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1.True or False: Neck length of a giraffe is an inherited trait and cannot be changed by the giraffe's behavior.

ANSWER:

TRUE! You cannot pass ACQUIRED TRAITS onto

offspring.

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2. How many parents are required in asexual

reproduction?

ANSWER:

One.

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise

from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only. The

offspring is an identical genetic copy of its parent.

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3. How do inherited traits help animals survive?

ANSWER:

For example:

Birds in a desert climate survive on soft parts of cactus. Scientists observed that during a drought, many of the birds died. The ones that survived had larger beaks and were able to crack open and eat hard seeds that would ordinarily not be used. The next generation of birds all had large beaks. The inherited trait of larger beaks help the birds change foods so they could survive.

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4. Define: Genetic Engineering

ANSWER

The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.

Farmers benefit from the study of genetic engineering.

For example: Many U.S. farmers who grow genetically engineered (GE) crops are realizing substantial economic and environmental benefits -- such as lower production costs, fewer pest problems, reduced use of pesticides, and better yields -- compared with conventional crops

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5. The joining of an egg and sperm takes place in what type of reproduction?

ANSWER:

Sexual reproduction

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6. How does asexual reproduction occur in the human body?

ANSWER:

Cells in the body divide to form

new cells.

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7. Both parents of a cat have green eyes. This cat's offspring also have green eyes. This is an example of what type of trait?

ANSWER:

An inherited trait.

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8. Bacteria reproduce sexually by dividing in two. How does the genetic material of the offspring compare to the parent cell?

ANSWER:

The offspring are identical to their parent, as long as no mutations have occurred. They are 100% genetically the same.

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9. Genetic diseases are________ traits passed down from parent to offspring.

ANSWER:

Genetic diseases areINHERITED traits passeddown from parent to

offspring.

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10. Is being a good basketball player an inherited trait or an acquired trait? Explain:

ANSWER:

Being a good basketball player is an acquired trait. You have to work and practice to be a great basketball player. You are not born to be a great basketball player just because your parents may have been great basketball players. You cannot inherit an acquired trait.

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11.Do the following organisms reproduce sexually or asexually?

• Human• Amoeba• Squirrel• Lobster

ANSWER:

Human- SexuallyAmoeba- AsexuallySquirrel- SexuallyLobster- Sexually

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12. Sperm and eggs are known as_______________cells.

ANSWER:

Sperm and eggs are sex cells.

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13. __________chromosomes determine your gender.

ANSWER:

Sex chromosomes determine your gender.

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14. Genes carry information that determine your_________.

ANSWER:

Genes carry information that determine your traits.

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15. The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called _________________.

ANSWER:

The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called heredity.

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16. If you cross a purple flower with the genotype pp, with a red flower with

the genotype PP, the possible genotypes in the

offspring are: (draw a Punnett Square)

ANSWER:

All four choices of offspring onthe Punnett Square would bePp. They would all be heterozygousand would have the dominate traitof being a red flower.

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17. Male sex chromosomes are represented by which two letters?

ANSWER:

Male sex chromosomes- XY

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18. Female sex chromosomes are represented by which two letters?

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Female sex chromosomes- XX

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19. Define phenotype:

ANSWER:

Phenotype- The organisms expressed physical trait. For example: blonde hair, blue eyes, dark skin, etc.

The genotype is the set of alleles that determines the expression of the trait, for example: AA, Aa, aa

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20.Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

a. Blue eyes b. BBc. Fingers d. All of the above

ANSWER:

The PHENOTYPE is theexpressed physical trait, so

itwould be the BLUE EYES.

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21. Both of an organism's inherited alleles are its__________________.

ANSWER:

The inherited alleles are its GENOTYPE.

A genotype is the set of alleles that determine the expression of a particular trait. For example: AA, Aa, aa

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22. Define homozygous.

ANSWER:

Relating to a cell that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.

For example: RR (two dominant alleles) rr (two recessive alleles).

REMEMBER: Homo means SAME. Hetero means DIFFERENT.

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23. Define heterozygous.

ANSWER:

Relating to a cell that has two different alleles for and takes on the dominate trait.

For example: Rr, Pp, Ss

REMEMBER: Homo means SAME. Hetero means DIFFERENT.

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24. If and organism is purebred (homozygous) for a trait it has two _______or two ________ alleles.

ANSWER:

For an organism to be purebred, it would have to have two dominant or two recessive alleles.

For example: RR or rr

It would NOT be heterozygous: Rr

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25. How does adaptation help an organism?

ANSWER:

Adaptations help to improve the organism's ability to survive and reproduce new offspring.

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26. Why would a farmer use selective breeding?

ANSWER:

In plants, a farmer may use selective breeding to produce larger fruits, make plants more disease resistant, or have a better yield (produce MORE fruit).

In animals selective breeding may be used to breed the cows that give the most milk, or chickens that lay the most eggs, etc.

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27. What is a chromosome?

ANSWER:

Chromosomes are the structures in a cell that are made of DNA.

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28. Define gamete:

ANSWER:

A cell that fuses with another reproductive cell of the opposite sex during fertilization. (a sex cell)

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29. Who is Gregor Mendel? Where did he do his research?

ANSWER:

Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics. He was a monk who did his research in a monastery. He crossbred pea plants to learn more about how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.

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30. What is a Punnett Square used for?

ANSWER:

A Punnett Square is a tool used to predict possible offspring combinations of two parents through sexual reproduction.

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31. In eukaryotic cells, which organelle contains the DNA?

ANSWER:

DNA is found in the NUCLEUS of a cell.

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32. How do the large flat teeth of a cow help it to survive?

ANSWER:

The large flat teeth of a cow help it to more easily grind grasses better. Eating grass helps the cow to survive.

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33. What adaptive advantage do the stripes on the tiger provide?

ANSWER:

The stripes on a tiger provide camouflage in tall grass.

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34. Why do wolves have large, sharp teeth?

ANSWER:

Wolves have large, sharp teeth to help them kill their prey.

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35. Can a fish live on land? Why or why not?

ANSWER:

A fish has traits adapted for a water environment but not a land environment. So, a fish cannot live on land.

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36.What characteristic would you expect an insect to have?

a. High adaptabilityb. Low reproductive ratec. Few different kindsd. Ability to fly

ANSWER: A- HIGH ADAPTABILITY

Insects are extraordinarily adaptable creatures, having evolved to live successfully in most environments on earth, including deserts and the Antarctic. The only place where insects are not commonly found is the oceans. If they are not physically equipped to live in a stressful environment, insects have adopted behaviors to avoid such stresses. Insects possess an amazing diversity in size, form, and behavior.

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37. Why would an insect be more likely to survive than a monkey if placed into another ecosystem?

ANSWER:

Insects are extraordinarily adaptable creatures, having evolved to live successfully in most environments on earth, including deserts and the Antarctic. The only place where insects are not commonly found is the oceans. If they are not physically equipped to live in a stressful environment, insects have adopted behaviors to avoid such stresses. Insects possess an amazing diversity in size, form, and behavior.

The adaptablitly of insects would make them more likely to survive than a monkey placed into another ecosystem.

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38. Why do dairy cows produce more milk per cow than ever before?

ANSWER:

People have changed the genetic make-up of cows.

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39. When a genetic trait allows a group of animals to be more likely to survive and reproduce, what happens to that trait?

ANSWER:

That trait will become more common because the animals with the trait will reproduce and their offspring will inherit the trait.

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40. Why are the bones of a bird hollow?

ANSWER:

The hollow bones make the bird lighter and so it is easier for the bird to fly.

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41. Why do dogs grow thicker fur in the winter and shed it in the summer?

ANSWER:

The ability to grow and shed hair gives dogs the ability to survive in different weather patterns.

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42. List four examples of adaptations that animals might have to make them better able to survive their environment.

ANSWER:

There are MANY examples. Here are a few:

• A snow-shoe hare has a white coat in winter to blend in with the snow.

• A cheetah can fun really fast and get away from predators or catch prey.

• A skunk sprays a really bad smell to warn off predators.

• A porcupine has quills to defend itself from predators.

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43. Define natural influences

ANSWER:

Natural Influences explain how organisms in a population develop traits that allow them to survive and reproduce. These traits will most likely be passed on to their offspring. The trait becomes more common.

REMEMBER- Pepper Moths example.

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44. Define man-made influences.

ANSWER:

Artificial selection or man-made influences occur when humans select which plants or animals to breed to pass specific traits on to the next generation. For example, a farmer may choose to breed only cows that produce the best milk and not breed cows that produce less milk. The trait becomes more common.