Post on 05-Jul-2018
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SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTER
POWERGRID, BANGALORE
Data Acquisition &
CommunicationAbhimanyu Gartia
Chief Manager,SCADA-IT
SRLDC
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Instrumentation For SCADA Instrumentation For SCADA
TransducersTransducers RTURTU
Current TransformerCurrent Transformer Capacitor Voltage TransformerCapacitor Voltage Transformer
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TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER
Device converts one form of energy to another form.Device converts one form of energy to another form. Energy form viz. electrical, mechanical, chemical etc.Energy form viz. electrical, mechanical, chemical etc.
Transforms High level to Low levelTransforms High level to Low level
InputInput –– Hundreds of voltHundreds of volt
OutputOutput –– FewFew milliamperesmilliamperes
Measures field parameters like voltage, frequency,Measures field parameters like voltage, frequency,current, 3 phase bi directional active & reactive powercurrent, 3 phase bi directional active & reactive power
and transformer tap positionand transformer tap position Accuracy : +/ Accuracy : +/-- 0.2% class for frequency transducers and0.2% class for frequency transducers and
+/+/-- 0.5% class for other transducers0.5% class for other transducers
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R R emoteemote T Terminalerminal UUnitnit
The RTU performs the data acquisition and supervisoryThe RTU performs the data acquisition and supervisorycontrol over the substation for the SCADA system.control over the substation for the SCADA system.
As a minimum, the RTU collects, processes and As a minimum, the RTU collects, processes andtransmits the data from the substation to the controltransmits the data from the substation to the control--centers.centers.
The following data are generally acquired from the subThe following data are generally acquired from the sub--station:station:--
Analog Analog -- Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency,Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency,Current.Current.
Digita Digita l l -- Circuit Breaker Status, IsolatorCircuit Breaker Status, Isolator Status,SOEsStatus,SOEs The RTU also receives and processes digital and analogThe RTU also receives and processes digital and analog
commands.commands.
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RTU: MAIN FUNCTIONSRTU: MAIN FUNCTIONS
SCADASCADA Local ControlLocal Control
Data LoggingData Logging Process ControlProcess Control
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HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR SCADA ATHARDWARE CONNECTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR SCADA AT
SUBSTATION / GEN.STATIONSUBSTATION / GEN.STATION
MAIN
CPU
BOARD
PSU
COMMN
BOARD
A
NA
L
O
G
I / P
D
IG
T
A
L
I / P
C
ON
T
R
O
LO/P
TERMINAL
BLOCK
TERMINAL
BLOCK
TERMINAL
BLOCK
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
TRANSDUCER O/P TERMINAL
MVAR VOLTMW
TRANSDUCER I/P TERMINAL P T
SEC
110VAC
CT SEC
1 AMPS
F
R
O
M
S
W
I
T
CH
Y
A
R
D
-
F
I
E
L
D
EVENT LOGGER
PANEL
D
R
I
V
E
R
R
E
L
A
Y
TRANSDUCER PANEL
RS232 PORT
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SCADA HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY WITH COMMUNICATIONSCADA HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY WITH COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM(PLCC) AT SUBSYSTEM(PLCC) AT SUB--STN/GEN STSTN/GEN ST
RTU
N
S
K
5
modem
PLCC T x / R xSPEECH / DATA
PANEL
RS 232 CONNECTIVITY
PLCC
INDOOR EQUIMENT
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TRANSDUCERS TRANSDUCERS
CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION SELF POWERED/AUXILARY POWEREDSELF POWERED/AUXILARY POWERED
INPUTINPUT
VOLTAGE/CURRENT/POWER/POSITION VOLTAGE/CURRENT/POWER/POSITION OUTPUTOUTPUT
00--10mA, 410mA, 4--20mA, 020mA, 0--5mA 05mA 0--5v,05v,0--10v10v
OUTPUT IMPEDANCEOUTPUT IMPEDANCE 500500ΩΩ,1000,1000ΩΩ,2000,2000ΩΩ
ACCURACY ACCURACY
0.2 CLASS, 0.5 CLASS, CLASS 2 AND ABOVE0.2 CLASS, 0.5 CLASS, CLASS 2 AND ABOVE
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A/D CONVERSION AT RTU LEVEL A/D CONVERSION AT RTU LEVEL(16 BIT ADC).(16 BIT ADC).
FOR MW / MVAR TRANSDUCER:
INPUT: PT SEC PHASE TO PHASE : 110VAC
CT SEC TWO PHASE CURRENT (R & B): 1 AMPS.
OUTPUT : 4 – 20mA(TRANSDUCER OUTPUT)
IN ADC:
AT 4mA = 6553 Count
AT 20mA = 32767 Count
12mA IS THE CENTRE POINT.
(+/- 0.1% IS THE ACCEPTABLE RANGE OF ERROR ON FULL SCALE)
( Ref Calculation Sheet for all type of Measurand)
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TRANSDUCERS TRANSDUCERS
Measures field parameters like voltage,Measures field parameters like voltage,frequency, current, 3 phase bi directional activefrequency, current, 3 phase bi directional active& reactive power and transformer tap position.& reactive power and transformer tap position.
RatingRating Vol Vol: 110/115 volts phase to phase: 110/115 volts phase to phase
Current : 1 ACurrent : 1 A
Frequency: 45Frequency: 45--55 Hz55 Hz
Output : 4Output : 4 –– 20 ma / 500 ohms20 ma / 500 ohms
External power supplyExternal power supply
IEC 688IEC 688
Accuracy : +/ Accuracy : +/-- 0.2% class for frequency0.2% class for frequencytransducers and +/transducers and +/-- 0.5% class for other0.5% class for othertransducerstransducers
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SALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTUSALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTU A small rugged computer A small rugged computer CPU, volatile & nonCPU, volatile & non--volatile memory, power supplyvolatile memory, power supply
module, I/O modulemodule, I/O module
Communication ports & maintenance portsCommunication ports & maintenance ports
Allows the central SCADA master to communicate with Allows the central SCADA master to communicate withthe field devicesthe field devices
Acquires the data from the field devices/equipment and Acquires the data from the field devices/equipment andtransfers the data to the SCADA systemtransfers the data to the SCADA system
Distributed Processing TechnologyDistributed Processing Technology Main processor is 32Main processor is 32--Bit 16Mhz and sub modules are 8Bit 16Mhz and sub modules are 8--
bit.bit.
Real time clock Real time clock
Access via PC Access via PC--Based Configuration.Based Configuration. Password Protected.Password Protected.
Database configured via a PC and can be downloadedDatabase configured via a PC and can be downloaded
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SALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTUSALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTU
Switch mode converter power supply module whichSwitch mode converter power supply module whichprovides power for mother board, VME cards, I/O modulesprovides power for mother board, VME cards, I/O modulesand peripherals. Input voltageand peripherals. Input voltage –– 241 V AC, 50 Hz.241 V AC, 50 Hz. OutpitOutpitvoltage +/voltage +/--5V DC, +/5V DC, +/-- 12 V DC, +/12 V DC, +/-- 24 V DC24 V DC
32 Analog inputs per module ,15 bit resolution .32 Analog inputs per module ,15 bit resolution . Conversion rate 660 ns for all 32 inputs.Conversion rate 660 ns for all 32 inputs.
64 status inputs per status module,1ms scan time for 6464 status inputs per status module,1ms scan time for 64inputs,1ms SOE resolution. A simple status input/SOEinputs,1ms SOE resolution. A simple status input/SOEinput/accumulator input can be connected. LED indicatorsinput/accumulator input can be connected. LED indicatorsfor each input. Contact wetting voltage supplied by powerfor each input. Contact wetting voltage supplied by powersupply module.supply module.
32 control output per control module. Two master relays32 control output per control module. Two master relays
for each output. One for close and one for trip.for each output. One for close and one for trip. Through the maintenance port, we can download theThrough the maintenance port, we can download the
database, view data and Communications specific to eachdatabase, view data and Communications specific to eachperipheral board and trouble shoot .peripheral board and trouble shoot .
Advanced diagnostic capabilities Advanced diagnostic capabilities TimeTime synchronisationsynchronisation of RTU done at every 1 minute.of RTU done at every 1 minute.
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Scan CyclesScan Cycles
All the analog data are scanned every 10/12 All the analog data are scanned every 10/12
secondsseconds
Status information are reported by exceptionStatus information are reported by exception All status information are scanned for integrity All status information are scanned for integrity
check every 10 minutescheck every 10 minutes
The SOEThe SOE datasdatas are time stamped at 1 msare time stamped at 1 ms
resolutionresolution
TimeTime synchronisationsynchronisation is done every 10is done every 10minutesminutes
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Current TransformerCurrent Transformer
A A current transformercurrent transformer is a measurementis a measurementdevice designed to provide a current in itsdevice designed to provide a current in itssecondary coil proportional to the currentsecondary coil proportional to the currentflowing in its primary .flowing in its primary .
The current transformer isolatesThe current transformer isolatesmeasurement and control circuitry from themeasurement and control circuitry from thehigh voltages typically present on the circuithigh voltages typically present on the circuitbeing measured .being measured .
Common secondary are 1 or 5Common secondary are 1 or 5 amperes. Foramperes. Forexample, a 4000:5 CT would provide anexample, a 4000:5 CT would provide anoutput current of 5output current of 5 amperes when theamperes when theprimary was passing 4000 amperes .primary was passing 4000 amperes .
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Capacitor Voltage TransformerCapacitor Voltage Transformer
Capacitor Voltage transformers (Capacitor Voltage transformers (CVTsCVTs) are) areused for metering and protection in highused for metering and protection in high--
voltage circuits. They are designed tovoltage circuits. They are designed to
present negligible load to the supply beingpresent negligible load to the supply beingmeasured and to have a precise voltagemeasured and to have a precise voltage
ratio to accurately step down highratio to accurately step down high
voltages so that metering and protectivevoltages so that metering and protective
relay equipment can be operated at arelay equipment can be operated at a
lower potential.lower potential.
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Basic Function Of the CVTBasic Function Of the CVT
Where CHF is the equivalent ratedWhere CHF is the equivalent ratedcapacitance for carriercapacitance for carriercommunicationcommunication
* C1 : High Voltage capacitor* C1 : High Voltage capacitor
* C2 : Intermediate Voltage* C2 : Intermediate Voltage
CapacitorCapacitor* C1 / C2 ratio is such that the* C1 / C2 ratio is such that therequired intermediate voltage canrequired intermediate voltage canbe achievedbe achieved
L : Inductance of the choke whichL : Inductance of the choke whichis designed tois designed to
* Prevent carrier signals from* Prevent carrier signals fromflowing into the transformer circuit.flowing into the transformer circuit.
* Resonate with the capacitor* Resonate with the capacitorunit at 50 Hz which is the ratedunit at 50 Hz which is the ratedfrequency.frequency.
D : Damping burden which isD : Damping burden which isprovided across one of theprovided across one of the
secondary windings to preventsecondary windings to preventterroresonanceterroresonance oscillations.oscillations.
TrTr : Transformer designed to: Transformer designed toprovide the required output voltageprovide the required output voltageat the desired burdenat the desired burden
Metering
Protection
D
1a
1n
2a
2n
HV
C1
C2
TrL
CHF
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COMMUNICATION
REQUIREMENTS FOR
SCADA
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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADAREQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA
Communication media should have:Communication media should have:* High Reliability* High Reliability
* High Availability* High Availability
* Rapid Response* Rapid Response
* Transparency* Transparency
* Economy* Economy* Flexibility* Flexibility
* Maintainability* Maintainability
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Modes of CommunicationModes of Communication
PLCCPLCC Leased Telephone circuitsLeased Telephone circuits
Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication
FibreFibre Optics CommunicationOptics Communication
Satellite CommunicationSatellite Communication
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PLCCPLCC High voltage lines themselves are used as communicationHigh voltage lines themselves are used as communication
links.links.
Carrier Frequency: 50Carrier Frequency: 50--300 KHz.300 KHz.
3 channels are used generally:3 channels are used generally:
MainMain--ChannelChannel -->>
speech channelspeech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz
Telemetring Telemetring-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
ProtectionProtection--ChannelChannel--II -->>speech channelspeech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz
Teleprotection Teleprotection-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
ProtectionProtection--ChannelChannel--II (BackupII (Backup--Protection)Protection)-->>speech channelspeech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz
Teleprotection Teleprotection-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
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PLCCPLCC Advantages: Advantages:
1.1. High reliabilityHigh reliability
2.2. All channels are available for dedicated use by All channels are available for dedicated use bypowerpower--utility aloneutility alone
Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
1.1. Cost of insulating communication equipment is highCost of insulating communication equipment is high2.2. High noise level due to CoronaHigh noise level due to Corona
3.3. High speed dataHigh speed data--transfer not possible because oftransfer not possible because of
Bandwidth limitations.Bandwidth limitations.
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Applications of PLCC Applications of PLCC Voice Communication Voice Communication
FascimileFascimile TransmissionTransmission TeleTele--ProtectionProtection
TeleTele--MeteringMetering
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Types of Couplings Types of Couplings
3 coupling schemes to couple voice, fax,3 coupling schemes to couple voice, fax,teletele--protection andprotection and teletele--metering to themetering to the
highhigh--voltage transmission line:voltage transmission line:
PhasePhase--toto--Ground CouplingGround Coupling
PhasePhase--toto--Phase CouplingPhase Coupling
InterInter--Line CouplingLine Coupling
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STATION-B
PLCC PANELS
STATION-A
LMU
ESLADC
CC
WT
PLCC PANELS
ESLADC
CC
WT
PHASE-TO-GROUND COUPLING
ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap
LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor
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STATION-B
PLCC PANELS
STATION-A
LMU
ESLADC
CC
WT
PLCC PANELS
ESLADC
CC
WT
PHASE-TO-PHASE COUPLING
ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap
LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling
capacitor
BT=Balancing Transformer
WT
LMU
BT BT
LMU LMU
CC
WT
CC
INTER LINE COUPLING
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STATION-B
PLCC PANELS
STATION-A
LMU
ESLADC
CC
WT
PLCC PANELS
ESLADC
CC
WT
INTER-LINE COUPLING
ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap
LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor BT=Balancing
LMU
BT BT
LMU LMU
CCCC
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Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication
LineLine--of of --sight communicationsight communication
Requires repeaters at 50Requires repeaters at 50--6060 kmskms. Intervals. Intervals
Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs ofProvides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs ofpower utilitypower utility
Higher availability than PLCC,Higher availability than PLCC, availablityavailablity not affected bynot affected bymaintenance or faults on the power linesmaintenance or faults on the power lines
Suffers fromSuffers from multipathmultipath--fading effectfading effect
In India, WPC (wireless planning & coIn India, WPC (wireless planning & co--ordination) wingordination) winghas assigned 2.3has assigned 2.3--2.5 GHz and 2.82.5 GHz and 2.8--5 GHz bands to power5 GHz bands to powersector usage.sector usage.
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Digital Microwave Systems
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Leased Telephone CircuitsLeased Telephone Circuits•Simple solution, no need to develop own
dedicated communication facility bypower utility
•Availability of this mode ofcommunication at remotely locatedsubstations is the deciding factor
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FiberFiber--Optic CommunicationOptic Communication FiberFiber--optic communication is a method of transmitting information fromoptic communication is a method of transmitting information from
one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber.one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The lightThe light
forms an eforms an electromagnlectromagnetic carrier wave that isetic carrier wave that is modulmodulated to carryated to carry
informationinformation
• The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basicsteps:
Creating the optical signal using a transmitter
Relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not
become too distorted or weakReceiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal
Analog/DigitalInterface
Voltage toCurrentconverter
LightSource
Source toFiber
Interface
Fiber toLight
Detector
Interface
LightDetector
Current toVoltage
converter
Analog/DigitalInterface
OUTPUT
INPUT
Optical Fiber
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Fiber Optic CommunicationFiber Optic Communication Advantages: Advantages:
The ability to carry much more information and deliver it wiThe ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelityth greater fidelitythan either copper wire or coaxial cable.than either copper wire or coaxial cable.
Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and aFiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater distancest greater distances
The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interferenThe fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference, includingce, includinglightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore colightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore come in directme in direct
contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines.contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines.
POWERGRIDPOWERGRID uses overhead fiber optic communication:uses overhead fiber optic communication:
OPGWOPGW (optical ground wire cable)(optical ground wire cable)ADSSADSS (all dielectric self supporting cable)(all dielectric self supporting cable)
WRAP AROUNDWRAP AROUND
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Fibre Optic Systems
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OPGW
FODP OLTE
ADD DROP MUX2 MB/S
MICROWAVE RADIO
TERMINAL
2 MB/S
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL & ANALOG
NETWORKS
PLCC
VOICE
CARD
DATACARD
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OPGWOPGW OPGW (optical ground wire) replacesOPGW (optical ground wire) replaces
shield wiresshield wires•• Provides lightning protectionProvides lightning protection
•• Provides communicationProvides communication
•• Lightning short circuit damageLightning short circuit damage
•• Installation requires long term outageInstallation requires long term outage
•• ExpensiveExpensive•• Superior performanceSuperior performance
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ADSS F.O ADSS F.O
ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) which ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) whichis mounted at various locations, typically 3is mounted at various locations, typically 3
to 10 meters below the phase conductorsto 10 meters below the phase conductors..
ADSS costs less than OPGW ADSS costs less than OPGW Higher fiber count than Wrap type.Higher fiber count than Wrap type.
Can be installed on towers not designedCan be installed on towers not designed
for shield wires.for shield wires.
Suitable for hot line installationSuitable for hot line installation
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WRAP AROUND F.OWRAP AROUND F.O
WrapWrap--type which is wound aroundtype which is wound aroundshield wires and, in some instances,shield wires and, in some instances,around energized conductorsaround energized conductors
HotHot--line installation is difficultline installation is difficult Cost more than ADSS, but less thanCost more than ADSS, but less than
OPGWOPGW
Need a shield wireNeed a shield wire No operation problem is observedNo operation problem is observed
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OPGW
WRAP
ADSS
OVERHEAD CABLES FOROVERHEAD CABLES FOR
POWER UTILITIESPOWER UTILITIES
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OPGW ADSS WRAP AROUND
AL STRAND
AL COATED STEEL STRAND
AL TUBE
XLPE SHEATH
POLYESTER TAPE
MOISTURE BLOCKING COMPOUND
AERIAL OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES
FIBRE
STRENGTH MEMBERS
LOOSE TUBE
AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBCROSS
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION
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OPGW
WRAP AROUND
ADSS
AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBINST
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SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSATELLITE COMMUNICATION
A geostationary satellite isA geostationary satellite is
used as an active repeater.used as an active repeater. Modulated signals are sendModulated signals are send
from earthfrom earth VSATs VSATs in 6 GHzin 6 GHz
band to the satellite.band to the satellite.
Signals are beamed back toSignals are beamed back toearth in 4 GHz band.earth in 4 GHz band.
RoundtimeRoundtime propagation delaypropagation delay
of 540ms existsof 540ms exists
Communication is interruptedCommunication is interrupted
during eclipses.during eclipses.
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WHAT IS SCADAWHAT IS SCADA
SSupervisoryupervisory CControlontrol A Andnd DDataata A Acquisitioncquisitionis the system which enables us tois the system which enables us to
“ “supervise, control,supervise, control, optimiseoptimise and manage theand manage thePower Systems in an efficient manner toPower Systems in an efficient manner to
provide stable, secure and reliable power to theprovide stable, secure and reliable power to the
end consumerend consumer””..
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FUNCTIONS OF SCADA FUNCTIONS OF SCADA
DATA ACQUISITIONDATA ACQUISITION PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA.PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA.
LIMIT / STATUS MONITORING & ALARMING.LIMIT / STATUS MONITORING & ALARMING.
NETWORK STATUS PROCESSOR.NETWORK STATUS PROCESSOR. SEQUENCE OF EVENT RECORDING.SEQUENCE OF EVENT RECORDING.
INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL.INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL.
DATA EXCHANGEDATA EXCHANGE
SUPERVISORY CONTROL.SUPERVISORY CONTROL.
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SCOPE FOR DATASCOPE FOR DATA-- ACQUISITION ACQUISITION
UNDER ULDC SCHEMES in INDIAUNDER ULDC SCHEMES in INDIA
All generating stations of 50MW or All generating stations of 50MW or
above(10 MW or above in case of NER)above(10 MW or above in case of NER)
All 400 KV Sub All 400 KV Sub--Stations.Stations.
All 220 KV Sub All 220 KV Sub--Stations.Stations.
All 132 KV Sub All 132 KV Sub--Stations operated whereStations operated where
InterInter--State lines are located.State lines are located.Important 66 KV SubImportant 66 KV Sub--Stations (NER only).Stations (NER only).
Information Flow to ControlInformation Flow to Control CentresCentres
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Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamilnadu
UT of Pondy
Vijayawada
Warangal
HYDERABAD
Ghanapur
ChinkampalliCHENNAI
Pondy
Madurai
Kannur-B
KALAMASSERY
Vydyuthi Bhavanam
Erode
MW Link
FO LinkState owneed Link
Sub-LDC
SLDC
RCLDC
LingasugurDavangere
Bangalore
Information Flow to ControlInformation Flow to Control CentresCentres
Satellite
Ramagundam
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VIJAYAWADATALLAPALLI
GAJUWAKA
VIDYUTH SOUDHA
GOOTY
SALEM400
UDUMALPETTRICHUR NORTH
MADURAI
TRICHY
SRIPERUMBUDUR
NEYVELI
CHINAKAMPALLYDAVANAGERE
RAMAGUNDAM
PONDY
SOMANAHALLI
P
N
PALLOM
KAYANKULAM
RSCC (1)
CPCC (1)
SLDC (4)
SUB-LDC / SCC (14)
FIBRE OPTIC LINK 110/132kv
FIBRE OPTIC LINK (220kv)
FIBRE OPTIC LINK (400kv)
FIBRE OPTIC LINK (SEB)
MICROWAVE LINK (35 links)
SATELLITE LINK (KEB)
RTU LOCATIONS 201
WARANGAL
PEDAPALLI
DURSHEDJAMMIKUNTA
VTPS
VIZAG SWS
KAKINADA
BOMMUR
BHIMADOLE
N’SAGAR PH
SRISAILAM PH
SRISAILAM LBPHKURNOOL
SOMAYAJULAPALLI
MUDDANOOR RTPP
ANANTHAPUR
SHAPURNAGAR
GHANAPUR
CH.GUTTA
HYDERABAD 400
LEGENDLEGEND
CHALAKUDI
KALAMASSERY
VIAKKAM
KUNDRAPARIPALLI
TRIVANDRUM NORTH
VYDYUTHI BHAVANAM
KOZHIKODE
KANNUR-B
MADURAI400
CHENNAI
CHIDAMBARAM
MYLADUTURAI
SALEM230
ERODE
SIVAGANGA
KARAIKUDI
THIRUMAYAMPUDUKOTTAI
THIRUVARURORTHANADU
KOVILVENNI
ADANIKOTTAI
INGUR
PONGALORE
PANRUTI
VILLIANUR
SP.KOVIL
BANGALORE
KUMBALGODI
HUBLI
APSEB
RTU’S
82
TNEB
RTU’S
40
KSEB
RTU’S
30
KEB
RTU’S
22
PONDY
RTU’S
05
CENTRAL
SECTOR RTU’S
22
Lingasugur
Wideband Channel Routing for Madurai Sub-LDC
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Sembatti
Madurai 400
Trichy 400
Paramakudi SamayapuramMadurai North
Kodayar PH2
Madurai
Sub LDC
Karaikudi
Tanjore 230
S R PudurPariyar PH
Theni Kayathar
E
Sathur
TTPS
Podukotta
C
Echengodu
Adanakottai
Peramballur
Kovilvenni
Pugalur
Thiruvarur
Tuticorin Auto
Trichy 230
Chennai
Sub-LDC
(NLC TS-I)
Erode Sub-LDC
(Erode)
OrthonaduSivagangai
Existing RTU – 9 nos.
Existing RTU integrated
New RTUs – 13 nos.
PLCC Link
MW Link
COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA
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ChalakudyT. NorthKozhikode -BKannur-B
Kalamassery
PallomKayamkulamKundraParipallyTrivendrum
North
Vidyuthi
Bhavanam
RSCC,Bangalore
(Udumalpet)
Wideband Routing from Sub-LDC to SLDC,(Kalamassery)
COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA
MW Link
FO Link