Post on 18-Dec-2015
SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. b. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. d. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta). e. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. f. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Center of a trade network – Africa, Europe, Asia
“Silk Roads” – spices, silks, and other goods
Nomad groups – Bedouins
City in Western Arabian Peninsula
Home of Ka’aba (Kah-buh) – house of worship
Jews and Christians had lived there many years
Allah – Arabic name for God Muhammad – 570 A.D. (C.E.) born
Angel Gabriel spoke to him Muhammad believed it was Allah Muhammad believed he was the last
prophet of Allah
Arabic words Islam – submission
to the will of Allah Muslim – one who
has submitted People in Mecca
fear Muhammad’s teachings
Hijrah (hih-jee-ruh) – Migration of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib)
630 – Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca
The Spread of Islam: World History Atlas Through military conquest Through trade later What were the roads called? Silk Roads! Spices, incense, perfumes, precious
metals, ivory, silk
Faith – belief in one God
Prayer – 5 times a day
Alms – giving to poor Fasting – Ramadan,
fast between dawn and sunset
Pilgrimage (Hajj) – travel to Mecca! If capable!
Treatment of conquered people was not horrible.
Allowed Christians and Jews to practice their religion – they paid a tax
Caliph (successor) – 4 people between Muhammad’s death and the split in Islam
661 – Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law assassinated
Umayyad – come to power and move capital
SUNNI SHI’A
4 caliphs were rightly guided
Muslim rulers should follow Muhammad’s example, called Sunna
Claim that Shi’a distort passages in the Qur’an (Koran)
Ali should have succeeded Muhammad
Muslim rulers should be descendants of Muhammad
Claim that Sunni distort passages in the Qur’an
Baghdad (city) - Abbasid Empire
Islamic scholars collect the knowledge of Greece, India, Persia
The Thousand and One Nights (Ever heard of Aladdin?!)
Calligraphy – Islamic art flourishes
Ibn Sina - 100 papers make up his Canon of Medicine – pharmacological studies of properties of new medicines.
Ibn Battuta – traveled nearly 75,000 miles in lifetime. Rihla – The Journey – documents his travels to places in the Muslim world
11th, 12th, 13th Century military campaigns of Christians against Muslims
East - Byzantine Empire (Christians) live in Holy Land against Seljuk Turks
West – Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) 1085 expel Moors (Muslims from North Africa)
Alexios I (Byzantine) calls for aid to Pope Urban II (Rome) – old buddies, new problems…
1096 CE (AD) send armies to re-conquer Holy Land
Christians take Holy Land – slaughter many people living there
#2 – Defending from advancing Muslim armies
#3 – Saladin defeats Christian armies
#4 – Western Christians attack Constantinople…ooops?
#5 – Not much going on
# 6 – Frederick II Holy Roman Empire (modern day Germany) takes control of Jerusalem through treaties
# 7 – French Kings, failure
# 8 – Nothing… # 9 – Christians
forced from Levant
Central Government becomes more important than Papacy (the Pope and Church)
Islamic learning transferred to Western Europe Art, science leads to Renaissance in Europe
(eventually) Increased trade with Asia, use of Roads from
Roman era This trade through Silk Roads leads to need for
exploration after Silk Roads close