State of Social Protecti on

in KenyaASSESSMENT OVERVIEW

Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, Ph.D., Policy Expert and Adviser on Social Protection to GOK, DFID and World Bank.

Stephen Settimi, M.I.R., International Development Specialist and Senior Advisor

“When biological factors (like being too young or too old to work) are combined with negative life time shocks (such as sickness, unemployment, natural disasters, social conflicts) the case for social protection is overwhelming.”

GERMANO MWABU, M.A., Ph.D, Professor  and Chair Department of Economics, University of Nairobi, as presented at UNECA workshop on “Social Protection, Growth, Poverty and Inequality in Kenya”, July 14-16, 2010

Why Social Protection

Basis for SP policy and programming in Kenya

• Approximately 5% or 1.5million Kenyans are chronically food insecure;

• Over 46% or 16.7million Kenyans live below the poverty line, nearly 300,000 of these do not eat daily;

• Over 2.4 MM OVC under the care of old or disabled persons.

• Among the most vulnerable, PLWA stands 1.6 – 1.9 Million (2007)

Assessment

• Assessment Methodology• Assessment Team• Document Review• Meetings and Key Informants

• Constitution• Vision 2030 SP• Constituency Development Fund• Local Authority Transfer Fund (LATF)• Constituency HIV/AIDS Fund• Social Safety Nets and Social Security• Safety Net• Social Security Services

Current State of Social Protection

Sector Policies and Regulatory Environment• Youth• Older Persons• Orphan and Vulnerable Children• National Policy for the sustainable development of

arid and semi arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya• Education• Free Primary Education Fund (FPE)• Subsidized secondary education and Bursary Fund• Democracy and Governance• Agriculture Food and Nutrition• Strategy for the Revitalization of Agriculture• Water and Sanitation

Key Findings and Recurrent Themes

• Varied perceptions of Social Protection• Policy Environment• Sustainability• Donor Harmony• Fragmentation• Graduation and Exit Strategies• Accountability/Transparency/Corruption• Monitoring and Evaluation• Complementary Program overlap and leveraging

Current view of SPSector-focused Programming

(Poverty reduction)

Cash Transfer

Food

HousingEducation

Elderly

OVC

Girls 12-18

Food/ Nutrition

HIV

Commodities

Education

Malaria

Cohort Attributes

Complementary view for SP Programming(Client-centered by Cohort)

Economy andemployment

Securityand justice

Educationand early life

Agricultureand food

Infrastructure,planning and

transport

Land andculture

Housing andcommunity

services

Environmentsand sustainability

HEALTH

Health SectorDeterminants thatimpact HealthOutcomes

Agriculture & Food

Markets & Pricing

Harvest & Processing

Labor & Mechanization

Land Use & Distribution

Crop Diversification

Water & Irrigation

Transportation & Fuel

Agriculture SectorDeterminants thatimpact Food ProductionOutcomes

Population Growth and Distribution

Agriculture

& Food

Markets &

Pricing

Labor &

Mechanization

Land Use &

Distribution

Crop

Diversification

Agriculture & Food

Land andculture

Environmentsand sustainability

HEALTHEXAMPLE: Programmatic Overlays between sectors

Programmatic Overlays among sectors

Client-centered Programming by Cohort

Girls 8-17

Education• Health• Food and

Nutrition

Health• VCT• ANC• PAC• Other Preventives

Social Services• shelter services• peer counciling• cultural exchange• safety

Constellation of SP Services Travels with Client over time adjusting as client matures (Case Worker function)

0-5 yrs.• Nutrition• Vaccinations• Pre-school

5-10 yrs.• Nutrition• Health• Education

10-20 yrs.• Nutrition• Education• Livelihood• Citizenry

Client SP Plan

Overriding Challenge: social capital networksSave the Children

Min of Education

Min of Agriculture

USAID

European Union

Min of NAL

WFP

Min of Planning

PROJECT CONCERN

KACC

AUSIDA

OXFAM

HELP AGE

KenSocProPlatform

MoH

WB

UNICEF

DFID

MoGen

MoL

0

50

100

Importance to SP Agenda

Strength of Working relationship with Affiliate

N=15

Recommendations to USAID

• Continue current programs• Strengthen/build on existing institutions and human resources

(GOK and NSA)• Realign Implementing Partners’ terms of reference and work plans

with GOK SP initiatives and provide tactical direction.• Establish (or adopt) a standard set of indicators to measure SP

program impact.• Provide line-of-credit solution to engage private sector in

development• Invest in Social Messaging to accelerate Norm shifts and

institutional change.

Next Steps for USAID

• Meet with other USAID sector team leaders (Education, Agriculture, Democracy/Governance, Disaster Relief, Economic Development)– discuss joined-up development activities to address

social determinants affecting each sector– Identify leverage points of co-operation.

• Meet GOK counter parts in each sector• Prepare Program Description to meet GOKand

USAID SP development objectives.

Asante sana