Post on 31-Mar-2015
State the Following Laws
• Boyle’s Law
• Charles’ Law
• Gay Lussac’s Law
• Dalton’s Law
• Graham’s Law
Drill:• Calculate the volume at
STP of CO2 released when 23.4 g of aluminum carbonate is decomposed 75 % through heat
AP Test Changes
• No Choices in Problems
• Only 3 reactions with predicting products– Balance rxns
– No choices
– Explain rxns
Kinetic Theory
•All matter is made up of tiny particles
•The particles are in constant motion
•All collisions are elastic
Pressure
•Force per unit area
•Caused by collisions against a surface
•Gas measured in pressure
Units of Pressure•kPa: kilopascal (Std Unit)
•Pascal: newton/sq. meter
•Atmosphere (Atm):
•mm Hg:
Standard Pressure•101.3 kPa (to be changed)•1.00 Atm•760 mm Hg or Torrs•30.0 inches Hg•1013 millibars
Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
•The pressure & volume of a gas at constant
temperature are inversely proportioned
P1V1 = P2V2 = K
Charles’ Law
•The volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure are directly proportioned
V1/T1 = V2/T2 = K
Guy Lussac’s
Law
•The Pressure and temperature of a gas at
constant volume are directly proportioned
P1/T1 = P2/T2 = K
Combined Gas Law
•Combination of the three formulas
P1V1 /T1 =
P2V2/T2
Calculate the new volume of 5.0 L of
gas when its pressure is doubled and its
temperature is tripled:
Common Sense•The volume of a gas is directly proportioned to the number of moles of gas
V1/n1 = V2/n2 = K
New Combination
P1V1/n1T1 =
P2V2/n2T2 = K
Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
Calculate the volume of 2.0 moles of gas at 77oC under 83.1 kPa
pressure.
Calculate the number of moles of gas
occupying 831 mL under 250 kpa at
227oC
Calculate the number of moles of gas
occupying 831 mL under 80.0 kPa at
127oC
Calculate the mass of CO2 occupying 83.1 L under 25 GPa at
227oC
Combined Gas Law
PV = nRT
Related Formulasm
V
m/n
D or =
MW =
Calculate the molecular mass of 5.0
g of gas occupying 831L under 250 Mpa
at 227oC
Calculate the density of carbon dioxide at 27oC under 83.1 kPa
pressure
Dalton’s Law
•The total pressure = the sum of the partial pressures
PT = P1 + P2 + etc
The total pressure of a system is 120.0 kPa.
The partial pressure of gas A is 112.0 kPa.
Determine the pressure of gas B
Graham’s Law
•The velocity of a particle is inversely proportioned to the square root of its mass
v1/v2 = M2/M1
Drill: Calculate the ratio of the velocities of He gas to HCl gas:
Calculate the volume of a gas at STP when it occupies 80.0 mL at
127oC under 303.9 kPa pressure:
Drill:Calculate the volume of 4.0 moles of gas
under 83.1 kPa pressure at 127oC:
Calculate the mass of 831 mL of CO2 at 27oC under 150 kPa
pressure:
Calculate the volume of a gas at STP when it occupies 80.0 mL at 127oC under 303.9 kPa
pressure:
Calculate the volume of 4.0 moles of gas
under 83.1 kPa pressure at 127oC:
Calculate the molecular mass of 50 g of gas occupying 831L under 250
MPa at 227oC
Calculate the mass of 831 mL of CO2 at 167oC under 150 kPa
pressure:
The total pressure of a system is 120.0 kPa.
The partial pressure of gas A is 112.0 kPa.
Determine the pressure of gas B
The total pressure of a system is 150.0 kPa. The system contains 50 % A,
30 % B, & 20 % C. Determine the pressure
of each gas.
Drill: Calculate the mass of CO2
occupying 83.1 L under 25 MPa at
477oC
Calculate the density of carbon dioxide at 27oC under 83.1 kPa
pressure
Calculate the ratio of the
velocities of He gas to HCl gas:
Calculate the velocity HBr
when the velocity Be is 270 m/s:
Calculate the final volume that 3.0 L of gas
will obtain when the absolute temperature is tripled & the pressure is
halved.
Calculate the mass of CO occupying 831 kL at 227oC under 2.50 Mpa
pressure.
Calculate the volume of H2 formed at 27oC
under 150 kPawhen 6.8 mg NH3
decomposes making N2 & H2.