Post on 02-Jan-2016
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
A Unified Reference Model for the Processes of Software and
System Life Cycles
Terry Rout
Software Quality Institute
Griffith University
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
SC7 Life Cycle Standards
Processes for the Product Life Cycle: ISO/IEC 12207 - 1995: Software Life Cycle Process ISO/IEC TR 15504 - 1998: Software Process Assessment WD 15288: Systems Life Cycle Processes
Individual Life Cycle Processes: WD 15939 - Software Measurement Process ISO/IEC 14598: 1998 - Software Product Evaluation Standards for:
Software Maintenance Configuration Management Project Management
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
The Current Situation: Confusion
12207 - Processes defined through prescribed sets of activities and tasks
15504 - Processes described through purpose statement and description of outcomes of implementation
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
ISO 12207 - Software Life Cycle Processes
PRIMARY PROCESSESPRIMARY PROCESSES SUPPORTING PROCESSESSUPPORTING PROCESSES
ORGANISATIONAL PROCESSESORGANISATIONAL PROCESSES
Acquisition
Supply
Development
Operation
Maintenance
Documentation
Configuration Management
Problem Resolution
Management
Improvement
Infrastructure
Training
Quality AssuranceVerificationValidationJoint ReviewAudit
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
ISO 15504 - The Process Dimension
PRIMARY PROCESSESPRIMARY PROCESSES SUPPORTING PROCESSESSUPPORTING PROCESSES
ORGANISATIONAL PROCESSESORGANISATIONAL PROCESSES
Documentation
Configuration Management
Problem Resolution
Quality AssuranceVerificationValidationJoint ReviewAudit
AcquisitionAcquisition PreparationSupplier selectionSupplier managementCustomer acceptance
Supply
OperationSystem operationCustomer support
Requirements elicitation
DevelopmentSystem analysis and designSoftware requirements analysisSoftware designSoftware implementationSoftware integrationSoftware testingSystem integration and testing
Maintenance
Management
Quality Management
Risk Management
ImprovementProcess establishmentProcess assessmentProcess improvement
Organisational alignment Infrastructure
Human Resource ManagementProject Management
Reuse
Measurement
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
The Way Forward: Agreement
Processes will be described in terms of purpose and outcomes
12207 will additionally define activities and tasks for recommended / desired implementation
15504 will define a scale for measurement / evaluation of capability
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
Process Outcomes
Ideally, each outcome would have the following characteristics: capability-neutral (“capability” is used here in the sense of
15504) role-independent (“role” is explained later) succinct not a restatement or functional decomposition of the purpose phrased in terms of a continuing responsibility to:
(1) produce and maintain an artifact; (2) achieve and maintain a state; or (3) meet a constraint.
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
Identifying Processes
Desirable characteristics for processes include: Consistent with each other Autonomous Non-overlapping Cohesive Low coupling with other processes Cover the existing set of standards
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
Process Model for
Software and System Life
Cycles
Requirements for
implementing Software Life
Cycle Processes
Requirements for
implementing System Life
Cycle Processes
Requirements for performing
Process Assessments
invokes by reference
invokes by reference
invokes by reference
Relationship of Life Cycle Standards
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
What is missing?
The current proposal within SC7 is for a list of “defined” processes only
There is no architecture established that describes the relationships between processes
To ignore these relationships can only in the long term lead to confusion
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© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
A proposal for a reference process architecture
Separation of product life cycle from enterprise-driven “sustaining” processes.
A classification of the “sustaining” processes drawn from, but not identical to, 12207 and 15504.
The concept – embodied in 15504 – that processes may contain other (“component” or “subsidiary”) processes within their scope.
S Q I
© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
GERAM: Four essential view types and their contents
design
identification
concept
requirements
implementation
operation
decommission
ResourceOrganisation
InformationFunction
life-cyclestages
model contentviews
purpose views task views Manifestationviews
Product,Cust. Service
Mgmt,Control
Hard-wareSoft-ware
TechnologyTasks
HumanTask
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© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
Product Life Cycle Processes
Product Identification Process Product Concept Derivation Process Product Requirements Definition Process Product Design Process Product Implementation Process Product Operation Process Product Decommissioning Process
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© T.P. Rout and Griffith University, 1996
Sustaining Life Cycle Processes
Commercial Processes Project-Oriented Processes Organizational Processes