• Analyze life in the USSR during the Cold War

• Judge the final legacy of Joseph Stalin (Uncle Joe)

• Analyze the changes that take place after the death of Joseph Stain in the USSR

1. Industrial Growth

2. Economic Problems & Quality of Life

3. Stalin Totalitarianism continued

• heavy industry grew in USSR– steel, coal, heavy

machinery, MILITARY GOODS

• What happened to military costs in the USSR?

• Other Stalin initiatives?– Industrialize!!

• Another 5-year Plan• RR and Nuclear Power

Plants

• Consumer goods?– Scarce and Poor Quality…– Few luxury goods (cars)– Free Market consumer goods are

better…• Quality of life for Eastern

Europeans?– What cruel policy returned to more

of Eastern Europe now?• COMECON?

– USSR benefitted off satellite nations– Modernization pushed by Stalin

• Who is in charge of supply & demand under Communism?– Government!! (not…)– gov planners out of touch

with needs/demands of people

• Why is the quality of USSR goods poor?– lifetime job security gives

little incentive…LAZY

• What tactics do we still see?– Russification, God, Order, Censorship

• More purges…who was killed off, which will later hurt the USSR? (déjà vu)– Generals– Intellectuals…TALENT…just like

• Stalin helped China modernize

• Mao felt Stalin was too conservative & too cooperative with Capitalist powers

• border disputes– 1960s…USSR

withdrew all advisors from China

– Alliance “ends”

2. USA vs USSR1949-1953

• 1949 China is Communist– Mao Zedong– USA fears spread of Communism more

• Korea liberated from Japan in 1945– Communist North– Democratic South

• North invades South with Stalin’s OK (analogy?)– USA gets UN support to

help south – Truman vs MacArthur

• 1953 = Armistice– border about the same

• USA = containment a success (~5 million dead)

• Massive Retaliation– AKA Brinksmanship…– Advocates use of nuclear weapons to oppose

Soviet aggression• Softer or Harder on Communism?

– Harder & Scarier

• Suez Crisis (1952-1956)– Gamal Abdel Nasser– Who won/lost?

• Iran 1953– PM Mohammad Mossadegh

• Missile Gap…• U-2 Spy Plane 1960

• August 1957 – 1st Inter-

Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)

• October 1957…Sputnik 1 is the first satellite in space– both scare USA (Oct Sky)– “Missile gap”

• USA’s first ICBM is 1959

Laika the Space Dog…1957

• Left the USSR at its peak…– Industrial

production–But also

Repression• Gradual shift

away from Stalin after his death

1. Nikita Khrushchev 1953-19642. Leonid Brezhnev 1964-19823. Instability 1982-19854. Mikhail Gorbachev 1985-19915. Post 1991 = Boris Yeltsin,

Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Medvedev Russian Federation

a. 1956…goes after Stalin in what is called the “Secret Speech”– AKA “On the Cult of

Personality and its Consequences” JoePa

– publicly denounced Stalin’s abuse of power

– Called Stalin a criminal (purges)

• Stalin’s presence (legend) removed from the USSR

c. Pol & Soc Changes– political prisoners are freed– power of secret police

(KGB) is reduced– eased censorship…more

negative books allowed– allowed intellectual

freedom– wanted “peaceful

coexistence” with West (ha)

• Tried to diversify industry…–more light industry &

consumer goods–Less heavy industry–more power to local

farmers– less power to big gov

• Effects…–big industry weakens ($$)–agricultural mistakes &

rising military costs hurts economy

• Eastern Europe • What is Eastern

Europe trying to do this whole time?

• Stalin’s Ropes (?)• Khrushchev’s

Ropes (?)

b. SofteningStalin’s

Iron Curtain

• Khrushchev eases the ropes

• Effect?– Eastern Europe

will try to break away!!!

– Revolt in Hungary in 1956• Khrushchev sends

tanks to crush rebellion

– There will be more!

• Tale of 2 cities/ spheres…East vs West

• What problem is making the USSR look bad?– Eastern Europeans

fleeing to West Berlin

• NK’s Solution in 1958 + 1961?– Outcome in both?

Berlin Wall Watchtower

• Berlin Wall prevented Eastern Europeans from crossing over to West Berlin

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.png

• Outcome? A deal was made…–USA vowed not to invade Cuba–USSR removed the missiles–USA kept missiles in Turkey

• Cuban Missile Crisis is final disgrace for Khrushchev

• Replaced as 1st Secretary and Premier in 1964

• During the Cuban Missile Crisis, what war did JFK tell advisors to read a certain best-selling book so that the USA wouldn’t blunder into a war too quickly and repeat history?

CubanMissileCrisisin Film

• 1963 = Nuclear Test Ban Treaty–Forbids

certain types of testing…

• Hotlines put in Wash DC and Moscow

• Détente is coming…