her years would be as
numerous as the grai ns of sand wh ich she hadheld i n her hand .
As fE neas with several of h is companions ap
proached the cave, they were met at the outer
entrance by the S i byl herself. Then the Trojan
hero,after a prayer to Apoll o, begged the good wil l
of the prophetess that her answers m ight be favor
able to him and h is people .
A nd th ou,O sacred maid , insp ired to see
T he event o f th ings in dark fu tur i ty 'G i ve me
,what heaven has prom i sed to my fate,
To conquer and command the Lat ian s tateTO fix my wander ing god s , and find a p laceF or the l ong ex i les of the Trojan race.
D RYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK VI.
Nor d id [Eneas forget to beg the S ibyl , as H elenus had di rected him , to give her revelations by
89
word Of mouth , and no t on l eaves of trees , as was
her custom .
But,oh comm i t not thy prophet ic m ind
T O fl i tt ing leaves,the spor t of every wind
,
Les t they d i sperse in air our empty fateWr i te not
,bu t
,what the power s orda in
,relate .
D RYD EN z E nez’
a’
,BOOK V I .
The S ibyl grac iously consen ted , and then thesp i ri t of prophecy having moved her , she told
fE neas of the dangers that yet lay before him , dan
gers far more form idable than any he had hi therto
encountered .
E scaped the dangers of the watery rei gn,
Y et more and greater i l l s by land remain .
T he coast so l ong des ired ( nor doub t the event) ,Thy troops shal l reach
,bu t
,hav ing reached
,repent .
Wars horr id war s,I v iew — a field of b l o od
,
A nd Tiber ro l l ing wi th a pu rp le flood .
D RYDEN , BOOK V I .
But [Eneas was not d i scouraged by th i s terribl e
prophecy . He was ready , he said , to me e t the
worst that could com e , and now he was about toundertake an enterpri se more arduous than any thesoothsayers had told him of. This was a descent
into the regions of Pl uto the land of the deadto vi si t the shade of h is father, who i n a dream had
requested him to do so , tel l ing him that the Cumaean
90
S ibyl wou ld be h i s gu ide , for the entrance to theLower World was near L ake A -ver’nus , not far
from the cave of the prophetess .fE neas, therefore , entreated the S i byl to consent
to be his conductor that so he m igh t comply withhi s father’s w i sh . I n reply to th i s request the
prophetess warned the Trojan chief that the under
taking was one of great danger. The descent i ntothe kingdom Of Pluto , she said , was easy , but, to
return to the upper world— that was a task difficul t for mortal s to accompl i sh . Few there were whohad entered the gloomy realms of D is , to whom i thad been perm i tted ever to retrace the i r steps .
T he j ourney d own to the aby ssI s prosperou s and l i gh t ;
T he palace-gates of gl oomy DisS tand open day and n i ght
Bu t upward to retrace the wayA nd pas s into the l igh t O f day ,There comes the stress of labor ; th i sM ay task a hero ’s m i gh t .
CON INGTON , E nez‘
d, BOOK VI.
N evertheless i f [Eneas were sti l l determ ined on
th i s peri lous j ourney she was wil l i ng to aidhim and
be his guide . But one th i ng, she said , must first be
done . In the woods around the cave was a tree onwhich grew a bough wi th leaves and twigs of gold .
92
presently perched upon a tree , and from out thefol iage of th is tree , as the Trojan ch i ef approached
i t, there flashed upon h is eyes the gleam of the
golden bough . Eagerly he plucked Off the branch,
andgladly bore i t to the cave of the S ibyl .They now se t out on thei r peri l ous j ourney. At
the mouth of the gloomy cavern by the s ide of
Lake Avernus, which was the opening to the road
that l ed to Hades — the k i ngdom of the dead
they Offered sacrifices to the gods . Then theypl unged into the cave , the S ibyl going first
, and
fE neas fol lowing wi th sword drawn,as his guide
had di rected . Many strange and terr ib le sigh ts
they saw on the way.
Fu l l in the m id s t an aged elm
B rood s dark ly o’
er the shadowy realmThere dream - land phantom s res t the wing
,
M en say , and’
neath i t s fo l iage c l ing,
A ndmany monstrou s shapes bes ide.
There Centaurs,Scy l las
,fish andmaid
There Br iareu s ’ hundred -handed shade.
CON INGTON , E nez'
a’
, BOOK VI.
fE neas was about to rush on these monsterswi th hi s sword
,when the S ibyl i nformed him that
they were no real bei ngs but m ere ly phantoms .Then they came to the S tyx— the river Of Hades
,
over wh ich the ferryman Cha’ron'
, grim and long
93
bearded , conveyed the departed spi ri ts, i n h i s i roncolored boat
,us ing a pole to steer with .
T he watery passage Charon keep sS o le warden of these mu rky deep s .
CON INGTON , E nez’
a’
, BOOK VI.
No l iving bei ng was perm i tted to ente r Charon ’sboat, or to cross the S tygian river wi thout the pass
port Of the golden bough . Th i s could be obtai nedonly by spec ial favor of some powerful god, and few
had been so favored . Even the dead , if the i r bodies
had not rece ived burial ri tes , were refused adm is
sion to the boat, unti l they had wande red on the
shore for a hundred years . S O the S i byl to ld fE neaswhen he inqui red why some were ferri ed over
,wh i l e
others were driven back, lam enting that they werenot al lowed to pass to the i r destined abode .
T he ghosts rej ected are the unhappy crewDepr i ved of sepu lchres and funeral dueT he boatman
,Charon th ose
,the bu r ied host
H e ferr ies over to the fu rther coas tN or dares h i s transport vessel cros s the wavesWith such whose bones are not composed in graves .
A hund red years they wander on the shoreA t length , their penance done , are wafted o
’
er .
DRYD EN,E neid
'
,BOOK V I .
One Of these unhappy spi ri ts fE neas recogni sedas that Of his pi lot Pal i nurus
,who told the hero
94
that he had not been drowned, or plunged into the
sea by a god , for he did not know of the treacheryof S omnus . He had fal l en overboard
,he said
, and
kept afloat for three days, cl inging to the helm ,
which he had dragged away wi th him . O n the
fourth day he hadswam ashore on the I tal ian coast ,and
! would have been out of danger,had not the
c ruel nat ives there fal l en upon him with the i r
swords . H is body he said was now toss ing about
in the waters of the harbor of Ve’l i -a,and he
begged z’E neas to seek i t out and give i t burial ,
or, i f th is was impossibl e , to devise som e means ofhelp ing him across the S tygian river. This latter
proposal the S ibyl forbade as impious , saying that
the decrees of the gods could not be thus al tered .
But she consoled Pal inurus by predicting that the
peopl e of Vel ia should be pun i shed by plagues from
heaven unti l they erected a tomb to h is m emory ,and that the place should forever bear h is name .
The modern nam e of the place i s Capo a’z
’
P ali
mn/o Cape of Pal i nurus .
fE neas and h is guide now approached the river .
Charon at once seeing that they were mortal
beings,roughly ordered them to advance no further.
M ortal,whate’
er,who th i s forb idden path
In arms presum’
st to tread I charge thee s tandA nd tel l thy name
,and bu s iness in the land !
Dr aw n by Var za n .
[ENEAS CRO S S ING T H E S T Yx .
96
Know,th i s the realm of n i ght— the S tygian Shore ;
My boat conveys no l i v ing bod ies o ’
er .
D RYDEN , E nez’
d, BOOK V I .
The S ibyl answered that her compan ion was theTrojan fE neas, i l l ustri ous for piety and val or
,who
desi red to go down to the shades to see andconversewi th his father Anchi ses . Then from underneathher robe she produced the golden bough .
No more was need fu l ; for the gl oomy godS tood mute with awe
,to see the go lden rod;
Adm ired the dest ined o ffer ing to h i s queenA venerab le gi ft
,so rarely seen .
DR YD EN,E nez
’
a’
, BOOK V I .
The two mortal s were now received i n to the boat
andsoon ferri ed safely to the other side . There they
saw the three-headed watchdog Cer’
be-rus,whomade
the dreary region resound wi th hi s frightful barking.
The S i byl flung him a cake composed of honey and
drugged grai n,which he greed i ly swal lowed . Then
the monster fel l i nto a deep sleep . The passage
bei ng thus free,they proceeded on the i r way. S oon
they came to th e place where the j iidge Mi’
nos sat,exam in i ng into the l ives and crimes of departed
mortals .
M inos the str ict inqu i s i tor,appears ;
A nd l i ves and cr imes,with h i s asses sors hear s .
97
Round,in h i s urn
,the b lended bal l s he ro l l s
,
Ab so lves the j u st,and dooms the gu i l ty sou l s .
D RYDEN,E nez
‘
a’
, BOOK V I .
In one of the outer regions of the shadowy worldhe had now entered , a region which the poet cal l sthe Mourn ing F i e lds , fE neas beheld the shade of
the unhappy Carthagin ian queen .
Whom when the Trojan hero hard ly knewOb scure in shades
,and wi th a doub tfu l v iew
,
With tear s he fi rs t approached the su l len shade ;A nd as h i s l ove insp ired him
,thu s he said
‘
Unhappy queen ! then i s the common b reathO f rumor true
,in your reported death
,
A nd I,alas ! the cau se — By Heaven
,I vow
,
A nd all the power s that ru le the realms bel owUnwi l l ing I for sook your fr iend ly state
,
Commanded by the god s,and forced by Fate.
D RYDEN,E nez
’
d,BOOK V I .
But the mournful shade made no answer to theTrojan hero ’s vows and regrets .
Di sdainfu l ly she l ooked ; then tu rn ing round,
S he fixed her eyes unmoved upon the ground ;
A nd,what he says and swears
,regard s no more
Than the deaf rocks,when the l oud b i l l ows roar
Bu t wh i r led away,t o shun his hatefu l s igh t
,
Hid inthe forest,and the shades of n i ght :
Then sought Sichaeus through the shady grove,
Who answered all her cares,and equal led all her l ove .
DRYD EN , xE nez'
a’
,BOOK VI.
ST O . O F E NEAS 7
98
They next came to the F i eld of H eroes , where
fE neas'
saw the shades ofmany of h is brave com rades
of the Trojan war. The ghosts crowded round him,
standing on the right hand andon the l eft . N or were
they sat i sfied wi th see ing him once . They wished to
detain him a long tim e , to talk wi th him and l earn
the cause of h is strange visi t . But the S i byl warnedhim that they must hasten forward , and presently
they came to a place where the path d ivided i tself
into two . The right led by the wal ls Of Pluto’spalace to the happy F i eld of E—lys
’
ium ,the land o f
the blessed . The left path l ed to Tar’ta-rus , theabode Of the wicked . A t th is place fE neas saw a
vast prison , inclosed by a tripl e wal l,around which
flowed/
the Phleg'
e-thon a river of fire . In front of
i t was a huge gate of sol id adamant .
There rol l s sw i ft Plegethon,wi th t hund
’
ring sound ,Hi s broken rocks
,and wh i rl s h i s su rges round .
On m i gh ty col umns rais’
d sub l ime are hungT he massy gates impenetrab ly strong .
In vain wou ld men,in vain wou ld god s ess'ay
,
T o hew the beams of adamant away .
P I T’I , E uel‘
n’
, BOOK V I .
Deep groans and the grating of i ron and the clanking of chai ns were heard from out these wal l s . Noneexcept the lost souls , the S ibyl said , were al l owed topass the th reshold of Tartarus , and the pun i shments
100
the air pure andbalmy. The happy spi ri ts were en
gaged in sports , such as hadbeen the i r pleasure when
i n the world above . S ome were wrestl ing on the
grassy plai n , others exerc i si ng wi th spear and bow,
others s inging and danc ing.
Their airy l imbs in sp ort s they exerc i seA nd
,on the green
,contend the wrest ler ’s pr i ze.
S ome,in hero ic ver se
,d i v inely s ing ;
O ther s in ar tfu l measures lead the r ing .
D RYDEN, E nez
’
d,BOOK V I .
On the bank of a beautifu l river the E -rid’a-nusflowin
'
g over sands Of gold , was a band of spi ri ts
whose heads were crowned wi th white garlands .These were the sp iri ts of patri ots who had fought for
their country, poets who had sung the prai ses of thegods
,
-
andmen who had improved l ife by the invention of useful arts . In this band was M u-sze
’
us, themost ancient of poets . Approach ing him the S i byl
i nqu i red where Anch ises m ight be found .
! None of
us here,
”
answered Musaeus , ! has a fixed abode .
We dwel l i n shady groves , or l i e on the banks Ofcrystal s treams . But come over th is em i nence and
I wil l d i rect you to him you seek .
Musaeus then l ed them to a spot from which theycould view the brigh t E lysian fields around ,
and
pointed to a green dal e where at last they beheld
A nchises. T he hero hastened to approach h is fathe r ,
IO I
eager to embrace him , and thrice d id he attempt tothrow his arms about h is neck , but thrice d id theform escape h is hold , for i t was noth ing but th in air.
Thr ice,around h i s neck , h i s arm s he threw
A nd th r ice the fl i tt ing shadow S l i pped away,
L i ke wind s,or empty dream s
,that fly the day .
D RYD EN,{E m a BOOK v1.
Anch ises told h i s son much about the dwel lers i nE lysium . O n the banks of the river Lethe— the
river of forgetfulness — was a countl ess mul ti tude of
Spi ri ts wh ich , he said , were yet to l ive In earthlybod ies . They were the souls of unborn generations
ofmen . Amongst them , he pointed out to fE neas, the
spi ri ts of many of those who were to be his own de
scendants in the kingdom he was to establ i sh i n I taly.
T he father - sp i r i t lead sT he pr iestes s and h i s son through swarms of shades
,
A nd takes a r i s ing ground,from thence t o see
T he l ong proces s i on of h i s progenyDRYD EN , E nez
‘
a’
, BOOK V I .
From th i s ri s ing ground fE neas saw the shadowy
forms of future heroes of Rome— of R om’
u-l us,who
was to found the ci ty of B rutus , Ca-m i l’l us,Fa
'b i-us,and of the m ighty Caesars .
LO ! Caesar there'
and all his seed,
Iu l u s ’ progeny decreedTo pas s ’
neath heaven’s h igh d ome .
102
This,th i s i s he, so oft the theme
O f your prophet ic fancy ’s dream,
Augustu s Caesar,J ove’s own s train.
CON I NGTON , E nez‘
d, BOOK V I .
Anch i ses next told [ Eneas of the wars he should
have to wage , and i nstructed him how to avoid or
overcome every difficul ty. Then he conducted h i s
vis i tors to the gates of S l eep , through which the gods
of Hades sent dreams to the upper world— true
dreams through the gate of horn,and fal se dream s
th rough the gate of ivory . Here Anch ises left them .
Then departing by the ivory gate from the kingdomof the dead , they returned to the Cumaean cave , and
[ Eneas forthwi th proceeded to his sh ips.
S leep gi ves h i s name t o portal s twain ;One all of horn
,they say ,
Through wh ich authent ic spectres gain
Q uick ex i t int o day ,A nd one wh ich br i gh t w i th ivory gleam s ,Whence P l uto send s del u s ive dreams .Convers ing st i l l , the s ire attend s
T he travel lers on their road ,A nd through the i vory portal send s
From forth the unseen abode.
T he ch ief betakes him t o the fleet ,Wel l p leased again h i s crew to meet .
CON INGTON, E nez
'
a’
, BOOK V I .
IO4
roaring of l i ons and the howl i ng of wolves , oncehuman beings , but transformed by the cruel goddessinto the shape of those savage animal s . Aided
,how
ever, by favorab l e winds sent by the fri endly N ep
t une , they sped away from th is dangerous spot,and soon they were near the end of thei r wan
derings. At the dawn of next morning they beheld a spac ious grove , th rough which a pl easant
river, t in ted wi th the hue of the yel low sand ,burst forth into the sea. This was the Tiber
on whose banks i n the d i stant future was to be
founded the c i ty i n which the descendants of theTrojan pri nce should hold imperial sway . fE neas,
though not aware that he was so close to the destined spot
,commanded h is pi lots to turn the ships
towards the land ,and j oyful ly they entered the river.
A l l around ,the Trojan ch i ef, as he gazed upon
the scene,could hear the swee t music of the groves .
E mbowered amid the s i l van sceneO ld Tiber wind s his bank s between,
Around, gay b i rd s o f d i ver se wing,
Accu stomed there t o fly or s ing,
Were flu tter ing on from spray t o sprayA nd sooth ing ether wi th thei r lay .
CON INGTON , E ner’
d,
’
BOOK VII.
The country i n wh ich the T rojans had now landed
was cal l ed Lati um ,andLa-ti ’nus was i ts k i ng. Like
most great k ings of anc ient times , he was descended
105
from a god . His father, Faunus , was the grandson
of S aturn , the predecessor and father .of J upi ter.Lati nus was advanced in years , and he had no
mal e hei r, but he had an only daughter, young and
beautiful , whose name was La-vin’ i -a. Many of the
princes of the neighboring states eagerly sought Lavin ia’s hand i n marriage . Ch ief amongst them was
Turnus , king of the Ru'tu- l i
,a brave and handsome
youth . Lavin ia’s mother, Queen A -ma’ta
,favored
the su i t of Turnus , and desi red to have him as herson -in-law .
But the gods had not wil led i t so , and they sent
signs from heaven— signs of thei r d i sapproval of theproposed un ion . In the inner court of the palace
Of Latinus stood a laurel tree which had been pre
served for many years wi th great reverence. Fromth is tree , i twas said , Latinus hadgiven the name Lauren
’
tines to the inhabi tants of the country . J ustabout the time the Trojan fleet was enteri ng the
Tiber an immense number of bees were seen tocluster on the top of the laurel tree , and soon l i nking together, feet to feet, they swung in a strange
manner from one of the boughs . The king’s sooth
sayer explai ned th is to m ean that a fore ign hero wasthen com ing into the country
,and that he would one
day be i ts ruler .About the same time , whi l e the princess Lavin ia
106
was bringing fire to an al tar where her father stoodpreparing to Offer sacrifice , the flame seemed to
catch her flowing hai r, and to envelop her whole
body i n i ts glowing l igh t , wi thout , however, i nfl ic tingthe sl ightes t i nj ury . The soothsayer declared that
th i s was a S ign that Lavinia would be great and fa
mous, but that through her war should come on the
peopl e .
T he nymph who scatter s flaming fires aroundShal l sh ine wi th h onor, shal l her sel f be crowned ;But
,caused by her irrevocab le fate
,
W ar shall the country was te,and change the s tate .
D RYD EN , E nez‘
a’
,BOOK V II.
The ki ng was much troubled bv these events andso he went into the wood , to the tomb of h is father,Faunus , by whom answers were given i n dreams tothose who ,
having Offered sacrifices , lay down and
S l ept under the trees . Lat inus, after perform ing the
necessary ceremon ies , soon heard the voice of h isfather warn ing him not to give h i s daughter i n mar
riage to any prince of h i s own country.
! A for
e igner,
” said he,
! i s com i ng who shal l be your son
in-law ,and his descendants shal l exal t our name to
the stars. From his race , un i ted with ours, shal l
spring m ighty men ,who shal l conquer and rul e the
world to i ts farthest l im i ts .K i ng Latinus d id not conceal h is dream . On the
IO8
fai l ed , then you may hope for a settl ement after your
toi ls and i n that place you may found your first
c i ty. Here was that fam i ne of which he spoke .O ur calam i t i es are now at an end . Let us
,then
,
with the first l ight of to-morrow’s sun,explore th i s
country , ascertai n who are i ts i nhab i tants , andwhere
thei r c i ties are.
”
N ext day,when [ Eneas l earned what country he
was i n , and the name of i ts king, he sen t ambassa
dors a hundred of h i s ch iefs— to wai t on Lat i nusand beg h is fri endsh ip and assi stance
,fu rn ish ing
them wi th costly gifts for the king . The chiefshastened on the i r m i ssi on to Lati nus, and fE neasm eanwhi le began to mark out the boundari es of a
new ci ty .
When the Trojan ambassadors reached Laur en’
tum , the capi tal of Lati um , they were adm i tted tothe royal palace and brought i nto the presence of
the king,who was seated on h i s th rone— a magnifi
cent structure rai sed al oft on a hundred columns ,around which were numerous s tatues of the king’sancestors , carved in cedar wood . Lat i nus , afterc ivi l ly greeting the strangers , bade them say forwhat purpose they hadcome to I taly ; whether theyhad landed i n h is country because of having m i ssedthe i r course at sea, or through stress o f weather.He added that whatever was the obj ect of thei r
109
com i ng , they should rece ive k i nd treatment fromhim and his people .
To these fri endly words I l i oneus , speaking fo r
the Trojans,repl i ed that i t was no storm that sent
them to I tal y.
! Will ingly and with design , said
he , ! have we come to your shores, O king, afterhaving been expel led from a kingdom once themost powerful under the sun . O ur race i s derivedfrom J upi ter h imself, and our ch ie f, fE neas, descended from the gods , has sent us to your court.All the world has heard of the destruction of ourci ty , Troy . D riven by m i sfortunes over many
seas , we beg for a settl ement i n your country. Dar
danus , our ancestor, was born i n thi s land , and now
his descendants , di rected by the gods, come to thehome of the i r father.” They then presented to thek ing the costly gifts wh ich fE neas had sent.
Our pr ince present s w i th h i s request ,S ome smal l remains of what h i s s ire possessedTh i s go lden charger
,snatched from burning Troy
,
Anch i ses d id in sacr ifice empl oyThi s royal robe and th i s t iara woreO ld P r iam
,and th i s go lden sceptre bore
In fu l l assemb l ies,and in so lemn games
These pu rple ves t s were weaved by Dardan dames .
D RYD EN , E gzeza’
,BOO K VII.
After I l i oneus had ceased speaking , the king wass i lent for some time , pondering on the words of his
IIO
father wh i ch he had heard in the d ream . fE neas,
he thought, must be the fore igner, destined to be h isson-in-law , whose descendants shou ld rule the world .
Then he addressed the Trojans , sayi ng that what theyasked should glad ly be given , and requesti ng themto tel l the i r ch ief, fE neas, to visi t him .
! Bear th is
message too ,” said he , ! from me to your king. I
have a daughter whom the gods do not perm i t me
to give i n marriage to any of our own nat ion .
There is a pred i c tion that my son-in-law shal l be a
stranger, and that h is race shal l exal t our name tothe stars. I j udge that your ch ief i s the man thusdesti ned by the fates , and th is too is my own
wish .
”
Then Lati nus gave valuab l e presents to theTrojans— to each a steed from the royal stables ,wi th rich purple trappings. To fE neas him
self he sent a chariot and a pai r of horses of the
breed which the sorceress, C i rce , had Obtai ned fromthe sun-god
,her father. With these presents , the
Trojan ambassadors, mounted on thei r splend idsteeds
,returned to thei r ch ief, and j oyful ly informed
him Of the king’s message and i nvi tation .
But th i s fri endsh ip shown to the Trojans by K ingLati nus was not at all agreeab le to J uno . On thecontrary that unforgiving goddess was fi l l ed wi thgrief andanger when she saw fE neas and h i s people
1 13
ous beings i n appearance , for i nstead of hair they
had serpents coi led around the i r heads . A lectounseen by Amata, shook her terrible locks , upon
which one of the repti l es darted into the dress of
the queen ; and, gl id ing unfel t around her body
infused into her heart a viol en t hatred Of the T rojans .
Unseen,unfe l t
,the fiery serpent sk ims
H i s banefu l breath insp i r ing as he gl idesNow l i ke a chain around her neck he r idesNow l i ke a fi l let to her head repai r s
,
A nd with h i s Circl ing vo l umes fo ld s her ha ir s.At firs t the s i lent venom s l id wi th ease
,
A nd se i zed her cooler senses by degrees .
DRYDEN , E nez’
a’
,BOOK
Amata now endeavored to turn the m i nd of Latinus against the proposed marriage , but he was not tobe moved from h is purpose of form ing an al l iancewi th the Trojans . Then the queen fil l ed wi th anger
rushed out of the palace , as i f in a frenzy,and hast
ening through the c i ty cal l ed upon the wom en of
Latium to espouse her cause and the cause of the i rcountry. S he al so carri ed off her daughter, and
conceal ed her in the mountai ns,to prevent her mar
riage wi th the hated Trojan .
Having thus kindled d iscord in the fam i ly of
Lati nus , Alecto next proceeded to Ar’de-a theR utulian capi tal . Here she assum ed the form of
S T O . O F /ENEAS 8
I I4
Cal’
y-be, an aged priestess of J uno’s temple , and
appearing to K i ng Turnus i n a dream as he layasleep in h is palace , urged him to take up armsagainst Lat i nus and the strangers. Turnus was notyet d isposed to take th i s course , and so he repl ied
to the seem i ng priestess, that her duty was to guard
the statues and temples of the gods , and he advisedher to l eave to men the managem ent of affai rs ofpeace and war. Enraged by the words Of TurnusAlecto now resumed her Fury’s form .
H er eyes grow st i ffened,and with sulphu r bu rn
H er h ideou s l o oks,and hel l i sh form retu rn
H er cu r l ing snakes w i th h i s s ings fi l l the p lace,
A nd open all the fur ies Of her faceThen
,dart ing fire from her mal ignant eyes
,
She cas t him backward as he s trove t o r i se .
D RYD EN , z fi ‘
nez’
d,BOO K VII.
Then crying out that she came from the abode ofthe d i re s is ters, and that wars and death were in her
hands , she flung a fire-brand at the king , and dis
appeared . Turnus started from h is sl eep , i n terror,and now his breast was fi l l ed wi th eager des i re
for war. Immediately he sent orders amongst hisch iefs to prepare to defend I taly and expel the
fore igners , declaring that he and h is people were amatch for Trojans and Lati ns combined .
Meanwhi l e Alecto, her m i ssion of d i scord not
1 16
the field of battl e i nto the c i ty, carrying wi th themthe bod i es of thei r friends who had been slai n
,
and cryi ng to the gods and to K i ng Lat i nus for
vengeance upon the Trojans . J ust then K i ngTurnus appeared wi th a force of his R utulians,
and addressed the people i n words wh ich exc i ted
them to the h ighest pi tch of fury . H e told themthat fore igners had been invi ted to rul e i n thei rcountry
,and that the ch ief of the i n truders was to
have the pri ncess who had been promi sed to him
to be h i s wife .
Then a great mul ti tude of Latians andR utulianshastened to the palace of K i ng Lati nus , and de
manded that he should at once declare war agai nst
the Trojans . Lati nus refused to do what he knew
was agai nst the decrees of the gods , and he warnedthe people that evi l would come upon them i f they
persevered in the i r mad opposi t i on to the wi l l ofheaven . He al so warned Turnus that he would bepuni shed for i nc i ti ng such a war, and that he should
one day seek the aid of the gods , and seek i t in
vai n . As for h imself, he sai d , he was an Old man.
Thei r fol ly could deprive him only of a happy ending of a l ife which could not be much further pro
longed . He then reti red to hi s palace , and gave upthe re i ns of government, l eaving the people to pursue the i r Own course .
1 17
H e sa id no more,bu t
,in h i s wal l s confined
,
Shu t ou t the woes wh ich he too wel l d iv inedN or with the r i s ing storm wou l d vainly str i ve
,
Bu t left the helm,and let the vessel dr i ve.
D RYDEN , E nez’
d,BOOK V I I .
In spi te of the warning of the i r ki ng, the Latians
now resolved upon war agai ns t the Trojans and
they demanded that the gates of the temple of Janus
should be thrown open . Janus was the most anci ent
king who re igned in I tal y . When he died he wasworshipped as a god , and a magnificen t temp le was
erected in his honor. The gates of th is temple werealways open in t imes of war and shut i n times of
peace . They were opened by the king , and i n laterages , when Rom e was a republ ic , the president or
consul performed the ceremony dressed i n robes ofpurple and attended
'
by mul ti tudes of c i ti zens and
soldi ers,wi th the blaring of trumpets .
T wo gates of stee l ( the name of Mar s they bear,
A nd s t i l l are worsh i pped with rel igi ou s fear)Before h i s temple s tand the d ire abode
,
A nd the feared i s sues O f the fur i ou s god,
Then,when the sacred senate votes the war s
,
T he Roman consu l their decree dec lares,
A nd in h i s robes the sound ing gates unbar s .T he you th in m i l i tary shou ts ar i se
,
A nd the l oud trumpet s b reak the y ield ing sk ies .DRYD EN , E nez
'
d, BOOK V I I .
1 18
The Latians now requested the i r k i ng to un lockthe gates of the temp le of Janus i n accordance with
the ancient custom . Latinus refused sayi ng that
to do so would be a defiance of the gods . But the
goddess J uno , resolved that there should be no peace ,descended from the skies, and with her own handspushed back the bol ts of brass , and flung wide open
the gates . Then the cry of war went forth through
out the land and everywhere men began to prepare
for the confl ic t, giving up thei r work i n the fields to
get ready thei r spears and sh ields and battl e-axes .S oon a vast number of warriors was marshal l ed
under K ing Turnus to drive the Trojans out of
I taly. Vergi l gives a l ong l i s t of the famous ch iefs
who assembled on this ‘
occasion.
F i rst came Me-zen’ti -us, an E trurian king, fierce
i n war, but a despi ser of the gods . His own people
had expel led him from the i r country, for h i s c ruel ty,and he had taken refuge with K i ng Turnus . His
son Lausus al so came to the war with a thousand
men from the E trurian ci ty of A -
gyl’
la. N ext came
the brave A v-en- ti’nus , son of the renowned hero ,Her
’
cu- l es , who performed those marvel ous feats , of
which we read wi th wonder in the anc ient legends .A ventinus was a warrior Of terribl e appearance , h is
body covered wi th the shaggy h ide of an enormousl ion , the whi te tusks displayed above h is head .
Dr aw n by Va r z'
rm .
CAM ILLA .
12 1
scians . S he was the daughter of K i ng Met'a-bus ,who
,l ike Mezent i us , had been driven from his king
dom by his own people , because he was a crueltyrant. In h is fl igh t, for the enraged people pursued
him to take h is l i fe , he carri ed wi th him h is infant
daughter Cam i l la. Com ing to the bank of a river
and sti l l pursued by his enem ies , he bound the child
fas t to h is javel in ,and hold ing the weapon in h i s
hands,he prayed to D i -a’
na, goddess of hunters and
hun ting, and dedicated h is daughte r to her saying ,To thee
,goddess of the woods , I devote th is ch i ld
to be thy handmaid , andcomm i tting her to the wind ,I implore thee to rece ive her as th i ne own Thenhe hurled the spear across the river
,and plunging
into the wate r swam to the other side , where he
found the javel in fixed in the bank,and the i nfan t
un inj ured .
After th i s ach i evem en t Metabus reti red to themountai ns
,where he led the l i fe of a shepherd . As
soon as the ch i ld was abl e to hold a weapon i n herhand , he trained her to the use of javel ins and
arrows and she grew up to be a brave and ski l lful
warri or. In course of tim e she returned to the king
dom from which her father had been expel led, and
becam e cel ebrated as a runner of wondrous speed .
V I I . ALL IANCE W IT H EVANDE R— VULCANM AK E S ARM S F OR fE N E A S— T H E
F A M OUS SH IELD .
M EANW H ILE ZE neas was considering how to defend himself and h is people agai nst the enemy who
was thus marshal l ing such m igh ty forces agai nst him.
He thought of many plans wi thout being ab l e todec ide upon any.
Thi s way , and that, he t urns his anxiou s m ind ;Th ink s
,and rej ect s the counsel s he des igned ;
E xpl ores h im se l f in vain in every part,
A nd gi ves no rest t o h i s d i s tracted heartDRYD EN , E nez
‘
d, BOOK V I I I .
But fortune agai n favored the pious ch ief. In adream the river god , T ib-e-ri
’
nus, arrayed i n garb of
green , wi th a crown of reeds upon h is head (old
Father Tiber h imself, the guard ian gen ius of Rome
i n later ages) appeared to him ,and told him where
to seek help . He repeated the prophecy ofH el enus
, about the sow wi th her l i tter of th i rty
young , and he di rected fE neas to repai r to Pallan-te’um , a c i ty further up the river, whose k i ng,
[122]
124
When l o ! a sudden prod i gy ;A m i l k -wh i te sow is seen
S tretched with her young ones , wh i te as she,
A l ong the margent green.
[ E neas takes them,dam and brood
,
A nd o’
er the al tars pour s their b l ood,
T o thee,great J uno
,e’
en to thee,
High heaven ’s maj est ic queen .
CON I NGTON , E nez’
a’
,BOOK V I I I .
fE neas then started on h i s voyage,Father Tiber
making the passage easy by calm i ng h i s turb id river
so that i ts surface was as smooth as a peaceful lake.At noon next day the Trojans came i n sigh t of Pallanteum
,and soon afterwards they tu rned the i r sh ips
toward the land , andapproached the c i ty . J ust then
K i ng Evander, accompan ied by his son Pal las andmany of h is ch i efs , was offering a sacrifice to Her
cul es in a grove outside the c i ty wal l s . Alarmed at
the sudden appearance of the vessels,they made a
movement as if to depart i n haste from thei r al tars.But Pal las forbade them to i nterrup t the sacred ri tes
,
and advancing to meet the strangers , he addressedthem from a ris ing ground , asking who they w ere ,andfor what purpose they hadcome . E neas
, spea'
ki
i ng from the deck Of one of h is sh ips , and hol‘ding
in h is hand an ol ive branch , the emblem of peace,repl ied , saying , ! You see before you sons of Troy
,
and enem i es of the Latians , who have declared war
12 5
agai nst. us . We seek K i ng Evander. Bear him
these tid i ngs, and say to him that we have come
ask i ng for hi s al l iance i n arm s.
Aston ished at hearing that the vis i tors were the
i l l ustrious Trojans whose fame had al ready spread
throughout the world,Pal las invi ted them to land
and come as guests to h is father’s house . fE neas
gladly accepted the i nvi tati on , and the young prince
conducted them to the grove , and i ntroduced them
to K i ng Evander. This Evander was by bi rth a
Greek . He had com e from the Grec ian province OfAr-ca'di-a, and the c i ty he founded i n I taly he cal led
after the name of h i s native Arcadian c i ty of Pal lanteum . fE neas, however, had no fear that Evander,though a Greek
,would be an enemy of h is , for they
were both Of the same blood , being both descendedfrom Atlas , the m igh ty hero who of Old supported the
heavens on h is shoulders . Mercury , the father ofEvander, was the son of M a
'
i-a,a daugh ter of Atlas ;
and Dardanus , the founder of Troy, and ancestor ofi ts k ings , was son of E - l ec'tra,
another daughter ofAtlas . /Eneas rem inded Evander of th is relationsh ip and rem inded him also that the R utulians and
Latians were enem i es of Evander and his peopl e,
as wel l as of the Trojans .! They are the nation , said he , ! which pursue
you wi th cruel war, and they th ink that if they expel
126
us from the country, nothing can hinder them fromreducing all I taly under the i r yoke . Let us there
fore form an al l iance against th is common foe . We
T rojans have amongst us men stout of heart i nbattl e and experienced i n war.
Wh i le the hero was speaking, the k i ng kept
h i s eyes i nten tly fixed upon him , for in h i s face andfigure he saw the resemblance of the great Anch ises
,
whom he had known in past years . Then replying
to fE neas, he said , ! Great ch ief of the T rojan race,
I glad ly rece ive and recognize you . I wel l recol l ec t
the words , the vo i ce , and the features Of your father,Anch ises. F or I remember that P riam on h i s wayto visi t h is s i ster H esione i n Greece
,al so vi si ted my
country, Arcadia. Many of the Trojan pri ncesaccompani ed him ; but the most maj estic of themall was Anch ises . Much d id I adm i re him , and I
took. him with me to our Arcad ian ci ty Phe’
neus.
At his departure he gave me costly presen ts,a quiver
fi l l ed with Lycian arrows, a mantl e interwoven with
gold and two golden brid l es .” Evander concludedby consenting to the proposal of fE neas for an
al l iance agai nst the Lat ians
T he league you ask,I O ffer as your righ t ;
A ndwhen t o -morrow ’s sun reveal s the l i ght,
With swi ft supp l ies you shal l be sent away .
”
D RYD EN , E nez'
d, BOOK VI II.
128
tai ls into h i s den , so that the i r footpri n ts seemed toShow that they had gone from the cave i nstead of
i nto i t. This tri ck had almost succeeded , for Hercules, after search ing i n vai n for the m i ssing ani
mals , was about to resume h is j ou rney,when a
lowing from wi th in the cave reached h is ears .
T he oxen at depart ing fi l lWi th no i sy u tterance grove and h i l l
,
A nd breathe a farewel l low ;When hark ! a hei fer from
-
the den
Makes answer t o the s ound againA ndmock s her wi ly foe .
CON INGTON E nez’
d BOOK V I I I .
Hercul es now knowing what had become of h iscattl e rushed to the top of the mount where he hadseen the giant, but Cacus fled i nto h is cave , and
i nstantly let drop the huge stone which he kept suspended by i ron chains over the entrance . Thisstone even the m ighty Hercules could not move fromi ts place
,for i t was held‘
fast by great bol ts on the
i nside . But search i ng around the mount for an
other entrance , he saw a rock overhanging theriver
,which formed a back for the cavern . Exerting
his ful l s trength,the hero wrenched this rock from
i ts fastenings , and hurled i t into the water. In theinterior of the den , thus laid open , Hercules sooncaugh t sight Of the robber, andcommenced to assai l
129
him wi th arrows and stones . Then the monsterbelched forth vol umes of smoke and flame , conceal
ing h imself i n a cloud of pi tchy vapor. But Her
cules now thoroughly enraged , rushed furiously i ntothe den
,and se iz ing Cacus by the throat, choked
!
him to death . Great was the j oy of the people
when they heard of the destruction of the monster,and ann iversary festival s had been held there ever
since i n honor of the del iverer.After K ing Evander had told th is story, choi rs Of
young and old men ,the pri ests cal led S a’l i -i, sang
songs about the great deeds of Hercules ; how when
a ch ild i n his c radle he had strangled the two ser
pents sent by J uno to destroy him , how he had slai nthe furious l ion of N emea,
dragged from Pluto ’s
realm s the three-headed dog Cerberus,and per
formed numerous other d ifficul t anddangerous feats .Evander and h is peopl e now returned to the ci ty
,
accompanied by thei r T rojan guests . The king
walked by the side of fE neas, and told him
many th ings about the trad i ti ons of the place,
and i ts early h istory. At one time,he said
,the
country had been ruled by S aturn,who
,driven from
the th rone of the heavens by h is son J upi ter, had
come to I tal y, and finding on the banks of the rivera race of uncivi l ized men, had formed them i n to asettled society . He taugh t them how to ti l l the
ST O . O F [ ENEAS — 9
130
ground , and i ntroduced laws amongst them, and
so peaceful and happy were they under hi s re ign,
that i t was cal led the Golden Age . One of thekings long after S aturn ’s re ign was Tiberinus
,
whose nam e was given to the river, andwho becamei ts guardian god .
The king then escorted zZE neas through the town
,
pointing out to him many places, destined to befamous in later h istory, for on that very groundRomulus bui l t h is c i ty
,and Pallanteum became the
celebrated Palatine Mount, one of the seven hi l l s ofRome . When they reached the royal palace , which
was not as large or magn ificent as palaces Often are,the king took pride i n mentioning that the great
H ercules , honored i n l ife , and after death wor
sh ipped as a god , had not d i sdai ned to accept hos
pitality under i ts roof.
H e spoke,and thfough the narrow door
T he great fE neas led,
A nd heaped a couch upon the fl oorWith leaves and bear - sk in spread .
CON INGTON E nez’
d, BOOK V I I I .
Wh i l e the Trojan chief was being entertai ned
by K i ng Evander, his mother Venus was much
troubled in m i nd th ink i ng of the danger which
threatened her son in his new settl em ent . S he
resolved that he should have all the aid i n her
133
A re heard around the bo i l ing waters roarA nd smoky flames through fum ing tunnel s soar .
D RYDEN , E nez’
d, BOOK VI I I .
T O these workshops Vulcan forthwi th repai redto give orders for the arms which Venus requestedfor her son . He found his men i ndustriously at
work making wonderful th ings for the gods . S ome
were forging a thunderbol t for J upi ter, the rays or
shafts of wh ich were of hai l andwatery cloud , andglaring fire and the winged wind . O thers weremaking a war chariot for Mars , and others a sh ieldfor Minerva,
ornamented with serpent’s scal es Of
gold . When Vulcan entered , he bade them lay
as ide all those tasks.
My s ons ! ( said Vu lcan) , set your task s as ide ;Your strength andmaster sk i l l must now b e tr ied .
Arm s for a hero forge— arms that requ ireYour force
,your speed
,and all you r form ing fire .
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
,BO'OK V I I I .
Instantly the Cyclops se t to work on the i r newtask , and very soon rivulets of mol ten gold andcop
per and i ron were flowing in flam ing furnaces . A
splendid sh i eld was made , which was a suffic i en t
defense in i tself against all the weapons of K ing
Turnus . O ther th ings necessary for war were al soput i n shape , and so the work of forging arm s forthe Trojan hero was vigorously prosecuted .
134
Mean time zZE neas h imself, after h i s n igh t
’s repose
i n the palace of Evander, was talking with the king
andhis son on the business which had bro ught him
to Pallanteum . The good wil l of Evander wasgreater than his means , for h is coun try was smal l
,
andon one side of i t was the terri tory of his enem ies ,the R utulians. He was not
’
able , therefore , to domuch for fE neas, but he knew where ample aid
could be obtai ned .
! In the neighboring state of
E truria, andnot far from th is spot,said he , ! stands
the ancient c i ty of A gylla,founded by a nati on
i l lustri ous i n war Mezenti us was recently i ts king,a cruel andwicked man. The people
,indignant at
his crim es , took up arms agai nst him and set fire toh is palace . He himself fled for protection to K i ngTurnus , with whom he now Is . The E trurians
therefore have resolved to make war upon Turnus ,and thei r sh ips and men are al ready assembled .
You,AZneas, must be the l eader of these peopl e , for
a soothsayer has told them that no native of I taly isdestined to subdue the R utulians, and that they must
choose a fore igner to be the i r commander i n the
war. They have i nvi ted me to lead them , but I am
too old to undertake such a task . I would have
sent them my son , but being born Of an I tal ian
mother,he i s of the people of th is land . You , how
ever,gal lant leader of the T rojans , be ing in the
136
Pallanteum. Preparations for departure were now
made . Evander gave fE neas horses for h imsel f andh i s companions , andwhen all was ready
,the king
affectionately embraced his son, and bade him a
tender farewel l , praying to the gods that he m igh tl ive to see him come back i n safe ty.
The Trojan chief and h is warriors, among whom
were the fai thful. Achates and Pal las at the head
of h is four hundred horsemen , then set forth fromthe c i ty, am id the acclamat ions of the people . They
soon came with i n sight of the camp of the E trurians,
who,under the command of one of thei r ch ie fs
named Tarchon , had pi tched the i r tents on a wideplai n not many m i l es from Pallanteum .
But before j oi n ing his new al l i es , fE neas had a
meeti ng wi th h is goddess mother. Down from the
cl ouds she came , beautiful as the sun , beari ng wi thher the arms that Vulcan hadmade , and see ing her
son al one on the bank of a smal l stream ,in a
secluded val e , to which he had reti red for a brief
rest,she presen ted herself before him . At his feet she
placed the gifts she had prom i sed , tel l i ng him that
now he m igh t not fear to meet his foes in battle.! Behold ! ( she said) performed in every part
,
My prom i se made,andVu lcan’s labored art .
N ow seek,secure, the Lat ian enemy .
A nd haughty Tu rnus to the field defy .
D RYDEN , E nez'
d, BOOK V I I I .
I37
Beautiful arms and armor they were , such as could
be designed and fash ioned only by a god — a sword
and a spear , and a helmet wi th a blaz ing crest, and
a breastplate of flam i ng bronze , and greaves of gold
and electrum . But most wonderful Of all was the
shield,upon which were dep icted the glori es and
tri umphs i n late r ages Of the m igh ty men of Rome,
the descendants of I ulus , for Vulcan , be ing a god,
had the gift of see ing into futuri ty .
There,embossed
,the heaven ly sm i t h had wrought
( Not in the rol l s O f fu tu re fate untaught)T he war s in order ; and the race d i v ineO f warr i or s i s su ing from the J u l ian l ine.
DRYDEN , E m a,BOOK VI I I .
Vergi l ’s descripti on of th is propheti c sh ield occu
pies the concl uding portion of the e ighth book of
the /Eneid . I t i s a summary of notable events i nthe h i story of Rom e from the tim e of Rom ulus
,
who founded the c i ty, to the time of the EmperorAugustus . The ach ievements of Augustus are particularly dwel t on , for he was the friend and patron
of the poe t, and Vergi l , therefore , gave spec ial
prom inence to the part taken by him i n the extension of the great empi re . At the famous sea-battl eof Ac’t i -um (B. c . 31) near the promontory of Leu-ca
’te
i n Greece , Augustus , aided by A -grip’pa,defeated
the forces of Antony and th e ce lebrated Egyptian
Dr aw n by Va r z’
a n .
[ENEAS W IT H HIS W ON DERFUL ARMOR .
140
Three hundred temp les in the town he p lacedWith sp o i l s and al tar s every temp le graced .
Three sh ining n i ght s and three succeedings day s,T he field s res ound wi th shou t s
,the street s w i th prai se
Great Caesar s i t s sub l ime upon his throne,Before A pol l o ’s p orch of Par ian st oneA ccepts the present s v owed for v ictoryA nd hangs the monumental crowns on h igh .
Vas t crowd s O f vanqu i shed nat i ons march al ong,
Var i ou s in arms,in hab i t
,and in tongue.
DRYD EN , E fzez'
d, BOOK V I I I .
fE neas vi ewed these scenes wi th wonder and
del igh t,though ignorant of what they m eant
,arid
putting on the beauti ful armor, he bore upon hisshoulder the fortunes of h is descendants .
These figu res,on the sh ield d i vinely wrought
,
By Vu lcan lab ored,and by Venu s brought
,
With j oy and wonder fi l l the hero ’s th ought .Unknown the names
,he yet adm i res the grace
A nd bear s al o ft the fame and fortune O f h i s race .
DRYD EN , E nez’
a’
, BOOK V I I I .
Vergi l ’s description of the Sh ield -of /Eneas i s inim i tation of Homer’s beautiful descripti on in theI l iad Of the sh ield Of Achi l l es, al so made by Vulcan .
V I I I . TUR N US ATTACK S T H E TROJAN CA M P
N ISUS A N D E U R Y A LU S .
A RRAY ED i n h is new and splendid armor, the
Trojan ch ief rej oi ned hi s compan i ons , and then
proceeded to the E trurian camp , where he formed
a l eague wi th Tarchon . Meanwhi le hi s enem i es
were not inactive,for J uno sent I ri s down from
heaven to the R utulian king to urge him tobesti r h im self against the Trojans . ! Time hasbrough t about in your favor, O Turnus , said them essenger Of J uno , ! what even the gods did not
dare to prom i se . zE neas, having left h i s friends
and hi s fleet has gone to gather forces agai nst
you in the c i ty of Evander and i n E truria. N ow
i s your opportuni ty . Why do you hesi tate to takeadvantage of
’
it ? Delay no longer,but sei ze
the camp of the Trojans , whi l e the i r l eader i sabsent.” Turnus recogn i zed I ri s , yet he knew notby whom she had been sent . But he repl ied that
he would qui ckly obey , whoever i t was that thus
cal l ed him to arms , and as he spoke,the goddess
vanished i n to the heavens , form ing in her ascent[ 141]
142
the beautifu l rai nbow, which was the sign of J uno’smessenger.
On equal w ings she po i sed her wei gh t,
A nd formed a rad iant rainbow in her fl i gh t .D RYD EN , E nez
’
a’
,BOOK IX .
Then the warriors were cal l ed to action, and
soon the whole army marched out into the openplai n , M essapus, the E trurian
,commanding the
front l ines , the sons of Tyrrhus i n the rear , and i nthe center Turnus himself. The Trojans wi th in
thei r camp , see ing the great c loud of dust which the
tread of the hosts Of the Latians rai sed on theplai n , knew what i t meant. S peedi ly they shut upthe i r gates and set guards upon the wal l s
,for Z-Eneas
at his departure had ordered them that i n case of
attack In h is absence , they should not attempta fight in the open field , but defend themselveswith in the i r ramparts . Turnus now tried to set
fire to the Trojan flee t,which lay i n the river
close at hand , but the sh ips of [Eneas could not
be destroyed for they were made of wood cut
from the forest of Cyb'
e-le, the mother of thegods . When the hero was build ing them at the
foot of Mount Ida,Cybele begged her son J upi ter,
to grant that the vessel s,bei ng constructed of pine
trees sacred to her, m ight be forever safe ~ from
destruction .
I44
S ooner shal l Turnus burn up the seas than those
sacred pines . Gl ide on at your l iberty, you nymphs
of the mai n . I t i s the parent of the gods who
commands you . NO sooner were the words spoken
than the Sh ips all broke away from the i r fasten
ings,plunged out of sigh t into the depths of the
river,and reappeared in a moment as beauti ful
maidens , moving graceful ly al ong on the surface
Of the water.
NO soone r had the goddess ceased to speak ,When
,10! the obed ient sh i p s the i r hal ser s b reak ;
A nd strange to tel l,l i ke dol ph ins in the main
They pl unge thei r prows,and d i ve and sp r ing again ;
A s many beau teou s maid s the b i l l ows sweep,
A s rode before tal l vessel s on the deep .
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
, BOOK IX .
The R utulians were astoni shed at th i s spectacle ,but Turnus was sti l l undi smayed , and speaki ng tohis people he declared that what they had j ust seen
was bad for the Trojans them selves , for that now
they had no l onger m eans of escape , thei r shipshaving disappeared . As for thei r much talked ofdestiny
,said he
,
! i t has been fulfil l ed,s i nce they
have reached the land of I tal y. But I also have
my desti ny , and i t i s to destroy the accursed race .They depend a great deal on the i r wal l s , yet they
have seen the wal l s of Troy go down in flames ,though they were bui l t by the hands Of N eptune .
14 5
I do no t need arms made by Vulcan , nor shal l weh ide ourselves i n a wooden horse . We shal l figh tthe Trojans openly ,
and we shal l teach them that
they have no t now to do with men l ike the Greeks,whom Hector baffled for ten years .Turnus then laid s iege to the T rojan camp . He
placed sentinel s outside the gates , and had watch
fires kindled at different po in ts around the wal ls,
after which h is men lay down on the field to rest.But during the night the guards fel l asleep
,for they
were fatigued after the labors of the day, and so the
whole besi eging army was now sunk i n deep repose .The Trojans on the other hand kept stric t watchwithi n thei r camp , and adopted all necessary meas
ures of defense .
A l l th ings need fu l for defence abound ;M nestheus and brave Serestus wal k the round
,
Comm i s s i oned by the ir ab sent pr ince t o shareT he common danger
,and dividex the care .
DRYD EN,E nez
’
d,BOOK IX .
The Trojan sentinels at one of the gates wereN i sus and Euryal us— al ready m en tioned as havi ngtaken part i n the foot race at the funeral games .
Love made them one in every thought ;In batt le s ide by s ide they fought ;A nd now in duty at the gateT he twain in common s tat i on wai t .
CON INGTON E ner’
a’
,BOOK IX .
ST O . OF E NEAS IO
146
Now N i sus had conce ived the idea of mak i ng h i s
way through the R utulian l i nes and conveying to
fE neas at Pallanteum news of the dangerous si tuation of h is people i n the besi eged camp
,and he
thought he would carry out his proj ect whi le the
enem y were all asleep outside the wal l s . Euryal usapproved of the enterpri se , and he begged that he
h imself m ight be perm i tted to take part i n i t. To
th i s N i sus obj ected,for he did not W i sh that h is dear
young fri end should be exposed to the danger of the
undertaking. The mother of E uryal us had accom
panied him all the way from Troy, and so great washer love for him that she refused to part from him
even to share the good fortune of the other Trojan
women who had settl ed in S i c i ly . N i sus was very
unwil l ing to be the cause Of gri ef to so devoted a
mother, by perm i tti ng her son to j oi n i n an exped i
t ion i n which he m ight l ose h i s l i fe .
N or let me cau se so d ire a smartTO that devoted mother ’s heart
,
Who,sole of all the matron train
,
Attend s her dar l ing o’
er the main,
N or cares l i ke others to sit d ownA n inmate of Acestes ’ t own .
CON INGTON , E ner‘
d,BOOK IX .
But Euryal us i nsi sted on accompanying h is friend,
and so after obtain ing the consen t of the ch i efs i n
148
of the wood , but find ing that hi s friend had disap~
peared, he returned to search for him , Presently heheard the tramp of the horses , and looking forth froma thi cket i n which he had concealed h imself
,
he sawEuryal us i n the m idst Of the Latians
,who were drag
ging him violently along. Deeply grieved at the
sight, and resolvi ng to rescue his com rade , or d ie inthe attempt , N i sus , after praying to D iana,
the goddess of the woods, to guide h i s weapon in i ts course ,hurled a javel i n at the enemy . I t pierced the body
of one of the Latians named S ulmo , who fel l dead .
H is compan ions gazed around in amazement,not
knowing whence the attack had com e . N i sus then
cast another javel i n , and again one Of the Lat iansfel l to the ground . Enraged at see ing his men thus
slai n before h is eyes by an unseen assai lan t, Volcens
,with sword in hand , rushed upon Euryal us,
crying out that h i s l ife should pay the penal ty for
both . Great was the agony of N i sus at see ing his
fri end about to be put to death , and starting from
his concealment , he exclaimed aloud ,
! I am he whodid the deed . Turn your arms therefore On me.
”
M e me ( he cr ied ) turn all you r Sword s aloneOn me— the fact confessed , the fau l t my own.
H i s only cr ime ( i f fr iend sh i p can o ffend)Is too much l ove to his unhappy fr iend .
DRYDEN , E nez‘
d, BOOK IX .
149
But vai n was the effort of Nisus to save h i s friend,
for scarce had his last word been spoken whenEuryal us fel l l i fel ess to the earth , pi erced by the
weapon of Volcens. F i l l ed wi th grief and rage,
and eager to avenge the death of h is compan ion,
N i sus rushed i nto the m idst of the foe, seekingonly Volcens, andthough blows showered upon him
from all s ides,he pressed on unti l com ing up to the
Latian chi ef,he slew him with a s ingle thrust of h is
sword . Then covered wi th wounds , the brave T ro
jan dropped dead , fal l ing upon the body of the
fri end he had so loved . Thus these two sons of
Troy,companions in l i fe , were compani ons al so
in death . Thei r fri endsh ip,immortal i zed by the
Roman poet, became proverb ial .
O happy fr iend s for,i f my ver se can give
Immortal l i fe,you r fame shal l ever l i ve
,
F ixed as the Cap i to l ’s foundat i on l ies,
A nd spread,where’
er the Roman eagle fl ies I
DRYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK IX .
Early in the morn ing Turnus cal l ed h i s men toarms , and with loud shouts all rushed forward to
the Trojan ramparts . Then a fierce confl ic t tookplace during which many heroes fel l on both sides .
after perform i ng wonderful feats Of valor. Therewas a wooden tower of great he igh t and strength
which stood outside the wal l,and was connected
148
of the wood , but find ing that h is fri end had disappeared, he returned to search for him ,
Presen tly heheard the tramp of the horses , and look i ng forth froma th icket in which he had concealed h imself
,
he sawEuryal us in the m idst of the Latians
,who were drag
ging him violently along. Deeply grieved at the
sight, and resolving to rescue his comrade , or d ie inthe attempt , N i sus , after praying to D iana,
the goddess of the woods
,to guide h is weapon in i ts course
,
hurled a j avel i n at the enemy . I t pierced the bodyof one of the Latians named S ulmo , who fel l dead .
H is compan ions gazed around in amazement, not
knowing whence the at tack had come . N i sus then
cast another javel in,and again one of the Lat ians
fel l to the ground . Enraged at seei ng his men thus
slai n before h is eyes by an unseen assai lan t,Vol
cens , with sword in hand , rushed upon Euryal us,
crying out that h is l ife should pay the penal ty for
both . Great was the agony of N i sus at see ing his
fri end about to be put to death , and starting fromh is concealment , he exclaimed al oud , ! I am he whodid the deed . Turn your arm s therefore on me.
”
M e me ( he cr ied ) tu rn all you r sword s al oneOn me— the fact confessed
,the fau l t my own .
H i s only cr ime (if fr iend sh i p can o ffend )Is too much love to his unhappy fr iend .
”
DR VDE N,fE nez
‘
a’, BOOK IX .
150
wi th i t by bridges. The R utulians made great
efforts to break down th is tower, whi le the Trojansdefended i t by hurl i ng stones upon the enemy, andcasti ng darts at them through loopholes . S O thestruggl e cont inued unti l Turnus wi th a flam ingtorch set the bu ild ing on fire .
F ierce Tu rnu s fir s t a fi rebrand flingsI t str i kes the s ides
,takes ho ld
,and c l ings
T he freshen ing breezes spread the b laze,
A nd soon on p lank and beam i t prey s .T he inmates flu tter in d i smay
A nd vain ly wi sh to fly ;There as they hudd le and ret ireBack to the part wh ich ’scapes the fire
,
S udden the o’
erweigh ted mass gives way,A nd fal l ing
,Shakes the sky .
CON INGTON , E nez’
d, BOOK IX .
Only two Of the occupants of the tower H el’enor and Lycus— escaped destruction i n i ts fal l , but
on em erging from the ruins they found themselvesin the m idst of the R utulians. Hel enor see ing no
chance of saving his l ife , faced hi s foes l ike a l ionand died in the th ick of the fight. Lycus
,who was
a swift runner, fled towards the wal l s , dash ingthrough the l ines of the enemy . He had almost
grasped the summ i t of the rampart and reached theoutstretched hands of his fri ends when Turnus , who
had darted in pursui t, dragged him to the ground ,
15 1
and slew him , wh i l e he taunted him , saying, Fool ,didst thou hope to be able to escape our hands ?The battl e now became more furious. From
every quar ter were heard shouts of fighting men
and clash i ng of arms . Amongst the heroes of the
day was young Iulus,h i therto accustomed to use
h is weapons onl y i n the chase . His first arrow in
war was now aimed against the brother-in-law of
Turnus,a ch ief named N u-ma
’nus,who fought not
only wi th sword but wi th h is tongue,mocking at
the Trojans i n a l oud vo ice,i n front Of the Latian
l ines . ! Are you not asham ed , Trojans ,” cried he ,
! to be a second time shut up beh ind wal l s ? Whatmadness has brought you to I taly ? Know that i t
i s not Grecians , nor the crafty U lysses , you havenow to deal wi th . We are a hardy race . We dipour i nfan ts i n the rivers to inure them to cold . O urboys are trai ned to hunt i n the woods . Our wholel i fe is spent i n arms . Age does not impai r our
courage or vigor. As for you , your very dress i s em
broidered wi th yel low and purple ; indolence is your
del ight ; you l ove to indulge i n dancing and suchfrivolous pleasures . Wom en you are,
and not men.
Leave fighting to warri ors andhandle not the sword .
”
Leave men,l i ke u s
,in arms to deal
N or bru i se your l i ly hand s w i th steel .CON INGTON , E nez
‘
a’,BOOK IX .
5 2
The spi ri ted young Trojan pri nce could not patiently endure these insul ts , andso drawing h i s bowstring and praying to Father J upi ter, he sent forthh i s stee l-tipped arrow. Whizzi ng through the air
the weapon pierced the. head of N umanus , andat thesame moment I ulus exclaimed , Vai n boaster, th is i s
our answer to your i nsul ts . With shouts of j oy
the Trojans applauded the deed ,and loud were
thei r prai ses of the val or of the i r young ch ief.Even from on high cam e approving words , for j ust
then the fai r-hai red Apol lo , seated on a cloud , was
watching the confl ic t . And thus spoke the god i n
a l oud vo ice , GO on and i ncrease in val or, O youth .
S uch i s the path-way to immortal i ty, thou art thedescendant of gods , and from whom gods are to
descend .
”
U ttering these words Apollo cam e down from the
sky, and tak i ng the appearance of Bu’tes , formerly
the armor-bearer of Anch ises , but now the guardian
of Iulus , walked by the young prince’s s ide and ad
d ressed him ,saying, S on of fE neas, l e t i t be enough
for thee that by th ine arrow N umanus has fal l en .
Apoll o has granted to thee th i s glory ; but take no
further part in the confl ic t.” Then the god , throw
ing off his d isguise , ascended to the heavens . TheTrojan ch iefs recogni zed him as he departed , and
thus knowing that i t was the d ivi ne wi l l , they caused
154
Iulus to reti re , whi l e they themselves agai n rushedforward to the battl e
They bend the ir bows ; they wh ir l their s l ings around ;Heap s of spent arrows fal l
,and s trew the ground ;
A nd helms,and sh ield s
,and ratt l ing arm s
,resound .
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
,BOOK I X .
At th is poin t two brothers, Pan’da- rus andB i t’ i -as,
sons of the Trojan A l-ca’non,of Mount Ida, tal l and
powerful youths , th rew open the gate at which they
were posted as sentinel s , and standing withi n , oneon each side , they chal l enged the foe to enter. TheR utulians rushed forward as soon as they saw the
passage Open . S everal of them were slai n at thethreshold by the val iant brothers . Then some of
the Trojans sal l i ed out beyond the rampart , and a
fierce fight took place . K ing Turnus , hearing of
these events,hurried to the gate , and j o ini ng i n the
battl e , slew many of th e Trojan warriors . He
hurled a dart at Bitias, and so great was the force
of the blow that not even the huge senti nel ’s shi eld,
formed of two bul l ’s h ides , nor h is breastplates with
double scal es of gold , could resi st i t.
Not two bu l l -h ides the impetuous force wi thho ld,
N or coat of d oub le mai l,wi th scales of go ld .
Down sunk the monster -bul k,and pressed the ground
,
Hi s arm s and clat ter ing sh ield on the vast body sound .
DRYDEN E nez’
d, BOOK IX .
ISS
W hen Pandarus beheld h is brother stretched dead
on the ground ,and saw that the battle was going
against th e Trojans , he closed the gate , moving i tupon i ts h inges andfasten ing i t in i ts place wi th the
strength of his broad shoulders . S ome of h is ownpeople were thus shut out and left i n the m idst ofthe enemy , but in h is hurry Pandarus d id not noticethat amongst those who were shut i n was the fierce
K i ng Turnus.
Fond fo o l am id s t the no i se and din
H e saw not Tu rnu s ru sh ing in,
But c l o sed him in the embattl ed hold,
A t i ger in a hel p less fo ld .
CON INGTON , E nez’
d, BOOK IX .
As soon as Pandarus saw what had happened , hehurled a spear with m igh ty force at the R utulian king
,
eager to avenge h is brother’s death,
‘
but J uno turn
ing the weapon aside , i t struck into the gate, where
i t remained fixed . Then Turnus slew Pandarus wi tha swift stroke of his sword , exclaim ing , N ot so shal lyou escape .
”
T he Trojans who witnessed the deed ,fled terrified from the spot, and i f Turnus at th i smoment hadopened the gate andadm i tted h is Rutu
l ian warriors,that day would have been the last of
the war and of the Trojan race .
T he Trojans fly in wi ld d i smay ;O
,then had Turnus thought
156
To force the fasten ings of the gatesA nd cal l w i th in his val iant mates
,
T he nat i on and the war that dayA l i ke t o end had brought !
CON INGTON , E nez’
a’
, BOOK IX .
But Turnus thought only of slaying his foes who
were at hand and so he speedi ly put many of themto the sword . The Trojan ch i e fs M nestheus and
S ergestus , as soon as they heard that the i r people
were flee ing before the R utulian king , hastened up
and reproved them i n severe words. ! Whither do
you flee ? ” cri ed M nestheus.
! What other fortificat ions have you but th is ? S hal l one man be permitted to work such destruction in our camp ? Are
you not ashamed ? Have you no regard for yourunhappy country, your ancient gods , or your greatl eaders ?
Touched by these words , and inspired wi th freshcourage
,th e Trojans formed themselves i nto a sol id
body . Then turn ing round they made a firm s tand
against the R utulian chief, who now began toretreat towards that part of the camp which wasbounded by the river. The Trojans advanced
upon him with loud shouts , yet the brave king
would fai n have resi sted . As when a troop of
hunters press upon a fierce l ion,the savage an imal
,
too courageous to fly, yet dares not face the num
bers andweapons of his assai lants , so Turnus wi th
IX . T H E COUNC IL O F T H E GODS - RETURNO F fE N E A S — BATTLE ON T H E S HOR E
DE A T H O F PA LLA S .
M EANW H ILE the king of heaven who had beenwatch ing the confl i c t on the
'
banks of the T iber,cal l ed a counc i l of the gods to consider whether i twould not be wel l to put an end to the quarrel between J uno and Venus over the fortunes of theTrojans. The divin i t i es assembled i n the i r goldencounc i l Chamber on Mount O lympus and J upi te raddressed them .
! Ye gods , sai d he , ! why do youseek to al ter the decrees of heaven ? I t was my desi re that the I tal ians should not make war upon the
men of Troy . Why then have you inc i ted them to
arms ? The time for confl i c t between the two
races favored by J uno andVenus has not yet come .
That time wi l l be hereafter when the Carthaginiansshal l put forth the i r efforts to rui n Rome . Then
indeed you shal l be free to take e i ther side in the
contest . For the present cease your quarrels , and
l e t the l eague agreed upon be tween fE neas and
Lati nus be ratified.
”
IS9
Thus spoke the k ing of heaven . Then Venusaddressed the gods i n behalf of her son , whosesufferings , she said , were due to the hatred of
J uno . S he recounted the vari ous attempts of
the unforgivi ng queen to destroy the Trojans
how o l us at her b idding had sent h i s storm s toscatter the fleet of fE neas, how I ri s , her messenger,had i nduced the Trojan women to set fire to theships at Drepanum , andhow at her request the Fury
Alecto had inc i ted Queen Amata and K i ng Turnusto war agains t the men of Troy.
J uno next addressed the counc i l , and spoke manybi tte r words agai nst fE neas and the Trojans, who ,she declared
,were themselves to blam e for all the
evi l s that had come upon them . The Greek waragai nst Troy had not been caused by her, but bythe Trojan Pari s , and for h i s conduct i n carry ing off
Helen , Venus was respons ible . As to the troublesin I tal y
,i t was true that /Eneas had sai l ed to that
country by the wi l l Of the fates , but why, she asked ,
d id he st i r up war among I tal ian nat i ons that hadbefore been at peace .
J uno having fin ished her speech agai nst the Trojans , and none of the other d ivin i t i es desi ring totake part i n the controversy, J upi ter then del iveredj udgment
,declaring that as the quarrel between
the two goddesses could not be am i cably settled,nor
160
peace brought about between the Trojans and I talians , the fates should take thei r course .
S ince Troy wi th Lat i um must contend,
A nd these your wrangl ings find no end,
Let each man use h i s chance to dayA nd carve h i s fortune as he may
E ach warr i or from h i s own good lanceShal l reap the fru i t of to i l or chanceJove deal s to all an equal l o t
,
A nd Fate shal l l o o se or cut the knot .CON INGTON , E nez
‘
a’
,BOOK IX .
Thus ended the counci l of the gods , andso by thedecree of the king of heaven the quarre l betweenthe Trojans and- I tal ians was left to the fortune ofwar.
Meanwhile the Trojans in the camp on the. Tiber
were being hard pressed by the enemy. As soon asTurnus had rej oi ned his army, the attack on the
ramparts was renewed wi th increased vigor, and thebrave M nestheus and his compan i ons , thei r forces
now much reduced in number, were beginning to
lose hope .
Hopeless of fl i gh t,more hopeless of rel ief
,
Th in on the t owers they stand ; and e’
en tho se few,
A feeb le,faint ing
,and dejected crew .
D RYDEN , E nez’
d, BOOK X .
But [Eneas was hasten i ng to the rescue . Having
formed the league with Tarchon, he lost no time i n
162
i s besieged i n the camp , and pressed on all sidesby the Latian foe . Be ready then at the dawn of
morning wi th your troops,and bear with you to the
fight the arms and armor which Vulcan has made .To-morrow’s sun shal l see ‘
many of the R utulianenemy slain .
”
She ceased,and par t ing
,to the bark
A measu red impu l se gave ;L i ke wind - sw i ft arrow to i t s mark
I t dart s al ong the wave.
T he res t pur sue. In wonder ing awe
T he ch ief revo lves the th ings he saw.
CON INGTON ; fE nez’
a’
,BOOK X .
At dawn of morn ing the fleet came wi th i n vi ew
of the Trojan camp . Then fE neas standing on the
deck of his own vessel , held al oft hi s bright sh ieldmade by Vulcan . His people saw i t from the ramparts
,and shouted loud wi th j oy, and now,
the i r
hope be i ng revived , they assai l ed the enemy wi thfresh courage . The R utulians and Latians were
amazed at th is sudden change , not knowing the
cause , but looking back , they too beheld the fleet
approaching the shore .
The brave Turnus however was not d ismayed at
the sigh t . O n the contrary he resolved to give
battl e to the new foe wi thout delay, and so addressing h is men he bade them fight val iantly for the i r
163
homes andcountry,remembering the glorious deeds
of thei r ancestors .
! Y ou r s ires,your sons
,your hou ses
,and your land s
,
A nd deares t w ives,are all with in your hand s
Be m ind fu l of the race from whence you came,
A nd emu late in arms your fathers ’ fame .
D RYD EN , E nez‘
d, BOOK X .
Then he hurried to the shore with the mai n body
of his army, and fE neas having al ready landed hi s
companions and al l i es , a fierce battle began . TheTrojan hero performed wonderful feats of valor.F i rst he attacked the Latian troops, who were i nfront of the hosts of the enemy , and he slew thei rleader The ’ron
,a warri or of giant size . Through
his brazen shield and golden coat of mai l fE neassmote him with h is sword . N ext he sl ew Lycas,
and then Cis’seus andGyas , tal l men and powerful ,who
,with clubs
'
like the club of Hercules , had been
strik ing down the Trojans . Then a band of seven
warrior brothers,the sons of Phorcus, attacked the
Trojan ch ief,hurl ing seven darts upon him all
together, some of which rebounded from h is sh ield ,and som e , turned as ide by Venus , harml essly grazed
his skin . fE neas now cal l ed to the fai th ful Achatesto bring him darts— those with which on the plainsof Troy the bod i es of Grecian warriors had been
pierced
164
Those fatal weapons,wh ich
,inured t o b l o od
,
In Grec ian bod ies under I l i um st oodN ot one of those my hand shal l t o ss in vainAgains t our foes
,on th i s contended p lain .
D RYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK X .
Graspi ng a m ighty spear, as soon as these weaponswere brought to him , fE neas hurled i t at Macon ,one of the brothers . I t pi erced through h is sh ieldand breastplate , and he fel l mortal ly wounded . A t
h is brother A lcanor , who had run to h is rel ief, fE neascast another dart
,which penetrated h i s shoulder ,
l eaving the warrio rs arm hanging l ifeless by hisbody. And now Hal-ae
’
sus wi th hi s A uruncian
bands , andM essapus, the son of N eptune , conspicu
ouswith hi s steeds , hastened up to encounter fE neas.
The fight then became more furi ous andmany wereslai n on both sides.
Thus Trojan and I tal ian meet,
With face t o face,and feet t o feet
,
A nd hand c l o se pres sed to hand .
CON IN G‘
I‘
ON , E uez’
d BOOK X .
I n another quarter of the field young Pal las ,fighting at the head of his A rcadian horsemen , sl ewmany ch iefs of the Latians andR utulians. Opposedto him was Lausus, son of the tyrant Mezen ti us .Lausus being hard pressed by the A rcadians
,K i ng
Turnus was cal l ed to h i s assi s tance , and rush ing up
166
of the gods have fal len under the lofty wal l s of Troy .
Turnus too awai ts h is desti ny, and al ready he hasnearly arrived at the l im i t of existence l eft to him .
”
S o saying the king of heaven turned h is eyes fromthe scene of battl e .
Pal las now hurled his spear with great force .
The weapon struck the armor of Turnus near h i sshoulder
,andpierc ing through i t, grazed h i s body.
Then Turnus poising his sharp steel - tipped javel i n .
darted i t at Pal las . Through the cen tre of h is
many-plated sh ield and the folds Of h is corsel e t thefatal shaft passed into the breast of the brave youth
,
i nfl i c ting a mortal wound . Down on the earth he
fel l,and Turnus approach ing the dead body ex
claimed,
! Y ou Arcad ians carry these my words to
your king . In such pl ight as he deserved I send hisson back to him . His league of fri endsh ip wi th
fE neas shal l cost him dear.”
Then Turnus stripped from the body of Pal las
a beautiful bel t, embossed wi th figures carved ingold
,and putting i t on h is own armor, tri umphed
in the spo i l . I t proved to be a fatal possession for
Turnus .
O mortal s ! b l ind in fate who never knowTo bear h igh fortune
,or endu re the l ow !
T he t ime shall come when Turnus,bu t in vain
,
Shal l w i sh untouched the troph ies of the slain
168
Shal l w i sh the fatal bel t were far away,
A nd curse the d ire remembrance Of the day .
DRYDEN , E nez’
d, BOOK X .
The body of the brave young prince was laidupon his shield , and borne away from the field of
battl e , accompanied by a numerous retinue of h i ssorrowing fri ends .
O sad,proud though t
,that thu s a son
Shou ld reach a father ’s door !Thi s day beheld you r war s begun ;Th i s day behold s them o
’
er,
CON INGTON , E nez’
d,BOOK X .
The news of the fate of Pal las soon reached E neas,
who was deeply distressed at the thought of thesorrow the youth ’s death would bri ng upon h is agedfather Evander. Eager fo r vengeance , he hastened
through the battl e field i n search of Turnus , slaying
many ch iefs of the enemy whom he encountered onh is way. But he was not yet to mee t the R utulian
king face to face , for J uno , by J upi ter’s perm i ssion ,
l ed Turnus off the field,and saved him for a time
from the wrath of the Trojan hero . O ut of a hollowcloud she fash ioned a phantom with the shape , l ike
ness and voice Of fE neas, and caused i t to appearbefore Turnus, as if chal l enging him to combat.
A phantom in ZE neas’
mou ldShe fash i ons
,wondrous to beho ld ,
Of hol l ow shadowy cl oud ,
170
Meanwhi le , on the battl e field,the E trurian k i ng
,
Mezentius , who had taken the place of Turnus,
attacked the Trojans with great fury. He hadslai n many val iant warriors when fE neas espying
him from a d i s tance , hurri ed forward to encounter
him . Mezentius stood firm , and relying on hiss trong arm and h is weapons , rather than on d ivine
aid (be ing a despiser of the gods) he cast a spear atthe Trojan leader. The m issi l e struck the hero’ssh ield , but i t was the sh ield which Vulcan had
made , and could not be pierced by earthly weapon .
Then [E neas hurl ed his javel i n . Through thetriple plates of brass , and the triple bul l-h ide cover
i ng of the E trurian k i ng’s sh ield i t passed , and,
lodging in his groi n,i nfl i c ted a severe , though not
fatal , wound . I nstantly the Trojan ch ief rushed,
with sword i n hand , upon his foe , as, disabled , he
was about to wi thdraw from the confl ic t. But atth is moment young Lausus, the son of Mezen ti us ,sprang forward and rece ived on his sword the blow
that had been intended for his father.
T he p iou s youth , reso l ved on death,bel ow
T he l i fted sword , spr ings forth to face the foe ;
Protect s his parent , and prevent s the b l ow .
D RYD EN,E nez
’
d, BOOK X .
But Lausus was no match for the veteran Trojanwarrior. Yet fE neas, adm i ri ng h is courage andfil ial
17 1
devotion , would fai n have spared the brave youth .
Why do you attempt ,” sai d he , ! what you have not
strength to accompl i sh ? Y ou do but rush to your
own destructi on .
” Regardless , however, of danger,the gal lant Lausus fought ti l l he fe l l l ifeless on
the earth . fE neas was touched wi th pi ty at the
sigh t,for he thought of h is own son ,
and of how hehimself hadl oved h i s own. father. Then , he tenderly
l i fted the body from the ground,and consigned i t
to the care of h i s fri ends . They carri ed i t to Mezen
tius,who was resting on the river bank , after
having bathed h is wounds i n the wate r. When hebeheld the l i fel ess form
,the unhappy man burst
i nto tears , and bi tte rly lamented h is own m i sdeeds
which had brough t such calam i ti es upon him
ban i shment from h is th rone and country, and now,
worst of all, the loss of h i s son .
! Why do I l ivemy son , cri ed he , !
at the cost of thy l ife ? Mycrimes have been the cause of thy death .
Dear child ! I s tained you r gl or i ou s nameBy my own cr imes
,d r i ven ou t to shame
From my ancestral rei gn ;My country ’s vengeance c laimed my b l o od ;Ah ! had that tainted
,gu i l ty fl ood
Been shed from every ve inNow ’
midmy k ind I l inger s t i l lAnd l i ve ; bu t leave the l i gh t I wi l l .
CON INGTON E nez’
d, BOOK X .
172
Then though he was suffering much from the painof h is wound , he cal l ed for h is horse , the gal lant steedR hoebus, which had borne him victorious throughmany a fight. The animal seemed to feel th e griefof i ts master, and to understand the words he spokeLong, R -hoebus, said he , ! have we l ived
, compan
i ons in war, —if i ndeed . the l ife of mortal s can be
said to be long. But to-day we shal l e i ther d ie
together, or bear away the body of fE neas, and so
avenge the death of Lausus.
Mounting his horse,and fil l i ng both hands wi th
javel i ns Mezentius then rode rapidly to the scene
of confl i c t, cal l i ng loudly for XE neas. The Trojan
chief knew the voice , and eager for the encounter,
he quickly advanced . But the brave E trurian,fear
ing not to mee t his foe , cri ed out,! Cruel man , you
cannot terrify me, now that my son is snatched fromme. I am not afraid of death , for I have come tod i e . F i rst
,however
,take these gifts wh ich I bring
for you.
” Thus speaking he hurl ed a dart at the
Trojan l eader, and then another and another, andth ree times he rode i n a c i rcl e round the hero ,casting javel i ns at him . But the weapons of
Mezent i us could not pass through the celestial
sh ield of fE neas, though they fixed them selves in i t,
and there were so many that they resemb l ed a
grove of spears .
X . F UNERAL O F PA LLA S — ZE N E A S A N D
TURNUS F IGHT — TURNUS IS SLA IN .
W ITH the death of Mezenti us the battle of the
day came to an end . Early next morn ing {E neasOffered sacrifices to the gods in thanksgiving for
h is victory . O n a rising ground he caused to be
erected the trunk of a huge oak ,with i ts boughs
lopped off. U pon th is he hung as an Offering to thewar-god Mars , the arm s that had been borne by the
E trurian king— h is c res t, and his broken spears ,h is breastplate , showing the marks Of many blows
,
his sh ield of brass , andhi s ivory-h i l ted sword . Thenhe Spoke words of encouragement to h is ch i efs andcompanions .
! B ro ther warriors, our most important work i s
done . Henceforth we need have no fear. Havingvanquished the tyrant Mezenti us
,the way l i es open
for us to the Lat ian capi tal . Make ready your armsso that there may be no Obstacl e to detain us whenthe proper momen t arrives for l ead ing forth our val iant youth from the camp . Meanwh i l e l et us commit to the earth the bod i es of our dead friends . I t
[174]
I7S
is the sol e honor remaining for us to pay to theheroi c men who ,
wi th thei r l ives , have won for us a
country to dwel l i n . But first, to the mourn ing ci ty
of Evander let the body of the noble Pal las be
conveyed .
Brave Pal las,heir of h igh renown,
Whose h opefu l day has set too soonO
’
ercast by darknes s ere i t s noon .
CON INGTON , E nez’
d, BOOK X I .
The obsequi es of the young prince were Carri ed
out on a scal e of great magn ificence . A thousand
men formed the funeral process ion . The body was
dressed in ri ch robes , stiff wi th embroidery of gold
and purple , which Queen D ido with her own hands
had wrought for fE neas. Bes ide the bi er were
borne the dead youth ’s arms , and the Spoi ls he had
won i n battl e . His war-horse E thon , too ,was l ed
al ong , big tear d rops runn ing down the animal ’scheeks , as if i t shared in the general sorrow .
Then ZE thon comes,h i s trapp ings do ffed
,
T he warr i or ’s gal lant horseB i g drops of p i ty oft and oftAdown h i s v i sage cou rse.
CON INGTON , E nez'
d,BOOK X I .
Behind fol lowed the numerous escort of Trojan,
E trurian andArcadian warriors, and the long pro
cession passed on with a last sad adieu from the
176
T rojan ch ief. ! By the same fearfu l fate of war,said he , I am cal led to other scenes of woe . Farewel l , noble Pal las , farewel l , forever.
” When the sorrowing cortege reached Pallanteum
,the whole ci ty
was i n mourning . To the gates the people hastened in vast numbers bearing funeral torches inthei r hands , accord i ng to ancient custom
,and Tro
jans andArcad ians j o ined i n loud lamentations .
Both part ies meet they rai se a d o lefu l cryT he matrons from the wal l s w i th shr iek s rep lyA nd their m ixed mou rn ing rend s the vau l ted sky .
DRYD EN , E nez’
d, BOOK X I .
K i ng Evander d istracted wi th grief,prostrated
h imself upon the bier, and clasping in h is arm s the
body of his son , poured out a flood Of tears , bewai li ng the unhappy fate wh i ch left him ch i ld l ess in hi s
old age.
Meantime , zZE neas and the Lat ian chiefs agreed
upon a truce of twelve days for the burial of the
dead of both arm ies , which lay scatte red over thebattl e field . While this sad duty was being performed
,K i ng Lat i nus and h i s counsel lors consid
ered what was best to be done , after the trucewhether to continue the war
,or to propose terms of
peace . They had sent ambassadors to sol ic i t helpfrom D i -o-me’de
, one of the Grec ian heroes of theTrojan war, who , after the s iege , hadsettled i n Apul ia
178
H e al so advised that they should send these pro
posals to the Trojan camp.
To treat the peace,a h undred senators
Shal l be comm i s s i oned hence wi th ample powers,
With ol i ve crowned the present s they shal l bear,
A purple robe,a royal i v ory chair
,
A nd sum s of go ld . Am ong yourselves debateTh i s great affair
,and save the s ink ing state.
”
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
, BOOK X I .
K i ng Turnus was present at th is counc i l , andtherewas al so present a Lat ian named D ran ’ces , a veryeloquent man, but not a warrior.
Bo ld at the counc i l board,
B ut caut i o u s in the field,he sh unned the sword .
D RYD EN,E nez
‘
a’
,BOOK x1.
D ran ces spoke in support of the advice given byLat i nus . He al so said that one more gift should
be sent to fE neas, nam ely, the fai r Lavin ia, since byno other means could peace be more firm ly estab
lished than by a marriage between the Lat ian pri n
cess and the Trojan hero . Then addressing Turnus ,the bold Drances reproached him with having
brought upon h is country all the horrors of war togratify h is ambi ti on for the honor of a royal wife .Y ou Turnus
,said he
,
!are the cause of the evi l s
which affl i c t us . I t i s through you that so many ofour ch ie fs have perished on the battl e field , and that
our whole c i ty i s in mourn ing. Have you no pi ty
for your own people ? Lay as ide your fierceness,and give up th is hopeless contest . But if you are
sti l l eager for glory i n war, and must have a king
dom wi th your wife , then take all the ri sk yourself,
and do not ask others to expose them selves to dan
ger for you . fE neas has chal l enged you t o singlecombat . I f you have any valo r, go and fight wi th
him .
Enraged at th i s speech , Turnus angri ly repl i edD rances , you have always many words when deeds
are requi red . But th i s i s not the tim e to fil l the
chamber wi th word s , which com e i n torrents from
you so long as you are i n safety wi th strong wal l s
between you and the foe . You charge me with
coward ice , you, the val iant D rances, whose righ thand
,forsooth , has pi led up so many troph ies of
victory on the field ! There is an opportuni ty foryou now,
however, to put your val or to the proof,for we have not far to go in search of the enemy.
Why do you hesi tate to march against them ? ”
Then speak i ng to the king, Turnus earnestly
entreated him not to give ' up the fight because of
one defeat. ! We have sti l l , Said he , !ample re
sources and fresh troops , and many I tal ian cities e
and nations are i n al l iance wi th us . The Trojansas wel l as ourselves have suffe red heavy loss . W hy
180
then should we perm i t fear to overcom e us almost
at the beginning of the struggl e ? I f the T rojansdemand that I al one shal l fight thei r l eader, gladly
wil l I advance agai nst him , even though he proveh im self as great a warrio r as Achi l les , and sheath
h imself i n armor forged by the hands of Vulcan .
Turnus had scarcely fin i shed speaking, when a
messenger rushed into the palace wi th the alarm i ngintel l igence that the Trojan and E trurian arm ieshad qui tted the ir camp on the bank of the T iber,and were marchi ng toward the c i ty . Instantly all
was con fusion and dismay in the counc i l .
A tu rmo i l takes the pub l ic m ind ;The i r pass i ons flame
,by fu r i ou s w ind
To conflagration b l own ;A t once to arm s they fain wou ld fly ;T o arms ! ” the you th impat ient cry ;T he old men weep andmoan .
CON INGTON , A i’nez‘d BOOK X I.
Turnus was quick to take advantage o f th i sal tered state of affai rs . ! C i ti zens ,
” he exclaimed,
! wil l you sti l l persist i n talking about peace evennow that the enemy is '
almost at your doors ? ”
Then , wi thdrawing from the counci l chamber, he
hastened to give orders to h i s R utulian ch i e fs toget the troops ready for immed iate action — som eto l ead the armed horsemen out upon the plai n
,
182
a sec luded val ley with his foot sold i ers to take the
c i ty by surpri se . This we learn from our scouts .N ow I wil l beset him on the way wi th an armedband , and to you I assign the task of engaging theE trurian horsemen . The brave M essapus and the
Latian troops wil l be wi th you , and under yourcommand .
”
Cam i l la and her troop performed prodigies of
val or in the battl e wh ich now took place on the plai nbefore the c i ty. Many Trojan andE trurian warriors
fel l , s tri cken down by the darts or pi erced by thesword of the brave heroine . O n both sides the battl ewas mai ntai ned wi th the utmost bravery . Twice
the Trojans andthe i r Tuscan al l i es drove the Latiansflying to the wal ls
,and twi ce the Latians, fac ing
about, furious ly drove back the Trojans .
Twice were the Tuscans mas ters of the field,
Twice by the Lat ins,in their t urn
,repel led .
Ashamed at length,t o the th ird charge they ran
B oth h o sts resol ved,andm ingled man to man .
Now dy ing groans are heard ; the field s are strewed,
With fal l ing bod ies,and are drunk wi th b l o od .
Arm s,h orses
,men
,on heaps together lie ;
Confu sed the fight,andmore confu sed the cry .
D RYD EN , E nez'
d, BOOK XI .
The battl e"
conti nued to rage furiously, and i tseemed doubtful wh ich side would win , unti l Cam i l la
was slai n by the E truscan Aruns , who had been
183
watchi ng for an opportun i ty to cast a spear at the
queen .
Th i s way and that h i s w ind ing course he bend s,
A nd wheres oe’
er she turns, her s teps attend s .D RYD EN
,E m a
,BOOK x1.
There was i n the Trojan army awarri or, andpriest
of Cybele,nam ed Chlo’
reus, consp icuous on the field
by the rich trappings of h is horse and his own gl i t
tering arms and atti re . He wore a purpl e robe,h is
helmet andthe bow which hung from h is shoulders
were of gold ; his saffron colored scarf was fastenedwith a gold clasp ; and h is tun i c was embro idered
wi th needle-work . Cam i l la see ing these beauti fuland costly th i ngs , became eager to possess them ,
and so she pursued Chloreus over the field of battl e .
Himthe fierce maid beheld with ardent eyes,
Fond and amb i t i o u s of so r ich a pr i ze,
B l ind in her haste,she chases him al one
,
A nd seek s h i s l i fe,regard les s of her own .
D RYD EN , E m a, BOOK x1.
Thus she furni shed the opportun i ty desi red byAruns
,who , from a covert i n which he lay conceal ed ,
hurled a dart at the queen as, heedless of danger,she rode i n pursui t of Chloreus. The weapon pierced
her body and she sank down l ifel ess .The fortune of the day now turned to the side of
the Trojans . D i smayed by the loss of thei r brave
184
leader Cam i l la, the Volsc ian troops fled from thefield . The R utulian captains , al so losing courage
,
sought safety i n fl ight, and soon the whole I tal ianarmy was i n ful l retreat towards the c i ty
,hotly pur
sued by the Trojans . At the gates many were
trampl ed to death i n the wild rush to get wi th in,
whil e many more were slain by the swords of the
enemy pressi ng on behind .
Then,in a fr igh t
,the fo ld ing gates they c l o se
,
B ut leave the ir fr iend s exc l uded wi th thei r foes .
T he vanqu i shed cry ; the v ictors l o ud ly shout ;’Ti s terror all with in
,and s laughter all wi th out .
D RYD EN , E nez'
a’
,BOOK XI .
When Turnus heard that Cam i l la had fal l en,that
the Trojans had been vic tori ous i n the battl e, and
that all was confusion and terror wi th in the wal l s,
he immed iately qui tted the post where he had beenlyi ng in wai t for fE neas, and hurri ed towards the
c i ty . Almost at the same moment the Trojan ch iefi ssued forth from the val l ey. Both arm i es and bothleaders were now in sigh t of each oth er and both
were eager for battl e , but night com i ng on, theypitched thei r tents and encamped in front of the
town.
But the Latians were now di sheartened , and
Turnus saw they were no longer wi l l i ng to con
tinue a struggl e which seemed hopeless . He
186
my son-in-law. The fai r Lavinia was present
during her mother’s passionate appeal,but she ex
pressed her feel ing only by tears and modestbl ushes.
A flood o f tear s Lav inia shed ;A cr imson b l u sh her beauteous face o
’
erspread,
Vary ing her cheek s by turns w i th wh i te and red.
Del igh tfu l change ! Thus Ind ian i vory sh ows,
Which wi th the border ing paint of purple gl ows ;O r l i l ies damasked by the nei ghbor ing ro se.
D RYD EN , E nez'
d,BOOK X II.
But Turnus would not l isten to the advice ofK i ng Lat i nus or Queen Amata and so he sent h i sherald Idmon with a chal l enge to ZE neas. Tel l
him , sai d he , ! not to l ead h i s men agai nst theR utulians to-morrow. Let both our arm i es res t ,whi le by hi s sword and m ine the war shal l . bedec ided . fE neas, who had himself al ready pQposed this method of settl i ng the quarrel , rej o i ced
to hear that now at l ength the war was to be
brought to an end on such terms . He thereforegladly accepted the chal l enge , and early next morning preparations were made for the combat.A space of ground was measured Off on the open
plai n in front of the c i ty wal l s, and i n the center wereerected al tars of turf. The two arm i es were mar
shalled on opposi te sides of th i s space , the Trojans
187
and E trurians on one side , the R utulians and La
tians on the other, and at a given signal every man
fixed h i s spear i n the earth , and lai d down his sh ield .
O n the towers and house tops the women and oldmen crowded to witness the fight . K i ng Lati nus
rode out from the c i ty i n a chari ot d rawn by fourhorses , andwearing on h is head a crown with twelverays of gold . Turnus rode i n a chariot drawn bytwo white steeds , and he bore i n each hand a javel i ntipped wi th steel . O n the other side , fE neas, bri ll iant in the arms which Vulcan hadmade , advanced
from h is camp i nto the open space, accompan i ed by
the young I ulus . Then the customary sacrificesand offerings were made at the al tars
,after wh ich
the Trojan ch ief,unsheath ing his sword
,prayed
al oud to the gods,and pledged h is people to the
condi tions of the combatI f vi ctory i n th is fight shal l fal l to Turnus
,the
Trojans shal l re ti re to Evander’s c i ty, and no moremake war on the Latians or R utulians. But if vi ctory fal l to our side , even then I shal l not compel the
I tal ians to be subj ect to the Trojans,for I desi re not
empi re for myself. Both nati ons shal l enter i n toal l iance on equal te rms , and Lati nus shal l sti l l beking. The Trojans shal l bu i ld a c i ty for me, and to
i t Lavinia shal l give her name .”
Then Lat i nus cal l i ng on the gods to hear h i s
188
words,and laying his hand upon the al tar, swore for
h im self and his people that they would never violate
the treaty of peace , no matter how the combat ofthe day should resul t.
By the same heaven ( said he) , and earth,andmain
,
A nd all the power s that all the three conta in ;Whatever chance befal l on e i ther s ide
,
No term of t ime th i s un i on shal l d i v ide ;NO force
,no fortune
,shal l my vows unb ind ,
O r shake the steadfast tenor of my m ind .
”
D RYD EN,fe m
-
K
'
Boox x11.
But whi l e the solemn ceremon i es were being car
ri ed out at the al tars , the R utulians began to show
signs of dissati sfaction . I t seemed to them that theyouth ful Turnus was no equal match
’
i n arms for theveteran Trojan .
A l ready the R utulians deemed the i r man
O ermatched in arm s,before the fight began.
F i r s t r i s ing fear s are wh i spered through the crowd ;Then
,gather ing sound
,they murmur more al o ud .
N ow,s ide t o s ide
,they meas ure with the ir eyes
T he champ i ons ’ bu l k,their s inews
,and their s i ze ;
T he nearer they approach,the more i s known
T he apparent d i sadvantage of the ir own .
DRYDEN,E nez
’
a’
,BOOK X II.
Then Ju-tur’na, the sister of Turnus , knowing ofthe feel ing among the R utulians, re solved to bring
about a violation of the truce which had been made .
190
preparations for battle . One of the i r number, theaugur T O-lum
’
ni-us, cri ed out to them to take upthe i r swords and fal l upon the Trojan foreigner
,
after th e example of theb i rds who, by uni ted action,
had j ust vanquished the i r enemy. Then rush ing
forward , Tolumnius cast a spear in to the ranks of
the Trojans . Whizz ing through the air i t struckan Arcadian youth , one of nine brothers who were
standing together i n the E trurian l ines , and penefrating his s ide stretched him dead on the field
,
Thus the truce was broken , and immediate ly a
fierce battl e began , warrio rs on both sides hurl ingthei r darts and plying thei r swords , the very al tarsbeing overthrown i n the struggle . Latinus in deep
grief and disappoi ntment reti red from the scene ,now that all hope of peace was at an end . But theTrojan ch ief, with his head uncovered , stretchedforth his unarmed hand , and earnestly appeal ed to
h i s own peopl e .
! Whither do you rush ? he cri ed .
How has th is d i scord arisen ? Restrai n your rage ,for the league is now formed , and all i ts term s .settl ed .
” While thus endeavori ng to restore peace ,the pious fE neas h imself was severely wounded .
Whi le he spoke,unm ind fu l o f defence,
A winged arrow struck the p i ou s pr ince.
Bu t whether from some human hand i t came,O r host i le god
,is left unknown by fame
19 1
N o human hand , or host i le god , was found ,To boast the tr i umph of so base a wound .
D RYDEN,E nez
‘
d, BOOK X II.
zZE neas was led away to h i s tent, bleeding from
his wound.Then Turnus cal l ed for h is war chariot
and h is arms , and drove furiously over the plai n i nto
the m idst of the Trojans , deal i ng death around him
on every s ide .
H e dr i ves impetu ou s,and, where’
er he goes,H e leaves beh ind a lane of s laughtered foes .
D RYD EN,E nez
’
d,BOOK X II.
O ne brave Troj an warrior named Phe'
geus made
a gal lant fight agai ns t Turnus . Leaping i n front
of the chari o t, and se iz ing the bridles , he strove
wi th all his m ight to bring the horses to a stand .
Whil e he was being dragged along, cl i nging to the
pole, a thrust from the lance of Turnus pierced h is
coat of mai l and i nfl ic ted a sl igh t wound . S ti l l the
heroi c Phegeus held on , and, turning towards hi s
foe , ehdeavored to reach him with his sword , but
j ust then , com ing against the chario t wheels,he
was hurled to the ground , and i n a momentTurnus, with one blow , struck Off h is head .
Meanwhil e , fE neas attended by M nestheus, thefai thful Achates , and the young Iulus , lay b leed i ngi n h i s camp . The barb of the arrow by which hehad been wounded sti l l remai ned fixed i n the flesh
,
PHEGEUS ’ GALLANT FIGHT .
194
From Hect or ’s and fE neas’ fame,
Your unc le and your s ire.
”
CON INGTON E nez‘
d, BOOK X II.
E neas now went forth to the fight. The chie fsand the i r fol lowers , encouraged by the appearanceof thei r l eader, sl ew numbers of the enemy, i nclud
ing the augur Tolumn i us , who had first broken the
truce . But the Trojan hero h imself sought only forTurnus , andhe pursued him over the plai n . J uturnasee ing th is , assumed the shape and l ikeness of
Me-tis’cus, her brother’s chario teer
,and taking h is
place upon the chariot,drove rapidly through the
field , now here now there , but ever keeping at a di s
tance from the pursuing Trojan ch ief.
She steer s a var i ou s course among the foes ;Now here
,now there
,her conquer ing brother shows ;
Now with a s trai ght,now with a wheel ing fl i ght
,
She tu rns and bend s, bu t sh uns the s ingl e fight .ZE neas
,fired wi th fury
,break s the crowd
,
A nd seek s h i s foe,and cal l s by name al o ud ;
H e runs w i th in a narrower r ing,and tr ies
To stop the char i o t,but the char i o t fl ies .
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
,BOOK X II.
At length fE neas resolved to bring the battl e andthe war to a speedy end . While pursu ing Turnus ,he had noticed that the c i ty was l eft wi thout defence
, all the Latian and R utulian troops be ingengaged in the field . Cal l ing his ch iefs qui ckly
19 5
together he told them of h is plan .
! The c i ty
before us,said he , ! i s the center Of the enemy’s
strength . I t Is now i n our power. This daywe may overturn i t, and lay i ts smok i ng towers
level wi th the ground . A m I to wai t unti l i t
pleases Turnus to accept my chal lenge ? Quickly
bring firebrands, and very soon we shal l establ i shpeace .
The Trojan forces were at once marshal l ed, and
led i n a sol id battal i on to the wal l s,where a vigorous
assaul t forthwi th commenced . S ome rushed to thegates and sl ew the first they met , others hurled darts
into the c i ty,andothers , by means Of scal ing ladders ,
sought to cl imb over the ramparts . fE neas i n a
l oud vo ice cal l ed the gods to wi tness that he wasnow for the second time compel led to fight
,and that
for a second tim e a solem n league hadbeen violated
by the Lat ians . With in the town dissension broke
out among the alarmed c i ti zens , som e urging thatthe gates should be opened to the Trojans
,others
taking up arm s to de fend the wal l s .Turnus was i n a distant part of the field when he
heard of the attack on the c i ty. A messenger rode
up to him i n haste wi th the intel l igence that IZE neas
was about to overthrow the stately towers of Lati um,
and that al ready flam ing torches had be en appl i edto the roofs . Then Turnus saw that the moment
196
for action had come , and he cried out to h i s s i ster
(for notwi thstand i ng her d i sguise he hadknown herfrom the first) : Now, now, s i ster, my desti ny pre
vai ls. Forbear to further stop me. Let me fol low
whi ther the gods cal l . I am resolved to enter thel i sts wi th fE neas. No longer shal l you see me i n
d i sgrace . Whatever b i tterness there i s i n death I
am ready to endure i t.S o saying, Turnus sprang from his chariot, and
bounding over the plai n , rushed into the m idst ofthe combatants at the gates of the c i ty . With out
stretched arms he made a S ign to h is friends , andcal l ed upon them i n a loud voice : R utulians and
Latians , cease fighting. Whatever fortune of the
war remains i s m i ne . I t i s for me alone by mysword to put an end to th is strife .fE neas, heari ng the challege of Turnus , fo rsook
the lofty wal l s and towers , and hastened to encoun
ter h is foe . The hosts on bo th s ides laid down the i r
arms . A Space was cleared on the open plai n , and
immed iately the two heroes rushed to the combat,with hurl i ng of darts and clas h ing of swords and
sh ields.
They launch their spears then hand to hand they meet ;T he tremb l ing so i l resound s beneath their feet ;Their bucklers c lash th ick b l ows descend from h igh ,A nd flakes of fire from their hard helmets fly .
D RYDEN,E nez
’
d, BOOK X II.
198
the deity Faunus,but the Trojans had cut i t down
to make a cl ear ground for the i r m i l i tary movements .When fE neas attempted to wrench the spear out,Turnus prayed to Faunus to detai n the weapon .
O Faunu s p i ty and thou,m other E arth
,
Where I thy fo s ter -son rece i ved my b irth ,Hold fas t the steel I f my rel i g i ou s handYour plant has honored
,wh ich your foes profaned
,
Prop i t i ou s hear my p i ou s prayer .
”
D RYD EN , E nez’
a’
,BOOK X II.
But now the power of the gods was exerc i sed onbehalf of both heroes . Whi le fE neas struggled invai n to extricate the javel i n , Juturna,
agai n taking
the form of Me ti scus , ran forward to her brother
andgave him h is own sword . Then Venus came tothe aid of her son ,
and the steel was eas i ly drawnfrom the tough root. Once more the two ch iefss tood ready for the combat, the one relying on histrusty sword
,the other, on the spear which a god
hadmade .
Meanwhi le the goddess J uno , si tting in a yel lowcloud
, was watching the combat , and J upi te r, com
i ng near, advised her to abandon her hopeless enm i tyto the T rojans
,and forbade her to further resi st the
decree of heaven . J uno was now ready to yield ,but on one cond i tion ! When by th is marriagethey establ ish peace , l e t the people of Lati um retai n
I99
the i r anc ient name and language . Let Lati um sub
sist. Let the sons of Rom e ri se to imperial power
by means of I tal ian valor. Troy has peri shed . Let
the nam e al so perish .
” To thi s the king Of heaven
repl i ed : ! I grant what you desi re . The I tal iansshal l re tain the i r nat ive language and customs .The Trojans shal l se ttl e in Lat i um andm ingle wi th
i ts peopl e and all shal l be cal l ed Latins and have
but one speech .
”
A ll Shal l b e Lat i um ; Troy wi thou t a name ;
A nd her l o st Sons forget from whence they came.
From b l o od so m ixed a p i ous race shal l flow,
E qual t o god s , excel l ing all bel ow .
N O nat i on m ore respect to you shal l pay,O r greater o ffer ings on your al tars lay .
”
J uno consent s,wel l p leased that her des ires
Had found succes s,and from the c l oud ret ires .
D RYDEN,E nez
’
a’
,BOOK X II.
Then J upi te r sent one of the Furies down to thefield of battl e , in the form of an owl, and the evi l
bi rd flew backwards and forwards i n the sight of
Turnus,
flapping i ts wings . The chief,knowing
that th is was an unfavorable omen , hesi tated to
advance,and Aineas cal l i ng to him aloud cri ed
,
Turnus , why do you further decl ine to fight ? I t
i s not in running that we must now try our ski l l ,but wi th arm s in close confl i c t .” I have no fear Of
,you
,insul ting foe,
”
answered Turnus . ! My dread
200
i s of the gods , who are agai nst me. A s he spoke,
he saw on the ground before him a huge stone,such
as only a man of giant strength could l ift. S e izing
i t and poi sing i t over his head he rushed forward .
and hurled i t agai nst the enemy.
Bu t wi lder ing fears h i s m ind unman ;Runn ing
,he knew not that he ran
,
N or th rowing that he threw ;H eav i ly move his s ink ing knees ;T he streams of l i fe wax du l l and freez e ;T he stone
,as through the vo id i t passed ,
Reached not the measure of i t s cast,
N or held i t s purpose true.
CON INGTON ; E nez‘
a’
,BOOK X II.
zZE neas, now tak i ng careful aim , andputt ing forth
the whole strength of his body, hurled his fatalspear. Like a whirlwind i t flew
,and with m igh ty
force breaking through the sh ield and corsel e t ofthe R utulian ch i ef
,pierced his thigh . Down to the
ea rth he sank on hisknees , and the Trojan chief
rushed forward sword i n hand . Then the van
quished hero besough t the conqueror : ! I havedeserved my fate , and I do not deprecate i t, yet ifany regard for an unhappy father can move you.
have compass ion on the aged Daunus. You too
had such a father. Y ou have tri umphed . Lavin ia
i s yours. Persis t not further i n hate .
”
fE neas was much affected by th is appeal . I t
202
The poet undertook to tel l about the wanderings
of the hero , and his long labors both by sea and
land , up to the time he won a settlement i n I taly.
This was accompl ished by the death of Turnus,
which put an end to the war. The brave R utulianch ief made a gal lant fight, but the fates were against
him . He would probab ly have been the victor hadh is antagonist been any other than the man of destiny
,who had the decrees of heaven always on his
side .As to the subsequent h istory o f AZneas, the R o
man tradi tions tell us that he married the princessLavin ia,
and buil t a c i ty which was cal l ed after her !
name Lavinium . U pon the death of his father-Inlaw,Lati nus , he became king of Lati um . But though
he was then in possession of his long prom ised set
tlement, hi s wars were not enti rely over, for we are
told that he fought .a battl e with the R utulians who,
though thei r k i ng was dead , were sti l l unwil l ing to
subm i t to a foreigner. I n thi s battle , which tookplace on the bank of the river Numicus, the T rojanhero mysteri ously d isappeared andwas seen no more .
S ome say he was drowned i n the river, and that the
Lati ns, not finding the body, supposed he had been
taken up to h eaven ,and therefore offered him sacri
fices as a god .
On the death of the hero , his son Iul us succeeded
203
him ,and bui l t the c i ty o f Alba Longa
,which was
ruled for many centuri es by kings of the l i ne offE neas, whose descendants were the founders Of
Rome .
From whence the race o f A lban Father s come,
A nd the l ong glor ies maj es t ic Rome.
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