Post on 10-Oct-2020
Formula Reference
Spread.NETproductsprovideextensivecalculationabilitythroughformulas.Withover450built-infunctions,standardformulaoperators,andtheabilitytocreatecustomfunctions,youcandefineandperformcalculationsforarangeofdatawithinanyofseveralsheetsinaspreadsheetcomponent.
Thisreferenceprovidesanintroductiontotheuseofformulasaswellasacompletelistofbuilt-infunctions.Thisdocumentationincludes:
FormulaOverviewFormulaFunctions
Formoreinformationonusingformulasincellsandcreatingcustomfunctions,refertotheproductDeveloper'sGuide.
Foracompletelistofdocumentation,returntotheproductdocumentationpage.
Spread Formula Reference 1
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
1 Table of Contents
FormulaReference 1
1. TableofContents 2-19
ContactingUs 20
GettingTechnicalSupport 21
FormulaOverview 22
WhatisaFormula? 23
SampleFormula 24
CellReferencesinaFormula 25
A1(Letter-Number)Notation 26
R1C1(Number-Number)Notation 27
RelativeandAbsolute 28
ScopeofCellReferences 29
SheetReferencesinaFormula 30-31
OperatorsinaFormula 32
OrderofPrecedence 33
UsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes 34
FunctionsinaFormula 35
CategoriesofFunctions 36
DatabaseFunctions 37
DateandTimeFunctions 38
EngineeringFunctions 39
ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions 40
FinancialFunctions 41
DayCountBasis 42
InformationFunctions 43
LogicalFunctions 44
LookupFunctions 45
MathandTrigonometryFunctions 46
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
StatisticalFunctions 47-48
TextFunctions 49
WebFunctions 50
OptionalArguments 51
MissingArguments 52
VolatileFunctions 53
ArrayFormulas 54
ArraysinaFormula 55
DynamicArrayFormulas 56
DataTypesinaFormula 57
CustomFunctionsinFormulas 58
CustomNamesinFormulas 59
ResultantErrorValues 60
FormulaFunctions 61-64
FunctionsAtoC 65
ABS 66
ACCRINT 67
ACCRINTM 68
ACOS 69
ACOSH 70
ACOT 71
ACOTH 72
ADDRESS 73
AGGREGATE 74-75
AMORDEGRC 76-77
AMORLINC 78
AND 79
ARABIC 80
AREAS 81
ASC 82
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ASIN 83
ASINH 84
ATAN 85
ATAN2 86
ATANH 87
AVEDEV 88
AVERAGE 89
AVERAGEA 90
AVERAGEIF 91
AVERAGEIFS 92
BAHTTEXT 93
BASE 94
BESSELI 95
BESSELJ 96
BESSELK 97
BESSELY 98
BETA.DIST 99
BETA.INV 100
BETADIST 101
BETAINV 102
BIN2DEC 103
BIN2HEX 104
BIN2OCT 105
BINOM.DIST 106-107
BINOM.DIST.RANGE 108
BINOM.INV 109
BINOMDIST 110-111
BITAND 112
BITLSHIFT 113
BITOR 114
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BITRSHIFT 115
BITXOR 116
CALL 117
CEILING 118
CEILING.MATH 119
CEILING.PRECISE 120
CELL 121-122
CHAR 123
CHIDIST 124
CHIINV 125
CHISQ.DIST 126
CHISQ.DIST.RT 127
CHISQ.INV 128
CHISQ.INV.RT 129
CHISQ.TEST 130
CHITEST 131
CHOOSE 132
CLEAN 133
CODE 134
COLUMN 135
COLUMNS 136
COMBIN 137
COMBINA 138
COMPLEX 139
CONCAT 140
CONCATENATE 141
CONFIDENCE 142
CONFIDENCE.NORM 143
CONFIDENCE.T 144
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONVERT 145-147
CORREL 148
COS 149
COSH 150
COT 151
COTH 152
COUNT 153
COUNTA 154
COUNTBLANK 155
COUNTIF 156
COUNTIFS 157
COUPDAYBS 158
COUPDAYS 159
COUPDAYSNC 160
COUPNCD 161
COUPNUM 162
COUPPCD 163
COVAR 164
COVARIANCE.P 165
COVARIANCE.S 166
CRITBINOM 167
CSC 168
CSCH 169
FunctionsDtoG 170
DATE 171
DATEDIF 172
DATEVALUE 173
DAVERAGE 174
DAY 175
DAYS 176
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DAYS360 177-178
DB 179-180
DBCS 181
DCOUNT 182
DCOUNTA 183
DDB 184
DEC2BIN 185
DEC2HEX 186
DEC2OCT 187
DECIMAL 188
DEGREES 189
DELTA 190
DEVSQ 191
DGET 192
DISC 193
DMAX 194
DMIN 195
DOLLAR 196
DOLLARDE 197
DOLLARFR 198
DPRODUCT 199
DSTDEV 200
DSTDEVP 201
DSUM 202
DURATION 203
DVAR 204
DVARP 205
EDATE 206
EFFECT 207
ENCODEURL 208
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EOMONTH 209
ERF 210-211
ERF.PRECISE 212
ERFC 213
ERFC.PRECISE 214
ERROR.TYPE 215
ERRORTYPE 216
EUROCONVERT 217-218
EVEN 219
EXACT 220
EXP 221
EXPON.DIST 222-223
EXPONDIST 224-225
F.DIST 226
F.DIST.RT 227
F.INV 228
F.INV.RT 229
F.TEST 230
FACT 231
FACTDOUBLE 232
FALSE 233
FDIST 234
FILTER 235-236
FILTERXML 237
FIND 238
FINDB 239
FINV 240
FISHER 241
FISHERINV 242
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FIXED 243
FLOOR 244
FLOOR.MATH 245
FLOOR.PRECISE 246
FORECAST 247
FORECAST.LINEAR 248
FORMULATEXT 249
FREQUENCY 250
FTEST 251
FV 252
FVSCHEDULE 253
GAMMA 254
GAMMA.DIST 255
GAMMA.INV 256
GAMMADIST 257
GAMMAINV 258
GAMMALN 259
GAMMALN.PRECISE 260
GAUSS 261
GCD 262
GEOMEAN 263
GESTEP 264
GROWTH 265
FunctionsHtoL 266
HARMEAN 267
HEX2BIN 268
HEX2DEC 269
HEX2OCT 270
HLOOKUP 271
HOUR 272
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HYPERLINK 273
HYPGEOM.DIST 274
HYPGEOMDIST 275
IF 276
IFERROR 277
IFNA 278
IFS 279
IMABS 280
IMAGINARY 281
IMARGUMENT 282
IMCONJUGATE 283
IMCOS 284
IMCOSH 285
IMCOT 286
IMCSC 287
IMCSCH 288
IMDIV 289
IMEXP 290
IMLN 291
IMLOG10 292
IMLOG2 293
IMPOWER 294
IMPRODUCT 295
IMREAL 296
IMSEC 297
IMSECH 298
IMSIN 299
IMSINH 300
IMSQRT 301
IMSUB 302
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSUM 303
IMTAN 304
INDEX 305
INDIRECT 306
INFO 307
INT 308
INTERCEPT 309
INTRATE 310
IPMT 311
IRR 312-313
ISBLANK 314
ISERR 315
ISERROR 316
ISEVEN 317
ISFORMULA 318
ISLOGICAL 319
ISNA 320
ISNONTEXT 321
ISNUMBER 322
ISO.CEILING 323
ISODD 324
ISOWEEKNUM 325
ISPMT 326
ISREF 327
ISTEXT 328
JIS 329
KURT 330
LARGE 331
LCM 332
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LEFT 333
LEFTB 334
LEN 335
LENB 336
LINEST 337
LN 338
LOG 339
LOG10 340
LOGEST 341
LOGINV 342
LOGNORM.DIST 343
LOGNORM.INV 344
LOGNORMDIST 345
LOOKUP 346-347
LOWER 348
FunctionsMtoQ 349
MATCH 350
MAX 351
MAXA 352
MAXIFS 353
MDETERM 354
MDURATION 355
MEDIAN 356
MID 357
MIDB 358
MIN 359
MINA 360
MINIFS 361
MINUTE 362
MINVERSE 363
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MIRR 364
MMULT 365
MOD 366
MODE 367
MODE.MULT 368
MODE.SNGL 369
MONTH 370
MROUND 371
MULTINOMIAL 372
MUNIT 373
N 374
NA 375
NEGBINOM.DIST 376
NEGBINOMDIST 377
NETWORKDAYS 378
NETWORKDAYS.INTL 379-380
NOMINAL 381
NORM.DIST 382
NORM.INV 383
NORM.S.DIST 384
NORM.S.INV 385
NORMDIST 386
NORMINV 387
NORMSDIST 388
NORMSINV 389
NOT 390
NOW 391
NPER 392
NPV 393-394
NUMBERVALUE 395
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
OCT2BIN 396
OCT2DEC 397
OCT2HEX 398
ODD 399
ODDFPRICE 400
ODDFYIELD 401
ODDLPRICE 402
ODDLYIELD 403
OFFSET 404
OR 405
PDURATION 406
PEARSON 407
PERCENTILE 408
PERCENTILE.EXC 409
PERCENTILE.INC 410
PERCENTRANK 411
PERCENTRANK.EXC 412
PERCENTRANK.INC 413
PERMUT 414
PERMUTATIONA 415
PHI 416
PHONETIC 417
PI 418
PMT 419
POISSON 420-421
POISSON.DIST 422-423
POWER 424
PPMT 425
PRICE 426
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PRICEDISC 427
PRICEMAT 428
PROB 429
PRODUCT 430
PROPER 431
PV 432
QUARTILE 433
QUARTILE.EXC 434
QUARTILE.INC 435
QUOTIENT 436
FunctionsRtoS 437
RADIANS 438
RAND 439
RANDARRAY 440-441
RANDBETWEEN 442
RANK 443
RANK.AVG 444
RANK.EQ 445
RATE 446
RECEIVED 447
REPLACE 448
REPLACEB 449
REPT 450
RIGHT 451
RIGHTB 452
ROMAN 453
ROUND 454
ROUNDDOWN 455
ROUNDUP 456
ROW 457
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROWS 458
RRI 459
RSQ 460
RTD 461
SEARCH 462
SEARCHB 463
SEC 464
SECH 465
SECOND 466
SERIESSUM 467
SEQUENCE 468
SHEET 469
SHEETS 470
SIGN 471
SIN 472
SINH 473
SINGLE 474
SKEW 475
SKEW.P 476
SLN 477
SLOPE 478
SMALL 479
SORT 480-482
SORTBY 483-484
SQRT 485
SQRTPI 486
STANDARDIZE 487
STDEV 488
STDEV.P 489
STDEV.S 490
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
STDEVA 491
STDEVP 492
STDEVPA 493
STEYX 494
SUBSTITUTE 495
SUBTOTAL 496-497
SUM 498-499
SUMIF 500
SUMIFS 501
SUMPRODUCT 502
SUMSQ 503
SUMX2MY2 504
SUMX2PY2 505
SUMXMY2 506
SWITCH 507
SYD 508
FunctionsTtoZ 509
T 510
T.DIST 511
T.DIST.2T 512
T.DIST.RT 513
T.INV 514
T.INV.2T 515
T.TEST 516
TAN 517
TANH 518
TBILLEQ 519
TBILLPRICE 520
TBILLYIELD 521
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TDIST 522
TEXT 523
TEXTJOIN 524
TIME 525
TIMEVALUE 526
TINV 527
TODAY 528
TRANSPOSE 529
TREND 530
TRIM 531
TRIMMEAN 532
TRUE 533
TRUNC 534
TTEST 535
TYPE 536
UNICHAR 537
UNICODE 538
UNIQUE 539-540
UPPER 541
USDOLLAR 542
VALUE 543
VAR 544-545
VAR.P 546
VAR.S 547
VARA 548-549
VARP 550
VARPA 551-552
VDB 553
VLOOKUP 554
WEBSERVICE 555
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WEEKDAY 556
WEEKNUM 557
WEIBULL 558
WEIBULL.DIST 559
WORKDAY 560
WORKDAY.INTL 561-562
XIRR 563
XLOOKUP 564
XMATCH 565-566
XNPV 567
XOR 568
YEAR 569
YEARFRAC 570
YIELD 571
YIELDDISC 572
YIELDMAT 573
Z.TEST 574
ZTEST 575
2. Index 576-588
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Contacting Us
Ifyouwouldliketofindoutmoreaboutourproducts,contactourSalesdepartmentusingoneofthefollowingmethods:
Website: https://www.grapecity.com/
E-mail: us.sales@grapecity.com
Phone: (800)858-2739or(412)681-4343outsidetheU.S.A.
Fax: (412)681-4384
Spread Formula Reference 20
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Getting Technical Support
Ifyouhaveatechnicalquestionaboutthisproduct,consultthefollowingsources:
Helpandotherdocumentationfilesinstalledwiththeproduct.Productforumathttps://www.grapecity.com/forums/#spreadVideosandotherinformationavailableontheWebsite.
Ifyoucannotfindtheanswerusingthesesources,pleasecontactTechnicalSupportusingoneofthesemethods:
Website: https://www.grapecity.com/forums
E-mail: spread.support@grapecity.com
Phone: (412)681-4738
Fax: (412)681-4384
TechnicalSupportisavailablebetweenthehoursof9:00a.m.and5:00p.m.Easterntime,MondaythroughFriday.
Spread Formula Reference 21
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Formula Overview
FormulasinSpread.NETincludeoperatorsandfunctionsthatfollowcertainsyntaxrulesandallowyoutoperformarangeofcalculations.Thesetopicsintroducetheconceptsyouneedtomakefulluseofthebuilt-infunctionsandextensivecapabilityofformulas:
WhatisaFormula?CellReferencesinaFormulaSheetReferencesinaFormulaOperatorsinaFormulaFunctionsinaFormulaArrayFormulasArraysinaFormulaDynamicArrayFormulasDataTypesUsingFormulasCustomFunctionsinFormulasCustomNamesinFormulasResultantErrorValues
Foracompletereferenceofallthebuilt-infunctions,refertoFormulaFunctions.
ReturntotheFormulaReference.
Spread Formula Reference 22
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
What is a Formula?
Formulascanconsistofvalues,operators,andfunctions.Datacanbefromothercells,acombinationofdatainanothercellandhard-codeddata(forexample,A1+2),orsimplyhard-codeddata(forexample,SUM(4,5)).Formulascanperformmathematicaloperations,suchasadditionandmultiplication,onvaluesinothercellsortheycancomparevaluesinothercells.Formulascanrefertocellsinthesamesheetbytheirabsolutecelllocationorrelativetothecellwiththeformulainit;theycanrefertoindividualcellsorarangeofcontiguouscells.Ifthevaluesinthereferencedcellschange,thenthevalueoftheformulacellchanges.
Formulascanbemadeupof:
cellreferencesandcellranges(notationindicatingaddressofcellorcells)operators(thatactononeortwovalues)built-infunctions(predefinedformulas)oruser-definedfunctionsuser-definednames(forfunctions,constants,orcellreferences)constantsorarrayofconstants(valuesyouenterthatdonotchange)
SeetheSampleFormula.
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
Spread Formula Reference 23
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sample Formula
UsetheSetFormulamethodintheColumn,Row,orCellclassforspecifyingtheformulaforacolumn,row,orindividualcellrespectively.UsetheSetArrayFormulamethodforanarrayformula.ReturningthevalueoftheFormulapropertyfortheseclassesprovidesastringcontainingthewrittenexpressionoftheformula,forexample,SUM(A1:B1).
IncodethesettingofaformulawouldlooksomethinglikethisinVisualBasic.NET(forillustrationpurposesonly):
FpSpread1.ActiveSheet.Cells(2,0).Formula="SUM(A1:A10)"
orsomethinglikethisinC#:
fpSpread1.ActiveSheet.Cells[2,0].Formula="SUM(A1:A10)";
andifaddedinthecellbytheenduser:
=SUM(A1:A10)
Inthisdocumentation,whereexamplesareshown,theformulaappearsas:
SUM(A1:A10)
or
SUM(3,4,5)givestheresult12
toexpressthattheresultoftheformulawoulddisplaythevalueof12inthecell.
Keepthesewaysofexpressingaformulainmindwhenlookingattheexamplesinthisdocumentation.RefertothespecificproductAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsontheFormulapropertyforthatproductandtheexactcodesyntaxtouse.RefertotheDevelopersGuideforthatproducttofindmoreexamplesanddiscussionofformulas.
ReturntotheWhatisaFormula?
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
Spread Formula Reference 24
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cell References in a Formula
Aformulacanrefertoconstantvaluesorcellreferences.Ifavalueinanyofthereferencedcellschanges,theresultoftheformulachanges.Ifyouuseconstantvaluesintheformulainsteadofreferencestothecells,theresultchangesonlyifyoumodifytheformula(orvaluesintheformula).
Ifanewrowisaddedrightbeforeorafteracellrangeinaformulathentherangedoesnotincludethenewrow.
Thistopicincludes:
A1(Letter-Number)NotationR1C1(Number-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute
Formoreinformationonsettingthereferencestyleforacell,refertotheReferenceStyleenumerationintheproduct’sAssemblyReference(orhelp)andtheReferenceStylepropertyforthespecificsheet(SheetViewobject).
Note:RememberthatalthoughmostofSpreaduseszero-basedreferencestorowsandcolumns,inthecreationofformulasyoumustuseone-basedreferences.Thecolumnandrownumbersstartatone(1),notzero(0).
Formoreinformationoncellreferencesthatincludesheetnames,refertoSheetReferencesinaFormula.
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
Spread Formula Reference 25
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
A1 (Letter-Number) Notation
Eachcellcanbereferencedbyacombinationofitscolumnletter(AthroughZ,thenAAtoZZ,AAAtoZZZ,etc.)andrownumber(1andbeyond)foratotalof2,147,483,648rowsandcolumns.Forexample,D50referstothecellattheintersectionofcolumnDandrow50.Torefertoarangeofcells,enterthereferenceforthecellintheupper-leftcorneroftherange,acolon(:),andthenthereferencetothecellinthelower-rightcorneroftherange.
Seealsothesetopics:
R1C1(Number-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute
Formoreinformationonsettingthereferencestyleforacell,refertotheReferenceStyleenumerationintheproduct’sAssemblyReference(orhelp)andtheReferenceStylepropertyforthespecificsheet(SheetViewobject).
ReturntoCellReferencesinaFormula
Spread Formula Reference 26
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
R1C1 (Number-Number) Notation
Eachcellcanbereferencedbyitsrowandcolumnnumberbyprecedingeachbytheletter"R"forrowandtheletter"C"forcolumn.ForexampleR1C3isthecellinthefirstrowandthirdcolumn.
A1CellRef.
R1C1CellRef.
Description
B12 R12C2 Cellinthesecondcolumn(columnB)andtwelfthrow(row12)
D14:D48 R14C4:R48C4 Therangeofcellsinthefourthcolumn(columnD)andinrows14through48
E16:H16 R16C5:R16C8 Therangeofcellsinthesixteenthrow(row16)inthefifththroughtheeighthcolumn(columnsEthroughH)
A25:E70 R25C1:R70C5 Therangeofcellsinthefirstfivecolumns(columnAthroughE)androws25through70
Seealsothesetopics:
A1(Letter-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute
Formoreinformationonsettingthereferencestyleforacell,refertotheReferenceStyleenumerationintheproduct’sAssemblyReference(orhelp)andtheReferenceStylepropertyforthespecificsheet(SheetViewobject).
ReturntoCellReferencesinaFormula
Spread Formula Reference 27
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Relative and Absolute
Arelativecellreferenceisareferencetoacellrelativetothepositionofthecellwiththeformula.Anabsolutereferenceisacellreferencethatalwaysreferstoacellbyitsexactlocationinthesheetandnotwithreferencetothepresentcell.
Relativereferencesautomaticallyadjustwhenyoucopythemandabsolutereferencesdonot.TheFpSpreadcontrolcanuseabsoluteorrelativecellreferences.YoucandefinethecellreferencestyleforeachsheetbyusingtheReferenceStyleproperty.Theformulaalsosupportsrangereferencesthatcontainbothabsoluteandrelativeroworcolumnreferences.Inotherwords,thestartandendrowsinarangereferencecanbesame(bothabsoluteorbothrelative)ordifferent(oneabsoluteandonerelativeorviceaversa).Thefollowingtablecontainsexamplesofvalidrelativecellreferencesinformulas:
Function DescriptionSUM(A1:A10) Sumsrows1through10inthefirstcolumn
PI()*C6 MultipliespitimesthevalueincellC6
(A1+B1)*C1 Addsthevaluesinthefirsttwocellsandmultipliestheresultbythevalueinthethirdcell
IF(A1>5,A1*2,A1*3)
ChecksifthecontentsofcellA1aregreaterthan5,andifso,multipliesthecontentsofcellA1by2,orelsemultipliesthecontentsofcellA1by3
ForA1(Letter-Number)Notation,useadollarsign($)precedingtheroworcolumn(orboth)toindicateanabsolutereference.Forexample
$A$1 absolutefirstcolumn,absolutefirstrow
$A1 absolutefirstcolumn,relativerowplusone
A$1 relativecolumnplusone,absolutefirstrow
A1 relativecolumnplusone,relativerowplusone
ForR1C1(Number-Number)Notation,usebrackets[]aroundtheroworcolumnnumber(orboth)toindicatearelativereference.Forexample
R1C1 absolutefirstrow,absolutefirstcolumn
R1C[1] absolutefirstrow,relativecolumnplusone
R[1]C1 relativerowplusone,absolutefirstcolumn
R[1]C[1] relativerowplusone,relativecolumnplusone
R[-1]C[-1] relativerowminusone,relativecolumnminusone
Inthisnotation,thenumberinsidethebracketsisanoffsetfromthecurrentcell.Thisnumbermaybeanegativeorpositiveintegerorzero.Leavingofftheoffsetentirelyisshorthandwayofindicatingazerooffset.So,
RC2isequivalenttoR[0]C2
R[3]CisequivalenttoR[3]C[0]
Seealsothesetopics:
A1(Letter-Number)NotationR1C1(Number-Number)Notation
ReturntoCellReferencesinaFormula
Spread Formula Reference 28
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scope of Cell References
Referencestocellswithinasheetarehandledasdescribedinthisdocumentation.Whenacellisreferencedthatisbeyondthedimensionsofthesheet,thecellisstillevaluated,buttheresultisa#REF!errorvalue.Forexample,ifthesheethaslessthan20columnsandrows,thenthefunctionDDB(B20,1000,10,1)evaluatestoDDB(#REF!,1000,10,1),whichevaluatesto#REF!
Spread.NETdoesnotsupportExcel'sreferenceoperators(forexamplerange,intersection,union)informulas.However,Spread.NETdoessupportthe#NULL!constantinformulas.Itdoessupportreadingthe#NULL!valuefromExcelfiles.FormoreinformationaboutwhatissupportedonimportingfromandexportingtoExcel,refertotheImportandExportReferencefortheparticularSpreadproductyouareusing.
ReturntoCellReferencesinaFormula
Spread Formula Reference 29
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sheet References in a Formula
Aformulacanhavereferencestocellsonthesamesheetortocellsonothersheets,aswellasrangesofcellsonsheets.
Intheexamplesshownbelow,weuseA1(Letter-Number)notationforthecellreference,butthesamewouldbevalidforR1C1(Number-Number)notation.Simplyprecedethecellreference,regardlessofthestyle,withthesheetnameasdescribedhere.
Formoreinformationoncellreferencesthatdonotincludesheetnames,refertoCellReferencesinaFormula.
Cross-SheetReferencing
Whenareferencetoacellincludesareferencetoacellonanothersheet,thisiscalledcross-sheetreferencing.
Anexampleofcross-sheetreferencinginaformulathatusestheadditionoperatorwouldbe:
(FirstRoundData!A2+SecondRoundData!A2)
wherethenameofonesheetis"FirstRoundData"andthenameofanothersheetis"SecondRoundData".Sheetnamesprecedethecellreferencewiththenameofthesheetfollowedbyanexclamationpoint(!).ThisformulacouldbeonanysheetintheSpreadsinceitexplicitlynamesthesheetsofeachofthecellsasoperands.ThisexampleaddsthevaluesinthecellA2ontwodifferentsheets.BymakingthesheetnameexplicitthereisnoconfusionastowhichcellA2ismeant.Ifyoudonotincludethesheetname,thecurrentsheet(inwhichtheformulaexists)isused.IftheformulaintheaboveexamplewasontheSecondRoundDatapage,thentheformulacouldbewrittenas:
(FirstRoundData!A2+A2)
Itmightbelessconfusingtoputthecellonthecurrentpagefirst,asin:
(A2+FirstRoundData!A2)
3-DReferencing
Whenareferencetoacellincludesthesamecelloracellrangeonmultiplesheets,thisiscalledthree-dimensionalreferencing.
Anexampleof3-DreferencinginaSUMformulathatusesthecellrangeonmultiplesheetsisdescribedbelow.
SUM(Sheet1:Sheet10!A1:A2)
wherethenameofonesheetis"Sheet1"andthenameofanothersheetis"Sheet10".ThisformulausesSUMfunctiontocreatea3-DreferencethatexecutesthesumoperationacrossmultiplesheetsviaaddingupthevaluesincellrangeA1:A2inallthesheetsthatliebetweeenSheet1toSheet10.
3-DReferencingcanbeextensivelyusedtoquicklycalculatedataacrossmultiplespreadsheetsthatpossessidenticalpatternandidenticaldatatype.
SheetNaming
Aslongasthesheetnameconformstonormalvariablenamerules(withthefirstcharacterbeingaletteroranunderscoreandtheremainingcharactersbeingletters,digits,orunderscores)thentheformulacanusejustthesheetnamefollowedbytheexclamationpoint.Otherwise,thesheetnameneedstobeenclosedinsinglequotes.Ifthesheetnameitselfcontainsasinglequote,thenusetwosinglequotesintheformula.Forexample,ifthenameofthesheetincludesasinglequote(orapostrophe)asinthesenamesforsalesofagivenmonth,thenareferencetothesheetwouldlooklikethisinaformula:
('November''sSales'!A2+'December''sSales'!A2)
withtwosinglequotes(orapostrophes)beforethes.Ifthesheetnamehasaspace,usesinglequotesaroundthesheetname.InthefollowingexamplethesheetnameisEastCoastSales.
('EastCoastSales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ifyouhaveaquoteinthenameofthesheet,youneedtoaddthedelimiterthatisrequiredforthatlanguage.Forinstance,inC#,ifthesheetnameis"Zippy"Sales,wherethequotesarepartofthesheetname,aformulathatincludesareferencetothissheetmightlooklikethis:
('/"Zippy/"Sales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)
whereasinglequotessurroundstheentiresheetnameandthebackslash(/)delimiterprecedesthequotes.ForVisualBasic,youwouldusetwodoublequotecharactersasin:
('""Zippy""Sales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)
UsingRangesinSheetReferences
Forcross-sheetreferencingofarangeofcellsinanotherpage,precedetherangewiththesheetname.Forexample:
SUM(SecondRoundData!A2:A10)
ThisaddsthevaluesincellsA2toA10ofthesheetnamedSecondRoundData.Thereisnoreasontoincludethesheetnameinthesecondhalfoftherangereferencesincethecellsareonthesamesheet.Youcannotspecifytwodifferentsheetsinarange;arangeofcellsisonlyonaparticularsheet,notbetweensheets.
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
Spread Formula Reference 31
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Operators in a Formula
Thefollowingtableliststheavailableoperators.Foreachoperator,anexampleisgivenofthesyntaxofusingaliteralvalueaswellasacellreference.Thetypeofvaluereturnedisgivenforeachtypeofoperator.
TypeofOperator ExampleSyntax ResultOperator Description Literal&Literal CellRef&Literal TypeReturned
BinaryOperators
+ Add 5+3 A1+3 double
– Subtract 5–3 A1–3 double
* Multiply 5*3 A1*3 double
/ Divide 5/3 A1/3 double
^ Exponent 5^3 A1^3 double
& Concatenate "F"&"p" A1&"p" string
= Equal A1<>3 boolean
<> NotEqual A1=3 boolean
< LessThan A1<3 boolean
> GreaterThan A1>3 boolean
<= LessThanOrEqual A1<=3 boolean
>= GreaterThanOrEqual A1>=3 boolean
UnaryOperators
- Negate -(5/3) -(A1/3) double
+ Plus +(5/3) +(A1/3) double
% Percent (5/3)% (A1/3)% double
Operatorsspecifythetypeofcalculationthatyouwanttoperformontheelementsofaformula.Mostoftheoperatorsreturndouble-precisionfloatingpointvaluesformathematicaloperationsandboolean(orlogical)valuesforcomparisonoperators.
InSpread,allarithmeticoperators(includingtheunary+)checktheirargumentsandreturna#VALUEerrorifanyoftheargumentsarestringsthatcannotbeconvertedtoanumber.Thisismathematicallycorrectbehaviorandcannotbeoverridden.Forexample,thethreeformulas+B5and0+B5and--B5shouldallproducethesameresultand,inSpread,theydo.
Becausemorethanoneoperatormaybeusedinaformula,sobesureyouunderstandtheOrderofPrecedence.
Themathematicaloperatorsandunaryoperatorsmayalsobeusedwithdate-timeandtime-spanvalues,assummarizedinUsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes.
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Order of Precedence
Whenthereareseveraloperatorsinaformula,theformulaperformstheoperationsinaspecificorder.Theformulaisparsedfromlefttoright,accordingtoaspecificorderforeachoperatororfunctionintheformula.Youcanprioritizetheorderofoperationsbyusingparenthesesintheformula.
Ifyoucombineseveraloperatorsinasingleformula,theoperationsareperformedintheordershowninthefollowingtable.Unaryoperationsprecedebinaryoperations.Ifaformulacontainsoperatorswiththesameprecedence,theoperatorsareevaluatedfromlefttoright.Tochangetheorderofevaluation,enclosethepartoftheformulatobecalculatedfirstinparentheses;thishasthehighestprecedence.Wheretheorderofprecedenceisthesamefortwooperators,theformulaisevaluatedfromlefttoright.
OrderofPrecedencefromHighesttoLowest
Operator Descriptionlefttoright Direction
() Parentheses(forgrouping)
– Negate
+ Plus
% Percent
^ Exponent
*and/ MultiplyandDivide
+and- AddandSubtract
& Concatenate
=,<,>,<=,>=,<> Compare
ReturntoOperatorsinaFormula.
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Using Operators with Dates and Times
Youcanuseseveraloftheoperatorswithdatesandtimesassummarizedhere:
Operator TypeofOperation Result
Plus +TimeSpan TimeSpan
Negate -TimeSpan TimeSpan
Add DateTime+TimeSpan DateTime
Add TimeSpan+DateTime DateTime
Add TimeSpan+TimeSpan TimeSpan
Subtract DateTime-DateTime TimeSpan
Subtract DateTime-TimeSpan DateTime
Subtract TimeSpan-TimeSpan DateTime
Thesameorderofprecedenceapplies,includinguseofparentheses,asdescribedinOrderofPrecedence.FormoreinformationaboutfunctionsthatuseandreturnDateTimeandTimeSpanobjects,refertoDateandTimeFunctions.
IfaDateTimeorTimeSpancalculationresultsinanexception(forexample,anOverflowException),theoperatorreturnsthe#NUM!error.
ReturntoOperatorsinaFormula.
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Functions in a Formula
Functionsarecodesegmentsthatperformcalculationsbyusingspecificvalues,calledarguments,inaparticularorderthatcanbeusedinformulas.Forexample,theSUMfunctionaddsvaluesorrangesofcellsandthePMTfunctioncalculatestheloanpaymentsbasedonaninterestrate,thelengthoftheloan,andtheprincipalamountoftheloan.Functionsmaybeeitherbuilt-infunctionsthatcomewithSpreadoruser‑definedfunctionsthatyoucreate.
Argumentscanbenumbers,text,logicalvalues,arrays,cellranges,cellreferences,orerrorvalues.Thevalueyouuseforanargumentmustbevalidforthegivenfunction.Argumentscanalsobeconstants,formulas,orotherfunctions.Usingafunctionasanargumentforanotherfunctionisknownasnestingafunction.Someargumentsareoptional;thisreferencedisplays"[Optional]"beforethedescriptionoftheargumentforthoseargumentsthatarenotrequired.ThesearedescribedinOptionalArguments.
Thestructureofafunctionbeginswiththefunctionname,followedbyanopeningparenthesis,theargumentsforthefunctionseparatedbycommas,andaclosingparenthesis.Ifyouareenteringthefunctionintoacelldirectly,typeanequalsign(=)beforethefunctionname.Thefollowingtopicsdescribetheformulafunctionsavailable.Eachincludesanexample.Examplesthatprovideresultsgivedecimalvaluesfor10decimalplaces.
Othertopicsthatarerelevantinclude:
CategoriesofFunctionsOptionalArgumentsMissingArgumentsVolatileFunctions
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Categories of Functions
Thesefunctionsarecategorizedintooneofthesefunctiontypes:
DatabaseFunctionsDateandTimeFunctionsEngineeringFunctionsFinancialFunctionsInformationFunctionsLogicalFunctionsLookupFunctionsMathandTrigonometryFunctionsStatisticalFunctionsTextFunctionsVolatileFunctionsWebFunctions
Foracompletelistoffunctions,listedalphabeticallybyname,refertoFormulaFunctions.
ReturntoFunctionsinaFormula.
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Database Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetodatabaseandlistmanagementare:
DAVERAGE DCOUNT DCOUNTA DGET
DMAX DMIN DPRODUCT DSTDEV
DSTDEVP DSUM DVAR DVARP
Thesefunctionsapplyamathematicalorstatisticaloperationtoasubsetofvaluesinarangeofcellstreatedasadatabase.Thedatabasetablecanbethoughtofasatwo-dimensionalarrayorganizedintorowsandcolumns.Oritcanbethoughtofasaone-dimensionalarrayofrecordswhereeachrecordisastructurethathasoneormorefields.Inthecontextofdatabasetables,theterms"row"and"record"meanthesamethingandtheterms"column"and"field"meanthesamething.Databasereferstoarangeofcellswherethefirstrowintherangerepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsintherangerepresentrecords.Thecolumnsintherangerepresentfields.
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Date and Time Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetodate-timevaluesandtime-spanvaluesare:
DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAY
DAYS DAYS360 EDATE EOMONTH
HOUR ISO.CEILING MINUTE MONTH
NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOW SECOND
TIME TIMEVALUE TODAY WEEKDAY
WEEKNUM WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL YEAR
YEARFRAC
FormostofthesefunctionsyoucanspecifythedateargumentasaDateTimeobject,asintheresultofafunctionsuchasDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asintheresultofafunctionsuchasTIME(12,0,0).ForcompatibilitywithExcel,italsoallowsdatestobespecifiedasanumber(asin37806.5)orasastring(asin"7/4/200312:00").ThenumbersandstringsareconvertedtoinstancesoftheDateTimeclass.
Datesasnumericvaluesareintheformx.y,wherexisthe"numberofdayssinceDecember30,1899"andyisthefractionofday.Numberstotheleftrepresentthedate.Timesasnumericvaluesaredecimalfractionsrangingfrom0to0.99999999,representingthetimesfrom0:00:00(12:00:00A.M.)to23:59:59(11:59:59P.M.).
Thefollowingthreeformulasproducethesameresult:
YEAR(DATE(2004,8,9))
YEAR(38208)
YEAR("8/9/2004")
InExcel,datescanrangefrom01/01/1900to12/31/9999,andinthe.NETframework,instancesoftheDateTimeclasscanrangefrom01/01/0001to12/31/9999.InSpread,wegenerallysupportthelargerrangefoundinthe.NETframework.ForExcelcompatibilitythereareafewcaseswherethefunctionallowsonlythesmallerrange(forexample,theDATEfunctioncanonlybeusedtoenterdatessince01/01/1900).
YoumayseesomedifferencesinvaluesifexportingtoorimportingfromExcel.BothExcelandOLEautomationusedoublestorepresentdatesandtimes,withtheintegerportionofthedoublerepresentingthenumberofdaysfromabasedate.InExcel,thebasedatethatisusedis01/01/1900andtheyear1900istreatedasaleapyear.InOLEautomation,Microsoftcorrectedthisbyusingthebasedateof12/31/1899.AsOLEautomationdoes,ourspreadsheetstreat1900asanon-leapyearandthususethebasedateof12/31/1899.
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Engineering Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetoengineeringcalculationsare:
BESSELI BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY
BIN2DEC BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BITAND
BITLSHIFT BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR
COMPLEX CONVERT DEC2BIN DEC2HEX
DEC2OCT DELTA ERF ERFC
ERFC.PRECISE ERF.PRECISE GESTEP HEX2BIN
HEX2DEC HEX2OCT IMABS IMAGINARY
IMARGUMENT IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH
IMCOT IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV
IMEXP IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2
IMPOWER IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC
IMSECH IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT
IMSUB IMSUM IMTAN OCT2BIN
OCT2DEC OCT2HEX
Formoreinformationontheengineeringfunctionsthatinvolvecomplexnumbers,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Complex Numbers in Engineering Functions
Manyoftheengineeringfunctionsinvolvecomplexnumbers.Acomplexnumberconsistsoftwoparts,arealpartandanimaginarypart.Youcanthinkofacomplexnumberasbeingapoint(x,y)inaplane.Youcanthinkofarealnumberasbeingapoint(x,0)onthex-axisoftheplane.Notethatrealnumbersareasubsetofcomplexnumberswithzeroforthecoefficientoftheimaginarypart.
Thereisnotacomplexnumberdatatype.Instead,complexnumbersarerepresentedusingstringsoftheform"x+yi"wherexandyarerealnumbersandxistherealpartandyiistheimaginarypart.Forexample:
"2+3i"
"1.23E4+5.67E8i"
Notethatifeithertherealpartortheimaginarypartiszerothenthezeropartcanbeoptionallyomittedfromthetextrepresentation.Forexample:
"3"isequivalentto"3+0i"
"4i"isequivalentto"0+4i"
Sincerealnumbersareasubsetofcomplexnumbers,arealnumbercanbeusedinplaceofastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:
3isequivalentto"3+0i"
Thefunctionsthatreturnacomplexnumberreturnastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:
COMPLEX(3,5)returns"3+5i"
Thefunctionsthatacceptacomplexnumbercanaccepteitheranumberorastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:
IMSUM("1+2i","3+4i")returns"4+6i"
IMSUM(1,3)returns"4"
WhenastringcannotbeconvertedtoanumberSpreadreturnsa#VALUEerror.Forexample:
COS("abc")returns#VALUE!
IMCOS("abc")returns#VALUE!
Spreadallowseithersuffix"j"orthesuffix"i"todenotetheimaginarypart.Forexample:
"3+4j"isequivalentto"3+4i"
Spreadallowsmixedsuffixesintheagivenformulaandalwaysreturnsthe"i"suffix.Forexample:
IMSUM("1+2i","3+4i")returns"4+6i"
IMSUM("1+2j","3+4j")returns"4+6i"
IMSUM("1+2i","3+4j")returns"4+6i"
Spreaddoesnotallowspacesbeforetherealpartorbeforetheimaginarypart.Forexample:
IMABS("3+4i")returns5
IMABS("3+4i")returns#VALUE!
IMABS("3+4i")returns#VALUE!
IMABS("3+4i")returns#VALUE!
ReturntoEngineeringFunctions.
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
Spread Formula Reference 40
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Financial Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetofinancialcalculationssuchasinterestcalculationsare:
ACCRINT ACCRINTM AMORDEGRC AMORLINC
COUPDAYS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYSNC COUPNCD
COUPNUM COUPPCD CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)
CUMPRINC(on-linedocumentation)
DB DDB DISC DOLLAR
DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DURATION EFFECT
EUROCONVERT FV FVSCHEDULE INTRATE
IPMT IRR ISPMT MDURATION
MIRR NOMINAL NPER NPV
ODDFPRICE ODDFYIELD ODDLPRICE ODDLYIELD
PDURATION PMT PPMT PRICE
PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PV RATE
RECEIVED RRI SLN SYD
TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD VDB
XIRR XNPV YIELD YIELDDISC
YIELDMAT
Forthefinancialfunctionsthatuseit,refertoDayCountBasis.
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
Fortheargumentsofsomeofthesefunctionsandfortheresultsofsomeofthesefunctions,moneypaidoutisrepresentedbynegativenumbersandmoneyyoureceiveisrepresentedbypositivenumbers.Howthecurrencyvaluesaredisplayeddependsuponhowyousetupthecelltypeandtheformatsettings.
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Day Count Basis
Formanyofthefinancialfunctions,thedaycountbasisisused:
BasisNumber DayCountBasis0(oromitted) UnitedStatesofAmerica(NASD)30/360
1 Actual/Actual
2 Actual/360
3 Actual/365
4 European30/360
[NASDistheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealers.]
ReturntoFinancialFunctions.
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Information Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetoinformationaboutacellorthevalueinacellare:
CELL COUNTBLANK ERRORTYPE ERROR.TYPE
INFO ISBLANK ISERR ISERROR
ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL ISNA
ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISODD ISREF
ISTEXT N NA SHEET
SHEETS TYPE
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Logical Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetologicaloperationsare:
AND FALSE IF IFERROR
IFNA IFS NOT OR
SWITCH TRUE XOR
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Lookup Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetoreferencingandfindingotherpartsofthespreadsheetare:
ADDRESS AREAS CHOOSE COLUMN
COLUMNS FORMULATEXT HLOOKUP HYPERLINK
INDEX INDIRECT LOOKUP MATCH
OFFSET ROW ROWS RTD
TRANSPOSE VLOOKUP XLOOKUP XMATCH
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Math and Trigonometry Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetomathematicalcalculationsare:
ABS ACOS ACOSH ACOT
ACOTH AGGREGATE ARABIC ASIN
ASINH ATAN ATAN2 ATANH
BASE CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE
COMBIN COMBINA COS COSH
COT COTH CSC CSCH
DECIMAL DEGREES EVEN EXP
FACT FACTDOUBLE FLOOR FLOOR.MATH
FLOOR.PRECISE GCD INT ISO.CEILING
LCM LN LOG LOG10
MDETERM MINVERSE MMULT MOD
MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT ODD
PI POWER PRODUCT QUOTIENT
RADIANS RAND RANDBETWEEN ROMAN
ROUND ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP SEC
SECH SERIESSUM SIGN SIN
SINH SQRT SQRTPI SUBTOTAL
SUM SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT
SUMSQ SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2
TAN TANH TRUNC
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Statistical Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetostatisticaloperationsare:
AVEDEV AVERAGE AVERAGEA AVERAGEIF
AVERAGEIFS BETADIST BETA.DIST BETAINV
BETA.INV BINOMDIST BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE
BINOM.INV CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST
CHISQ.DIST.RT CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT CHISQ.TEST
CHITEST CONFIDENCE CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T
CORREL COUNT COUNTIF COUNTIFS
COUNTA COVAR COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S
CRITBINOM DEVSQ EXPONDIST EXPON.DIST
FDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT FINV
F.INV F.INV.RT FISHER FISHERINV
FORECAST FREQUENCY FTEST F.TEST
GAMMA GAMMADIST GAMMA.DIST GAMMAINV
GAMMA.INV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS
GEOMEAN GROWTH HARMEAN HYPGEOMDIST
HYPGEOM.DIST INTERCEPT KURT LARGE
LINEST LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORMDIST
LOGNORM.DIST LOGNORM.INV MAX MAXA
MAXIFS MEDIAN MIN MINA
MINIFS MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL
NEGBINOMDIST NEGBINOM.DIST NORMDIST NORM.DIST
NORMINV NORM.INV NORMSDIST NORM.S.DIST
NORMSINV NORM.S.INV PEARSON PERCENTILE
PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK PERCENTRANK.EXC
PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA PHI
POISSON POISSON.DIST PROB QUARTILE
QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC RANK RANK.AVG
RANK.EQ RSQ SKEW SKEW.P
SLOPE SMALL STANDARDIZE STDEV
STDEVA STDEVP STDEV.P STDEVPA
STDEV.S STEYX TDIST T.DIST
T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT TINV T.INV
T.INV.2T TREND TRIMMEAN TTEST
T.TEST VAR VARA VARP
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VAR.P VARPA VAR.S WEIBULL
WEIBULL.DIST ZTEST Z.TEST
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Text Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetohandlingtextare:
ASC BAHTTEXT CHAR CLEAN
CODE CONCAT CONCATENATE DBCS
DOLLAR EXACT FIND FINDB
FIXED JIS LEFT LEFTB
LEN LENB LOWER MID
MIDB NUMBERVALUE PROPER REPLACE
REPLACEB REPT RIGHT RIGHTB
SEARCH SEARCHB SUBSTITUTE T
TEXT TEXTJOIN TRIM UPPER
UNICHAR UNICODE USDOLLAR VALUE
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Web Functions
Thefunctionsthatrelatetoweb-basedoperationsare:
ENCODEURL FILTERXML WEBSERVICE
ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.
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Optional Arguments
Somefunctionshaveavariablenumberofargumentswithsome(typicallythelast)argumentsbeingoptional.ThesearedisplayedinthisreferencewiththewordOptionalinbrackets"[Optional]"beforetheargumentinthetableofarguments.Forexample,considerthepaymentfunction(PMT)whichhasfiveargumentswiththelasttwobeingoptional.InSpread,youcanmakeanyofthefollowingcalls:
PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv)
PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,)
PMT(rate,nper,pv,,type)
PMT(rate,nper,pv,,)
PMT(rate,nper,pv)
Theoptionalargumentsmaybeomitted.Anymissingoptionalargumentishandledwiththedefaultvaluebeingpassed.Forexample
FIXED(1234.5678,,FALSE)
evaluatesthesameas
FIXED(1234.5678,2,FALSE)
sincethedefaultvalueforthenumberofdecimalplacesis2.
SeemoreaboutMissingArguments.
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Missing Arguments
Missingargumentsareintendedtobeusedwithfunctionsthathaveoptionalarguments(asdiscussedinOptionalArguments).Ifamissingargumentispassedinforarequiredargumentthenthefunctionwillevaluatetothe#N/Aerror.
SeemoreaboutResultantErrorValues.
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Volatile Functions
Formulasthatcontainvolatilefunctionsarerecalculatedeverytimeanyotherfunctionisrecalculated.IftheEnableCrossSheetReferencespropertyforthecontrolisfalse,thenthefunctionsarerecalculatedonlyonthesheetwherethechangesoccur.
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Array Formulas
Youcanusearrayformulaswiththecontrol.
Anarrayformulacanperformmultiplecalculationsononeormoreitemsinanarray.Arrayformulascanreturnmultipleresultsorasingleresult.
Tocreateanarrayformula,selectthecellsyouwishtoputtheformulain,typetheformula,andthenuseCtrl+Shift+Enter.Thisputsbracesaroundtheformulaandplacesaninstanceoftheformulaineachcelloftheselectedrange.
Inordertoremoveorchangeanarrayformula,youmustselecttheoriginalformularangefirst.
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Arrays in a Formula
Formulasmayincludefunctionsthatoperateonarrays.Spreadsupportsarrayconstantsinformulas.Usecurlybrackets{}toenclosethearrayelements.Useacommatoseparateelementswithinarow.Useasemicolontoseparaterowswithinthearray.Individualelementscanbenumbervalues,textvalues,logicalvalues,orerrorvalues.Someexamplesofarraysare:
CORREL({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})
CORREL({73000,45000,40360},{42,70,40})
ROWS({1,2,3;4,5,6})
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
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Dynamic Array Formulas
Dynamicarrayformulasareusefulespeciallywhenuserswanttoimplementeffectiveutilizationofdatacacheinthespreadsheets.Thisispossiblebecausetheseformulasallowrandomaccesswithlowmemoryfootprints.
Whenacellcontainsadynamicarrayformula,multiplevaluesarereturnedbecausetheelementsofthearrayspillintotheadjacentemptycells.Unlikegenericarrays,dynamicarraysautomaticallyresizewhenthedataisinsertedorremovedfromthesourcerange.
SpilledArrayFormulas
Dynamicarrayformulasthatreturnmorethanoneresultandspillsuccessfullytothenearbycellswithvaluesspanningtoacellrangecontainingmultiplerowsandcolumnsareknownasspilledarrayformulas.
Note:SpilledarrayformulasarenotsupportedinTables.However,whileworkingwithdynamicarrayformulasthatspilltoanumberofrowsandcolumns,thecellrangesusedinthespreadsheetscanbeformattedexplicitlytoappearliketables.
Formoreinformationondynamicarrayformulasanditsexamples,refertothefollowingtopics:
1. UNIQUE2. SORT3. SORTBY4. RANDARRAY5. SEQUENCE6. SINGLE7. FILTER
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Data Types Using Formulas
WhenyouassigncelldatausingtheTextproperty,thespreadsheetusesthecelltypetoparsetheassignedstringintotheneededdatatype.Forexample,aNumberCellTypeparsesastringintoadoubledatatype.WhenyouassignthecelldatausingtheValueproperty,thespreadsheetacceptstheassignedobjectasisandnoparsingoccurs,soifyousetitwithastring,itremainsastring.Somenumericfunctions(forexample,SUM)ignorenon-numericvaluesinacellrange.Forexample,ifthecellrangeA1:A3containsthevalues{1,"2",3},thentheformulaSUM(A1:A3)evaluatesto4becausetheSUMfunctionignoresthestring"2".Besurethatyousetthevaluecorrectlyforanycellsusedinthecalculationofaformulaandthatyousetthemwiththecorrectdatatype.
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Custom Functions in Formulas
Formulasmayincludecustom,user-definedfunctions.Ifyouhavefunctionsthatyouuseonaregularbasisthatarenotinthebuilt-infunctionsoryouwishtocombinesomeofthebuilt-infunctionsintoasinglefunction,youcandosobydefiningyourowncustomfunctions.Theycanbecalledasyouwouldcallanyofthebuilt-infunctions.Customfunctionscanhaveupto255arguments.
DuplicateFunctionNames
Acustomfunctioncanhavethesamenameasabuilt-infunction.Thecustomfunctiontakespriorityoverthebuilt-infunction.Customfunctionsaredynamicallylinkedatevaluationtime.Thus,theapplicationcanredefineanexistingcustomfunction.
ExcelFunctionNames
InSpread,theHYPERLINKfunctionistreatedasacustomfunctionsincewedonothavethatasabuilt-infunction.AcustomfunctioninSpreadgetsexportedasacustomfunctioninExcel.However,thereisnowaytoexporttheimplementationofthecustomfunction.Thus,Excelseestheexportedcustomfunctionasanunimplementedcustomfunctionwhichevaluatestothe#NAME?error.Whenyouenterorleaveeditmodeviatheformulabar,Excelreparsestheformulaandrecognizesthefunctionasthebuilt-inHYPERLINKfunction.Unfortunately,thereisnowaytotelltheSpreadcontrolthatagivencustomfunctioninSpreadshouldbeexportedasabuilt-infunctioninExcel.
SupposetheapplicationneedsanExcelfunctionthatSpreaddoesnotsupport.TheapplicationwouldhavetosupplyacustomfunctiontomimictheExcelfunction.Spread'simplementationofacustomfunctioncannotbeexportedtoanExcelfile,sothecustomfunctiongetsexportedasanundefinedcustomfunction.InExcel,anundefinedcustomfunctionwillevaluatetothe#VALUE!error.WhenyouentereditmodeandthenleaveeditmodeinExcel,Excelwillreparsetheformula(evenifyoumadenochangestotheformula).Duringreparsing,Excelwilltreatthefunctionasthebuilt-infunction(insteadofacustomfunction).Theformulawillthenevaluatetotheexpectedvalue(insteadofthe#VALUE!error).YourexampleofaproblemformuladoesnotappeartofallintotheabovedescribedscenariobecausetheformulaonlyusestheMAXandSUMfunctions.However,itisstillpossiblethattheformulacouldbereferencingacellthatusesacustomfunctionwhichwouldgetyoubackintotheabovedescribedscenario.Editingthereferencedcellwouldgetridofthe#VALUE!errorinthereferencedcell.Therecalculationswouldcascadebackthecellinquestion.
SeeAlso
RefertotheproductDeveloper’sGuideformoredetailsonhowtocreateacustomfunction.
RefertotheproductAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomfunctions.
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Custom Names in Formulas
Formulasmayincludecustom,user-definednames.Customnamesareidentifierstorepresentinformationinthespreadsheet.Acustomnamecanrefertoacell,arangeofcells,acomputedvalue,oraformula.(MethodsthatdealwithcustomnamesprovidethesamefunctionalityastheNameinExcel.)Acustomnamecancontainupto255charactersandcanincludeletters,numbers,orunderscores.Thefirstcharactermustbealetteroranunderscore.
Thename'svaluecanbeassignedorretrievedaseitherastringobjectorasanexpressionobject.RefertotheAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomnames.
FromtheexampleinC#:
dataModel.AddCustomName("Total",newFarPoint.CalcEngine.CellExpression(3,2));
anamecalledTotaliscreatedthatrepresentsthecellatabsolutelocation3,2.AssumingA1notation(ReferenceStyle=A1),thenthiswouldbeequivalentto:
dataModel.AddCustomName("Total","$D$3",0,0);
InExcel,thiswouldbeequivalentto:
Name:TotalRefersTo:=$D$3
Oncethenameisdefined,thenamecanbeusedinformulas.Whentheformulaisevaluated,thename'svalueisreferencedandevaluated.Giventheabovedefinition,thefollowingtwoformulaassignmentswouldproducethesameresult:
spread.ActiveSheet.SetFormula(0,0,"Total");spread.ActiveSheet.SetFormula(0,0,"$D$3");
NotethatthestringversionsoftheAddCustomNameandGetCustomNamemethodstakethebaseroworbasecolumnarguments.TheseargumentsareusedtoparseorunparserelativeaddressesinA1notation.TheseargumentsareignoredwhenusingabsoluteaddressesorwhenusingR1C1notation.A1notationrequiresabaselocationfromwhichtherelativeoffsetiscomputed.
Forexample:
dataModel.AddCustomName("Beta","D3",0,0);//sameas"R[2]C[3]"dataModel.AddCustomName("Gamma","D3",4,4);//sameas"R[-2]C[-1]"
Inotherwords,cellD3is+3/+2fromcellA1but-1/-2fromcellE5.InExcel,theInsert>Name>Definedialogusestheactivecellasthebaselocation.
RefertotheproductDeveloper’sGuideformoredetailsonhowtocreateacustomname.
RefertotheAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomnames.
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
Spread Formula Reference 59
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Resultant Error Values
Thevaluesthatcanbedisplayedinacellasaresultofaninvalidentryorinvalidformulaareasfollows:
Value Description#DIV/0! Thisdisplayswhenaformulaincludesadivisionbyzeroorwhenaformulauses,inthedivisor,acell
referencetoablankcellortoacellthatcontainszero.
#N/A Thisdisplayswhenavalueisnotavailabletoafunctionorformulaorwhenanargumentinanarrayformulaisnotthesamesizeastherangethatcontainsthearrayformula.
#NAME? Thisdisplayswhentextinaformulaisnotrecognizedorwhenthenameofafunctionismisspelled,orwhenincludingtextwithoutusingdoublequotationmarks.Thiscanalsohappenwhenyouomitacolon(:)inacellrangereference.
#NULL! Thisdisplayswhenyouspecifyanintersectionoftwoareasthatdonotintersect.Possiblecausesincludeamistypedreferenceoperatororamistypedcellreference.
#NUM! Thisdisplayswhenanumberinaformulaorfunctioncannotbecalculated,whenaformulaproducesanumberthatistoolargeortoosmalltorepresent,orwhenusinganunacceptableargumentinafunctionthatrequiresanumber.Ifyouareusingafunctionthatiterates,suchasIRRorRATE,andthefunctioncannotfindaresult,thisvalueisdisplayed.
#REF! Thisdisplayswhenacellreferenceisnotvalidorwhenyoudeletedcellsreferredtobyaformula.
#VALUE! Thisdisplayswhenthewrongtypeofargumentoroperandisused,suchasusingtextwhentheformularequiresanumberoralogicalvalue,orusingarangeinsteadofasinglevalue.
ReturntotheFormulaOverview.
Spread Formula Reference 60
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Formula Functions
Spread.NETprovidesthesebuilt-infunctions,listedalphabetically.
Foralistoffunctionsbytype,refertoCategoriesofFunctions.
FunctionsAtoC
ABS ACCRINT ACCRINTM ACOS
ACOSH ACOT ACOTH ADDRESS
AGGREGATE AMORDEGRC AMORLINC AND
ARABIC AREAS ASC ASIN
ASINH ATAN ATAN2 ATANH
AVEDEV AVERAGE AVERAGEA AVERAGEIF
AVERAGEIFS BAHTTEXT BASE BESSELI
BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY BETA.DIST
BETA.INV BETADIST BETAINV BIN2DEC
BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE
BINOM.INV BINOMDIST BITAND BITLSHIFT
BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR CALL
CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE CELL
CHAR CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST
CHISQ.DIST.RT CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT CHISQ.TEST
CHITEST CHOOSE CLEAN CODE
COLUMN COLUMNS COMBIN COMBINA
COMPLEX CONCAT CONCATENATE CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T CONVERT CORREL
COS COSH COT COTH
COUNT COUNTA COUNTBLANK COUNTIF
COUNTIFS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYS COUPDAYSNC
COUPNCD COUPNUM COUPPCD COVAR
COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S CRITBINOM CSC
CSCH CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)
CUMPRINC(on-linedocumentation)
FunctionsDtoG
DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAVERAGE
DAY DAYS DAYS360 DB
DBCS DCOUNT DCOUNTA DDB
DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT DECIMAL
DEGREES DELTA DEVSQ DGET
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DISC DMAX DMIN DOLLAR
DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DPRODUCT DSTDEV
DSTDEVP DSUM DURATION DVAR
DVARP EDATE EFFECT ENCODEURL
EOMONTH ERF ERF.PRECISE ERFC
ERFC.PRECISE ERROR.TYPE ERRORTYPE EUROCONVERT
EVEN EXACT EXP EXPON.DIST
EXPONDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT F.INV
F.INV.RT F.TEST FACT FACTDOUBLE
FALSE FDIST FILTER FILTERXML
FIND FINDB FINV FISHER
FISHERINV FIXED FLOOR FLOOR.MATH
FLOOR.PRECISE FORECAST FORECAST.LINEAR FORMULATEXT
FREQUENCY FTEST FV FVSCHEDULE
GAMMA GAMMA.DIST GAMMA.INV GAMMADIST
GAMMAINV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS
GCD GEOMEAN GESTEP GROWTH
FunctionsHtoL
HARMEAN HEX2BIN HEX2DEC HEX2OCT
HLOOKUP HOUR HYPERLINK HYPGEOM.DIST
HYPGEOMDIST IF IFERROR IFNA
IFS IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT
IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH IMCOT
IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV IMEXP
IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER
IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC IMSECH
IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT IMSUB
IMSUM IMTAN INDEX INDIRECT
INFO INT INTERCEPT INTRATE
IPMT IRR ISBLANK ISERR
ISERROR ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL
ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISO.CEILING
ISODD ISOWEEKNUM ISPMT ISREF
ISTEXT JIS KURT LARGE
LCM LEFT LEFTB LEN
LENB LINEST LN LOG
LOG10 LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORM.DIST
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOGNORM.INV LOGNORMDIST LOOKUP LOWER
FunctionsMtoQ
MATCH MAX MAXA MAXIFS
MDETERM MDURATION MEDIAN MID
MIDB MIN MINA MINIFS
MINUTE MINVERSE MIRR MMULT
MOD MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL
MONTH MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT
N NA NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST
NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOMINAL NORM.DIST
NORM.INV NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.INV NORMDIST
NORMINV NORMSDIST NORMSINV NOT
NOW NPER NPV NUMBERVALUE
OCT2BIN OCT2DEC OCT2HEX ODD
ODDFPRICE ODDFYIELD ODDLPRICE ODDLYIELD
OFFSET OR PDURATION PEARSON
PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK
PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA
PHI PHONETIC PI PMT
POISSON POISSON.DIST POWER PPMT
PRICE PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PROB
PRODUCT PROPER PV QUARTILE
QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC QUOTIENT
FunctionsRtoS
RADIANS RAND RANDARRAY RANDBETWEEN
RANK RANK.AVG RANK.EQ RATE
RECEIVED REPLACE REPLACEB REPT
RIGHT RIGHTB ROMAN ROUND
ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP ROW ROWS
RRI RSQ RTD SEARCH
SEARCHB SEC SECH SECOND
SERIESSUM SEQUENCE SHEET SHEETS
SIGN SIN SINH SINGLE
SKEW SKEW.P SLN SLOPE
SMALL SORT SORTBY SQRT
SQRTPI STANDARDIZE STDEV STDEV.P
STDEV.S STDEVA STDEVP STDEVPA
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
STEYX SUBSTITUTE SUBTOTAL SUM
SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT SUMSQ
SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2 SWITCH
SYD
FunctionsTtoZ
T T.DIST T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT
T.INV T.INV.2T T.TEST TAN
TANH TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD
TDIST TEXT TEXTJOIN TIME
TIMEVALUE TINV TODAY TRANSPOSE
TREND TRIM TRIMMEAN TRUE
TRUNC TTEST TYPE UNICHAR
UNICODE UNIQUE UPPER USDOLLAR
VALUE VAR VAR.P VAR.S
VARA VARP VARPA VDB
VLOOKUP WEBSERVICE WEEKDAY WEEKNUM
WEIBULL WEIBULL.DIST WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL
XIRR XLOOKUP XMATCH XNPV
XOR YEAR YEARFRAC YIELD
YIELDDISC YIELDMAT Z.TEST ZTEST
Formoreinformationonhowtousethesefunctions,refertotheFormulaOverview,andtothechapteronManagingFormulasintheproductDevelopersGuide.
ReturntotheFormulaReference.
Spread Formula Reference 64
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions A to C
FunctionsAtoC
ABS ACCRINT ACCRINTM ACOS
ACOSH ACOT ACOTH ADDRESS
AGGREGATE AMORDEGRC AMORLINC AND
ARABIC AREAS ASC ASIN
ASINH ATAN ATAN2 ATANH
AVEDEV AVERAGE AVERAGEA AVERAGEIF
AVERAGEIFS BAHTTEXT BASE BESSELI
BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY BETA.DIST
BETA.INV BETADIST BETAINV BIN2DEC
BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE
BINOM.INV BINOMDIST BITAND BITLSHIFT
BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR CALL
CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE CELL
CHAR CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST
CHISQ.DIST.RT CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT CHISQ.TEST
CHITEST CHOOSE CLEAN CODE
COLUMN COLUMNS COMBIN COMBINA
COMPLEX CONCAT CONCATENATE CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T CONVERT CORREL
COS COSH COT COTH
COUNT COUNTA COUNTBLANK COUNTIF
COUNTIFS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYS COUPDAYSNC
COUPNCD COUPNUM COUPPCD COVAR
COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S CRITBINOM CSC
CSCH CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)
CUMPRINC(on-linedocumentation)
Spread Formula Reference 65
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ABS
Thisfunctioncalculatestheabsolutevalueofthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
ABS(value)
ABS(expression)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeeitheravalueoranexpressionasanargument.
Remarks
Thisfunctionturnsnegativevaluesintopositivevalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ABS(R3C2)
ABS(B3)
ABS(-4) gives the result 4
ABS(14-24) gives the result 10
ABS(4) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SIGN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 66
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ACCRINT
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaccruedinterestforasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.
Syntax
ACCRINT(issue,first,settle,rate,par,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionissue Datethatthesecurityisissued
first Firstdateforcalculatingtheinterestforthesecurity
settle Settlementdateforthesecurity
rate Annualinterestrateforthesecurity
par [Optional]Parvalueforthesecurity;ifomitted,thecalculationusesavalueof$1,000
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionrequiresthattheissueislessthanthesettlement(otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned).Iftherateorparislessthanorequalto0,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthefrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthebasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ACCRINT(A1,A2,A3,B4,D9,E9,0)
ACCRINT(DATE(2003,1,1),DATE(2003,1,7),DATE(2005,1,7),0.5,1000,2) gives the result 1008.33333
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACCRINTM|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 67
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ACCRINTM
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaccruedinterestatmaturityforasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.
Syntax
ACCRINTM(issue,maturity,rate,par,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionissue Datethatthesecurityisissued
maturity Maturitydateforsecurity
rate Annualinterestrateforthesecurity
par [Optional]Parvalueforthesecurity;ifomitted,thecalculationusesavalueof$1,000
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionrequiresthatissueisavaliddate(otherwisea#Value!errorisreturned).Iftherateorparislessthanorequalto0,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthebasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iftheissueislessthanthesettlement,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ACCRINTM(A2,A3,B4,D9,3)
ACCRINTM(R1C1,R2C3,R4C2,R9C4,3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACCRINT|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 68
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ACOS
Thisfunctioncalculatesthearccosine,thatis,theanglewhosecosineisthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
ACOS(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifythecosineoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.
Remarks
Theresultangleisinradiansbetween0(zero)andPI(pi).Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ACOS(B3)
ACOS(R3C2)
ACOS(0.5) gives the result 1.0471975512
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOSH|ASIN|COS|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 69
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ACOSH
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperboliccosineofthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
ACOSH(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumbergreaterthanorequalto1.
Remarks
Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperboliccosine,soACOSH(COSH(n))givestheresultn.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ACOSH(B3)
ACOSH(R3C2)
ACOSH(1) gives the result 0
ACOSH(10) gives the result 2.9932228461
ACOS(R3C2)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOS|ASINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 70
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ACOT
Thisfunctionreturnsthearccotangent(inverseofthecotangent)ofthespecifiednumericvalue.
Syntax
ACOT(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifythecotangentoftheangleyouwanttoreturn.Theargumentshouldbearealnumber.
Remarks
Theresultantangleisinradiansanditsvalueliesbetween0(zero)andPI(pi).Ifyouwanttoconverttheresultfromradianstodegrees,multiplytheresultantvalueby180/PI.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ACOT(5)givestheresult0.1973
ACOT(10)givestheresult0.0996
ACOT(15)givestheresult0.0665
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 71
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ACOTH
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperboliccotangentofthespecifiednumericvalue.
Syntax
ACOTH(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanynumberwhoseabsolutevalueisgreaterthan1.
Remarks
Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperboliccotangent.Ifthespecifiednumberislessthan1,thisfunctionreturnsa#NUM!errorvalue.Ifthespecifiednumberisnotanumericvalue,itreturnsa#VALUE!error.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ACOTH(8)givestheresult0.1256
ACOTH(12)givestheresult0.0835
ACOTH(4)givestheresult0.2554
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 72
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ADDRESS
Thisfunctionusestherowandcolumnnumberstocreateacelladdressintext.
Syntax
ADDRESS(row,column,absnum,a1style,sheettext)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrow Rownumberinthecellreference
column8 Columnnumberinthecellreference
absnum [Optional]Typeofreferencetoreturn;canbeanyof:
Value-TypeofCellReferenceReturned
1oromitted-Absolute
2-Absoluterow,relativecolumn
3-Relativerow,absolutecolumn
4-Relative
a1style [Optional]LogicalvaluethatindicateswhetherthereferencestyleisA1;ifTRUEoromitted,thestyleisA1;ifFALSE,thenthestyleisR1C1
sheettext [Optional]Nameofthesheettouseasanexternalreference;ifomitted,nosheetnameisused
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
ADDRESS(2,4,2,FALSE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COLUMNS|ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 73
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AGGREGATE
Thisfunctioncalculatesanaggregatevalueinalistordatabase.
Syntax
AGGREGATE(functionnum,options,reference1,reference2,…)
or
AGGREGATE(functionnum,options,array,k)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionfunctionnum Referstothenumbercodethatspecifiesthefunctiontouse(seetablebelow).
options Referstothenumericalvaluethatdetermineswhichvaluesmustbeignoredintheevaluationrangeforthefunction(seetablebelow)
reference1 Referstotheargumentforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.
reference2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionalargumentsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.
array Referstoanarray,arrayformula,orareferencetoarangeofcellsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.
k Referstotheadditionalargumentsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.
Thefunctionnumargumentisthenumberthatrepresentsthebuilt-infunctiontouse,asgiveninthistable.
Built-InFunction FunctionCodeAVERAGE 1
COUNT 2
COUNTA 3
MAX 4
MIN 5
PRODUCT 6
STDEV.S 7
STDEV.P 8
SUM 9
VAR.S 10
VAR.P 11
MEDIAN 12
MODE.SNGL 13
LARGE 14
SMALL 15
PERCENTILE.INC 16
QUARTILE.INC 17
PERCENTILE.EXC 18
QUARTILE.EXC 19
Theoptionsargumenthasthefollowingoptions.
Spread Formula Reference 74
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Option Description0oromitted IgnorenestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions
1 IgnorehiddenrowsandnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions
2 IgnoreerrorvaluesandnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions
3 Ignorehiddenrows,errorvalues,andnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions
4 Ignorenothing
5 Ignorehiddenrows
6 Ignoreerrorvalues
7 Ignorehiddenrowsanderrorvalues
Remarks
Thisfunctionisdesignedforcolumnsofdata,orverticalcellrange.Thisfunctionhasanoptiontoignorehiddenrowsanderrorvalues.
Ifasecondreferenceargumentisrequiredbutitisnotprovidedbytheuser,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.Also,ifoneormoreofthereferencesare3-Dreferences,a#VALUE!errorvalueisreturned.
Thereference2argumentisoptional;however,thefollowingfunctionsarerequiredinthisargument.
LARGESMALLPERCENTILE.INCQUARTILE.INCPERCENTILE.EXCQUARTILE.EXC
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericvalues.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AGGREGATE(14,6,B1:B7,3) gives the result 5, where B1:B7 is the cell range containing a numeric list.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 75
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AMORDEGRC
Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationforanaccountingperiod,takingintoconsiderationprorateddepreciation,andappliesadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationbasedonthelifeoftheassets.
Syntax
AMORDEGRC(cost,datepurchased,firstperiod,salvage,period,drate,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Costoftheasset
datepurchased Purchasedateoftheasset
firstperiod Enddateofthefirstperiod
salvage Salvagevalueattheendofthelifeoftheasset
period Accountingperiod
drate Rateofdepreciation
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationuntilthelastperiodoftheassetlifeoruntilthetotalvalueofdepreciationisgreaterthanthecostoftheassetsminusthesalvagevalue.Thedepreciationcoefficientsare:
Lifeofassets DepreciationCoefficientBetween3and4years 1.5
Between5and6years 2
Morethan6years 2.5
Thedepreciationratewillgrowto50percentfortheperiodproceedingthelastperiodandwillgrowto100percentforthelastperiod.Ifthelifeofassetsisbetween0(zero)and1,1and2,2and3,or4and5,the#NUM!errorvalueisreturned.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromAMORLINC,whichdoesnotapplyadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationdependingonthelifeoftheassets.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AMORDEGRC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7)
AMORDEGRC(2800,DATE(2003,9,4),DATE(2006,12,31),200,1,0.02,1) gives the result 117
VersionAvailable
Spread Formula Reference 76
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AMORLINC|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 77
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AMORLINC
Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationforanaccountingperiod,takingintoaccountprorateddepreciation.
Syntax
AMORLINC(cost,datepurchased,firstperiod,salvage,period,drate,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Costoftheasset
datepurchased Purchasedateoftheasset
firstperiod Enddateofthefirstperiod
salvage Salvagevalueattheendofthelifeoftheasset
period Accountingperiod
drate Rateofdepreciation
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis)
Remarks
ThisfunctiondiffersfromAMORDEGRC,whichappliesadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationdependingonthelifeoftheassets.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AMORLINC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AMORDEGRC|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 78
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AND
ThisfunctioncalculateslogicalAND.
Syntax
AND(bool1,bool2,...)
AND(array)
AND(array1,array2,...)
AND(expression)
AND(expression1,expression2,...)
Arguments
Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,providenumeric(0or1)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)forupto255arguments.Youcanalsospecifyasinglearrayinsteadoflistingthevaluesseparately,orupto255arrays.Youcanalsospecifythelogicalargumentasanexpression.
Remarks
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifallitsargumentsaretrue;otherwise,returnsFALSEifatleastoneargumentisfalse.
DataTypes
Acceptslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE)ornumericalvalues(0or1).Returnslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE).
Examples
AND(D12,E12)
AND(R12C42,R12C5,R12C1)
AND(D2:D12)
AND(R12C1:R12C9)
AND(true,true,true) gives the result TRUE
AND(TRUE(),FALSE()) gives the result FALSE
AND(5+3=8,5+1=6) gives the result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NOT|OR|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 79
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ARABIC
ThisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedRomanvaluetoanArabicvalue.
Syntax
ARABIC(text)
Arguments
Fortheargument,astringenclosedinquotationmarksorareferencetothecell(posessingtextvalueonly)canbespecified.
Remarks
Inthisfunction,specifyingthetextinlowercaseoruppercasedoesn'tmatterbecausethecaseoftheargument(suppliedasatext value)isignored.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ARABIC("XIXI")givestheresult20
ARABIC("LIV")givestheresult54
ARABIC(C2)givestheresult61whereC2isacellreferencecontainingthetextvalueLXI.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 80
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AREAS
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofareasinthespecifiedreference.
Syntax
AREAS(reference)
Arguments
Specifythecellreferencefortheargument.
Remarks
Inthisfunction,singleargumentcanrefertomultipleareas.Todoso,extrasetofparenthesesisused.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferenceforargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AREAS(B7:D9)givestheresult1
AREAS((B2:D4,E5,F6:I9))givestheresult3
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 81
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ASC
Thisfunctiontransformsfull-width(double-byte)characterstohalf-width(single-byte)characters.
Syntax
ASC(text)
Arguments
Forthearguments,youneedtogiveeitheratextvalueorareferencetoacellcontainingthetexttobechanged.
Remarks
Ifthetextdoesnotcontainfull-widthletters,thenthetextisnotchanged.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
ASC("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 82
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ASIN
Thisfunctioncalculatesthearcsine,thatis,theanglewhosesineisthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
ASIN(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,specifythesineoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.
Remarks
Theresultangleisinradiansbetween–PI/2andPI/2.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ASIN(B3)
ASIN(R3C2)
ASIN(0.5) gives the result 0.5235987756
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOS|SIN|SINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 83
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ASINH
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperbolicsineofanumber.
Syntax
ASINH(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumber.
Remarks
Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperbolicsine,soASINH(SINH(n))givestheresultn.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ASINH(E4)
ASINH(R4C5)
ASINH(-5.5) gives the result -2.40606
ASINH(100) gives the result 5.2983423656
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOSH|ASIN|SIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 84
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ATAN
Thisfunctioncalculatesthearctangent,thatis,theanglewhosetangentisthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
ATAN(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,specifythetangentoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.
Remarks
Theresultangleisinradiansbetween–PI/2andPI/2.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ATAN(B3)
ATAN(R3C2)
ATAN(1) gives the result 0.7853981634
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOS|ASIN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 85
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ATAN2
Thisfunctioncalculatesthearctangentofthespecifiedx-andy-coordinates.
Syntax
ATAN2(x,y)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakerealnumbersasarguments.
Remarks
Thearctangentistheanglefromthex-axistoalinecontainingtheorigin(0,0)andapointwithcoordinates(x,y).
Theresultisgiveninradiansbetween–PIandPI,excluding–PI.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ATAN2(A1,E3)
ATAN2(R1C1,R3C5)
ATAN2(1,1) gives the result 0.7853981634
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOS|ASIN|ATAN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 86
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ATANH
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperbolictangentofanumber.
Syntax
ATANH(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberbetween1and–1,excluding–1and1.
Remarks
Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperbolictangent,soATANH(TANH(n))givestheresultn.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ATANH(B5)
ATANH(R5C2)
ATANH(0.55) gives the resultlt 0.6183813136
ATANH(-0.2) gives the result -0.2027325541
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOSH|ASINH|ATAN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 87
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVEDEV
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageoftheabsolutedeviationsofthespecifiedvaluesfromtheirmean.
Syntax
AVEDEV(value1,value2,...)
AVEDEV(array)
AVEDEV(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AVEDEV(B5,L32,N25,D17)
AVEDEV(B1:B5)
AVEDEV(B1:B17,L1:L17,N2:N8)
AVEDEV(R5C2,R32C12,R25C15) AVEDEV(R1C2:R1C7)
AVEDEV(98,79,85) gives the result 7.1111111111
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|DEVSQ|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 88
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGE
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiednumericvalues.
Syntax
AVERAGE(value1,value2,...)
AVERAGE(array)
AVERAGE(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromAVERAGEA,whichacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AVERAGE(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9)
AVERAGE(R1C1,R3C2)
AVERAGE(A1:A9)
AVERAGE(A1:A9,B1:B9,D5:D8)
AVERAGE(98,72,85) gives the result 85
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|CONFIDENCE|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 89
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGEA
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiedvalues,includingtextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
Syntax
AVERAGEA(value1,value2,...)
AVERAGEA(array)
AVERAGEA(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromAVERAGEbecauseitallowstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,logical,ortextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AVERAGEA(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9)
AVERAGEA(R1C1,R3C2)
AVERAGEA(A1:A9)
AVERAGEA(A1:A9,B1:B9,D5:D8)
AVERAGEA(98,72,85) gives the result 85
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 90
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGEIF
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiednumericvaluesprovidedthattheymeetthespecifiedcriteria.
Syntax
AVERAGEIF(value1,value2,...,condition)
AVERAGEIF(array,condition)
AVERAGEIF(array1,array2,...,condition)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Theconditionacceptstext,numeric,orexpressiondata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AVERAGEIF(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9,"<5000")
AVERAGEIF(R1C1,R3C2,"<>0")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 91
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGEIFS
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofallcellsthatmeetmultiplespecifiedcriteria.
Syntax
AVERAGEIFS(value1,condition1,value2,...,condition2...)
AVERAGEIFS(array,condition)
AVERAGEIFS(array1,array2,...,condition)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.Youcanhaveupto127argumentsfortheconditions.
Remarks
Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Theconditionacceptstext,numeric,orexpressiondata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
AVERAGEIFS(B2:B5,B2:B5,">90",B2:B5,"<100")
AVERAGEIFS(R1C1,R3C2,"<>0")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 92
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BAHTTEXT
ThisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedvaluetoThaitextandaddsasuffix"Baht"toit.
Syntax
BAHTTEXT(value)
Arguments
Theargumentcanacceptanumericvalue,oracellreferencethatcontainsanumericvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
BAHTTEXT(1234)givestheresultหนึง่พันสองร้อยสามสิบส่ีบาทถ้วน
BAHTTEXT(C3)givestheresultหนึง่พันสองร้อยสามสิบส่ีบาทถ้วน,whereC3isthecellreferencethatcontainsthevalue1234
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 93
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BASE
Thisfunctionconvertsanumberintoatextrepresentationaccordingtospecifiedbase.
Syntax
BASE(value,base,min_len)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Referstothevaluethatyouwanttoconvert.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto0andless
than2^53
base Referstothebasethatyouwanttoconvertthevalueinto.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto2andlessthanorequalto36
min_len [Optional]Referstotheminimumlengthoftheresultantstring.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto0andlessthanorequalto255
Remarks
Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthespecifiedvalueintheargumentsdoesn'tmeettheminimumandmaximumconstraintsasmentionedintheabovetable.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BASE(9,3)givestheresult100.
BASE(8,2,1)givestheresult1000.
BASE(6,3,2)givestheresult20.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 94
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BESSELI
ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedBesselfunctionofthefirstkindevaluatedforpurelyimaginaryarguments.
Syntax
BESSELI(value,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
order Numberrepresentingtheorderofthefunction;ifitisnotaninteger,itistruncated
Remarks
Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BESSELI(A4,D5)
BESSELI(R4C1,R5C4)
BESSELI(1.8,2) gives the result 0.5260402117
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BESSELJ|BESSELY|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 95
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BESSELJ
ThisfunctioncalculatestheBesselfunctionofthefirstkind.
Syntax
BESSELJ(value,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
order Numberrepresentingtheorderofthefunction;ifitisnotaninteger,itistruncated
Remarks
Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BESSELJ(A4,D5)
BESSELJ(R4C1,R5C4)
BESSELJ(1.85,2) gives the result 0.31812827879
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BESSELI|BESSELK|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 96
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BESSELK
ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedBesselfunctionofthesecondkindevaluatedforpurelyimaginaryarguments.
Syntax
BESSELK(value,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
order Numberrepresentingtheorderofthefunction;ifitisnotaninteger,itistruncated
Remarks
ThisfunctionisalsocalledtheNeumannfunction.Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BESSELK(A4,D5)
BESSELK(R4C1,R5C4)
BESSELK(1.85,2) gives the result 0.32165379
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BESSELJ|BESSELY|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 97
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BESSELY
ThisfunctioncalculatestheBesselfunctionofthesecondkind.
Syntax
BESSELY(value,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
order Numberrepresentingtheorderofthefunction;ifitisnotaninteger,itistruncated
Remarks
Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BESSELY(A4,D5)
BESSELY(R4C1,R5C4)
BESSELY(2.85,1) gives the result 0.2801918953
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BESSELJ|BESSELK|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 98
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BETA.DIST
Thisfunctioncalculatesthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.
Syntax
BETA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative,lower,upper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction,betweenthevaluesoflowerandupper
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminesthefunctionform.Thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunctionifthisargumentistrue.Itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction,iftheargumentisfalse
lower [Optional]Lowerboundoftheintervalforx;0ifomitted
upper [Optional]Upperboundoftheintervalforx;1ifomitted
Remarks
Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BETA.DIST(A1,A3,B4,TRUE,1,3)
BETA.DIST(2,8,10,TRUE,1,3)givestheresult0.6854705810546875
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BETADIST
Spread Formula Reference 99
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BETA.INV
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthecumulativebetadensityfunction.
Syntax
BETA.INV(prob,alpha,beta,lower,upper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthedistribution
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
lower [Optional]Lowerboundoftheintervalforx;0ifomitted
upper [Optional]Upperboundoftheintervalforx;1ifomitted
Remarks
Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.Thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalueifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BETA.INV(0.75,B3,C3,2,4)
BETA.INV(0.75,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)
BETA.INV(0.75,9,12,2,4)givestheresult3.0011968805340232
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BETAINV
Spread Formula Reference 100
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BETADIST
Thisfunctioncalculatesthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.
Syntax
BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,lower,upper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction,betweenthevaluesoflowerandupper
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
lower [Optional]Lowerboundoftheintervalforx;0ifomitted
upper [Optional]Upperboundoftheintervalforx;1ifomitted
Remarks
Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BETADIST(3,B3,C3,2,4)
BETADIST(3,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)
BETADIST(3,6,9,2,4) gives the result 0.7880249023
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BETAINV|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 101
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BETAINV
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.
Syntax
BETAINV(prob,alpha,beta,lower,upper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthedistribution
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
lower [Optional]Lowerboundoftheintervalforx;0ifomitted
upper [Optional]Upperboundoftheintervalforx;1ifomitted
Remarks
Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BETAINV(0.75,B3,C3,2,4)
BETAINV(0.75,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)
BETAINV(0.75,9,12,2,4) gives the result 3.0011968805
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BETADIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 102
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BIN2DEC
Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoadecimalnumber.
Syntax
BIN2DEC(number)
Arguments
Fortheargumentofthisfunction,specifythebinarynumericvaluetoconvert.
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BIN2DEC(1111111)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BIN2HEX|BIN2OCT|DEC2BIN|OCT2DEC|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 103
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BIN2HEX
Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoahexadecimalnumber.
Syntax
BIN2HEX(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Binarynumericvaluetoconvert
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid,orifthevalueofplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdatainhexadecimalformat.
Examples
BIN2HEX(1110)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BIN2DEC|BIN2OCT|DEC2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 104
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BIN2OCT
Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoanoctalnumber.
Syntax
BIN2OCT(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Binarynumericvaluetoconvert
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid,orifthevalueofplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BIN2OCT(1001,2)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BIN2DEC|BIN2HEX|OCT2BIN|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 105
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BINOM.DIST
Thisfunctioncalculatestheindividualtermbinomialdistributionprobability.
Syntax
BINOM.DIST(x,n,p,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Numberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
n Numberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
p Probabilityofsuccessoneachtrial;numberbetween0and1
cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction;ifTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction,whichistheprobabilitythatthereareatmostxsuccesses;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction,whichistheprobabilitythattherearexsuccesses
Remarks
Usethisfunctioninproblemswithafixednumberoftestsortrials,whentherearetwomutuallyexclusivepossibleoutcomes(a"success"anda"failure"),whentrialsareindependent,andwhentheprobabilityofoneoutcomeisconstantthroughouttheexperiment.Thisfunctioncan,forexample,calculatetheprobabilitythattwoofthenextthreebabiesbornaremale.
Thebinomialprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthenumberofsuccesses,nisthenumberoftrials,andpistheprobabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.Thecumulativebinomialdistributioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherenisthenumberoftrials,xisthenumberofsuccesses,andpisthepossibilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,exceptcumulative,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.
Example
Ababycanbeeithermaleorfemale;forthisexample,assumetheoddsare50/50thatababyiseithermaleorfemale.IffemaleequalsTRUE,wecanusethefollowingtodeterminetheprobabilityofthenext5babiesin10bornbeingfemale.Theprobabilityofthefirstbabybeingfemaleis0.5,andtheprobabilityofexactly5of10babiesbornbeingfemaleis:
BINOM.DIST(5,10,0.5,FALSE)givestheresult0.24609375
Spread Formula Reference 106
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 107
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BINOM.DIST.RANGE
Thisfunctionusesbinomialdistributiontocalculatetheprobabilityofatrialresult.
Syntax
BINOM.DIST.RANGE(N,p,s,s2)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument DescriptionN Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,
thenumberistruncated.
p Referstotheprobabilityofsuccessoneachtrial.Thevalueofthisnumbermustliebetween0and1
s Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
s2 [Optional]Referstotheprobabilitythatnumberofsuccessfultrialswillfallbetweensands2.ThisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequaltosandlessthanorequaltoN.
Remarks
Allthenumericargumentsinthisfunctionwillbetruncatedtointegers.
Iftheargumentspassedarenotnumericvaluesorthevaluesdonotliewithintheconstraints,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BINOM.DIST.RANGE(50,0.35,28)givestheresult0.00116
BINOM.DIST.RANGE(30,0.25,15,25)givestheresult0.00274
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 108
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BINOM.INV
Thisfunctionreturnsthecriterionbinomial,thesmallestvalueforwhichthecumulativebinomialdistributionisgreaterthanorequaltoacriterionvalue.
Syntax
BINOM.INV(n,p,alpha)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionn Numberoftrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
p Probabilityofsuccessoneachtrial;numberbetween0and1
alpha Alpha,valueforthecriterion
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BINOM.INV(B5,0.75,0.92)
BINOM.INV(R5C2,R8C14,0.75)
BINOM.INV(14,0.75,0.85)givestheresult14
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 109
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BINOMDIST
Thisfunctioncalculatestheindividualtermbinomialdistributionprobability.
Syntax
BINOMDIST(x,n,p,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Numberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
n Numberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
p Probabilityofsuccessoneachtrial;numberbetween0and1
cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction;ifTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction,whichistheprobabilitythatthereareatmostxsuccesses;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction,whichistheprobabilitythattherearexsuccesses
Remarks
Usethisfunctioninproblemswithafixednumberoftestsortrials,whentherearetwomutuallyexclusivepossibleoutcomes(a"success"anda"failure"),whentrialsareindependent,andwhentheprobabilityofoneoutcomeisconstantthroughouttheexperiment.Thisfunctioncan,forexample,calculatetheprobabilitythattwoofthenextthreebabiesbornaremale.
Thebinomialprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthenumberofsuccesses,nisthenumberoftrials,andpistheprobabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.Thecumulativebinomialdistributioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherenisthenumberoftrials,xisthenumberofsuccesses,andpisthepossibilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,exceptcumulative,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.
Example
Ababycanbeeithermaleorfemale;forthesakeofthisexample,assumetheoddsare50/50thatababyiseithermaleorfemale.IffemaleequalsTRUE,wecanusethefollowingtodeterminetheprobabilityofthenext5babiesin10bornbeingfemale.Theprobabilityofthefirstbabybeingfemaleis0.5,andtheprobabilityofexactly5of10babiesbornbeingfemaleis:
Spread Formula Reference 110
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BINOMDIST(5,10,0.5,FALSE)givestheresult0.2460937500
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BETADIST|CRITBINOM|EXPONDIST|GAMMADIST|NEGBINOMDIST|WEIBULL|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 111
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BITAND
ThisfunctioncalculatesbitwiseANDofthetwospecifiedvalues.
Syntax
BITAND(value1, value2)
Arguments
Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,bothvaluesmustbeindecimalformandgreaterthanorequalto0.
Remarks
Inthisfunction,ifthevaluesofbothparameter'sbitsatsamepositionis1onlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.
DataTypes
Acceptsdataindecimalform.Returnsdataindecimalform.
Examples
BITAND(3,6)givestheresult2.
BITAND(4,5)givestheresult4.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 112
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BITLSHIFT
Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueshiftedleftbythespecifiednumberofbits.
Syntax
BITLSHIFT(value, shift_amt)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Referstoavaluethatyouwanttoshift.
shift_amt Referstoanumberofbitstobeshiftedby.
Remarks
Shiftinganumberleftissimilartoaddingzeros(0)atrightendofthebinaryrepresentationofthatnumber.Ifshift_amtisanegativenumber,thenthevaluewillbeshiftedtoright.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BITLSHIFT(3,5)givestheresult96.
BITLSHIFT(1,4)givestheresult16.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 113
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BITOR
ThisfunctioncalculatesthebitwiseORoftwospecifiednumbers.
Syntax
BITOR(value1, value2)
Arguments
Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,bothvaluesmustbeindecimalformandgreaterthanorequalto0.
Remarks
Inthisfunction,ifvalueofanyparameter'sbitsatsamepositionis1onlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.
DataTypes
Acceptsdecimalformofdata.Returnsdecimalformofdata.
Examples
BITOR(22,4)givestheresult22.
BITOR(6,3)givestheresult7.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 114
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BITRSHIFT
Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueshiftedrightbyspecifiednumberofbits.
Syntax
BITRSHIFT(value, shift_amt)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Referstothevaluethatyouwanttoshift.
shift_amt Referstothenumberofbitstobeshiftedby.
Remarks
Shiftinganumberrightissimilartoremovingdigitsfromrightendofthebinaryrepresentationofthenumber.Ifshift_amtisanegativenumber,thenvaluewillbeshiftedtoleft.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
BITRSHIFT(5,2)givestheresult1.
BITRSHIFT(15,2)givestheresult3.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 115
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BITXOR
ThisfunctionreturnsbitwiseXORofthetwospecifiednumbers.
Syntax
BITXOR(value1, value2)
Arguments
Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,bothvaluesmustbeindecimalformandgreaterthanorequalto0.
Remarks
Inthisfunction,ifvalueofanyparameter'sbitsatsamepositionisnotequalonlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.
DataTypes
Acceptsdecimalformofdata.Returnsdecimalformofdata.
Examples
BITXOR(6,2)givestheresult4.
BITXOR(8,3)givestheresult11.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 116
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CALL
Thisfunctioncallsaprocedure/functiondefinedinaDLLtotheworksheetcell.
Syntax
CALL(register_id, [argument1],...)
CALL(module_text, procedure, type_text, [argument1],...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionregister_id ReferstothedataspecifyingthereturnedvalueafterexecutingREGISTERorREGISTER.ID
function.
module_text ReferstothestringdataspecifyingthenameoftheDLLthatcontainsthefunction.
procedure Referstothestringdataspecifyingthenameofthefunctiontobecalled.
type_text Referstothedataspecifyingthedatatypesofallargumentsandofthereturnvalue.
argument1,... [Optional]Referstothedataspecifyingdifferentargumentstobepassedtoprocedure.
Remarks
Ifthisfunctionisusedincorrectly,itmaycausethecomputertorestart.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.
Examples
CALL("D:\sum2.dll","Sum2","J")
CALL(B10)whereB10isthecellreferencecontainingtheRegisterfunction.
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 117
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CEILING
Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalue.
Syntax
CEILING(value,signif)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor
Remarks
Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedawayfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CEILING(C4,B2)
CEILING(B3,0.05)
CEILING(R4C3,1)
CEILING(4.65,2) gives the result 6
CEILING(-2.78,-1) gives the result -3
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FLOOR|EVEN|ODD|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 118
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CEILING.MATH
Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueorthenearestinteger.
Syntax
CEILING.PRECISE(value,signif)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor
Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedawayfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CEILING.PRECISE(C4,B2)
CEILING.PRECISE(B3,0.05)
CEILING.PRECISE(R4C3,1)
CEILING.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult6
CEILING.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 119
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CEILING.PRECISE
Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueorthenearestinteger.
Syntax
CEILING.PRECISE(value,signif)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor
Remarks
Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedawayfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CEILING.PRECISE(C4,B2)
CEILING.PRECISE(B3,0.05)
CEILING.PRECISE(R4C3,1)
CEILING.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult6
CEILING.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 120
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CELL
Thisfunctionevaluatesinformationabouttheformatting,location,orcontentsofacell.
Syntax
CELL(info,reference)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptioninfo Referstoatextvaluethatspecifieswhattypeofcellinformationtoreturn.Thisargumentisrequired.
reference Referstothecelltogetinformationabout.Thisargumentisoptional.
Theinfoargumenthasthefollowingoptions.
Option Returnsaddress Thefirstcellreference,astext.
col Thecolumnnumberofthecell.
color Thevalue1ifthecellisformattedincolorfornegativevalues;otherwise,returns0(zero).
contents Thevalueoftheupper-leftcellinthereference.
filename Afilename(includingfullpath)ofthefilethatcontainsthereference.
format Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothenumberformatofthecell(asshowninthefollowingtable).
parentheses Thevalue1ifthecellisformattedwithparenthesesforpositiveorallvalues;otherwise,returns0.
prefix Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothelabelprefixforthecell.Ifthecellcontainsleft-alignedtext,asinglequotationmark(')isreturned.Ifthecellcontainsright-alignedtext,adoublequotationmark(")isreturned.Ifthetextiscentered,acaret(^)isreturned.Abackslash(\)isreturnedifthetextisfillalignedandemptytextisreturnedifthecellcontainsanythingelse.
protect Thevalue0isreturnedifthecellisnotlockedand1isreturnedifthecellislocked.
row Therownumberofthecell.
type Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothetypeofdatainthecell("b"ifempty,"i"ifthecellcontainsatextconstant,and"v"ifthecellcontainsanythingelse).
width Thecolumnwidthofthecell.
Thefollowingitemsarereturnedwhenusingtheformatoption.
Format ReturnsGeneral "G"
0 "F0"
#,##0 ",0"
0.00 "F2"
#,##0.00 ",2"
$#,##0_);($#,##0) "C0"
Spread Formula Reference 121
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
$#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0) "C0-"
$#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00) "C2"
$#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00) "C2-"
0% "P0"
0.00% "P2"
0.00E+00 "S2"
#?/?or#??/?? "G"
m/d/yyorm/d/yyh:mmormm/dd/yy "D4"
d-mmm-yyordd-mmm-yy "D1"
d-mmmordd-mmm "D2"
mmm-yy "D3"
mm/dd "D5"
h:mmAM/PM "D7"
h:mm:ssAM/PM "D6"
h:mm "D9"
h:mm:ss "D8"
Remarks
Ifthereferenceargumentisarangeofcells,thisfunctiononlyreturnsinformationfortheupperleftcelloftherange.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringornumericdata.Returnsnumericorstringdata.
Examples
CELL("row",A10)givestheresult10(10isthenumberofcellA10).
CELL("type",B5)returnsthedatatypeoftheinformationcontainedinthecellB5.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 122
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAR
Thisfunctionreturnsthecharacterspecifiedbyanumber.
Syntax
CHAR(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,useanumberbetween1and255specifyingwhichcharacteryouwantfromtheWindowscharacterset(ANSI).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
CHAR(B2)
CHAR(R2C2)
CHAR(66) gives the result B
CHAR(218) gives the result Ú
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CODE|CONCATENATE|LOWER|PROPER|UPPER|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 123
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHIDIST
Thisfunctioncalculatestheone-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHIDIST(value,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHIDIST(B5,D7)
CHIDIST(R5C2,R7C4)
CHIDIST(6.7,4) gives the result 0.1526169403
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHIINV|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 124
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHIINV
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheone-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHIINV(prob,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthechi-squareddistribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHIINV(B5,D7)
CHIINV(R5C2,R7C4)
CHIINV(0.75,4) gives the result 1.9225575262
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHIDIST|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 125
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHISQ.DIST
Thisfunctioncalculatesthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHISQ.DIST(value,deg,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforvalueanddegarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHISQ.DIST(B5,D7,TRUE)
CHISQ.DIST(R5C2,R7C4,TRUE)
CHISQ.DIST(6.7,4,TRUE)givestheresult0.8473830596613241
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHISQ.TEST
Spread Formula Reference 126
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHISQ.DIST.RT
Thisfunctioncalculatestheright-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHISQ.DIST.RT(value,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHISQ.DIST.RT(B5,D7)
CHISQ.DIST.RT(R5C2,R7C4)
CHISQ.DIST.RT(6.7,4)givestheresult0.15261694033867584
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHISQ.DIST
Spread Formula Reference 127
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHISQ.INV
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheleft-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHISQ.INV(prob,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthechi-squareddistribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Iftheargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHISQ.INV(B5,D7)
CHISQ.INV(R5C2,R7C4)
CHISQ.INV(0.75,4)givestheresult5.385269057779394
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHISQ.DIST
Spread Formula Reference 128
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHISQ.INV.RT
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheright-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHISQ.INV.RT(prob,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthechi-squareddistribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHISQ.INV.RT(B5,D7)
CHISQ.INV.RT(R5C2,R7C4)
CHISQ.INV.RT(0.75,4)givestheresult1.9225575262293264
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHISQ.DIST
Spread Formula Reference 129
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHISQ.TEST
Thisfunctioncalculatesthetestforindependencefromthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHISQ.TEST(obs_array,exp_array)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionobs_array Arrayofobservedvaluestotestagainstexpectedvalues
exp_array Arrayofexpectedvaluesagainstwhichtotestobservedvalues
Remarks
Thearraysintheargumentsmustbeofthesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHISQ.TEST(B1:C8,B12:C19)
CHISQ.TEST(R1C2:R8C3,R12C2:R19C3)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHISQ.DIST
Spread Formula Reference 130
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHITEST
Thisfunctioncalculatesthetestforindependencefromthechi-squareddistribution.
Syntax
CHITEST(obs_array,exp_array)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionobs_array Arrayofobservedvaluestotestagainstexpectedvalues
exp_array Arrayofexpectedvaluesagainstwhichtotestobservedvalues
Thearraysintheargumentsmustbeofthesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CHITEST(B1:C8,B12:C19)
CHITEST(R1C2:R8C3,R12C2:R19C3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHIDIST|CHIINV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 131
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHOOSE
Thisfunctionreturnsavaluefromalistofvalues.
Syntax
CHOOSE(index,value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionindex Indexofthespecifiedvaluestoreturn;anintegervaluebetween1and255
value1,etc. Valuesfromwhichtochoose;canhaveupto255values;canbenumbers,cellreferences,cellranges,definednames,formulas,functions,ortext
Thevalueargumentscanberangereferencesaswellassinglevalues.Forexample,theformula:
SUM(CHOOSE(2,A1:A25,B1:B10,C1:C5))
evaluatesto:
SUM(B1:B10)
whichthenreturnsavaluebasedonthevaluesintherangeB1:B10.
Remarks
Thisfunctionisevaluatedfirst,returningthereferenceB1:B10.TheSUMfunctionisthenevaluatedusingB1:B10.
DataTypes
Theindexargumentacceptsnumericdata.Thevalueargumentsacceptanydata.Returnsthetypeofdataofthespecifiedvalue.
Examples
CHOOSE(3,A1,B1,C1,D1,E1) gives the result C1
CHOOSE(3,R1C1,R1C2,R1C3,R1C4,R1C5) gives the result R1C3
CHOOSE(2,"dogs","birds","fish","cats","mice") gives the result birds
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
INDEX|SUM|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 132
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CLEAN
Thisfunctionremovesallnon-printablecharactersfromtext.
Syntax
CLEAN(text)
Arguments
Thetextargumentisanydatafromwhichyouwanttoremovenon-printablecharacters.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontoremovetextthatcontainscharactersthatmightnotprintwithyouroperatingsystem.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontoremovesomelow-levelcomputercode,whichisfrequentlyatthebeginningandendofdatafilesandcannotbeprinted
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Example
Inthisexample,CHR(7)returnsanon-printablecharacter
CLEAN(CHAR(7)&"text"&CHAR(7))givestheresulttext
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TRIM|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 133
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CODE
Thisfunctionreturnsanumericcodetorepresentthefirstcharacterinatextstring.ThereturnedcodecorrespondstotheWindowscharacterset(ANSI).
Syntax
CODE(text)
Arguments
Theargumentisthetextfromwhichyouwanttodeterminethecodeofthefirstcharacter.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
CODE(H6)
CODE(R6C8)
CODE(""B"") gives the result 66
CODE(""Buffalo"") gives the result 66
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHAR|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 134
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COLUMN
Thisfunctionreturnsthecolumnnumberofareference.
Syntax
COLUMN(reference)
Arguments
Theargumentisacellorasinglearea.
Remarks
Ifthereferenceisomitted,thereferenceofthecellthatthefunctionisinisused.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferences.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COLUMN(A9) gives the result 1
COLUMN(A1:A5) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion3.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 135
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COLUMNS
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcolumnsinanarray.
Syntax
COLUMNS(array)
Arguments
Theargumentisanarray,anarrayformula,orarangeofcells.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferencesorarray.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COLUMNS(B6:D12) gives the result 3
COLUMNS(R6C2:R12C4) gives the result 3
COLUMNS($B$8:$H$8) gives the result 7
COLUMNS(R[2]C[1]:R[3]C[8]) gives the result 8
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 136
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COMBIN
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpossiblecombinationsforaspecifiednumberofitems.
Syntax
COMBIN(k,n)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionk Numberrepresentingthenumberofitems;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;mustbe
positiveandgreaterthanorequalton
n Numberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;mustbepositive
Remarks
Acombinationisanysetorsubsetofitems,regardlessoftheinternalorderoftheitems.Contrastwithpermutation(thePERMUTfunction).
Thenumberofcombinationsiscalculatedasfollows:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COMBIN(C4,B2)
COMBIN(B3,5)
COMBIN(R1C2,2)
COMBIN(8,2) gives the result 28
COMBIN(100,3) gives the result 161700
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PERMUT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 137
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COMBINA
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpossiblecombinations(alongwithrepetitions)forthespecifiednumberofitems.
Syntax
COMBINA(Value, Value_chosen)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument DescriptionValue Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofitems.Thisvaluemustbepositiveandgreaterthan
orequaltothesecondargumenti.e.Value_chosen.
Value_chosen Referstothenumberofitemsineachpossiblecombination.Thisvaluemustbepositive.
Remarks
ThefollowingequationisusedtocalculatetheCOMBINAfunction:
(Value+Value_chosen-1)/(Value-1)
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COMBINA(5,4)givestheresult70.
COMBINA(6,5)givestheresult252.
COMBINA(11,3)givestheresult286.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 138
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COMPLEX
Thisfunctionconvertsrealandimaginarycoefficientsintoacomplexnumber.
Syntax
COMPLEX(realcoeff,imagcoeff,suffix)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrealcoeff Coefficientoftherealpartofthecomplexnumber
imagcoeff Coefficientoftheimaginarypartofthecomplexnumber
suffix (Optional)Suffixoftheimaginarypartofthecomplexnumber,maybeeither"i"or"j".Ifomitted,"i"isused.
Remarks
Forthesuffix,uselowercasefor"i"and"j"topreventerrors.
Anerrorisreturnediftherealorimaginarycoefficientsarenon-numeric.
Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
COMPLEX(3,5)
COMPLEX(3,5,"j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMAGINARY|IMREAL|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 139
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONCAT
Thisfunctionjoinsthetextfetchedfrommultiplestrings.
Syntax
CONCAT(textvalue1, textvalue2,...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
textvalue1 Referstoatextstring,orarrayofstrings,tobejoined.
textvalue2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionaltextstringstobejoined.
Remarks
Therecanbeamaximumof253textitemsinarguments(includingtextvalue1).
Intheresult,thisfunctionneverincludesthedelimiter(spaces,ampersandsetc.)betweeneachtextvalueandnevereliminatestheemptyarguments.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
CONCAT(Riot,",",Pauler)givestheresultRiotPauler.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 140
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONCATENATE
Thisfunctioncombinesmultipletextstringsornumbersintoonetextstring.
Syntax
CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)
Arguments
Theargumentscanbestrings,formulasthatreturnastring,orreferencestocellscontainingastring.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
CONCATENATE(B4,D5)
CONCATENATE(R4C2,R5C4)
CONCATENATE(""Gold "", ""Medal"") gives the result Gold Medal
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHAR|EXACT|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 141
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONFIDENCE
Thisfunctionreturnstheconfidenceintervalforapopulationmean.
Syntax
CONFIDENCE(alpha,stdev,size)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionalpha Alpha,significancelevelusedincalculatingconfidencelevel,whereconfidencelevelis100times
(1-alpha)%
stdev Populationstandarddeviationfortherange
size Numberrepresentingthesizeofthesample;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CONFIDENCE(0.5,B4,D5)
CONFIDENCE(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)
CONFIDENCE(0.05,3.5,150) gives the result 0.560106363
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 142
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONFIDENCE.NORM
Thisfunctionreturnstheconfidenceintervalforapopulationmean.
Syntax
CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,stdev,size)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionalpha Alpha,significancelevelusedincalculatingconfidencelevel,whereconfidencelevelis100times
(1-alpha)%
stdev Populationstandarddeviationfortherange
size Numberrepresentingthesizeofthesample;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.The#NUM!errorvalueisreturnedifsize<1.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.5,B4,D5)
CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)
CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.05,3.5,150)givestheresult0.5601063629983405
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CONFIDENCE
Spread Formula Reference 143
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONFIDENCE.T
Thisfunctionreturnstheconfidenceintervalforapopulationmean.
Syntax
CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,stdev,size)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionalpha Alpha,significancelevelusedincalculatingconfidencelevel,whereconfidencelevelis100times
(1-alpha)%
stdev Populationstandarddeviationfortherange
size Numberrepresentingthesizeofthesample;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
ThefunctionusesaStudent'stdistribution.Ifsize=1,thefunctionreturnsa#DIV/0!errorvalue.Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CONFIDENCE.T(0.5,B4,D5)
CONFIDENCE.T(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)
CONFIDENCE.T(0.05,3.5,150)givestheresult0.5646928012079743
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CONFIDENCE
Spread Formula Reference 144
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONVERT
Thisfunctionconvertsanumberfromonemeasurementsystemtoitsequivalentinanothermeasurementsystem.
Syntax
CONVERT(number,from-unit,to-unit)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numericvaluetoconvert
from-unit Convertibleunits(seetablebelow)ofnumericvaluetoconvert
to-unit Convertibleunits(seetablebelow)ofdesiredresult
Remarks
Inthiscontextameasurementsystemisasetofunitsfordifferenttypesofmeasurements.Thisfunctionconvertsanumberwithonesetofunitstoanumberindifferentsetofunits.
Anerrorvalueisreturnediftheconvertibleunits(from-unitandto-unit)areinvalidorarefromdifferentcategoriesofunittypes(differenttablesbelow).
Thefollowingtableslisttheconvertibleunitsbytheirunittype:
WeightandMassUnitType ConvertibleUnitsGram "g"
Slug "sg"
Pound Mass "lbm"
U "u"
OunceMass "ozm"
DistanceUnitType ConvertibleUnitsMeter "m"
Statute mile "mi"
Nautical mile "Nmi"
Inch "in"
Foot "ft"
Yard "yd"
Angstrom "ang"
Pica(1/72in.) "Pica"
TimeUnitType ConvertibleUnitsYear "yr"
Spread Formula Reference 145
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Day "day"
Hour "hr"
Minute "mn"
Second "sec"
PressureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsPascal "Pa"
Atmosphere "atm"
mm of Mercury "mmHg"
ForceUnitType ConvertibleUnitsNewton "N"
Dyne "dyn"
Poundforce "lbf"
EnergyUnitType ConvertibleUnitsJoule "J"
Erg "e"
Thermodynamiccalorie "c"
ITcalorie "cal"
Electronvolt "eV"
Horsepower-hour "Hph"
Watt-hour "Wh"
Foot-pound "flb"
BTU "BTU"
PowerUnitType ConvertibleUnitsHorsepower "HP"
Watt "W"
MagnetismUnitType ConvertibleUnitsTesla "T"
Gauss "ga"
TemperatureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsDegreeCelsius "C"
Degree Fahrenheit "F"
DegreeKelvin "K"
LiquidMeasureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsTeaspoon "tsp"
Spread Formula Reference 146
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tablespoon "tbs"
Fluidounce "oz"
Cup "cup"
U.S.pint "pt"
U.K.pint "uk_pt"
Quart "qt"
Gallon "gal"
Liter "l"
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CONVERT(68,"F","C")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
OCT2BIN|HEX2DEC|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 147
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CORREL
Thisfunctionreturnsthecorrelationcoefficientofthetwosetsofdata.
Syntax
CORREL(array1,array2)
Arguments
Thetwoarraysofdataintheargumentsofthisfunctionshouldmeetthesecriteria:
Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,ranges,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thearraysshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thearraysshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CORREL(C1:C10,D1:D10)
CORREL(R1C3:R10C3,R1C4:R10C4)
CORREL({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64}) gives the result 0.9332565253
CORREL({73000,45000,40360},{42,70,40}) gives the result -0.3261046660
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COVAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 148
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COS
Thisfunctionreturnsthecosineofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
COS(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecosine.
Remarks
Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COS(B2)
COS(R1C3)
COS(45*PI()/180) gives the result 0.7071067812
COS(RADIANS(30))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOS|ACOSH|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 149
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COSH
Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccosineofthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
COSH(value)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COSH(B3)
COSH(R1C2)
COSH(4) gives the result 27.3082328360
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOSH|COS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 150
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COT
Thisfunctionreturnsthecotangentofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
COT(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecotangent.
Remarks
Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COT(60)givestheresult3.1246
COT(35)givestheresult2.1105
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 151
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COTH
Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccotangentofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
COTH(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.
Remarks
Theabsolutevalueofanglemustbelessthan2^27.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COTH(45)givestheresult1.
COTH(90)givestheresult1.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 152
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUNT
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatcontainnumbers.
Syntax
COUNT(value1,value2,...)
COUNT(array)
Arguments
Theargumentsmaybeseparatevaluesoranarrayofvalues.Upto255argumentsofindividualcellsmaybeincluded.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofcellsthatcontainnumbersinthespecifiedcellrange.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromCOUNTAwhichalsoincludestextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumbers.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferences.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUNT(B2,B5,B8,D5,D8)
COUNT(A1:G5)
COUNT(R6C3:R9C4,2)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUNTA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 153
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUNTA
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofnumberofcellsthatcontainnumbers,text,orlogicalvalues.
Syntax
COUNTA(value1,value2,...)
COUNTA(array)
Arguments
Theargumentsmaybeseparatevaluesoranarrayofvalues.Upto255argumentsofindividualcellsmaybeincluded.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofnon-emptycellsinthespecifiedcellrange.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromCOUNTbecauseitincludestextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumbers.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferences.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUNTA(B2,D2,E4,E5,E6)
COUNTA(A1:G5)
COUNTA(R6C3:R9C4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUNT|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 154
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUNTBLANK
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofempty(orblank)cellsinarangeofcellsonasheet.
Syntax
COUNTBLANK(cellrange)
Arguments
Thisfunctiontakesacellrangereferenceorarrayasanargument.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofemptyorblankcellsinthespecifiedcellrangeononesheet.Thisfunctiondoesnotcountcellscontaininganemptystring"".Acellisemptyifthecell'sValueisnull(NothinginVB).Notethatthereisadifferencebeingacell'sValuebeingnullandacell'sValuebeingtheemptystring"".Forexample,considerthefollowingSpreadcodeinC#:
spread.Sheets[0].Cells[0,0].Value=null;//empty
spread.Sheets[0].Cells[1,0].Value="";//string
spread.Sheets[0].Cells[2,0].Value="abc";//string
spread.Sheets[0].Cells[3,0].Value=123.0;//number
spread.Sheets[0].Cells[4,0].Formula="COUNTBLANK(A1:A4)";
TheformulaincellA5evaluatesto1becausecellA1istheonlycellintherangeA1:A4thatisempty.
Note:Spread'simplementationoffunctionsgenerallytriestofollowthebehaviorfoundinpopularspreadsheetapplications.However,notalltheseapplicationsagreewhethertheemptystring""shouldbetreatedthesameasanemptycell.InSpread,boththeCOUNTBLANKandISBLANKfunctionsconsistentlytreattheemptystring""differentlythananemptycell.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangereference.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUNTBLANK(A1:G5)
COUNTBLANK(R6C3:R9C4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUNTIF|ISBLANK|TYPE|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 155
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUNTIF
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatmeetacertaincondition.
Syntax
COUNTIF(cellrange,condition)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncellrange Rangeofcellstocount;cellrangereference
condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsarecounted,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangereference.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUNTIF(A1:G5,"test")
COUNTIF(R6C3:R9C4,"<2")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUNT|COUNTA|COUNTBLANK|SUMIF|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 156
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUNTIFS
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatmeetmultipleconditions.
Syntax
COUNTIFS(cellrange,condition)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncellrange Rangeofcellstocount;cellrangereference
condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsarecounted,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangereference.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUNTIFS(A1:G5,"test",B3:D3,"=Yes")
COUNTIFS(R6C3:R9C4,"<2")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUNT|COUNTA|COUNTBLANK|SUMIF|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 157
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUPDAYBS
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysfromthebeginningofthecouponperiodtothesettlementdate.
Syntax
COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUPDAYBS(A1,A2,A3,A4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPDAYS|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 158
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUPDAYS
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdaysinthecouponperiodthatcontainsthesettlementdate.
Syntax
COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUPDAYS(A1,A2,A3,A4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPDAYBS|DURATION|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 159
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUPDAYSNC
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysfromthesettlementdatetothenextcoupondate.
Syntax
COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUPDAYSNC(A1,A2,A3,A4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPDAYS|COUPDAYBS|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 160
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUPNCD
Thisfunctionreturnsadatenumberofthenextcoupondateafterthesettlementdate.
Syntax
COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUPNCD(A1,A2,A3,A4)
COUPNCD(A1,A2,A3,A4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPPCD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 161
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUPNUM
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcouponsduebetweenthesettlementdateandmaturitydate.
Syntax
COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUPNUM(A1,A2,A3,A4)
COUPNUM(R6C3:R9C4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPDAYS|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 162
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COUPPCD
Thisfunctionreturnsadatenumberofthepreviouscoupondatebeforethesettlementdate.
Syntax
COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COUPPCD(B1,B2,B3,B4)
COUPPCD(R6C3,R9C4,R1C1,R2C2)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPNCD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 163
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COVAR
Thisfunctionreturnsthecovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.
Syntax
COVAR(array1,array2)
Arguments
Thetwoarraysofdataintheargumentsofthisfunctionshouldmeetthesecriteria:
Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,arrays,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thedatasetsshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thedatasetsshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.
Remarks
Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcanexaminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducationinapopulation.
Thecovarianceiscalculatedasfollows,wherenisthesizeofthearraysandmuisthemean.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COVAR(J2:J5,L2:L5)
COVAR(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)
COVAR({7,5,6},{7,4,4}) gives the result 1
COVAR({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64}) gives the result 144
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CORREL|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 164
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COVARIANCE.P
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthepopulationcovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.
Syntax
COVARIANCE.P(array1,array2)
Arguments
Thetwoarraysofdataintheargumentsofthisfunctionshouldmeetthesecriteria:
Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,arrays,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thedatasetsshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thedatasetsshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.
Remarks
Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcandeterminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducationinapopulation.
Thecovarianceiscalculatedasfollows,wherenandyarethesamplemeans,AVERAGE(array1)andAVERAGE(array2),andnisthesamplesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COVARIANCE.P(J2:J5,L2:L5)
COVARIANCE.P(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)
COVARIANCE.P({7,5,6},{7,4,4})givestheresult1
COVARIANCE.P({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})givestheresult144
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 165
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
COVARIANCE.S
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthesamplecovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.
Syntax
COVARIANCE.S(array1,array2)
Arguments
Thetwoarraysofdataintheargumentsofthisfunctionshouldmeetthesecriteria:
Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,arrays,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thedatasetsshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thedatasetsshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.
Remarks
Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcandeterminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducation.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
COVARIANCE.S(J2:J5,L2:L5)
COVARIANCE.S(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)
COVARIANCE.S({7,5,6},{7,4,4})givestheresult1.5
COVARIANCE.S({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})givestheresult180
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 166
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CRITBINOM
Thisfunctionreturnsthecriterionbinomial,thesmallestvalueforwhichthecumulativebinomialdistributionisgreaterthanorequaltoacriterionvalue.
Syntax
CRITBINOM(n,p,alpha)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionn Numberoftrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
p Probabilityofsuccessoneachtrial;numberbetween0and1
alpha Alpha,valueforthecriterion
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CRITBINOM(B5,0.75,0.92)
CRITBINOM(R5C2,R8C14,0.75)
CRITBINOM(14,0.75,0.85) gives the result 12
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 167
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CSC
Thisfunctionreturnsthecosecantofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
CSC(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecosecant.
Remarks
Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CSC(40)givestheresult1.555
CSC(15)givestheresult3.863
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CSCH
Spread Formula Reference 168
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
CSCH
Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccosecantofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
CSCH(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.
Remarks
Theabsolutevalueofanglemustbelessthan2^27.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
CSCH(45)givestheresult1.414
CSCH(2.5)givestheresult0.165
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 169
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions D to G
FunctionsDtoG
DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAVERAGE
DAY DAYS DAYS360 DB
DBCS DCOUNT DCOUNTA DDB
DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT DECIMAL
DEGREES DELTA DEVSQ DGET
DISC DMAX DMIN DOLLAR
DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DPRODUCT DSTDEV
DSTDEVP DSUM DURATION DVAR
DVARP EDATE EFFECT ENCODEURL
EOMONTH ERF ERF.PRECISE ERFC
ERFC.PRECISE ERROR.TYPE ERRORTYPE EUROCONVERT
EVEN EXACT EXP EXPON.DIST
EXPONDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT F.INV
F.INV.RT F.TEST FACT FACTDOUBLE
FALSE FDIST FILTER FILTERXML
FIND FINDB FINV FISHER
FISHERINV FIXED FLOOR FLOOR.MATH
FLOOR.PRECISE FORECAST FORECAST.LINEAR FORMULATEXT
FREQUENCY FTEST FV FVSCHEDULE
GAMMA GAMMA.DIST GAMMA.INV GAMMADIST
GAMMAINV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS
GCD GEOMEAN GESTEP GROWTH
Spread Formula Reference 170
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DATE
Thisfunctionreturnstheserialdatevalueforaparticulardate,specifiedbytheyear,month,andday.
Syntax
DATE(year,month,day)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionyear Numberrepresentingtheyear,from1to9999,usingfourdigits;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated
month Numberrepresentingthemonthoftheyear;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated
day Numberrepresentingthedayofthemonth;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated
Ifmonthisgreaterthan12,thenmonthincrementsbythenumberofmonthsover12andtheyearadvances,ifneeded.Forexample,DATE(2003,16,2)returnstheserialnumber38079representingApril2,2004.
Ifdayisgreaterthanthenumberofdaysinthespecifiedmonth,thendayincrementsthenumberofdaysfromthefirstdayofthenextmonth.Forexample,DATE(2004,1,35)returnstheserialnumber38021representingFebruary4,2004.
Ifvaluesfortheargumentsarenotintegers,anydecimalplacesaretruncated.Negativevaluesformonthsaretakenfromtheyearintopreviousyears.Negativevaluesfordaysaretakenfromthemonthintopreviousmonths.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnstheserialnumberofthedate.
Examples
DATE(A1,B1,C1)
DATE(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)
DATE(2019,1,1) gives the result 43466 which can be formatted as 01-01-2019
DATE(2019,2,13) gives the result 43509 which can be formatted as 13-02-2019
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine, DATE function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
DATEVALUE|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 171
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DATEDIF
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdays,months,oryearsbetweentwodates.
Syntax
DATEDIF(date1,date2,outputcode)
Arguments
Thefirsttwoargumentsareanydates,asstrings,numericvalues,orDateTimeobjects.
Theoutputcodesare:
Code Description"D" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2
"M" Thenumberofcompletemonthsbetweendate1anddate2
"Y" Thenumberofcompleteyearsbetweendate1anddate2
"YD" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesameyear
"YM" Thenumberofmonthsbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesameyear
"MD" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesamemonthandyear
DataTypes
Acceptsstrings,numericvalues,andDateTimeobjects.StringsandnumbersareconvertedtoDateTimeobjects.
Examples
DATEDIF(A1,B1,C1)
DATEDIF(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)
DATEDIF("2001/1/1","2003/1/1","Y")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DATEVALUE|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 172
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DATEVALUE
Thisfunctionreturnstheserialnumberofadateenteredastext.
Syntax
DATEVALUE(date_string)
Arguments
Theargumentforthisfunctionisadateasastring.
Remarks
UsethisfunctiontoconvertadaterepresentedbyatextstringtoanExcelserialnumberthatcanbeusedtoperformcalculations.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsanexcelserialnumberasdate.
Examples
DATEVALUE(B18)
DATEVALUE(R18C2)
DATEVALUE("2019/02/13") gives the result 43509.
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,DATEVALUE function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
DATE|TIMEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 173
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DAVERAGE
Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofvaluesinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DAVERAGE(A4:E10,3,A4:E10)
DAVERAGE(A1:A9,"Income",D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DVAR|DVARP|AVERAGE|VAR|VARP|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 174
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DAY
Thisfunctionreturnsthedaynumberofthemonth(integer1to31)thatcorrespondstothespecifieddate.
Syntax
DAY(date)
Arguments
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DAY(A2)
DAY(R2C1)
DAY(366778) gives the result 14
DAY(33239) gives the result 1 (because 33239 is the value for January 1, 1991)
DAY("7/4/2003 12:00")
DAY(DATE(2003,7,4))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DATE|DATEVALUE|WEEKDAY|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 175
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DAYS
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysbetweentwodates.
Syntax
DAYS(end_date, start_date)
Arguments
Specifytheend_dateandstart_dateargumentasanumber(asin37806),astringorreferencetocellscontaingtheinformation.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericorstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DAYS("5/15/11","4/1/11")givestheresult44.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 176
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DAYS360
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdaysbetweentwodatesbasedona360-dayyear.
Syntax
DAYS360(startdate,enddate,method)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Datefromwhichtocalculatedays
enddate Datetowhichtocalculatedays
method [Optional]Methodforcalculatingdays;ifFALSEoromitted,usesU.S.(NASD)method;ifTRUE,usesEuropeanmethod.
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions
Themethodsforcalculatingthenumberofdayscanvary.TheU.S.orNASDmethodworksasfollows:
Ifthestartingdateisthe31stofamonth,itbecomesequaltothe30thofthesamemonth.Iftheendingdateisthe31stofamonthandthestartingdateisearlierthanthe30thofamonth,theendingdatebecomesequaltothe1stofthenextmonth.Iftheendingdateisthe31stofamonthandthestartingdateisthe30thor31stofamonth,theendingdatebecomesequaltothe30thoftheendingdatemonth.
TheEuropeanmethodconsidersstartingdatesorendingdatesthatoccuronthe31stofamonthtobeequaltothe30thofthesamemonth.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontohelpcomputepaymentsifyouraccountingsystemisbasedona360-dayyear(twelve30-daymonths).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthetwodateargumentsandbooleanforthemethodargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DAYS360(B8,C8)
DAYS360(R8C2,R8C3)
DAYS360("7/15/2004","12/25/2004") gives the result 160
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 177
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DAY|DATEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 178
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DB
Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiodusingthefixed‑decliningbalancemethod.
Syntax
DB(cost,salvage,life,period,month)
Arguments
Thisfunctionshasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset
salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciationperiod
life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated
period Periodforwhichyouwanttocalculatethedepreciation;usethesameunitsasthelifeargument
month [Optional]Numberofmonthsinthefirstyear;ifomitted,thecalculationuses12months
Remarks
Thefixed-decliningbalancemethodcomputesdepreciationatafixedrate.Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatedepreciationforaperiod:
(cost–totaldepreciationfrompriorperiods)xrate
where:
rate=1–((salvage/cost)^(1/life)),roundedtothreedecimalplaces
Depreciationforthefirstandlastperiodsisaspecialcase.Forthefirstperiod,thefunctionusesthisequation:
dep=costxratexmonth/12
Forthelastperiod,thefunctionusesthisequation:
dep=((cost–totaldep.frompriorperiods)xratex(12–month))/12.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DB(B1,1000,10,1)
DB(R1C2,10000,10,1)
DB(500000,5000,5,1,10) gives the result $25,0833.3333333333
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 179
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DDB|SLN|SYD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 180
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DBCS
Thisfunctiontransformshalf-width(single-byte)characterstofull-width(double-byte)characters.
Syntax
DBCS(text_value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youneedtoprovideatextvalueorareferencetoacellthatcontainsthetextvaluetobechanged.
Remarks
Ifthetextvaluedoesnotcontainhalf-widthletters,thenthetextisnotmodified.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
DBCS("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 181
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DCOUNT
Thisfunctioncountsthecellsthatcontainnumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DCOUNT(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field [Optional]Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).Thefieldargumentisoptional.Ifomittedthefunctioncountsalltherecordsthatmeetthecriteria.
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DCOUNT(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DCOUNTA|COUNT|COUNTA|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 182
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DCOUNTA
Thisfunctioncountsthenon-blankcellsinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DCOUNTA(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field [Optional]Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).Thefieldargumentisoptional.Ifomittedthefunctioncountsalltherecordsthatmeetthecriteria.
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DCOUNTA(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DCOUNTA(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DCOUNT|COUNT|COUNTA|DAVERAGE|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 183
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DDB
Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiodusingthedouble-decliningbalancemethodoranothermethodyouspecify.
Syntax
DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset
salvage Valueattheendofdepreciation
life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated
period Periodforwhichyouwanttocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsasthelifeargument
factor [Optional]Rateatwhichthevaluedeclines;ifomitted,thecalculationuses2(double-decliningmethod)
Allargumentsmustbepositivenumbers.
Remarks
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingcalculationfordepreciationforaperiod:
cost–salvage(totaldepreciationfrompriorperiods)xfactor/life
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DDB(B1,1000,10,1)
DDB(R1C2,10000,10,1)
DDB(500000,5000,5,1,4) gives the result $40,0000
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DB|SYD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 184
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DEC2BIN
Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoabinarynumber.
Syntax
DEC2BIN(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-512to511
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Ifplacesargumentisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisnon-numericoroutsidetherange,oriftheplacesvalueisnon-numeric,negative,ortoosmall.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DEC2BIN(3,3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DEC2HEX|DEC2OCT|BIN2DEC|OCT2BIN|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 185
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DEC2HEX
Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoahexadecimalnumber.
Syntax
DEC2HEX(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-549,755,813,888to549,755,813,887
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Ifplacesargumentisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisnon-numericoroutsidetherange,oriftheplacesvalueisnon-numeric,negative,ortoosmall.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DEC2HEX(103,4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DEC2BIN|DEC2OCT|BIN2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 186
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DEC2OCT
Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoanoctalnumber.
Syntax
DEC2OCT(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-536,870,912and536,870,911
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Ifplacesargumentisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisnon-numericoroutsidetherange,oriftheplacesvalueisnon-numeric,negative,ortoosmall.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DEC2OCT(-99)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DEC2BIN|DEC2HEX|BIN2OCT|OCT2BIN|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 187
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DECIMAL
Thisfunctionconvertsthetextrepresentation(ofanumberinspecifiedbase)intoadecimalnumber.
Syntax
DECIMAL(text,base)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Referstoanycombinationofvalidalpha-numericcharactersaccordingtothebase.Thisvalueisnot
casesensitive.
base Thisvaluemustbeanintegeranditshouldbegreaterthanorequalto2(binary)andlessthanorequalto36
Remarks
Thelengthofargumenttextmustbelessthanorequalto255characters.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericorstringdataforargumenttext.Acceptsonlynumericdataforargumentbase.Returnsnumericorstringdata.
Examples
DECIMAL("FF",21)givestheresult330.
DECIMAL(11,2)givestheresult3
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 188
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DEGREES
Thisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedvaluefromradianstodegrees.
Syntax
DEGREES(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctiontakesanyrealnumberanglevalueastheargument.
Remarks
Thisfunctionconvertsangleinradianstoangleindegrees.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DEGREES(B3)
DEGREES(R1C2)
DEGREES(PI()) gives the result 180
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
RADIANS|PI|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 189
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DELTA
Thisfunctionidentifieswhethertwovaluesareequal.Returns1iftheyareequal;returns0otherwise.
Syntax
DELTA(value1,value2)
Arguments
Thisfunctiontakestwovaluesasarguments.
Remarks
AlsocalledtheKroneckerDeltafunction.ThisisadiscreteversionoftheDiracdeltafunction.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata(0or1).
Examples
DELTA(A1,5)
DELTA(R1C4,R2C5)
DELTA(3,3) gives the result 1
DELTA(3,2) gives the result 0
DELTA(3,2.99999) gives the result 0
DELTA(3,QUOTIENT(6,2)) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GESTEP|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 190
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DEVSQ
Thisfunctioncalculatesthesumofthesquaresofdeviationsofdatapoints(orofanarrayofdatapoints)fromtheirsamplemean.
Syntax
DEVSQ(value1,value2,...)
DEVSQ(array)
DEVSQ(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.
Thesumofsquareddeviationsiscalculatedasfollows,wherenisthenumberofvalues.
Ifanarrayorcellreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsorarrayofnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DEVSQ(B3,B5,B9,B10)
DEVSQ(B3:B14)
DEVSQ(R3C2,R5C2,R9C2)
DEVSQ(R3C2:R3C12)
DEVSQ(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 680.875
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 191
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DGET
Thisfunctionextractsasinglevaluefromacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DGET(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Ifnovaluematchesthecriteriaargument,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.A#NUM!errorisreturnedifmorethanonematchisfound.
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DGET(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DGET(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 192
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DISC
Thisfunctioncalculatesthediscountrateforasecurity.
Syntax
DISC(settle,mature,pricep,redeem,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
mature Maturitydateforthesecurity
pricep Amountinvestedinthesecurity
redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifsettleormatureisnotavalidserialdatenumber,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.Ifpriceporredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DISC(A1,B1,C4,100,2)
DISC("3/15/2003","5/15/2003",R3C4,R5C5,4)
DISC("5/15/2004","9/1/2004",98.2,100,3) gives the result 0.0602752294
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
RATE|INTRATE|PRICEDISC|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 193
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DMAX
Thisfunctionreturnsthelargestnumberinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DMAX(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DMAX(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DMAX(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DMIN|MAX|MIN|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 194
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DMIN
Thisfunctionreturnsthesmallestnumberinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DMIN(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DMIN(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DMIN(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DMAX|MAX|MIN|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 195
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DOLLAR
Thisfunctionconvertsanumbertotextusingcurrencyformat,withthedecimalsroundedtothespecifiedplace.
Syntax
DOLLAR(value,digits)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numericvaluetoconverttotextusingthecurrencyformat
digits [Optional]Numberofdecimalplacestomaintain;ifnegative,thevalueisroundedtotheleftofthedecimalpoint;ifomitted,thefunctionroundstotwodecimalplaces
Remarks
ThisfunctionusesthecurrentregionalWindowssettingstodeterminetheformatofthereturnedstring.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
DOLLAR(B5,D2)
DOLLAR(R5C2,R2C4)
DOLLAR(1234.5678,3) gives the result $1,234.568
DOLLAR(123.45,1) gives the result $123.5
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DOLLARDE|DOLLARFR|FIXED|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 196
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DOLLARDE
Thisfunctionconvertsafractiondollarpricetoadecimaldollarprice.
Syntax
DOLLARDE(fractionaldollar,fraction)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionfractionaldollar Numericvalueexpressedasafraction
fraction Denominatorofthefraction;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Iffractionisnotaninteger,itistruncated.Iffractionislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iffractionis0,a#DIV/0!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DOLLARDE(1.10,17)
DOLLARDE(R5C2,R2C4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DOLLAR|DOLLARFR|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 197
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DOLLARFR
Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumberdollarpricetoafractiondollarprice.
Syntax
DOLLARFR(decimaldollar,fraction)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondecimaldollar Decimalnumber
fraction Denominatorofthefraction;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Iffractionisnotaninteger,itistruncated.Iffractionislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iffractionis0,a#DIV/0!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DOLLARFR(B5,D2)
DOLLARFR(R5C2,R2C4)
DOLLARFR(1.125,16) gives the result 1.02
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DOLLAR|DOLLARDE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 198
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DPRODUCT
Thisfunctionmultipliesthevaluesinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DPRODUCT(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DPRODUCT(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DSUM|DCOUNT|PRODUCT|SUM|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 199
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DSTDEV
Thisfunctionestimatesthestandarddeviationofapopulationbasedonasamplebyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DSTDEV(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DSTDEV(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DSTDEVP|DAVERAGE|STDEV|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 200
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DSTDEVP
Thisfunctioncalculatesthestandarddeviationofapopulationbasedontheentirepopulationusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DSTDEVP(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DSTDEVP(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DSTDEV|DAVERAGE|STDEV|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 201
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DSUM
Thisfunctionaddsthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DSUM(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DSUM(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DSUM(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DPRODUCT|DCOUNT|SUM|PRODUCT|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 202
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DURATION
ThisfunctionreturnstheMacauleydurationforanassumedparvalueof$100.
Syntax
DURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
coupon Annualcouponrate
yield Annualyieldforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettlementormaturityisinvalidora#NUM!errorwhenfrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Settlement,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifcouponislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DURATION(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6)
DURATION(R5C2,R2C4,R3C1,R4C1,R5C1)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUPDAYS|MDURATION|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 203
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DVAR
Thisfunctionestimatesthevarianceofapopulationbasedonasamplebyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DVAR(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DVAR(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DVAR(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DSTDEV|DSTDEVP|DVARP|DAVERAGE|DMIN|DMAX|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 204
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DVARP
Thisfunctioncalculatesthevarianceofapopulationbasedontheentirepopulationbyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.
Syntax
DVARP(database, field, criteria)
Arguments
Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray
field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex
criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray
Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.
Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).
Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.
Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.
Remarks
Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
DVARP(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)
DVARP(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
DSTDEV|DSTDEVP|DVAR|DAVERAGE|DMIN|DMAX|DatabaseFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 205
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EDATE
Thisfunctioncalculatesthedatethatistheindicatednumberofmonthsbeforeorafteraspecifieddate.
Syntax
EDATE(startdate,months)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate
months Numberofmonthsbefore(negative)orafter(positive)thestartingdate;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontocalculatematuritydatesorduedatesthatfallonthesamedayofthemonthasthedateofissue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthestartdateargumentandnumericdataforthemonthsargument.Returnsanumericvalue(anexcelserialnumberasnewdate).
Examples
EDATE(A1,-6)
EDATE(R1C1,4)
EDATE("2004/01/09",2) gives the result 38055
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,EDATE function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
DATE|EOMONTH|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 206
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EFFECT
Thisfunctioncalculatestheeffectiveannualinterestrateforagivennominalannualinterestrateandthenumberofcompoundingperiodsperyear.
Syntax
EFFECT(nomrate,comper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnomrate Nominalinterestrate
comper Numberofcompoundingperiods;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.The#NUMerrorisreturnedifnomrateislessthanorequaltozeroorifcomperislessthanone.Comperistruncatedtoaninteger.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
EFFECT(J12,B3)
EFFECT(R12C10,R3C2)
EFFECT(6.5%,8) gives the result 0.66878782
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
INTRATE|NOMINAL|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 207
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ENCODEURL
ThisfunctionreturnsaURLencodedstring.
Syntax
ENCODEURL(text)
Arguments
Specifythetexttobeencodedfortheargument.
Remarks
Thisfunctionisusedtoreplacethespecialcharacters,suchas"/",or"#,or","andsoon,whicheitherisnotavalidcharacterforURLoreitherhasitsownmeaning.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
ENCODEURL(D1)givestheresultTOP,whereD1isthecellreferencewithtextTOP
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 208
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EOMONTH
Thisfunctioncalculatesthelastdayofthemonth(endofmonth)thatistheindicatednumberofmonthsbeforeorafterthestartingdate.Typically,thisfunctionisusedtoevaluateexpirydates,duedatesandotherdatesthataresupposedtolandattheendofamonth.
Syntax
EOMONTH(startdate,months)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate
months Numberofmonthsbefore(negative)orafter(positive)thestartingdate;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthestartdateargumentandnumericdataforthemonthsargument.Returnstheserialnumberforthelastdayofthemonth.
Examples
EOMONTH(A3,6)
EOMONTH(R3C1,-4)
EOMONTH("2019/02/13",2) gives the result 43585
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,EOMONTH function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
EDATE|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 209
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ERF
Thisfunctioncalculatestheerrorfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerandanupperlimit.
Syntax
ERF(limit,upperlimit)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionlimit Eitherthisisthelowerlimit,iftheupperlimitissupplied,oritistheupperlimit(with0asthelower
limit)ifthesecondargumentisnotsupplied
upperlimit [Optional]Upperlimitforintegratingthefunction
Remarks
Ifupperlimitissupplied,thefunctionisintegratedfromlimittoupperlimit.Ifnotsupplied,thefunctionisintegratedfrom0tolimit.
Ifthereupperlimitisnotsupplied,thefunctioncalculates:
wherexisthelimitargument.
Ifthereupperlimitissupplied,thefunctioncalculates:
whereloisthelimitargumentandhiistheupperlimitargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ERF(K16)
ERF(R16C11,R16,C12)
ERF(0.49) gives the result 0.51166826
ERF(0.25,0.85) gives the result 0.494341544
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 210
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SeeAlso
ERFC|STEYX|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 211
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ERF.PRECISE
Thisfunctioncalculatestheerrorfunction.
Syntax
ERF.PRECISE(limit)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingargument:
Argument Descriptionlimit Iflimitisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ERF.PRECISE(K16)
ERF.PRECISE(R16C11)
ERF.PRECISE(0.49)givestheresult0.5116682610468377
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERF
Spread Formula Reference 212
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ERFC
Thisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryerrorfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerlimitandinfinity.
Syntax
ERFC(lowerlimit)
Arguments
Theargumentisthelowerlimitfromwhichtointegratetoinfinitywhencalculatingthisfunction.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryerrorfunctionasfollows:
wherexisthelowerlimitspecifiedintheargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ERFC(K16)
ERFC(R16C11)
ERFC(0.49) gives the result 0.48833174
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERF|STEYX|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 213
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ERFC.PRECISE
ThisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryERFfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerlimitandinfinity.
Syntax
ERFC.PRECISE(lowerlimit)
Arguments
Theargumentisthelowerlimitfromwhichtointegratetoinfinitywhencalculatingthisfunction.
Remarks
Iflowerlimitisnonnumeric,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ERFC.PRECISE(K16)
ERFC.PRECISE(R16C11)
ERFC.PRECISE(0.49)givestheresult0.4883317389531623
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERFC
Spread Formula Reference 214
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ERROR.TYPE
Thisfunctionreturnsanumbercorrespondingtooneoftheerrorvalues.
Syntax
ERROR.TYPE(errorvalue)
Arguments
Thevaliderrorvaluesthatcanbeusedintheargumentsandtheircorrespondingreturnedvaluesaresummarizedhere:
ErrorValue FunctionReturns#NULL! 1
#DIV/0! 2
#VALUE! 3
#REF! 4
#NAME? 5
#NUM! 6
#N/A 7
Remarks
YoucanusethisfunctioninanIF-THENstructuretotestfortheerrorvalueandreturnatextstring,suchasamessage,insteadoftheerrorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptserrorvalueasdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ERROR.TYPE(B13)
ERROR.TYPE(R13C2)
ERROR.TYPE(#REF!)givestheresult4
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERRORTYPE
Spread Formula Reference 215
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ERRORTYPE
Thisfunctionreturnsanumbercorrespondingtooneoftheerrorvalues.
Syntax
ERRORTYPE(errorvalue)
Arguments
Thevaliderrorvaluesthatcanbeusedintheargumentsandtheircorrespondingreturnedvaluesaresummarizedhere:
ErrorValue FunctionReturns#NULL! 1
#DIV/0! 2
#VALUE! 3
#REF! 4
#NAME? 5
#NUM! 6
#N/A 7
Remarks
YoucanusethisfunctioninanIF-THENstructuretotestfortheerrorvalueandreturnatextstring,suchasamessage,insteadoftheerrorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptserrorvalueasdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ERRORTYPE(B13)
ERRORTYPE(R13C2)
ERRORTYPE(#REF!) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISERROR|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 216
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EUROCONVERT
ThisfunctionconvertscurrencyfromaEuromembercurrency(includingEuros)toanotherEuromembercurrency(includingEuros).
Syntax
EUROCONVERT(currency,source,target,fullprecision,triangulation)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncurrency Numbertoconvert
source ISOcurrencycodeforthenumbertoconvert(seetablebelow)
target ISOcurrencycodefortheresultoftheconversion(seetablebelow)
fullprecision [Optional]Logicalvaluerepresentingwhethertodisplaythevalueinfullprecisionornot;ifomitted,thevalueisnotdisplayedinfullprecision
triangulation [Optional]Integergreaterthanorequalto3thatspecifiesthenumberofsignificantdigitstobeusedfortheintermediateEurovaluewhenconvertingbetweentwoEuromembercurrencies
Iftriangulationisomitted,thecalculationdoesnotroundtheintermediateEurovalue.IfitisincludedwhenconvertingfromaEuromembercurrencytotheEuro,thecalculationfindstheintermediateEurovaluethatcouldthenbeconvertedtoaEuromembercurrency.
Remarks
Thisfunctiondoesnotconvertallcurrencies;onlythoseEuromembercurrencieslistedinthistable.
Country/Region ISOCurrencyCodeBelgium BEF
Luxembourg LUF
Germany DEM
Spain ESP
France FRF
Ireland IEP
Italy ITL
Netherlands NLG
Austria ATS
Portugal PTE
Finland FIM
Euromemberstate EUR
ISOCurrencyCodesarefromISO4217,theinternationalstandarddescribingthree-lettercodestodefinethenamesofcurrencies.ISOisthenicknamefortheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.Thefirsttwolettersofthecode
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Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
arethetwo-lettercountrycodes(ISO3166)andthethirdisusuallytheinitialofthecurrencyitself.SoBEFisBelgiumFranc.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdataformostarguments;thefullprecisionargumentisalogicalvalue.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
EUROCONVERT(B5,"DEM","EUR")
EUROCONVERT(R5C2,"DEM","EUR", TRUE, 3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROUND|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 218
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EVEN
Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvalueuptothenearesteveninteger.
Syntax
EVEN(value)
Arguments
Theargumentcanbeanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbytheargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
EVEN(A3)
EVEN(R1C2)
EVEN(5) gives the result 6
EVEN(-2.5) gives the result -4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CEILING|FLOOR|ODD|ISEVEN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 219
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EXACT
Thisfunctionreturnstrueiftwostringsarethesame;otherwise,false.
Syntax
EXACT(text1,text2)
Arguments
Theargumentsaretextstrings.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncomparesthestringinthefirstargumenttothestringinthesecondargument.
Althoughthisfunctioniscase-sensitive,itignoresformattingdifferences.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsbooleandata(trueorfalse).
Examples
EXACT(A3,A5)
EXACT(R3C1,R5C1)
EXACT(""SPREAD"",""spread"") gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CONCATENATE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 220
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EXP
Thisfunctionreturnseraisedtothepowerofthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
EXP(value)
Arguments
Theargumentforthisfunctionisanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Mathematically,thisfunctionis(ex).
ThisfunctionistheinverseofLN,soEXP(LN(x))resultsinx.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
EXP(B3)
EXP(R1C2)
EXP(1) gives the result 2.7182818285
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LN|LOG|POWER|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 221
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EXPON.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialdistributionortheprobabilitydensity.
Syntax
EXPON.DIST(value,lambda,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueofthefunction;mustbepositiveorzero
lambda Parametervalue;mustbegreaterthanzero
cumulative Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitydensity
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontomodelthetimebetweenevents,suchashowlonganautomatedbanktellertakestodelivercash.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontodeterminetheprobabilitythattheprocesstakesatmostoneminute.
Thecumulativedistributioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthevalueargument,lambdaisthelambdaargument.
Theprobabilitydensityiscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthevalueargument,lambdaisthelambdaargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata,exceptthethirdargument,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
EXPON.DIST(C12,10,TRUE)
EXPON.DIST(R12C3,8,FALSE)
EXPON.DIST(0.2,10,TRUE)givestheresult0.8646647167633873
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 222
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EXPONDIST
Spread Formula Reference 223
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
EXPONDIST
Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialdistributionortheprobabilitydensity.
Syntax
EXPONDIST(value,lambda,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueofthefunction;mustbepositiveorzero
lambda Parametervalue;mustbegreaterthanzero
cumulative Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitydensity
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontomodelthetimebetweenevents,suchashowlonganautomatedbanktellertakestodelivercash.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontodeterminetheprobabilitythattheprocesstakesatmostoneminute.
Thecumulativedistributioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthevalueargument,lambdaisthelambdaargument.
Theprobabilitydensityiscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthevalueargument,lambdaisthelambdaargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata,exceptthethirdargument,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
EXPONDIST(C12,10,TRUE)
EXPONDIST(R12C3,8,FALSE)
EXPONDIST(0.2,10,TRUE) gives the result 0.8646647168
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 224
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BINOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 225
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
F.DIST
ThisfunctioncalculatestheFprobabilitydistribution,toseedegreesofdiversitybetweentwosetsofdata.
Syntax
F.DIST(value,degnum,degden,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
F.DIST(A1,2,2,TRUE)
F.DIST(R1C1,2,1,TRUE)
F.DIST(16.83975,5,3,TRUE)givestheresult0.9789999175380504
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FDIST
Spread Formula Reference 226
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
F.DIST.RT
ThisfunctioncalculatestheFprobabilitydistribution,toseedegreesofdiversitybetweentwosetsofdata.
Syntax
F.DIST.RT(value,degnum,degden)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
F.DIST.RT(A1,2,2)
F.DIST.RT(R1C1,2,1)
F.DIST.RT(16.83975,5,3)givestheresult0.021000082461949843
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FDIST
Spread Formula Reference 227
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
F.INV
ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution.
Syntax
F.INV(p,degnum,degden)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionp ProbabilityassociatedwiththeFcumulativedistribution
degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=F.DIST(x,...),thenF.INV(p,...)=x.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
F.INV(A1,2,2)
F.INV(R1C1,2,1)
F.INV(0.021,5,3)givestheresult0.11813305544967191
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FINV
Spread Formula Reference 228
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
F.INV.RT
ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution.
Syntax
F.INV.RT(p,degnum,degden)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionp ProbabilityassociatedwiththeFcumulativedistribution
degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=FDIST.RT(x,...),thenFINV.RT(p,...)=x.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
F.INV.RT(A1,2,2)
F.INV.RT(R1C1,2,1)
F.INV.RT(0.021,5,3)givestheresult16.83979663538795
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FINV
Spread Formula Reference 229
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
F.TEST
ThisfunctionreturnstheresultofanF-test,whichreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilitythatthevariancesintwoarraysarenotsignificantlydifferent.
Syntax
F.TEST(array1,array2)
Arguments
Theargumentsmaybearraysofvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
F.TEST(A1:D34,A35:D68)
F.TEST(R1C1:R34C4,R35C1:R68C4)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FTEST
Spread Formula Reference 230
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FACT
Thisfunctioncalculatesthefactorialofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
FACT(number)
Arguments
Theargumentcanbeanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Thefactorialistheproductofthepositiveintegerslessthanorequaltoanumberandiscalculatedas1x2x3x...xnumber,andistypicallywrittenasn!fornbeingthenumber.Forexample,4!is1x2x3x4,whichis24.Theargumentmustbeanon-negativenumber.Ifyouprovideanumberthatisnotanintegerfortheargument,thedecimalportionofthenumberisignored.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FACT(B3)
FACT(R1C2)
FACT(10) gives the result 3628800
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FACTDOUBLE|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 231
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FACTDOUBLE
Thisfunctioncalculatesthedoublefactorialofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
FACTDOUBLE(number)
Arguments
Theargumentcanbeanynon-negativenumericvalue.
Remarks
Thenumberargumentmustbeanon-negativenumber.Ifyouprovideanumberthatisnotanintegerforthenumberargument,thedecimalportionofthenumberisignored.Thedoublefactorialiscalculatedasfollowsforevennumbers:
n!!=n(n-2)(n-4)...(4)(2)
Thedoublefactorialiscalculatedasfollowsforoddnumbers:
n!!=n(n-2)(n-4)...(3)(1)
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FACTDOUBLE(E3)
FACTDOUBLE(R3C5)
FACTDOUBLE(6) gives the result 48
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FACT|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 232
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FALSE
ThisfunctionreturnsthevalueforlogicalFALSE.
Syntax
FALSE()
Remarks
Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.
DataTypes
Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumeric(boolean)data.
Example
FALSE()givestheresult0(FALSE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IF|TRUE|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 233
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FDIST
ThisfunctioncalculatestheFprobabilitydistribution,toseedegreesofdiversitybetweentwosetsofdata.
Syntax
FDIST(value,degnum,degden)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FDIST(A1,2,2)
FDIST(R1C1,2,1)
FDIST(16.83975,5,3) gives the result 0.021
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FINV|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 234
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FILTER
Thisfunctionallowsuserstofilteracellrangeonthebasisofthedefinedcriteria.TheFilteroperationcanbeperformedbasedonasinglecriterionormultiplecriteria.
Inordertocombinetwoormorefilterconditions,userscanusethe"*"operatorandthe"+"operator.The*operatorwillmultiplytwosetsofconditionsinordertojointhefiltercriteriawithANDlogic[whenboththefilterconditionshavetobeTRUE].The+operatorwillsimplyjointhetwosetsofconditionswithORlogic[whenonefilterconditioncanbeTRUEandtheothercanbeFALSE].
Syntax
FILTER(array,include,[if_empty])
Arguments
FILTERfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttofilter.
include [required]Specifiesthefilterconditionexpressedusinganintersectingsub-rangeandconditionalexpressions.
if_empty [optional]Specifiestheoptionalvaluethatuserswanttoreturnwhenthefilterresultisempty.Ifvalueisnotspecifiedforthisparameter,then#CALC!erroristhrown.
DataTypes
Acceptsacellrangeoranarrayofdatathatyouwanttofilter.Returnsafilteredarray.
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellF5inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=FILTER(A5:D17,C5:C17=F1)".ThisformulafiltersthecellrangeA5toD17basedononefiltercriteria(whenthecellrangeC5toC17matchestheProductvalueincellF1i.e.Apple).Asaresult,allthevaluesinthecellrangeA5toD17containingproductas"Apple"willbedisplayed.
Inanotherexample,thecellF14inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=FILTER(A5:D17,(C5:C17=F1)*(A5:A17=F2))".ThisformulafiltersthecellrangeA5toD17basedontwofilterconditionsthatarespecifiedbythemultiplication(*)operator.ThefirstconditionisthecellrangeC5toC17shouldmatchtheProductvalueincellF1i.e.AppleandthesecondconditionisthecellrangeA5toA17shouldmatchtheregion"East".Asaresult,allthevaluesinthecellrangeA5toD17containingProductas"Apple"andRegionas"East"willbedisplayed.
Spread Formula Reference 235
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 236
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FILTERXML
ThisfunctionreturnsspecificdatafromtheXMLcontentusingthespecifiedXPath.
Syntax
FILTERXML(xml,xpath)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionxml ReferstoavalidXMLformattedstring
xpath ReferstoastandardXPathformattedstring
Remarks
IftheXMLstringisinvalidorifitcontainsanamespacewithaprefixwhichisnotvalid,thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
FILTERXML(A3,"//cd/@title")
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 237
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FIND
Thisfunctionfindsonetextvaluewithinanotherandreturnsthetextvalue’spositioninthetextyousearched.
Syntax
FIND(findtext,intext,start)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionfindtext Textyouaretryingtofind;ifempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirstcharacterinthesearchstring
(thatis,thecharacternumberedstartor1);cannotcontainwildcardcharacters
intext Textthroughwhichyouaresearching
start [Optional]Numberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch;thefirstcharacterofintextis1;ifomitted,thecalculationstartsat1;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Thisfunctionperformsacase-specificsearch(forexample,tospecifyacapitalletterandnotlowercaseletters).
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthefindtextargument,stringdatafortheintextargument,andnumericdataforthestartargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FIND(""G"",A2,1)
FIND(""G"",R2C1,1)
FIND(""P"",""FarPoint Technologies"") gives the result 4
FIND(""n"",""FarPoint Technologies"",8) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
REPLACE|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 238
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FINDB
Thisfunctionfindsthespecifiedtextstring(1)withinanothertextstring(2)andreturnsthenumberofthestartingpositionofthespecifiedtextstring(1)fromthefirstcharacteroftheanothertextstring(2).
Syntax
FINDB(findtext,intext,start)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionfindtext Referstothetextyouaretryingtofind.Ifthevalueisempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirst
characterinthesearchstring(i.e.thecharacternumberedstartor1).Thisvaluecannotcontainwildcardcharacters.
intext Referstothetextthroughwhichyouaresearching.
start [Optional]Referstothenumberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch.Thefirstcharacterofintextis1;ifomitted,thecalculationstartsat1.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Remarks
TheFINDBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.
Thisfunctionperformsacase-specificsearch(forexample,tospecifyacapitalletterandnotlowercaseletters).
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthefindtextargument,stringdatafortheintextargument,andnumericdataforthestartargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FINDB("ea","rheabuto")givestheresult3.
FINDB("to","rheabuto")givestheresult7.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 239
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FINV
ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution.
Syntax
FINV(p,degnum,degden)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionp ProbabilityassociatedwiththeFcumulativedistribution
degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Ifeitherdegnumordegdenisnotaninteger,itistruncated.
Remarks
ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=FDIST(x,...),thenFINV(p,...)=x.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FINV(A1,2,2)
FINV(R1C1,2,1)
FINV(0.021,5,3) gives the result 16.83975
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 240
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FISHER
ThisfunctionreturnstheFishertransformationforaspecifiedvalue.
Syntax
FISHER(value)
Arguments
Provideanumericvaluethatislessthan1andgreaterthan–1forwhichyouwantthetransformation.
Remarks
Thistransformationproducesanapproximatelynormaldistribution.Usethisfunctiontoperformhypothesistestingonthecorrelationcoefficient.
TheFishertransformationiscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthevalueargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FISHER(A43)
FISHER(R4C12)
FISHER(-0.65) gives the result -0.7752987062
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FISHERINV|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 241
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FISHERINV
ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFishertransformationforaspecifiedvalue.
Syntax
FISHERINV(value)
Arguments
Theargumentisthespecifiednumericvalue.
Remarks
Usethistransformationwhenanalyzingcorrelationsbetweenrangesorarraysofdata.ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFishertransformation,soify=FISHER(x),thenFISHERINV(y)=x.
TheinverseFishertransformationiscalculatedasfollows:
whereyisthevalueargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FISHERINV(A43)
FISHERINV(R4C12)
FISHERINV(0.56) gives the result 0.5079774329
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FISHER|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 242
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FIXED
Thisfunctionroundsanumbertothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces,formatsthenumberindecimalformatusingaperiodandcommas(ifsospecified),andreturnstheresultastext.
Syntax
FIXED(num,digits,notcomma)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnum Numbertoroundandconverttotext
digits [Optional]Numberofdecimalplaces;ifomitted,usestwoplaces
notcomma [Optional]Logicalvaluewhethernottousecommas;ifomittedorFALSE,returnswithcommas
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforfirsttwoarguments;acceptslogicalvalueforthethirdargument.Returnsstring(text)data.
Examples
FIXED(B3)
FIXED(R3C2,2,FALSE)
FIXED(4.2365,3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DOLLAR|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 243
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FLOOR
Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalue.
Syntax
FLOOR(value,signif)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor
Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedtowardzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FLOOR(C4,B2)
FLOOR(B3,0.05)
FLOOR(R1C2,1)
FLOOR(4.65,2) gives the result 4
FLOOR(-2.78,-1) gives the result -2
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CEILING|EVEN|ODD|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 244
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FLOOR.MATH
Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
FLOOR.MATH(value,signif,mode)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor
mode [Optional]Representsthedirection(towardsorawayfrom0)toroundnegativevalue
Remarks
Positivenumberswithdecimalpartsareroundeddowntothenearestinteger.
Negativenumberswithdecimalpartsareroundedawayfrom0tothenearestinteger.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FLOOR.MATH(-3.1,3,4)givestheresult-3
FLOOR.MATH(-6.3,8)givestheresult-8
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 245
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FLOOR.PRECISE
Summary
Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueortothenearestinteger.
Syntax
FLOOR.PRECISE(value,signif)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor
Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedtowardzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FLOOR.PRECISE(C4,B2)
FLOOR.PRECISE(B3,0.05)
FLOOR.PRECISE(R1C2,1)
FLOOR.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult4
FLOOR.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 246
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FORECAST
Thisfunctioncalculatesafuturevalueusingexistingvalues.
Syntax
FORECAST(value,Yarray,Xarray)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueforwhichtopredictthefuturedependentvalue
Yarray Anarrayofknowndependentvalues(y’s)
Xarray Anarrayofknownindependentvalues(x’s)
Remarks
Thepredictedvalueisayvalueforagivenxvalue.Theknownvaluesareexistingxvaluesandyvalues,andthenewvalueispredictedbyusinglinearregression.Youcanusethisfunctiontopredictfuturesales,inventoryrequirements,orconsumertrends.
Thisfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherevisthevalueargument,YistheYarrayargument,XistheXarrayargument,andnisthesizeofthearrays.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FORECAST(30,G1:G9,F1:F9)
FORECAST(30,R1C7:R9C7,R1C6:R9C6)
FORECAST(45,{53000,57000,58000,69000,74500,55620,80000, 68700},{35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39}) gives the result 67060.8665320360
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
INTERCEPT|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 247
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FORECAST.LINEAR
Thisfunctioncalculatesfuturevaluebyusingexistingvalues.
Syntax
FORECAST.LINEAR(x, known_y, known_x)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionx Referstothenumericdataspecyfingdatapointtopredictavaluefor.
known_y Referstothenumericdata(array)specifyingknowny-values.
known_x Referstothenumericdata(array)specifyingknownx-values.
Remarks
Thisfunctionpredictsanewvalueonalinearbasis.Hence,ifthedatafollowsseasonalvariances,thisfunctionisnotuseful.
DataTypes
Acceptsonlynumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FORECAST.LINEAR(7,B4:B8,C4:C8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 248
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FORMULATEXT
Thisfunctionreturnsaformulaasastring.
Syntax
FORMULATEXT(reference)
Arguments
Specifythereferencetosinglecellorrangeofcellsfortheargument.
Remarks
Inthisfunction,textdisplayedintheformulabarofthespecifiedcellisreturned.Referenceargumentcanrefertocell(orcells)ofanotherworksheetorworkbooktoo.Valueofupperleftmostcellorrowisreturned,ifanentireroworcolumnisrefered.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferenceforargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
FORMULATEXT(B7)givesthevalue#N/A
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 249
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FREQUENCY
Thisfunctioncalculateshowoftenvaluesoccurwithinarangeofvalues.Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalarrayofnumbers.
Syntax
FREQUENCY(dataarray,binarray)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondataarray Arrayofvaluesorareferencetoasetofvaluesforwhichtocountfrequencies
binarray Arrayofintervalsorareferencetointervalsintowhichtogroupthevaluesofdataarray
Remarks
Thenumberofelementsinthereturnedarrayisonegreaterthanthenumberofelementsinbinarray.Theextraelementinthereturnedarrayisthecountofvaluesindataarraythatisabovethehighestvalueinbinarray.
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarrays.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
FREQUENCY(A1:A7,C2:C5)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|CONFIDENCE|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 250
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FTEST
ThisfunctionreturnstheresultofanF-test,whichreturnstheone-tailedprobabilitythatthevariancesintwoarraysarenotsignificantlydifferent.
Syntax
FTEST(array1,array2)
Arguments
Theargumentsmaybearraysofvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FTEST(A1:D34,A35:D68)
FTEST(R1C1:R34C4,R35C1:R68C4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ZTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 251
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FV
Thisfunctionreturnsthefuturevalueofaninvestmentbasedonapresentvalue,periodicpayments,andaspecifiedinterestrate.
Syntax
FV(rate,numper,paymt,pval,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Interestrateexpressedaspercentage(perperiod)
numper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods
paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod
pval [Optional]Presentvalue;ifomitted,useszeroandthecalculationisbasedonthepaymtargument.
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
Remarks
Useconsistentunitsforspecifyingtherateandnumberofperiodsarguments.Ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonafive-yearloanat8percentannualinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargumentand5*12forthenumberofperiodsargument.Ifyoumakeannualpaymentsonthesameloan,use0.08forrateand5fornumberofperiods.
Forthearguments,moneypaidout(suchasdepositsinaninvestment)isrepresentedbynegativenumbers;moneyyoureceive(suchasdividendchecks)isrepresentedbypositivenumbers.
SeethePVfunctionfortheequationsforcalculatingfinancialvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FV(A1/12,48,B1,1000,0)
FV(R1C1/12,48,R1C2,1000,0)
FV(0.005,60,-100,100,1) gives the result $6877.00
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FVSCHEDULE|NPER|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 252
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
FVSCHEDULE
Thisfunctionreturnsthefuturevalueofaninitialprincipalafterapplyingaseriesofcompoundinterestrates.Calculatefuturevalueofaninvestmentwithavariableoradjustablerate.
Syntax
FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprincipal Presentvalueoftheprincipal
schedule Schedule,arrayofinterestratestoapply
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
FVSCHEDULE(4,A1:C1)
FVSCHEDULE(45,R1C1:R7C1)
FVSCHEDULE(1000,{0.8,0.6,0.7}) gives the result 4896
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 253
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMA
Thisfunctioncalculatesthegammafunctionvalue.
Syntax
GAMMA(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberwhosevalueiseithergreaterthan1orequalto1.
Remarks
Thevaluepassedintheargumentsshouldnotbeanegativeintegeror0.Ifthespecifiednumberisa0oranegativeinteger,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!error.
Ifthespecifiednumberpossessesinvalidcharacters,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!error.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMA(7.5)givestheresult1871.254
GAMMA(1)givestheresult1
GAMMA(-1.23)givestheresult#NUM!
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 254
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMA.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthegammadistribution.
Syntax
GAMMA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction.
Remarks
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMA.DIST(A5,1,3,FALSE)
GAMMA.DIST(R5C1,2,1,TRUE)
GAMMA.DIST(4,3,2,TRUE)givestheresult0.3233235838169362
GAMMA.DIST(4,3,2,FALSE)givestheresult0.1353352832366127
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GAMMA
Spread Formula Reference 255
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMA.INV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthegammacumulativedistribution.
Syntax
GAMMA.INV(p,alpha,beta)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionp Probability
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
Remarks
ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=GAMMA.DIST(x,...),thenGAMMA.INV(p,...)=x.Thestandardgammadistributionisreturnedifbeta=1.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMA.INV(A3,3,4)
GAMMA.INV(0.8902,R3C8,R3C9)
GAMMA.INV(0.75,2,3)givestheresult8.077903586669088
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GAMMA
Spread Formula Reference 256
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMADIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthegammadistribution.
Syntax
GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction.
Remarks
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMADIST(A5,1,3,FALSE)
GAMMADIST(R5C1,2,1,TRUE)
GAMMADIST(4,3,2,TRUE) gives the result 0.3233235838
GAMMADIST(4,3,2,FALSE) gives the result 0.1353352832
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BETADIST|GAMMAINV|GAMMALN|KURT|POISSON|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 257
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMAINV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthegammacumulativedistribution.
Syntax
GAMMAINV(p,alpha,beta)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionp Probability
alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution
beta Betaparameterofthedistribution
Remarks
ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=GAMMADIST(x,...),thenGAMMAINV(p,...)=x.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMAINV(A3,3,4)
GAMMAINV(0.8902,R3C8,R3C9)
GAMMAINV(0.75,2,3) gives the result 8.0779035867
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GAMMADIST|GAMMALN|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 258
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMALN
ThisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmoftheGammafunction,G(x).
Syntax
GAMMALN(value)
Arguments
Theargumentisanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Thisfunctioniscalculatedasthenaturallogarithm(LN)oftheGammafunction.
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
wherexisthevalueargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMALN(A4)
GAMMALN(R4C1)
GAMMALN(12) gives the result 17.5023078459
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GAMMADIST|GAMMAINV|LN|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 259
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMALN.PRECISE
ThisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmoftheGammafunction,G(x).
Syntax
GAMMALN.PRECISE(value)
Arguments
Theargumentisanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Thisfunctioniscalculatedasthenaturallogarithm(LN)oftheGammafunction.Ifvalueisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.Ifx≤0,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAMMALN.PRECISE(A4)
GAMMALN.PRECISE(R4C1)
GAMMALN.PRECISE(12)givestheresult17.502307845873887
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GAMMA
Spread Formula Reference 260
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAUSS
Thisfunctionreturnstheprobability(intheformofanumericvalue)specifyingthatamemberofastandardnormalpopulationwillfallbetweenthemeanandspecifiedstandarddeviationsfromthemean.
Syntax
GAUSS(z)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumber.
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorvalueifzisnotavalidnumberoravaliddatatype.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GAUSS(10)givestheresult0.5
GAUSS(-5)givestheresult-0.499
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 261
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GCD
Thisfunctionreturnsthegreatestcommondivisoroftwonumbers.
Syntax
GCD(number1,number2)
Arguments
Theargumentsaretwonumericvaluesorarrays.Iftheargumentsarenotintegers,theyaretruncatedtointegers.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Thegreatestcommondivisoristhelargestintegerthatdividesbothnumberswithoutaremainder.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GCD(B5,G7)
GCD(R5C2,R7C7)
GCD(3348,972) gives the result 108 GCD(12.8,16.3) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LCM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 262
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GEOMEAN
Thisfunctionreturnsthegeometricmeanofasetofpositivedata.
Syntax
GEOMEAN(value1,value2,...)
GEOMEAN(array)
GEOMEAN(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Youcanspecifyasetofnumericvalues.Youcanalsouseasinglearrayorareferencetoanarrayinsteadofargumentsseparatedbycommas.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Datashouldbeprovidedsothatthevalueargumentsshouldbegreaterthanzero.
Remarks
Youcanusethisfunctiontocalculateaveragegrowthrategivencompoundinterestwithvariablerates.
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
GEOMEAN(F1:F9)
GEOMEAN(R1C6:R9C6)
GEOMEAN(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 40.1461796637
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HARMEAN|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 263
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GESTEP
Thisfunction,greaterthanorequaltostep,returnsanindicationofwhetheranumberisequaltoathreshold.
Syntax
GESTEP(number,step)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Valuetotestagainstthestep(whichiseithersteporzero)
step [Optional]Valueofthethresholdagainstwhichtotest;ifomitted,useszero
Remarks
Ifthenumberisgreaterthanorequaltothestep,thisfunctionreturnsone.Otherwiseitreturnszero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumeric(0or1)data.
Examples
GESTEP(B5,7)
GESTEP(43) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DELTA|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 264
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GROWTH
Thisfunctioncalculatespredictedexponentialgrowth.Thisfunctionreturnstheyvaluesforaseriesofnewxvaluesthatarespecifiedbyusingexistingxandyvalues.
Syntax
GROWTH(y,x,newx,constant)
Remarks
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x
x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x
newx Newxvaluesforwhichthisfunctionsreturnsthecorrespondingyvalues
constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal1
Ifconstantistrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally.Ifconstantisfalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=m^x.
Ifxisomittedthenxdefaultstothearray{1,2,3...},thathasthesamedimensionsasy.
Ifnewxisomittedthenitdefaultstox.
Remarks
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
GROWTH(A2:A7,C2:C7,A9:A10)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|FREQUENCY|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|TREND|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 265
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions H to L
FunctionsHtoL
HARMEAN HEX2BIN HEX2DEC HEX2OCT
HLOOKUP HOUR HYPERLINK HYPGEOM.DIST
HYPGEOMDIST IF IFERROR IFNA
IFS IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT
IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH IMCOT
IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV IMEXP
IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER
IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC IMSECH
IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT IMSUB
IMSUM IMTAN INDEX INDIRECT
INFO INT INTERCEPT INTRATE
IPMT IRR ISBLANK ISERR
ISERROR ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL
ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISO.CEILING
ISODD ISOWEEKNUM ISPMT ISREF
ISTEXT JIS KURT LARGE
LCM LEFT LEFTB LEN
LENB LINEST LN LOG
LOG10 LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORM.DIST
LOGNORM.INV LOGNORMDIST LOOKUP LOWER
Spread Formula Reference 266
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HARMEAN
Thisfunctionreturnstheharmonicmeanofadataset.
Syntax
HARMEAN(value1,value2,...)
HARMEAN(array)
HARMEAN(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Youcanspecifyasetofnumericvalues.Youcanalsouseasinglearrayorareferencetoanarrayinsteadofargumentsseparatedbycommas.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Datashouldbeprovidedsothatthevalueargumentsshouldbegreaterthanzero.
Remarks
Theharmonicmeanisalwayslessthanthegeometricmean,whichisalwayslessthanthearithmeticmean
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HARMEAN(F1:F9)
HARMEAN(R1C6:R9C6)
HARMEAN(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 39.2384929823
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GEOMEAN|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 267
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HEX2BIN
Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoabinarynumber.
Syntax
HEX2BIN(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Hexadecimalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbebetweenFFFFFFFE00and1FF
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthenumberisnotavalidhexadecimalvalueorifthevalueforplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HEX2BIN("F",5)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HEX2DEC|HEX2OCT|BIN2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 268
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HEX2DEC
Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoadecimalnumber.
Syntax
HEX2DEC(number)
Arguments
Specifythenumbertoconvert,whichislimitedtoamaximumof10characters.
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidormorethan10characters.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HEX2DEC("FF")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HEX2BIN|HEX2OCT|BIN2DEC|OCT2DEC|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 269
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HEX2OCT
Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoanoctalnumber.
Syntax
HEX2OCT(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Hexadecimalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbebetweenFFE0000000and1FFFFFFF
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthenumberisnotavalidhexadecimalnumberorifthevalueforplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HEX2OCT("2B")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HEX2BIN|HEX2DEC|BIN2OCT|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 270
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HLOOKUP
Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueinthetoprowandthenreturnsavalueinthesamecolumnfromaspecifiedrow.
Syntax
HLOOKUP(value,array,row,approx)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valuetobefoundinthefirstrow
array Arrayorrangethatcontainsthedatatosearch
row Rownumberinthearrayfromwhichthematchingvaluewillbereturned
approx [Optional]Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertofindanapproximatematch;ifomitted,usesTRUEandfindsanapproximatematch
Remarks
IfapproxisFALSE,itfindsanexactmatch,notanapproximatematch.Ifitcannotfindone,itreturnsan#N/Aerrorvalue.
IfapproxisTRUEoromitted,andthevaluecannotbefound,thenthelargestvaluethatislessthanthevalueisused.
ThisfunctionissimilartoVLOOKUPexceptthatitsearchesbyrow(horizontally),insteadofvertically(bycolumn).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HLOOKUP("Test",A1:D5,3,TRUE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
VLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 271
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HOUR
Thisfunctionreturnsthehourthatcorrespondstoaspecifiedtime.
Syntax
HOUR(time)
Arguments
Specifythetimeargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),aDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asinTIME(12,0,0).Formoredetailsonthedateandtimeinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions
Datesasnumericvaluesareintheformx.y,wherexisthe"numberofdayssinceDecember30,1899"andyisthefractionofday.Numberstotheleftrepresentthedate.Timesasnumericvaluesaredecimalfractionsrangingfrom0to0.99999999,representingthetimesfrom0:00:00(12:00:00A.M.)to23:59:59(11:59:59P.M.).
Remarks
Thehourisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0(12:00A.M.)to23(11:00P.M.).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HOUR(A2)
HOUR(R2C1)
HOUR(0.25) gives the result 6
HOUR(347.25) gives the result 6
HOUR("2:22 PM") gives the result 14
HOUR("2:22 AM") gives the result 2
HOUR(TIME(12,0,0))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MINUTE|SECOND|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 272
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HYPERLINK
ThisfunctioncreatesshortcutthatopensdocumentstoredontheInternet.
Syntax
HYPERLINK(link,[display_name])
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionlink ReferstotheURLofthedocument
display_name [Optional]Referstothetextthatappearsinthecell;ifthisisexculede,wholelinkappearsinthecell
Remarks
Clickthecellandholdthemousebuttonuntilpointerbecomesacross,toselectthecellandnotjumptothehyperlinkdestination.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
HYPERLINK("http://grapecity.com","Clickfordemo")givestheresultClickforDemo
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 273
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HYPGEOM.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthehypergeometricdistribution.
Syntax
HYPGEOM.DIST(x,n,M,N,cumulative)
Arguments
Theargumentsareasfollows,andaretruncatedifnotintegers:
Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthesample
n Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthesample
M Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthepopulation
N Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthepopulation
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifthisargumentisFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction
Remarks
Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HYPGEOM.DIST(A22,B23,62,1000,C10)
HYPGEOM.DIST(R22C11,R22C12,R34C14,R35C15,R10C5)
HYPGEOM.DIST(2,37,6,100,200)givestheresult0.6079646750428083
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HYPGEOMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 274
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
HYPGEOMDIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthehypergeometricdistribution.
Syntax
HYPGEOMDIST(x,n,M,N)
Arguments
Theargumentsareasfollows,andaretruncatedifnotintegers:
Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthesample
n Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthesample
M Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthepopulation
N Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthepopulation
Remarks
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
HYPGEOMDIST(A22,B23,62,1000)
HYPGEOMDIST(R22C11,R22C12,R34C14,R35C15)
HYPGEOMDIST(2,37,6,100) gives the result 0.3327981975
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST|GAMMADIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 275
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IF
Thisfunctionperformsacomparisonandreturnsoneoftwoprovidedvaluesbasedonthatcomparison.
Syntax
IF(valueTest,valueTrue,valueFalse)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument DescriptionvalueTest Valueorexpressiontoevaluate
valueTrue Valuetoreturnifthetestevaluatestotrue
valueFalse Valuetoreturnifthetestevaluatestofalse
Remarks
ThevalueofvalueTestisevaluated.Ifitisnon-zero(orTRUE),thenvalueTrueisreturned.Ifitiszero(orFALSE),thenvalueFalseisreturned.ThevalueofvalueTestmustbeorevaluatetonumericdata,wherenon-zerovaluesindicateTRUE,andavalueofzeroindicatesFALSE.Itmaycontainoneoftherelationaloperators:greaterthan(>),lessthan(<),equalto(=),ornotequalto(<>).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric(boolean)data.Returnsanydatatype.
Example
IF(A3<>2000,1900,2000)
IF(R1C2>65,1000,2000)
IF(C4,B2,B4)
IF(1>2,5,10)givestheresult10
IF(1<2,""dogs"",""cats"")givestheresultdogs
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AND|FALSE|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 276
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IFERROR
Thisfunctionevaluatesaformulaandreturnsavalueyouprovideifthereisanerrorortheformularesult.
Syntax
IFERROR(value,error)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueorexpressiontoevaluate
error Valuetoreturniftheformulareturnsanerror
Remarks
Thefollowingerrortypesareevaluated,#VALUE!,#REF!,#NUM!,#NAME?,#DIV/O,#N/A,or#NULL
DataTypes
Acceptsanytypeofformulaforthevalue.Returnsanydatatype.
Example
IFERROR(A3/A5,"dogs")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AND|FALSE|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 277
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IFNA
Thisfunctioncalculatesthespecifiedvalueiftheformulareturns#N/Aerror,otherwiseitreturnstheactualresultoftheformula.
Syntax
IFNA(value, value_if_na)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Referstoanumber,orexpressionthatneedstobetested
value_if_na Referstoanalternatenumber,orexpressionthatisreturnedifvaluereturns#N/Aerror
Remarks
Ifvalueorvalue_if_naisempty,IFNAtreatsitasanemptystringvalue("").
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string(oranyexpression)dataforbotharguments.
Examples
IFNA(VLOOKUP("Sweden",$A$6:$B$8,0),"Notfound")givestheresultNotfound.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 278
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IFS
ThisfunctionperformsacomparisonandreturnsthespecifiedassociatedvalueifcomparisionisTRUE.
Syntax
IFS(condition,value1, [condition2,value2],...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptioncondition1 Referstoavalueorexpressiontoevaluate.
value1 Referstoavaluetoreturnifthetestevaluatestotrue.
[condition2,value2],... [Optional]Referstomoreconditionstobecompared(nestedIFstatements).
Remarks
Thisfunctionallowsuserstotestupto127differentconditions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric(boolean)dataforbotharguments.Returnsanydatatype.
Examples
IFS(A289,"A",A279,"B")givestheresultB.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 279
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMABS
Thisfunctionreturnstheabsolutevalueormodulusofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMABS(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheabsolutevalue.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsnumberdata.
Examples
IMABS("3+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 280
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMAGINARY
Thisfunctionreturnstheimaginarycoefficientofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMAGINARY(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheimaginarycoefficient.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsnumberdata.
Examples
IMAGINARY("3+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMREAL|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 281
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMARGUMENT
Thisfunctionreturnstheargumenttheta,whichisanangleexpressedinradians.
Syntax
IMARGUMENT(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheargumenttheta.
Remarks
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheargumenttheta.
Anerrorisreturnedifnumberisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsnumberdata.
Examples
IMARGUMENT("3+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMCOS|IMSIN|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 282
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMCONJUGATE
Thisfunctionreturnsthecomplexconjugateofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMCONJUGATE(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheconjugate.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMCONJUGATE("3+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMABS|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 283
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMCOS
Thisfunctionreturnsthecosineofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMCOS(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthecosine.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMCOS("3+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMSIN|IMARGUMENT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 284
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMCOSH
Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperboliccosineofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMCOSH(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperboliccosinefor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMCOSH("8-3i")givestheresult-1475.563
IMCOSH("7-2i")givestheresult-228.180
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 285
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMCOT
Thisfunctioncalculatesthecotangentofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMCOT(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthecotangentfor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexn_umargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMCOT("2-3i")givestheresult-0.0037
IMCOT("1-3i")givestheresult0.0044
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 286
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMCSC
Thisfunctioncalculatesthecosecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMCSC(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthecosecantfor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMCSC("13+3i")givestheresult0.0420
IMCSC("7+2i")givestheresult0.1819
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 287
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMCSCH
Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperboliccosecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMCSCH(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperboliccosecantfor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMCSCH("15+i")givestheresult3.3055
IMCSCH("8+4i")givestheresult-0.0004
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 288
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMDIV
Thisfunctionreturnsthequotientoftwocomplexnumbers.
Syntax
IMDIV(complexnum,complexdenom)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncomplexnum Complexnumeratorordividend
complexdenom Complexdenominatorordivisor
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnediftheargumentsarenotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMDIV("3+5j","10+20i")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMPRODUCT|IMSQRT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 289
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMEXP
Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMEXP(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheexponential.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMEXP("2+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMLN|IMLOG10|IMLOG2|IMPOWER|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 290
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMLN
Thisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMLN(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthenaturallogarithm.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMLN("2+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMEXP|IMLOG10|IMLOG2|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 291
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMLOG10
Thisfunctionreturnsthecommonlogarithmofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMLOG10(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthecommonlogarithm.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMLOG10("2+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMEXP|IMLN|IMLOG2|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 292
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMLOG2
Thisfunctionreturnsthebase-2logarithmofacomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMLOG2(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthebase-2logarithm.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMLOG2("2+5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMEXP|IMLN|IMLOG10|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 293
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMPOWER
Thisfunctionreturnsacomplexnumberraisedtoapower.
Syntax
IMPOWER(complexnum,powernum)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncomplexnum Complexnumbertoraisetoapower
powernum Powertowhichtoraisethecomplexnumber
Thepower(powernumargument)canbeaninteger,negative,orfractional.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifcomplexnumisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj"orifpowernumisnon-numeric.Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMPOWER("2+5j",4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMEXP|IMPRODUCT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 294
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMPRODUCT
Thisfunctionreturnstheproductofupto29complexnumbersinthe"x+yi"or"x+yj"textformat.
Syntax
IMPRODUCT(complexnum1,complexnum2,...)
Arguments
Theargumentsarethecomplexnumberstomultiply.Therecanbeupto29ofthem.
Arraysinthex+yiformatorrangereferencesareallowed.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnediftheargumentsarenotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMPRODUCT("2+5j",4)
IMPRODUCT({"1+2i","3+4i"})
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMDIV|IMPOWER|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 295
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMREAL
Thisfunctionreturnstherealcoefficientofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.
Syntax
IMREAL(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntherealcoefficient.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsnumberdata.
Examples
IMREAL("2-5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMAGINARY|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 296
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSEC
Thisfunctioncalculatesthesecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMSEC(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthesecantfor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSEC("11-2i")givestheresult0.00126
IMSEC("3-6i")givestheresult-0.00490
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 297
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSECH
Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperbolicsecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMSECH(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperbolicsecantfor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSECH("3+6i")givestheresult0.09544
IMSECH("7+2i")givestheresult-0.00075
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 298
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSIN
Thisfunctionreturnsthesineofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.
Syntax
IMSIN(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthesine.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSIN("2-5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMCOS|IMARGUMENT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 299
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSINH
Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperbolicsineofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMSINH(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperbolicsinefor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSINH("6+4i")givestheresult-131.848
IMSINH("4+4i")givestheresult-17.83
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 300
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSQRT
Thisfunctionreturnsthesquarerootofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.
Syntax
IMSQRT(complexnum)
Arguments
Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthesquareroot.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSQRT("2-5j")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IMDIV|IMPRODUCT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 301
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IMSUB
Thisfunctionreturnsthedifferenceoftwocomplexnumbersinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.
Syntax
IMSUB(complexnum1,complexnum2)
Arguments
Thecomplexnum1isacomplexnumberfromwhichtosubtracttheothercomplexnumbercomplexnum2.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnediftheargumentsarenotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSUB("2+5j","5+3i")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMSUM|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 302
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IMSUM
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumoftwoormorecomplexnumbersinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.
Syntax
IMSUM(complexnum1,complexnum2,...)
Arguments
Theargumentsarethecomplexnumberstomultiply.Therecanbeupto29ofthem.
Arraysinthe"x+yi"or"x+yj"formatorrangereferencesareallowed.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnediftheargumentsarenotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMSUM("2+5j","5+3i")
IMSUM(A1:B5)
IMSUM({"2+5j","5+3i"})
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMPLEX|IMSUB|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 303
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IMTAN
Thisfunctioncalculatesthetangentofspecifiedcomplexnumber.
Syntax
IMTAN(complex_num)
Arguments
Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthetangentfor.
Remarks
Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
IMTAN("8+2i")givestheresult-0.0109
IMTAN("9+3i")givestheresult-0.0037
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 304
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
INDEX
Thisfunctionreturnsavalueorthereferencetoavaluefromwithinanarrayorrange.
Syntax
INDEX(return,row,col,area)
Arguments
Theargumentsareasfollows,andaretruncatedifnotintegers:
Argument Descriptionreturn Returnsavalueorareferenceofacellorrangeofcells
row Rownumberintherange
col Columnnumberintherange
area [Ifreturnisacellrangereference]Areaoftherange
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
INDEX(A2:C3,2,2)
INDEX(R2C1:R3C3,5,3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHOOSE|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 305
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
INDIRECT
Thisfunctionreturnsthereferencespecifiedbyatextstring.
Syntax
INDIRECT(Reftext,A1)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument DescriptionReftext AreferencetoacellthatcontainsanA1reference,anR1C1reference,anamedefinedasareference,
oratextstringreferencetoacell.Thisargumentisrequired.
A1 AlogicalvaluethatspecifieswhattypeofreferenceiscontainedinthecellReftext.Thisargumentisoptional.
Remarks
UseINDIRECTwhenyouwanttochangethereferencetoacellwithinaformulawithoutchangingtheformulaitself.ReftextisinterpretedasanA1referenceifA1isTRUEoromitted.ReftextisinterpretedasanR1C1referenceifA1isFALSE.IfReftextisnotavalidcellreference,INDIRECTreturnsthe#REF!errorvalue.ChangingacellvaluecausestheINDIRECTfunctionandalldependentcellstorecalculate.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydata.Returnsanydatatype.
Example
INDIRECT("A1")
INDIRECT(A1)
INDIRECT("R[-"&B1&"]C[-"&B2&"]",false)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LOOKUP
Spread Formula Reference 306
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
INFO
Thisfunctionreturnsinformationabouttheoperatingsystem.
Syntax
INFO(text)
Arguments
Thetextargumentspecifiesthetypeofinformationtobereturned.
Thefollowingtypesoftextareavailable:
TextType
Returns
directory Currentdirectorypathorfolder
numfile Numberofactiveworksheets
origin Returnstheabsolutecellreferenceofthetopandleftmostcellvisibleinthewindow,basedonthecurrentscrollingposition
osversion Currentoperatingsystemversion(text)
recalc Currentrecalculationmode
release MicrosoftExcelversion(text)
system Operatingenvironment
DataTypes
Acceptsanydata.Returnsanydatatype.
Example
INFO("recalc")givestheresultAutomatic.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 307
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
INT
Thisfunctionroundsaspecifiednumberdowntothenearestinteger.
Syntax
INT(value)
Arguments
Useanynumericvaluefortheargument.
Remarks
Youcanusethisfunctiontoreturnthedecimalportionofthevalueinacellbysubtractingthevalueofthisfunctionforthecellfromthevalueinthecell,asillustratedinthefirstexample.
TheTRUNCandINTfunctionsaresimilarinthatbothreturnintegers.UsetheTRUNCfunctiontoremovethedecimalportionofthenumber;theTRUNCfunctiondoesnotroundupordown.UsetheINTfunctiontoroundnumbersdowntothenearestinteger-baseddecimalportionofthenumber.Thesefunctionsdifferalsowhenusingnegativenumbers:TRUNC(–4.2)returns–4,butINT(–4.2)returns–5because–5isthelowernumber.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
INT(A3)
R1C2-INT(R1C2)
INT(2.85) gives the result 2
INT(-2.85) gives the result -3
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 308
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INTERCEPT
Thisfunctionreturnsthecoordinatesofapointatwhichalineintersectsthey-axis,byusingexistingxvaluesandyvalues.
Syntax
INTERCEPT(dependent,independent)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondependent Anarrayofknowndependentvalues(y’s)
independent Anarrayofknownindependentvalues(x’s)
Youcanusenumbers,arrays,orreferencesforthearguments.
Remarks
Theinterceptpointisbasedonabest-fitregressionlineplottedthroughtheknownx-valuesandknowny-values.Usetheinterceptwhenyouwanttodeterminethevalueofthedependentvariablewhentheindependentvariableis0(zero).Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontopredictametal’selectricalresistanceat0°Cwhenyourdatapointsweretakenatroomtemperatureandhigher.
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
Thenumberofdependentdatapointsmustbeequaltothenumberofindependentdatapoints.
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
whereYisthearrayofdependentvariables,Xisthearrayofindependentvariables,andnisthesizeofthearrays.
DataTypes
Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
INTERCEPT(G1:G9,F1:F9)
INTERCEPT(R1C7:R9C7,R1C6:R9C6)
INTERCEPT({53000,57000,58000,69000,74500,55620,80000, 68700},{35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39}) gives the result 37060.4809987149
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FORECAST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 309
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
INTRATE
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinterestrateforafullyinvestedsecurity.
Syntax
INTRATE(settle,mature,invest,redeem,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity.
mature Maturitydateforthesecurity.
invest Amountinvestedinthesecurity.
redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity.
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifinvestorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
INTRATE(A1,B3,70000,72000,3)
INTRATE(R1C1,R4C4,82000,86500,2)
INTRATE("3/1/2003","5/31/2003",65000,70000,2) gives the result 0.304311074
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACCRINT|EFFECT|RATE|RECEIVED|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 310
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPMT
Thisfunctioncalculatesthepaymentofinterestonaloan.
Syntax
IPMT(rate,per,nper,pval,fval,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod.
per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper
nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity.
pval Presentvalue,worthnow
fval [Optional]Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
Remarks
Theresultisrepresentedbyanegativenumberbecauseitismoneypaidoutbyyou.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
IPMT(0.65,A1,B3,C42)
IPMT(R1C1,R12C12,R13C13,R32C1)
IPMT(0.45, 2, 30, 6000) gives the result -$2,699.98
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PMT|PPMT|RATE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 311
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IRR
Thisfunctionreturnstheinternalrateofreturnforaseriesofcashflowsrepresentedbythenumbersinanarray.
Syntax
IRR(arrayvals,estimate)
Remarks
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarrayvals Anarrayofnumbersforwhichyouwanttoestimatetheinternalrateofreturnrepresenting
paymentsandincomeoccurringatregularintervals(andusepositiveforincomeandnegativeforpayment)
estimate [Optional]Anestimateoftheinternalrateofreturn;ifomitted,thecalculationuses0.1(10percent)
Valuesmustcontainatleastonepositivevalue(someincome)andonenegativevalue(apayment)tocalculatetheinternalrateofreturn.
Remarks
Thisfunctionusestheorderofvaluestointerprettheorderofpaymentsandincome.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthesequenceyouwantwithcorrectsigns.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
Thefunctioniscalculatedusinganiterativetechnique.Startingwiththeestimate,thisfunctioncyclesthroughthecalculationuntiltheresultisaccuratewithin0.00001(0.001percent).Ifthisfunctioncannotfindaresultthatworksafter50iterations,itreturnsanerror.
Ifthefunctionreturnsanerrororiftheresultisnotclosetowhatyouexpected,tryagainwithadifferentvaluefortheestimate.
ThisfunctioniscloselyrelatedtoNPV,thenetpresentvaluefunction.TherateofreturncalculatedbyIRRistheinterestratecorrespondingtoa0(zero)netpresentvalue.
Forascheduleofcashflowsthatisnon-periodic,useXIRR.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments,thefirstbeinganarray.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
IRR(D1:D6)
IRR(R1C4:R6C4, -.02)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 312
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SeeAlso
MIRR|NPV|XIRR|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 313
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISBLANK
Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisempty.
Syntax
ISBLANK(cellreference)
ISBLANK(value)
ISBLANK(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.
Note:Spread'simplementationoffunctionsgenerallytriestofollowthebehaviorfoundinpopularspreadsheetapplications.However,notalltheseapplicationsagreewhethertheemptystring""shouldbetreatedthesameasanemptycell.InSpread,boththeCOUNTBLANKandISBLANKfunctionsconsistentlytreattheemptystring""differentlythananemptycell.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISBLANK(B1)
ISBLANK(A4)
ISBLANK(A4-52)
ISBLANK(4) gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COUNTBLANK|ISERROR|ISREF|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 314
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISERR
Thisfunction,IsErrorOtherThanNotAvailable,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanerrorotherthannotavailable(#N/A).
Syntax
ISERR(cellreference)
ISERR(value)
ISERR(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISERR(B12)
ISERR(R12C2)
ISERR(#N/A) gives the result FALSE
ISERR(#REF!) gives the result TRUE
ISERR(C14) gives the result TRUEif C14 contains a #NUM! error.
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERRORTYPE|ISERROR|ISNA|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 315
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISERROR
Thisfunction,IsErrorofAnyKind,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanerrorofanykind.
Syntax
ISERROR(cellreference)
ISERROR(value)
ISERROR(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISERROR(B12)
ISERROR(R12C2)
ISERROR(#N/A) gives the result TRUE
ISERROR(#REF!) gives the result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERRORTYPE|ISERR|ISNA|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 316
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISEVEN
Thisfunction,IsNumberEven,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcelliseven.
Syntax
ISEVEN(cellreference)
ISEVEN(value)
ISEVEN(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiseven,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentisodd,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiszero,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentreferstoanemptycellortonodata,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISEVEN(B3)
ISEVEN(R1C2)
ISEVEN(574) gives the result TRUE
ISEVEN(9) gives the result FALSE
ISEVEN(2.4) gives the result TRUE
ISEVEN(3.6) gives the result FALSE
ISEVEN(ROUND(3.6)) gives the result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISODD|EVEN|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 317
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISFORMULA
Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencecellisaformula.
Syntax
ISFORMULA(reference)
Arguments
Specifythecellreferencefortheargument.
Remarks
ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.
Thisfunctionisusedtotestthecontentsofacell.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferenceforargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISFORMULA(B4)returnsfalse,whereB4isacellreferencewithanumericvalue56.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 318
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISLOGICAL
Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisalogical(Boolean)value.
Syntax
ISLOGICAL(cellreference)
ISLOGICAL(value)
ISLOGICAL(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISLOGICAL(B7)
ISLOGICAL(R4C8)
ISLOGICAL(true) gives a result TRUE
ISLOGICAL(OR(B7,B8)) gives a result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISNONTEXT|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 319
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISNA
Thisfunction,IsNotAvailable,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasthenotavailable(#N/A)errorvalue.
Syntax
ISNA(cellreference)
ISNA(value)
ISNA(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevalueisorreferstotheNotAvailableerrorvalue,andreturnsFALSEifthevalueisorreferstoacellwithnodata.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISNA(B12)
ISNA(R12C2)
ISNA(#N/A)gives the result TRUE
ISNA(NA())gives the result TRUE
ISNA(#REF)gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERRORTYPE|ISERR|ISERROR|NA|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 320
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISNONTEXT
Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanydatatypeotherthantext.
Syntax
ISNONTEXT(cellreference)
ISNONTEXT(value)
ISNONTEXT(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoablankcell.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISNONTEXT(A3)
ISNONTEXT(R3C1)
ISNONTEXT(12) gives the result TRUE
ISNONTEXT("Total") gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISLOGICAL|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 321
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISNUMBER
Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasnumericdata.
Syntax
ISNUMBER(cellreference)
ISNUMBER(value)
ISNUMBER(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEiftheargumentisorreferstoanumber,andreturnsFALSEiftheargumentisorreferstoavaluethatisnotanumber.ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevalueisorreferstoacellwithnodata.
Youmightwanttousethisfunctiontotestwhethercellscontainnumericdatabeforeyouperformmathematicaloperationsonthem,suchasaveragingthecontentsofarangeofcells.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISNUMBER(B3)
ISNUMBER(R1C2)
ISNUMBER(12) gives the result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISLOGICAL|ISNONTEXT|ISREF|ISTEXT|N|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 322
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISO.CEILING
Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestintegerormultipleofaspecifiedvalue.
Syntax
ISO.CEILING(value,signif)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround
signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor,defaultvalueis1
Ifthenumberorthesignifiszero,zeroisreturned.Theabsolutevalueofthemultipleisused,sothisfunctionreturnsthemathematicalceilingregardlessofthenumbersignsandsignificance.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ISO.CEILING(4.3)givestheresult5
ISO.CEILING(-2.5,2)givestheresult-2
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CEILING
Spread Formula Reference 323
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISODD
Thisfunction,IsNumberOdd,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasnumericdata.
Syntax
ISODD(cellreference)
ISODD(value)
ISODD(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentisodd,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiseven,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiszero,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentreferstoanemptycellortonodata,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISODD(B3)
ISODD(R1C2)
ISODD(12) gives the result FALSE
ISODD(2.5) gives the result FALSE
ISODD(3.6) gives the result TRUE
ISODD(ROUND(3.6)) gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISEVEN|ODD|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 324
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISOWEEKNUM
ThisfunctioncalculatesthenumberISOweeknumberoftheyearforspecifieddate.
Syntax
ISOWEEKNUM(date)
Arguments
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806),astringorreferencetocellcontaingtheinformation.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericorstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ISOWEEKNUM("5/9/2015")givestheresult19.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 325
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISPMT
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinterestpaidduringaspecificperiodofaninvestment.
Syntax
ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)
Remarks
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Interestratefortheinvestment.
per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper.
nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsfortheinvestment.
pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment.
Remarks
Beconsistentwiththeunitsforrateandnper.
Thecashyoupayoutisrepresentedbynegativenumbersandthecashyoureceivebypositivenumbers.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ISPMT(B1,C4,C5,1)
ISPMT(R1C2,R4C3,R6C3,R7C3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IPMT|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 326
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISREF
Thisfunction,IsReference,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisareferencetoanothercell.
Syntax
ISREF(cellreference)
ISREF(value)
ISREF(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
Iftheargumentisareference,thisfunctionreturnsTRUE.Iftheargumentisnotareference,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISREF(B3) gives the result TRUE
ISREF(R1C2) gives the result TRUE
ISREF(12) gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISBLANK|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 327
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISTEXT
Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhastextdata.
Syntax
ISTEXT(cellreference)
ISTEXT(value)
ISTEXT(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.
Ifthedatatypeoftheargumentistext,thisfunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthedatatypeoftheargumentisnottext,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.Iftheargumentreferstoanemptycell,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.
DataTypes
Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.
Examples
ISTEXT(B3)
ISTEXT(R1C2)
ISTEXT("Total") gives the result TRUE
ISTEXT(12) gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISLOGICAL|ISNONTEXT|ISNUMBER|T|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 328
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
JIS
Thisfunctiontransformshalf-width(single-byte)characterstofull-width(double-byte)characters.
Syntax
JIS(text)
Arguments
Fortheargument,textorareferencetoacellthatcontainsthetexttochange.
Remarks
Ifthetextdoesnotcontainhalf-widthletters,thenthetextisnotchanged.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
JIS("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 329
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
KURT
Thisfunctionreturnsthekurtosisofadataset.
Syntax
KURT(value1,value2,value3,value4,...)
KURT(array)
KURT(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Forthearguments,youcanusenumbers,arrays,orreferences.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludescellswiththevaluezeroinitscalculations.
Youmustprovidefourormorevaluearguments.Youmayprovideupto255arguments.
Remarks
Kurtosisdescribeshowpeakedorflatadistributioniscomparedwiththenormaldistribution.Positivekurtosisindicatesarelativelypeakeddistribution.Negativekurtosisindicatesarelativelyflatdistribution.
Ifthestandarddeviationofthevaluesiszero,thisfunctionreturnsthe#DIV/0!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
KURT(F1:F8)
KURT(R1C6:R8C6)
KURT(F1:F8,G1:G8)
KURT(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result -0.7496238078
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GAMMADIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 330
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LARGE
Thisfunctionreturnsthenthlargestvalueinadataset,wherenisspecified.
Syntax
LARGE(array,n)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayfromwhichtoreturnthenthlargestvalue
n Theposition(fromthelargestvalue)forwhichtoreturnthevalue(forexample,5toreturnthefifthlargestvalue).Mustbeequaltoorlessthanthenumberofitemsinthearray.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontoselectavaluebasedonitsrelativestanding.Forexample,youcanuseittoreturnthethird-placescoreinacompetition.
DataTypes
Acceptsarrayandnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LARGE(F1:F8,2)
LARGE(R1C6:R8C6,5)
LARGE({35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39},3) gives the result 47.0000000000
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SMALL|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 331
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LCM
Thisfunctionreturnstheleastcommonmultipleoftwonumbers.
Syntax
LCM(number1,number2)
Arguments
Forthearguments,usenumericvaluesorarrays.Iftheargumentsarenotintegers,theyaretruncatedtointegers.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Theleastcommonmultipleisthesmallestpositiveintegerthatisamultipleofallintegersgiven.
Usethisfunctiontoaddfractionswithdifferentdenominatorsbycalculatingtheleastcommonmultipleofbothdenominatorsfirst.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LCM(B12,C22)
LCM(R12C2,R22C3)
LCM(300,500) gives the result 1500
LCM(12.3,16.99) gives the result 48
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GCD|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 332
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LEFT
Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedleftmostcharactersfromatextvalue.
Syntax
LEFT(mytext,num_chars)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionmytext Textstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.
num_chars [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoextract;ifomitted,usesone;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Themytextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.
Thenum_charsargumenthastheserules:
Itmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifitisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsallthetext.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthefirstargumentandnumericdatathesecondargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
LEFT(A2,LEN(A2)–1)
LEFT(R2C1,LEN(R2C1)–1)
LEFT(""TotalPrice"") gives the result T
LEFT(""Total Price"", 5) gives the result Total
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MID|RIGHT|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 333
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LEFTB
Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedleftmostcharactersfromatextvalueonthebasisofthenumberofbytesinthespecifiedvalue.
Syntax
LEFTB(mytext,num_bytes)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionmytext Referstothetextstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.
num_bytes [Optional]Referstothenumberofbytestoextract.Ifthisvalueisnotgiven,itusesone.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Remarks
Themytextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.
Thenum_bytesargumenthasthefollowingrules:
Itmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifitisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsallthetext.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthefirstargumentandnumericdatathesecondargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
LEFTB("rheabuto",4)givestheresultrhea.
LEFTB("rheabuto")givesthresultr.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 334
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LEN
Thisfunctionreturnsthelengthof,thenumberofcharactersin,atextstring.
Syntax
LEN(value)
Arguments
Theargumentisthetextwhoselengthyouwanttofind.Spacescountascharacters.Theargumentmustbeastringoracellreferencetoastringvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LEFT(A2,LEN(A2)–1)
LEN(""FarPoint Technologies, NC"") gives the result 25
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHAR|TRIM|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 335
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LENB
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofbytesusedtorepresentthecharactersinatextstring.
Syntax
LENB(text_value)
Arguments
Theargumentisthetextwhoselengthyouwanttofind.Spacesinthespecifiedtextvaluearecountedascharacters.Theargumentmustbeastringoracellreferencetoastringvalue.
Remarks
TheLENBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LENB("rheabuto")givestheresult8.
LENB("rosy")givestheresult4.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 336
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LINEST
Thisfunctioncalculatesthestatisticsforaline.
Syntax
LINEST(y,x,constant,stats)
Arguments
Theequationforthelineisy=mx+bory=m1x1+m2x2+...+b.
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=mx+b
x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=mx+b
constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0.Iftrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally;iffalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=mx.
stats Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoreturnadditionalregressionstatistics.Iftrue,thentheadditionalregressionstatisticsarereturnediffalseoromittedthenonlythem-coefficientsandbarereturned.
Ifxisomittedthenxdefaultstothearray{1,2,3...},thathasthesamedimensionsasy.
Remarks
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
LINEST(A2:A7,C2:C7,,FALSE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GROWTH|TREND|LOGEST|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 337
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LN
Thisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
LN(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,specifyapositivenumericvalue.
Remarks
ThisfunctionistheinverseofEXP,soLN(EXP(x))isx.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LN(B3)
LN(R1C2)
LN(10) gives the result 2.3025850930
LN(exp(1)) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
EXP|LOG|LOGINV|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 338
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOG
ThisfunctionreturnsthelogarithmbaseYofanumberX.
Syntax
LOG(number,base)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numberforwhichtofindalogarithm.Thismustbeapositiverealnumber
base [Optional]Baseofthelogarithm;ifomitted,thecalculationuses10asthebase(SeeLOG10.)
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LOG(B3,C5)
LOG(R1C2,R4C4)
LOG(255,16) gives the result 1.9985883592
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LN|LOG10|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 339
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOG10
Thisfunctionreturnsthelogarithmbase10ofthenumbergiven.
Syntax
LOG10(value)
Arguments
The number specified by the argument must be a positive real number.
Data Types
Accepts numeric data. Returns numeric data.
Examples
LOG10(B3)
LOG10(R1C2)
LOG10(115) gives the result 2.0606978404
Version Available
This function is available in product version 1.0 or later.
See Also
LN | LOG | Math and Trigonometry Functions
Spread Formula Reference 340
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOGEST
Thisfunctioncalculatesanexponentialcurvethatfitsthedataandreturnsanarrayofvaluesthatdescribesthecurve.
Syntax
LOGEST(y,x,constant,stats)
Arguments
Theequationforthecurveisy=b*m^xory=(b*(m1^x1)*(m2^x2)*_).
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x
x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=mx+b
constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0.Iftrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally;iffalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=m^x.
stats Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoreturnadditionalregressionstatistics.Iftrue,thentheadditionalregressionstatisticsarereturnediffalseoromittedthenonlythem-coefficientsandbarereturned.
Ifxisomittedthenxdefaultstothearray{1,2,3...},thathasthesamedimensionsasy.
Remarks
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
LOGEST(A2:A7,C2:C7,TRUE,FALSE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GROWTH|TREND|LINEST|DEVSQ|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 341
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOGINV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
LOGINV(prob,mean,stdev)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
mean Valueofmeanofnaturallogarithmofx,LN(x)
stdev ValuerepresentingthestandarddeviationofLN(x)
Remarks
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctions,soifp=LOGNORMDIST(x,...)thenLOGINV(p,...)=x.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LOGINV(0.92,B8,G22)
LOGINV(0.88,2,1.2) gives the result 30.26479297
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LN|LOGNORMDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 342
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LOGNORM.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativenaturallognormaldistributionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.Analyzedatathathasbeenlogarithmicallytransformedwiththisfunction.
Syntax
LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
mean Valueofmeanofnaturallogarithmofx,LN(x)
stdev ValuerepresentingthestandarddeviationofLN(x)
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction
Remarks
Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.
Theequationforthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionis:
LOGNORM.DIST(x,µ,o)=NORM.S.DIST(1n(x)-µ / o).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforx,mean,andstdevarguments.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LOGNORM.DIST(0.92,B8,G22,A5)
LOGNORM.DIST(42,2,1.2,TRUE)givestheresult0.9261995869896625
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LOGNORMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 343
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LOGNORM.INV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
LOGNORM.INV(prob,mean,stdev)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
mean Valueofmeanofnaturallogarithmofx,LN(x)
stdev ValuerepresentingthestandarddeviationofLN(x)
Remarks
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctions,soifp=LOGNORM.DIST(x,...)thenLOGNORM.INV(p,...)=x.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LOGNORM.INV(0.92,B8,G22)
LOGNORM.INV(0.88,2,1.2)givestheresult30.264764580330958
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LOGNORMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 344
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOGNORMDIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativenaturallognormaldistributionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.Analyzedatathathasbeenlogarithmicallytransformedwiththisfunction.
Syntax
LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,stdev)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction
mean Valueofmeanofnaturallogarithmofx,LN(x)
stdev ValuerepresentingthestandarddeviationofLN(x)
Remarks
Ifp=LOGNORMDIST(x,...)thenLOGINV(p,...)=x.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
LOGNORMDIST(0.92,B8,G22)
LOGNORMDIST(42,2,1.2) gives the result 0.926199546
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LN|LOGINV|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 345
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOOKUP
Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinasecondarea.
Syntax
LOOKUP(lookupvalue,lookupvector,resultvector)
LOOKUP(lookupvalue,lookuparray)
Arguments
VectorForm
Theargumentsforthevectorformare:
Argument Descriptionlookupvalue Valueforwhichtosearch;canbenumber,text,logicalvalue,ornameorreferencethatreferstoa
value
lookupvector Cellrangethatcontainsoneroworonecolumn;canbetext,numbers,oralogicalvalue;valuesneedtobeinascendingorder
resultvector Cellrangethatcontainsoneroworcolumn;mustbethesamesizeaslookupvector
ArrayForm
Theargumentsforthearrayformare:
Argument Descriptionlookupvalue Valueforwhichtosearch;canbenumber,text,logicalvalue,ornameorreferencethatreferstoa
value
lookuparray Rangeofcellsthatcontainstext,numbers,orlogicalvalues;valuesmustbeascendingorder
Remarks
VectorForm
Thevectorformofthisfunctionsearchesforavaluefromarangewithasingleroworcolumnandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinasecondoneroworonecolumnrange.
Inthevectorform,iflookupvaluecannotbefound,itmatchesthelargestvalueinlookupvectorthatislessthanorequaltolookupvalue.
ArrayForm
Thearrayformofthisfunctionsearchesinthefirstroworcolumnofanarrayforthespecifiedvalueandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinthelastroworcolumnofthearray.
Inthearrayform,iflookuparrayhasmorecolumnsthanrowsthenthefirstrowissearched.Iflookuparrayhasmorerowsthancolumnsthenthefirstcolumnissearched.Thevaluesinlookuparraymustbeinascendingorder.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericorstringdata.
Examples
Spread Formula Reference 346
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LOOKUP(30,A1:A5,B1:B5)
LOOKUP("A",{"a","b","c","d";1,2,3,5})
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HLOOKUP|VLOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 347
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOWER
Thisfunctionconvertstexttolowercaseletters.
Syntax
LOWER(string)
Arguments
Theargumentisthetextyouwanttoconverttolowercase.Thisfunctiondoesnotchangecharactersinvaluethatarenotletters.Theargumentmaybeastring,areferencetoacellcontainingastring,oraformulathatreturnsastring.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
LOWER(A4)
LOWER(R4C1)
LOWER(""Road Race 2"") gives the result road race 2
LOWER(CONCATENATE(A1,A5))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
UPPER|T|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 348
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions M to Q
FunctionsMtoQ
MATCH MAX MAXA MAXIFS
MDETERM MDURATION MEDIAN MID
MIDB MIN MINA MINIFS
MINUTE MINVERSE MIRR MMULT
MOD MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL
MONTH MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT
N NA NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST
NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOMINAL NORM.DIST
NORM.INV NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.INV NORMDIST
NORMINV NORMSDIST NORMSINV NOT
NOW NPER NPV NUMBERVALUE
OCT2BIN OCT2DEC OCT2HEX ODD
ODDFPRICE ODDFYIELD ODDLPRICE ODDLYIELD
OFFSET OR PDURATION PEARSON
PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK
PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA
PHI PHONETIC PI PMT
POISSON POISSON.DIST POWER PPMT
PRICE PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PROB
PRODUCT PROPER PV QUARTILE
QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC QUOTIENT
Spread Formula Reference 349
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MATCH
Thisfunctionreturnstherelativepositionofaspecifiediteminarange.
Syntax
MATCH(value1,array,type)
Arguments
Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Argument Descriptionvalue Valuetosearchfor
array Rangetosearchin
type [Optional]Valuetoreturniftheformulareturnsanerror
Remarks
Thevaluecanbeanumber,text,orlogicalvalueoracellreferencetoanumber,text,orlogicalvalue.Thearrayistherangeofcellstosearch.
Thetypecanbe0(firstvaluethatisequaltovalue),1(largestvaluethatislessthanorequaltovalue),or-1(smallestvaluethatisgreaterthanorequaltovalue)andisoptional.
DataTypes
Thevaluecanbeanumber,text,orlogicalvalueoracellreferencetoanumber,text,orlogicalvalue.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MATCH(25,A1:E5)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MIN|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 350
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MAX
Thisfunctionreturnsthemaximumvalue,thegreatestvalue,ofallthevaluesinthearguments.
Syntax
MAX(value1,value2,...)
MAX(array)
MAX(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromMAXA,whichallowstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MAX(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5)
MAX(A1:A9)
MAX(R1C2:R1C15,R2C2:R2C15)
MAX(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 19
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MIN|MAXA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 351
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MAXA
Thisfunctionreturnsthelargestvalueinalistofarguments,includingtextandlogicalvalues.
Syntax
MAXA(value1,value2,...)
MAXA(array)
MAXA(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,text,orlogicalvalues.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
ThisfunctiondiffersfromMAXbecauseitallowstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,text,orlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MAXA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5)
MAXA(A1:A9)
MAXA(R1C2:R1C15,R2C2:R2C15)
MAXA(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 19
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MINA|MAX|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 352
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MAXIFS
Thisfunctionreturnsthemaximumvalueamongthevaluesincellsorthecellrangeprovidedthespecifiedsetofconditionsorthecriteriameets.
Syntax
MAXIFS(max_range, range1, criteria1, [range2,criteria2],..)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionmax_range Referstotherangeofcellsinwhichmaximumwillbecalculated
range1 Referstothesetofcellstobecalculatedbasedonthecriteria
criteria1 Referstothecriteria(intermsofnumber,expression,ortext)accordingtowhichcellswillbecalculated
range2,criteria2...
[Optional]Referstotheadditionalrangesandtheircorrespondingcriteria
Remarks
Ifthesizeandshapeofmax_rangeandrangeN (refers to range1,2,3,4,......N) argumentsisnotsame,thisfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.
Ifcellsdonotmatchwiththespecifiedcriteria,thisfunctionwillreturn0.
DataTypes
Acceptseithernumericdata,expression,ortextforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MAXIFS(C4:C7,B4:B7,"325")givestheresult656
MAXIFS(C4:C7,B4:B7,"55")givestheresult0
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 353
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MDETERM
Thisfunctionreturnsthematrixdeterminantofanarray.
Syntax
MDETERM(array)
Arguments
Thearrayisanumericarraythathasanequalnumberofcolumnsandrows.
Arrayscanbeacellrange.Ifanyofthearraycellsareemptyorcontaintextthenanerrorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MDETERM(A3:E7)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MINVERSE|MMULT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 354
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MDURATION
ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedMacauleydurationofasecuritywithanassumedparvalueof$100.
Syntax
MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
coupon Annualcouponrate
yield Annualyieldforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettlementormaturityisinvalidora#NUM!errorwhenfrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Ifcouponislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MDURATION(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DURATION|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 355
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MEDIAN
Thisfunctionreturnsthemedian,thenumberinthemiddleoftheprovidedsetofnumbers;thatis,halfthenumbershavevaluesthataregreaterthanthemedian,andhalfhavevaluesthatarelessthanthemedian.
Syntax
MEDIAN(value1,value2,...)
MEDIAN(array)
MEDIAN(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Ifthereareanevennumberofarguments,thefunctioncalculatestheaverageofthetwonumbersinthemiddle.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MEDIAN(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)
MEDIAN(A1:A9)
MEDIAN(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)
MEDIAN(89,95,76,88,92) gives the result 89
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|MODE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 356
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MID
Thisfunctionreturnstherequestednumberofcharactersfromatextstringstartingatthepositionyouspecify.
Syntax
MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Textstringcontainingthecharactersyouwanttoextract
start_num Numberrepresentingthefirstcharacteryouwanttoextractintext,withthefirstcharacterinthetexthavingavalueofone(1);ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
num_chars Numberofcharacterstoreturnfromtext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.Thestart_numargumenthastheserules
Ifstart_numisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturns""(emptytext).Ifstart_numislessthanthelengthoftext,butstart_numplusnum_charsexceedsthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsthecharactersuptotheendoftext.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthetextargument,numericdataforthestart_numargument,andnumericdataforthenum_charsargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
MID(B17,5,8)
MID(""wind surfing"", 6, 20) gives the result surfing
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LEFT|RIGHT|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 357
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MIDB
Thisfunctionreturnstherequestednumberofcharactersfromatextstringstartingatthepositionyouhavespecified(onthebasisofthespecifiednumberofbytes).
Syntax
MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Referstothetextstringcontainingthecharactersyouwanttoextract.
start_num Referstothenumberrepresentingthefirstcharacteryouwanttoextractintext,withthefirstcharacterinthetexthavingavalueofone(1).Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
num_bytes Referstothenumberofcharacterstoreturnfromtext(inbytes).Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Thetextargumentcanbeastringoraformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingthatstring.
Thestart_numargumentworksonthefollowingrule:
Ifstart_numisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturns""(emptytext).Ifstart_numislessthanthelengthoftext,butstart_numplusnum_bytesexceedsthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsthecharactersuptotheendoftext.
Remarks
TheMIDBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthetextargument,numericdataforthestart_numargument,andnumericdataforthenum_bytesargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
MIDB("rosygarden",6,20)givestheresultgarden.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 358
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MIN
Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalue,theleastvalue,ofallthevaluesinthearguments.
Syntax
MIN(value1,value2,...)
MIN(array)
MIN(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromMINA,whichincludestextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MIN(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)
MIN(A1:A9)
MIN(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)
MIN(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 2
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MAX|MINA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 359
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MINA
Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalueinalistofarguments,includingtextandlogicalvalues.
Syntax
MINA(value1,value2,...)
MINA(array)
MINA(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,text,logicalvalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
ThisfunctiondiffersfromMINbecauseitincludestextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,text,orlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MINA(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)
MINA(A1:A9)
MINA(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)
MINA(A1,B1) gives the result 0 if A1 is 10 and B1 is FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MIN|MAXA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 360
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MINIFS
Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalueamongthevaluesincellsorthecellrangeprovidedthespecifiedsetofconditionsorthecriteriameets.
Syntax
MINIFS(max_range, range1, critera1, [range2,criteria2],..)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionmin_range Referstotherangeofcellsinwhichminimumwillbecalculated
range1 Referstothesetofcellstobecalculatedbasedoncriteria
criteria1 Referstothecriteria(intermofnumber,expression,ortext)accordingtowhichcellswillbecalculated
range2,criteria2...
[Optional]Referstotheadditionalrangesandthiercorrespondingcriteria
Remarks
Ifthesizeandshapeofmin_rangeandrangeN (refers to range1,2,3,4,......N) argumentsisnotsame,thisfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.
Ifcellsdonotmatchwiththespecifiedcriteria,thisfunctionwillreturn0.
DataTypes
Acceptseithernumericdata,expression,ortextforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MINIFS(A3:A7,B3:B7,23)givestheresult0.
MINIFS(A3:A7,B3:B7,325)givestheresult325.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 361
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MINUTE
Thisfunctionreturnstheminutecorrespondingtoaspecifiedtime.
Syntax
MINUTE(time)
Arguments
Specifythetimeargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),aDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asinTIME(12,0,0).Formoredetailsonthedateandtimeinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions
Datesasnumericvaluesareintheformx.y,wherexisthe"numberofdayssinceDecember30,1899"andyisthefractionofday.Numberstotheleftrepresentthedate.Timesasnumericvaluesaredecimalfractionsrangingfrom0to0.99999999,representingthetimesfrom0:00:00(12:00:00A.M.)to23:59:59(11:59:59P.M.).
Remarks
Theminuteisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0to59.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MINUTE(D1)
MINUTE(R1C4)
MINUTE(0.7) gives the result 48
MINUTE("12:17") gives the result 17
MINUTE(TIME(12,0,0))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HOUR|SECOND|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 362
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MINVERSE
Thisfunctionreturnstheinversematrixforthematrixstoredinanarray.
Syntax
MINVERSE(array)
Arguments
Thearrayisanumericarraythathasanequalnumberofcolumnsandrows.
Arrayscanbeacellrange.Ifanyofthearraycellsareemptyorcontaintextthenanerrorisreturned.
Remarks
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
MINVERSE(A3:E7)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MDETERM|MMULT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 363
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MIRR
Thisfunctionreturnsthemodifiedinternalrateofreturnforaseriesofperiodiccashflows.
Syntax
MIRR(arrayvals,payment_int,income_int)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarrayvals Anarrayofnumbersforwhichyouwanttoestimatetheinternalrateofreturnrepresenting
paymentsandincomeoccurringatregularintervals(andusepositiveforincomeandnegativeforpayment)
payment_int Interestrateonmoneyincashflows
income_int Interestrateonmoneyinvestedfromcashflows
Valuesmustcontainatleastonepositivevalue(someincome)andonenegativevalue(apayment)tocalculatetheinternalrateofreturn.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.
Remarks
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
Thisfunctionusestheorderofvaluestointerprettheorderofpaymentsandincome.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthesequenceyouwantwithcorrectsigns.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,thefirstbeinganarray.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MIRR(D1:D6, D10, D12)
MIRR(R1C4:R6C4, R10C4, R12C4)
MIRR({7300,-15000,4036,3050},6.5%,8%) gives the result 0.0564050548577524
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IRR|XIRR|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 364
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MMULT
Thisfunctionreturnsthematrixproductfortwoarrays.
Syntax
MMULT(array1,array2)
Arguments
Thearraysarenumericarrayswherethecolumnsinarray1matchtherowsinarray2.
Arrayscanbeacellrange.Ifanyofthearraycellsareemptyorcontaintextthenanerrorisreturned.
Remarks
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarrayforallarguments.Returnsanarray.
Examples
MMULT(A2:B3,D5:E6)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MDETERM|MINVERSE|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 365
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MOD
Thisfunctionreturnstheremainderofadivisionoperation.
Syntax
MOD(dividend,divisor)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondividend Numberforwhichyouwanttofindtheremainderbydividingthedivisorintoit
divisor Numberbywhichyouwanttodividethedividendargument
Remarks
Theremainderhasthesamesignasthedivisor.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MOD(B3,10)
MOD(C4,B2)
MOD(R1C2,12)
MOD(255,16) gives the result 15
MOD(-3,2) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PRODUCT|QUOTIENT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 366
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MODE
Thisfunctionreturnsthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.
Syntax
MODE(value1,value2,...)
MODE(array)
MODE(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifnovalueoccursmorethanonce,thefunctiondoesnotreturnavalue.Ifmorethanonevalueoccursthesamenumberoftimes,thefunctionreturnsthefirstvaluethatrepeatsthatsamenumberoftimes.
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MODE(A3,B3,C3,D3)
MODE(A1:A9)
MODE(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)
MODE(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)
MODE(89,95,88,97,88,74) gives the result 88
MODE(1,2,2,3,4,5,5) gives the result 2
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|MEDIAN|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 367
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MODE.MULT
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalarrayofthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.
Syntax
MODE.MULT(value1,value2,...)
MODE.MULT(array)
MODE.MULT(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifnovalueoccursmorethanonce,thefunctiondoesnotreturnavalue.Ifmorethanonevalueoccursthesamenumberoftimes,thefunctionreturnsthefirstvaluethatrepeatsthatsamenumberoftimes.
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MODE.MULT(A3,B3,C3,D3)
MODE.MULT(A1:A9)
MODE.MULT(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)
MODE.MULT(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)
MODE.MULT(89,95,88,97,88,74)givestheresult88
MODE.MULT(1,2,2,3,4,5,5)givestheresult2
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 368
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MODE.SNGL
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.
Syntax
MODE.SNGL(value1,value2,...)
MODE.SNGL(array)
MODE.SNGL(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifnovalueoccursmorethanonce,thefunctiondoesnotreturnavalue.Ifmorethanonevalueoccursthesamenumberoftimes,thefunctionreturnsthefirstvaluethatrepeatsthatsamenumberoftimes.
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
Thisfunctionmeasuresthecentraltendencywhichisthecenterlocationofagroupofnumbersinastatisticaldistribution.Somecommonmeasuresoftendencyareaverage,median,andmode.Averageisthearithmeticmean,andiscalculatedbyaddingagroupofnumbersandthendividingbythenumbercount.Medianisthemiddlenumberofagroupofnumberswherehalfofthenumbershavevaluesthataregreaterthanthemedianandhalfofthenumbershavevaluesthatarelessthanthemedian.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MODE.SNGL(A3,B3,C3,D3)
MODE.SNGL(A1:A9)
MODE.SNGL(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)
MODE.SNGL(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)
MODE.SNGL(89,95,88,97,88,74)givestheresult88
MODE.SNGL(1,2,2,3,4,5,5)givestheresult2
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 369
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MONTH
Thisfunctionreturnsthemonthcorrespondingtothespecifieddatevalue.
Syntax
MONTH(date)
Arguments
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.
Remarks
Themonthisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom1(January)to12(December).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MONTH(L4)
MONTH(R4C12)
MONTH(366) gives the result 12
MONTH("12/17/2004") gives the result 12
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DAY|EOMONTH|YEAR|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 370
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MROUND
Thisfunctionreturnsanumberroundedtothedesiredmultiple.
Syntax
MROUND(number,multiple)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numericvaluetoround
multiple Numericvaluerepresentingtheroundedresult
Remarks
Thisfunctionroundstothenearestmultiple(eitherupordown).Forevennumberswheretheremaybetwochoices(oneroundingupandoneroundingdown),theresultisthenumberfartherfromzero.Forexample,MROUND(18,4)returns20eventhough16isasnearsince20isfartherfromzero.ForMROUND(-18,-4)returns-20sincethatvalueisfartherfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MROUND(B14,3)
MROUND(R14C2,5)
MROUND(100,8) gives the result 104
MROUND (11,8) gives the result 8
MROUND (12,8) gives the result 16
MROUND (13,8) gives the result 16
MROUND (-12,-8) gives the result -16
MROUND (50,8) gives the result 48
MROUND (-50,-8) gives the result -48
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROUND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 371
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MULTINOMIAL
Thisfunctioncalculatestheratioofthefactorialofasumofvaluestotheproductoffactorials.
Syntax
MULTINOMIAL(value1,value2,...)
MULTINOMIAL(array)
MULTINOMIAL(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Theargumentsarethevaluestocalculateinthemultinomial.Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
MULTINOMIAL(D5,D6,D7,D8)
MULTINOMIAL(R5C4,R6C4,R7C4,R8C4)
MULTINOMIAL(1,2,3) gives the result 60
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MODE|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 372
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
MUNIT
Thisfunctionreturnstheunitmatrixforthespecifieddimension.
Syntax
MUNIT(dimension)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youneedtoprovideanintegerthatspecifiesthedimensionoftheunitmatrixtoreturn.Theargumentisrequired.
Remarks
Theargumentmustbegreaterthan0.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifdimensionisequaltoorlessthan0.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsaresultantmatrix.
Examples
MUNIT(2)willreturnaunitmatrix2x2.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 373
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
N
Thisfunctionreturnsavalueconvertedtoanumber.
Syntax
N(value)
Arguments
Useanyvalueastheargument.
Remarks
Itisnotalwaysnecessarytousethisfunction,becauseSpreadautomaticallyconvertsvaluesasnecessaryinmanycases.
DataTypes
Acceptsmanytypesofdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
N(G12)
N(R12C7)
N(2.53) gives the result 2.53
N(TRUE) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISNUMBER|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 374
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NA
Thisfunctionreturnstheerrorvalue#N/Athatmeans"notavailable."
Syntax
NA()
Arguments
Thisfunctiondoesnotrequireanargument.
Remarks
Itisnecessarytoincludeemptyparentheseswiththisfunction.
DataTypes
Returnsanerrorvalue.
Examples
NA()
NA(R12C7)
ISNA(NA())gives the result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ISNA|ISNUMBER|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 375
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NEGBINOM.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthenegativebinomialdistribution.
Syntax
NEGBINOM.DIST(x,r,p,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberoffailuresintrials
r Anintegerrepresentingthethresholdnumberofsuccesses
p ProbabilityofsuccessoneachtrialAnumberbetween0and1
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction
Remarks
Thenumberofsuccessesisfixedandthenumberoftrialsisvariable.Ifpislessthan0orgreaterthan1,thefunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.Ifxislessthan0anerrorisreturned.Ifrislessthan1anerrorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NEGBINOM.DIST(B1,C15,0.335,TRUE)
NEGBINOM.DIST(R1C2,R15C3,0.75,TRUE)
NEGBINOM.DIST(4,13,0.85,TRUE)givestheresult0.9012900017858557
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NEGBINOMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 376
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NEGBINOMDIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthenegativebinomialdistribution.
Syntax
NEGBINOMDIST(x,r,p)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberoffailuresintrials
r Anintegerrepresentingthethresholdnumberofsuccesses
p ProbabilityofsuccessoneachtrialAnumberbetween0and1.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NEGBINOMDIST(B1,C15,0.335)
NEGBINOMDIST(R1C2,R15C3,0.75)
NEGBINOMDIST(4,13,0.85) gives the result 0.111399299
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST|HYPGEOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 377
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NETWORKDAYS
Thisfunctionreturnsthetotalnumberofcompleteworkingdaysbetweenthestartandenddates.
Syntax
NETWORKDAYS(startdate,enddate,holidays)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Datethatisthestartingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)
enddate Datethatistheendingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)
holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation;ifomitted,thecalculationassumesnoholidaysandallweekdaysareworkdays
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NETWORKDAYS(L4,L5)
NETWORKDAYS(R4C12,R1C1,R2C2)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
WORKDAY|NOW|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 378
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NETWORKDAYS.INTL
Thisfunctionreturnsthetotalnumberofcompleteworkingdaysbetweenthestartandenddates.
Syntax
NETWORKDAYS.INTL(startdate,enddate,weekend,holidays)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Datethatisthestartingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)
enddate Datethatistheendingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)
weekend [Optional]Anumberorstringthatspecifieswhenweekendsoccur.Weekenddaysaredaysoftheweekthatarenotincludedinthenumberofwholeworkingdaysbetweenstartdateandenddate
holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation.Holidayscanbearangeofcellsthatcontainthedates,oranarrayconstantoftheserialvaluesthatrepresentthosedates
Thefollowingtableliststheweekendnumbervalues:
Number Day1oromitted Saturday,Sunday
2 Sunday,Monday
3 Monday,Tuesday
4 Tuesday,Wednesday
5 Wednesday,Thursday
6 Thursday,Friday
7 Friday,Saturday
11 Sundayonly
12 Mondayonly
13 Tuesdayonly
14 Wednesdayonly
15 Thursdayonly
16 Fridayonly
17 Saturdayonly
Remarks
Weekendstringvaluesaresevencharacterslongandeachcharacterinthestringrepresentsadayoftheweek,startingwithMonday.Anon-workdayis1andaworkdayis0.Onlycharacters1and0areallowedinthestring.Thestring1111111alwaysreturns0.
Weekenddaysandholidaysarenotconsideredtobeworkdays.
Spread Formula Reference 379
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NETWORKDAYS.INTL(L4,L5)
NETWORKDAYS.INTL(R4C12,R1C1,R2C2)
NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,9,1),DATE(2014,9,30),"0000111",{"2014/9/2","2014/9/3"})givestheresult16
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NETWORKDAYS
Spread Formula Reference 380
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NOMINAL
Thisfunctionreturnsthenominalannualinterestrateforagiveneffectiverateandnumberofcompoundingperiodsperyear.
Syntax
NOMINAL(effrate,comper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioneffrate Valuerepresentingtheeffectiveinterestrate
comper Numberofcompoundingperiodsperyear;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorifeffrateorcomperisnonnumeric.Ifeffrateislessthanorequalto0orifcomperislessthan1,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NOMINAL(A4,A5)
NOMINAL(R4C1,3)
NOMINAL(6.2336%,2) gives the result 0.061393703
NOMINAL(6.2336%,6) gives the result 0.060776004
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
EFFECT|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 381
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORM.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthenormaldistributionforthespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
NORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueforwhichtofindthedistribution
mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution
stdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.
cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistributionfunction.SettoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitymassfunction.
Remarks
Ifmean=0,stdev=1,andcumulative=TRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormaldistribution,NORMSDIST.
DataTypes
Thex,mean,andstdevargumentsacceptnumericdata.Thecumulativeargumentacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORM.DIST(10,A3,B17,FALSE)
NORM.DIST(10,R3C1,R17C2,FALSE)
NORM.DIST(37,41.125,9.86,TRUE)givestheresult0.3378430609671818
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMDIST
Spread Formula Reference 382
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORM.INV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthenormalcumulativedistributionforthegivenmeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
NORM.INV(prob,mean,stdev)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthenormaldistribution
mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution
stdestdev Standarddeviationofthedistribution;mustbegreaterthanzero
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORM.INV(B3,C12,D14)
NORM.INV(R3C2,R12C3,R14C4)
NORM.INV(0.978,32,0.252)givestheresult32.50755088397007
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMINV
Spread Formula Reference 383
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORM.S.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormalcumulativedistributionfunction.
Syntax
NORM.S.DIST(value,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Anumericvalueforwhichyouwantthedistribution
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction
Remarks
Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.
Usethisfunctioninplaceofatableofstandardnormalcurveareas.
Ifvalueisnonnumeric,the#VALUE!errorvalueisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforvalue.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORM.S.DIST(F1,TRUE)
NORM.S.DIST(R1C6,TRUE)
NORM.S.DIST(1.288,TRUE)givestheresult0.901127
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMSDIST
Spread Formula Reference 384
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORM.S.INV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthestandardnormalcumulativedistribution.Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.
Syntax
NORM.S.INV(prob)
Arguments
Theargumentistheprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORM.S.INV(A3)
NORM.S.INV(R1C2)
NORM.S.INV(0.9244)givestheresult1.435305714537128
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMSDIST
Spread Formula Reference 385
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORMDIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthenormalcumulativedistributionforthespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
NORMDIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueforwhichtofindthedistribution
mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution
stdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.
cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistributionfunction.SettoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitymassfunction.
Remarks
Ifmean=0andstdev=1,thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormaldistribution,NORMSDIST.
DataTypes
Thex,mean,andstdevargumentsacceptnumericdata.Thecumulativeargumentacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORMDIST(10,A3,B17,FALSE)
NORMDIST(10,R3C1,R17C2,FALSE)
NORMDIST(37,41.125,9.86,TRUE) gives the result 0.3378810361
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMINV|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 386
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORMINV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthenormalcumulativedistributionforthegivenmeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
NORMINV(prob,mean,stdev)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthenormaldistribution
mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution
stdestdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORMINV(B3,C12,D14)
NORMINV(R3C2,R12C3,R14C4)
NORMINV(0.978,32,0.252) gives the result 32.50755174
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMDIST|NORMSINV|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 387
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORMSDIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormalcumulativedistributionfunction.
Syntax
NORMSDIST(value)
Arguments
Theargumentcanbeanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.
Usethisfunctioninplaceofatableofstandardnormalcurveareas.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORMSDIST(F1)
NORMSDIST(R1C6)
NORMSDIST(1.288) gives the result 0.901127
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMDIST|NORMSINV|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 388
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NORMSINV
Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthestandardnormalcumulativedistribution.Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.
Syntax
NORMSINV(prob)
Arguments
Theargumentistheprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NORMSINV(A3)
NORMSINV(R1C2)
NORMSINV(0.9244) gives the result 1.43530571453713
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMINV|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 389
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NOT
Thisfunctionreversesthelogicalvalueofitsargument.
Syntax
NOT(value)
Arguments
Provideanumericorlogicalvaluefortheargument.
Remarks
Ifthespecifiedvalueiszero,thenthefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthespecifiedvalueisavalueotherthanzero,thenthefunctionreturnsFALSE.
DataTypes
Acceptsbooleandata(TRUEorFALSE).Returnsbooleandata(TRUEorFALSE).
Examples
NOT(A3)
NOT(R1C2)
NOT(D5>100)
NOT(0) gives the result TRUE
NOT(TRUE)gives the result FALSE
NOT(12) gives the result FALSE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AND|OR|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 390
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NOW
Thisfunctionisusedtodeterminethecurrentdateandtime.ItreturnsaserialnumberthatrepresentsthecurrentdateandtimeinExcel.Theresultsareupdatedeachtimeaworksheetisopenedorrefreshed.
Syntax
NOW()
Arguments
Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.
Remarks
Thisfunctionisupdatedonlywhenthespreadsheetorcellcontainingthefunctionisrecalculated.Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.
DataTypes
Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsanumericvalue.
Examples
If it is 04:50:00 P.M. , February 14, 2019, then:
NOW() gives the result 43510.70174
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.Thisfunctionisavolatilefunctioninversion2.5orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,the NOW function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
DATEVALUE|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 391
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NPER
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofperiodsforaninvestmentbasedonapresentvalue,futurevalue,periodicpayments,andaspecifiedinterestrate.
Syntax
NPER(rate,paymt,pval,fval,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Interestrateexpressedaspercentage(perperiod)
paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod;cannotchangeoverlifeoftheannuity
pval Presentvalue
fval [Optional]Futurevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero(0)
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
Forthearguments,moneypaidout(suchasdepositsinaninvestment)isrepresentedbynegativenumbers;moneyyoureceive(suchasdividendchecks)isrepresentedbypositivenumbers.
Remarks
Besuretoexpresstheinterestrateasperperiod.Forexample,ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonaloanat8percentinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargument.
SeethePVfunctionfortheequationsforcalculatingfinancialvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NPER(A1/12,50,1000,0,1)
NPER(R1C1/12,50,1000,0,1)
NPER(0.005,-790,90000,0,1) gives the result 167.7227522114
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FV|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 392
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NPV
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenetpresentvalueofaninvestmentbyusingadiscountrateandaseriesoffuturepaymentsandincome.
Syntax
NPV(discount,value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiondiscount Rateofdiscountforoneperiod
value1,... Valuesformoneypaidout(asforapayment)arenegativenumbers;valuesformoneyyoureceive(asforincome)arepositivenumbers
Thefunctionincludesincalculationsargumentsthatarenumbers,emptycells,logicalvalues,ortextrepresentationsofnumbers;thefunctionignoresargumentsthatareerrorvaluesortextthatcannotbetranslatedintonumbers.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,logicalvalues,text,orerrorvaluesinthearrayorreferenceareignored.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Thepaymentsandincomemustbeequallyspacedintimeandoccurattheendofeachperiod.Thefunctionusestheorderofthevaluestointerprettheorderofcashflows.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthecorrectsequence.
Theinvestmentbeginsoneperiodbeforethedateofthevalue1cashflowandendswiththelastcashflowinthelist.Thecalculationisbasedonfuturecashflows.Ifyourfirstcashflowoccursatthebeginningofthefirstperiod,thefirstvaluemustbeaddedtotheresult,notincludedinthevaluearguments.
ThisfunctionissimilartothePVfunction(presentvalue).UsePVtoworkwithcashflowsthatbeginatthebeginningortheendoftheperiod;thisfunctionallowscashflowsonlyattheendoftheperiod.Unlikethevariablecashflowvaluesofthisfunction,PVcashflowsmustbeconstantthroughouttheinvestment.
ThisisalsorelatedtotheIRRfunction(internalrateofreturn).IRRisequivalenttothisfunctionwhentherateargumentfornetpresentvalueequalszero:NPV(IRR(...),...)=0.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NPV(0.065,D12:D19)
NPV(R1C1,R12C4:R19C4)
NPV(6.5%, -10000, 3000, 3400, 7700) gives the result $2,055.38
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 393
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SeeAlso
IRR|PV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 394
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NUMBERVALUE
Thisfunctionconvertstexttoanumber,inalocale-independentway.
Syntax
NUMBERVALUE(text,decseparator,groupseparator)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Texttoconverttoanumber
decseparator [Optional]Characterusedtoseparatetheintegerandfractionalpartoftheresult
groupseparator [Optional]Characterusedtoseparategroupingsofnumbers
Remarks
Iftheseparatorargumentsarenotspecified,separatorsfromthecurrentlocaleareused.Theresultis0ifanemptystringisspecifiedasthetextargument.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifthegroupseparatoroccursafterthedecimalseparatorinthetextargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
NUMBERVALUE("2.4%")givestheresult0.024
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 395
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
OCT2BIN
Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoabinarynumber.
Syntax
OCT2BIN(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Octalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbe10charactersorless,andmustbebetween7777777000and
777
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidorifplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
OCT2BIN(77770000)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
OCT2DEC|OCT2HEX|HEX2BIN|DEC2BIN|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 396
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
OCT2DEC
Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoadecimalnumber.
Syntax
OCT2DEC(number)
Arguments
Specifytheoctalnumbertoconvert.Thenumbershouldnotcontainmorethan10octalcharacters.Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalid.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
OCT2DEC(7777)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
OCT2BIN|OCT2HEX|HEX2DEC|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 397
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
OCT2HEX
Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoahexadecimalnumber.
Syntax
OCT2HEX(number,places)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Octalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbe10charactersorless
places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidorifplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
OCT2HEX(7777)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
OCT2BIN|OCT2DEC|HEX2OCT|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 398
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ODD
Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvalueuptothenearestoddinteger.
Syntax
ODD(value)
Arguments
Theargumentcanbeanynumericvalue.
Remarks
Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbytheargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ODD(A3)
ODD(R1C2)
ODD(4) gives the result 5
ODD(-2.5) gives the result -3
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|ISODD|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 399
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ODDFPRICE
Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofasecuritywithanoddfirstperiod.
Syntax
ODDFPRICE(settle,maturity,issue,first,rate,yield,redeem,freq,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
issue Issuedateforthesecurity
first Firstcoupondate
rate Annualinterestrate
yield Annualyieldforthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity
freq Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorwhensettle,maturity,issue,orfirstisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,first,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateoryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthanfirstwhichshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanissue.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataordates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ODDFPRICE(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ODDLPRICE|PRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 400
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ODDFYIELD
Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldofasecuritywithanoddfirstperiod.
Syntax
ODDFYIELD(settle,maturity,issue,first,rate,price,redeem,freq,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
issue Issuedateforthesecurity
first Firstcoupondate
rate Interestrateofthesecurity
price Priceofthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity
freq Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,issue,orfirstisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,first,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0oryieldislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthanfirstwhichshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanissue.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ODDFYIELD(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PRICE|ODDLYIELD|ODDFPRICE|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 401
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ODDLPRICE
Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofasecuritywithanoddlastcouponperiod.
Syntax
ODDLPRICE(settle,maturity,last,rate,yield,redeem,freq,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
last Lastcoupondate
rate Annualinterestrate
yield Annualyieldforthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity
freq Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orlastisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,last,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanlast.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataanddates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ODDLPRICE(C1,C2,A3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PRICE|ODDFPRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 402
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ODDLYIELD
Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldofasecuritywithanoddlastperiod.
Syntax
ODDLYIELD(settle,maturity,last,rate,price,redeem,freq,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
last Lastcoupondate
rate Annualinterestrate
price Priceofthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity
freq Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orlastisinvalid.Settle,maturity,last,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0orpriceislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanlast.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataordates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ODDLYIELD(G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7,G8)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PRICE|ODDFPRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 403
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
OFFSET
Thisfunctionreturnsareferencetoarange.Therangeisaspecifiednumberofrowsandcolumnsfromacellorrangeofcells.Thefunctionreturnsasinglecellorarangeofcells.
Syntax
OFFSET(reference,rows,cols,height,width)
Remarks
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:.
Argument Descriptionreference Thelocationfromwhichtobasetheoffset
rows Numberofrowstowhichtheupperleftcellrefers
cols Numberofcolumnstowhichtheupperleftcellrefers
height [Optional]Numberofreturnedrows;ifomitted,sameasreference
width [Optional]Numberofreturnedcolumns;ifomitted,sameasreference
Thecolscanbepositive(rightofthereference)ornegative(left).Ifheightorwidthisomitted,itisthesameasthereference.
Remarks
Thisisavolatilefunction.
DataTypes
Acceptsacellrangeforreference.Acceptsnumbersforrows,cols,height,andwidth.Returnsacellrange.
Examples
OFFSET(D3,2,3,1,1)
OFFSET(D3:E5,2,3,1,1)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 404
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
OR
ThisfunctioncalculateslogicalOR.ItreturnsTRUEifanyofitsargumentsaretrue;otherwise,returnsFALSEifallargumentsarefalse.
Syntax
OR(bool1,bool2,...)
OR(array)
OR(array1,array2,...)
OR(expression)
OR(expression1,expression2,...)
Arguments
Providenumeric(1or0)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)forupto255arguments.Youcanalsospecifyasinglearrayinsteadoflistingthevaluesseparately,orupto255arrays.Similarly,youcanspecifyanexpressionorupto255expressions.
DataTypes
Acceptslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE)ornumericalvalues(0or1).Returnslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE).
Examples
OR(B3,B6,B9)
OR(R1C2,R1C3,R1C4,R1C5)
OR(D2:D12)
OR(R12C1:R12C9)
OR(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE) gives the result TRUE
OR(TRUE()) gives the result TRUE
OR(FALSE(),FALSE()) gives the result FALSE
OR(1+1=1,2+2=5) gives the result FALSE
OR(5+3=8,5+4=12) gives the result TRUE
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AND|NOT|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 405
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PDURATION
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofperiodsrequiredbyaninvestmenttoreachspecifiedvalue.
Syntax
PDURATION(rate,pv,fv)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod
pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment
fv Desiredfuturevalueoftheinvestment
Alltheargumentsofthisfunctionhaspositivevalues.
Remarks
Allthepassedargumentsshouldbepositivevalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PDURATION(0.025/12,1000,1200)givestheresult87.6
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 406
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PEARSON
ThisfunctionreturnsthePearsonproductmomentcorrelationcoefficient,adimensionlessindexbetween-1.0to1.0inclusiveindicativeofthelinearrelationshipoftwodatasets.
Syntax
PEARSON(array_ind,array_dep)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)
array_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PEARSON(B4:G7,B8:G11)
PEARSON(R4C2:R7C7,R8C2:R11C7)
PEARSON({2,8,4,16,10,12},{8,2,15,14,18,11}) gives the result 0.262017
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
RSQ|STEYX|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 407
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERCENTILE
Thisfunctionreturnsthenthpercentileofvaluesinarange.
Syntax
PERCENTILE(array,n)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluesrepresentingthedata
n Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERCENTILE(A1:A12,0.95)
PERCENTILE(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)
PERCENTILE({5,15,25,50,65},0.45) gives the result 23
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PERCENTRANK|QUARTILE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 408
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERCENTILE.EXC
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthekthpercentileofvaluesinarangewherekisbetween0..1,exclusive.
Syntax
PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluesrepresentingthedata
k Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalueifthearrayisempty.Ifkisnonnumeric,#VALUE!isreturned.Ifk=0or1,#NUM!isreturned.Thefunctioninterpolatestodeterminethevalueatthekthpercentileifkisnotamultipleof1/(n-1).Thefunctioninterpolateswhenthevalueforthespecifiedpercentileisbetweentwovaluesinthearray.Ifthefunctioncannotinterpolateforthepercentile,#NUM!isreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERCENTILE.EXC(A1:A12,0.95)
PERCENTILE.EXC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)
PERCENTILE.EXC({5,15,25,50,65},0.45)givestheresult22
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 409
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERCENTILE.INC
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthekthpercentileofvaluesinarangewherekisbetween0..1,inclusive.
Syntax
PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluesrepresentingthedata
k Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalueifthearrayisempty.Ifkisnonnumeric,#VALUE!isreturned.Ifk<0or>1,#NUM!isreturned.Thefunctioninterpolatestodeterminethevalueatthekthpercentileifkisnotamultipleof1/(n-1).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERCENTILE.INC(A1:A12,0.95)
PERCENTILE.INC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)
PERCENTILE.INC({5,15,25,50,65},0.45)givestheresult23
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 410
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERCENTRANK
Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentageofthedataset.
Syntax
PERCENTRANK(array,n,sigdig)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatawithnumericvaluesthatdefinestherelativeranking
n Valueforwhichyouwanttofindtherankinpercentage
sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusedthreesignificantdigits;ifnotaninteger,numberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERCENTRANK(A1:A12,0.95)
PERCENTRANK(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)
PERCENTRANK(A1:A17,23,3)
PERCENTRANK(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)
PERCENTRANK({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,4) gives the result 0.8111
PERCENTRANK({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1) gives the result 0.8
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PERCENTILE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 411
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERCENTRANK.EXC
Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentage(0..1,exclusive)ofthedataset.
Syntax
PERCENTRANK.EXC(array,n,sigdig)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatawithnumericvaluesthatdefinestherelativeranking
n Valueforwhichyouwanttofindtherankinpercentage
sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusedthreesignificantdigits
Remarks
Ifarrayisempty,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.Ifsigdig<1,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERCENTRANK.EXC(A1:A12,0.95)
PERCENTRANK.EXC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)
PERCENTRANK.EXC(A1:A17,23,3)
PERCENTRANK.EXC(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)
PERCENTRANK.EXC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1)givestheresult0.8
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PERCENTRANK
Spread Formula Reference 412
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERCENTRANK.INC
Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentageofthedataset.
Syntax
PERCENTRANK.INC(array,n,sigdig)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatawithnumericvaluesthatdefinestherelativeranking
n Valueforwhichyouwanttofindtherankinpercentage
sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthreesignificantdigits;ifnotaninteger,numberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERCENTRANK.INC(A1:A12,0.95)
PERCENTRANK.INC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)
PERCENTRANK.INC(A1:A17,23,3)
PERCENTRANK.INC(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)
PERCENTRANK.INC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,4)givestheresult0.8111
PERCENTRANK.INC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1)givestheresult0.8
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PERCENTRANK
Spread Formula Reference 413
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERMUT
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofpossiblepermutationsforaspecifiednumberofitems.
Syntax
PERMUT(k,n)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionk Numberofitems;mustbegreaterthan0;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
n Numberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation;mustbepositiveor0;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
Apermutationisanysetorsubsetofitemswhereinternalorderissignificant.Contrastwithcombinations(theCOMBINfunction).
Theequationforthisfunctionis:
wherekandnaredefinedinthearguments.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERMUT(B3,5)
PERMUT(C4,B2)
PERMUT(R1C2,2)
PERMUT(8,2) gives the result 56
PERMUT(100,3) gives the result 970200
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COMBIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 414
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PERMUTATIONA
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpermutationsforthespecifiednumberofitems(alongwithrepetitions)thatcanbeselectedfromthetotalitems.
Syntax
PERMUTATIONA(k,n)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionk Referstothetotalnumberofitems.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthan0.Ifthespecifiedvalueisnotan
integer,thenumberistruncated.
n Referstothenumberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation.Thisvaluemustbepositiveor0.Ifthespecifiedvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Remarks
Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid,thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PERMUTATIONA(4,6)givestheresult4096.
PERMUTATIONA(2,5)givestheresult32.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 415
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PHI
Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueofthedensityfunctionforthespecifiedstandardnormaldistribution.
Syntax
PHI(x)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberthatyouwanttocalculateinordertodeterminethedensityofthestandardnormaldistribution.
Remarks
Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid(invalidnumericvalueorinvaliddatatype),thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.
DataTypes
Acceptsonlynumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PHI(0.35)givestheresult0.3752
PHI(0.4)givestheresult0.3682
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 416
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PHONETIC
Thisfunctionextractsphonetic(furigana)charactersfromthespecifiedstring.
Syntax
PHONETIC(text)
Arguments
Fortheargument,youcanspecifyastring,oracellreferencethatcontainsthefuriganatext.
Remarks
Ifarangeofcellsispassedtotextargument,thefuriganatextofupper-leftcornercellisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
PHONETIC(pan)givestheresulta.
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 417
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PI
ThisfunctionreturnsPIas3.1415926536.
Syntax
PI()
Arguments
Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.
DataTypes
Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PI( )
DEGREES(PI()) gives the result 180
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DEGREES|RADIANS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 418
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PMT
Thisfunctionreturnsthepaymentamountforaloangiventhepresentvalue,specifiedinterestrate,andnumberofterms.
Syntax
PMT(rate,nper,pval,fval,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod
nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods
pval Presentvalue,worthnow
fval [Optional]Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
Remarks
Besurethattheinterestrateandthenumberofpaymentperiodscorrespondtothesameunits.Ifpaymentperiodsaremonthly,thentheinterestrateshouldbecalculatedpermonth.Iftheinterestrateis6percentannually,youcanuse6%or(6/100)or0.06fortherateargumentifthepaymentperiodisayear,butformonthlypayperiods,dividethe6%by12.Thepaymentreturnedincludesprincipalandinterestbut,notaxes,reservepayments,orfees.
Theresultisrepresentedbyanegativenumberbecauseitismoneypaidoutbyyou.
SeethePVfunctionfortheequationforcalculatingfinancialvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PMT(B1,C4,C5,C6,1)
PMT(R1C2,8,16,4)
PMT(6%/12, 15, 5000) gives the result -$346.82
PMT(0.005, 15, 5000, 0, 1) gives the result -$345.10
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IPMT|PPMT|PV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 419
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
POISSON
ThisfunctionreturnsthePoissondistribution.
Syntax
POISSON(nevents,mean,cumulative)
Remarks
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnevents NumberofeventsProvideaninteger,orthevalueistruncated.Thenumbermustbegreaterthan
zero.
mean ExpectednumericvalueThenumbermustbegreaterthanzero.
cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativePoissonprobabilitythatthenumberofrandomeventsoccurringisbetweenzeroandneventsinclusive.SettoFALSEtoreturnthePoissonprobabilitymassfunctionthatthenumberofeventsoccurringisexactlynevents.
Remarks
ThecumulativePoissonprobabilityiscalculatedasfollows:
ThePoissonprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthenumberofevents(neventsargument),muisthemean(meanargument).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
POISSON(A3,B4,TRUE)
POISSON(R1C2,3,FALSE)
POISSON(7,4,TRUE) gives the result 0.948866384
POISSON(7,4,FALSE) gives the result 0.059540363
VersionAvailable
Spread Formula Reference 420
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST|GAMMADIST|HYPGEOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 421
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
POISSON.DIST
ThisfunctionreturnsthePoissondistribution.
Syntax
POISSON.DIST(nevents,mean,cumulative)
Remarks
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnevents Numberofevents;provideaninteger,orthevalueistruncated;thenumbermustbegreaterthan
zero
mean Expectednumericvalue;thenumbermustbegreaterthanzero
cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativePoissonprobabilitythatthenumberofrandomeventsoccurringisbetweenzeroandneventsinclusive.SettoFALSEtoreturnthePoissonprobabilitymassfunctionthatthenumberofeventsoccurringisexactlynevents.
Remarks
ThecumulativePoissonprobabilityiscalculatedasfollows:
ThePoissonprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:
wherexisthenumberofevents(neventsargument),muisthemean(meanargument).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
POISSON.DIST(A3,B4,TRUE)
POISSON.DIST(R1C2,3,FALSE)
POISSON.DIST(7,4,TRUE)givestheresult0.9488663842071525
POISSON.DIST(7,4,FALSE)givestheresult0.059540362609726345
VersionAvailable
Spread Formula Reference 422
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
POISSON
Spread Formula Reference 423
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
POWER
Thisfunctionraisesthespecifiednumbertothespecifiedpower.
Syntax
POWER(number,power)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numbertoraisetothepowergiveninpower
power Powertowhichtoraisethenumbergiveninnumber
Specifythenumbertoraiseusingthefirstargumentandspecifythepowertoraiseittousingthesecondargument.
Remarks
Youcanusetheexponentoperator(^)insteadofthisfunctiontoraiseanumbertoapower;forexample,16^3.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
POWER(A3,B4)
POWER(R1C2,3)
POWER(16,3) gives the result 4096
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
EXP|SQRT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 424
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PPMT
Thisfunctionreturnstheamountofpaymentofprincipalforaloangiventhepresentvalue,specifiedinterestrate,andnumberofterms.
Syntax
PPMT(rate,per,nper,pval,fval,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod.
per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper
nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity.
pval Presentvalue,worthnow
fval [Optional]Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
Remarks
Besuretoexpresstheinterestrateasperannum.Forexample,iftheinterestrateis8percent,use8fortherateargument.
Theresultisrepresentedbyanegativenumberbecauseitismoneypaidoutbyyou.
SeethePVfunctionfortheequationforcalculatingfinancialvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PPMT(B1,C4,C5,C6,C7,1)
PPMT(R1C2,R4C3,R6C3,R7C3,0)
PPMT(0.45, 22, 30, 6000, 7000) gives the result -$206.47
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IPMT|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 425
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PRICE
Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofaperiodicinterestsecurity.
Syntax
PRICE(settlement,maturity,rate,yield,redeem,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
rate Annualcouponrate
yield Annualyieldforthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.A#NUM!errorisreturnediffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Settle,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifyieldorrateislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataanddates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PRICE(A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PRICEMAT|PRICEDISC|ODDFPRICE|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 426
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PRICEDISC
Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceper$100facevalueofadiscountedsecurity.
Syntax
PRICEDISC(settle,mature,discount,redeem,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity.
mature Maturitydateforthesecurity.
discount Amountinvestedinthesecurity.
redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity.
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PRICEDISC(A1,A2,A5,A7,1)
PRICEDISC(R1C1,R2C1,R5C5,R5C7,2)
PRICEDISC("5/15/2004","9/1/2004",0.06,100,3) gives the result 98.20822
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DISC|PRICEMAT|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 427
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PRICEMAT
Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceatmaturityper$100facevalueofasecuritythatpaysinterest.
Syntax
PRICEMAT(settle,mature,issue,rate,yield,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
mature Maturitydateforthesecurity
issue Issuedateforthesecurity
rate Interestrateforthesecurityattheissuedate
yield Annualyieldforthesecurity
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,mature,orissueisinvalid.Settle,mature,issue,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateoryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PRICEMAT(A1,A2,A5,A7,A7,1)
PRICEMAT(R1C1,R2C1,R5C5,R5C7,R5C9,2)
PRICEMAT("5/15/2004","9/1/2004","5/15/2003",0.06,0.07,3) gives the result 99.5842915904314
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DISC|PRICEDISC|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 428
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PROB
Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilitythatvaluesinarangearebetweentwolimits.
Syntax
PROB(array,probs,lower,upper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofnumericvalues,whichhascorrespondingprobs
probs Probabilitiesassociatedwiththenumericvaluesinarray
lower Lowerlimitonthenumericvalueforwhichyouwantaprobability
upper [Optional]Upperlimitonthenumericvalueforwhichyouwantaprobability;ifomitted,returnstheprobabilityofresultequaltolowerlimit
Remarks
Iftheupperargumentisnotprovided,thefunctionusesthevalueforthelowerargumentonly,andreturnstheprobabilitythatthevaluesareequaltothelowerargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PROB({B1:B6},{E1:E6},10,100)
PROB({B2,B4,B5,B7},{0.4,0.25,0.1,.025),10,100)
PROB({R1C2:R6C2},{R1C5:R6C5},1,50)
PROB({0,1,2,3},{0.2,0.3,0.1,0.4},2) gives the result 0.1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST|CRITBINOM|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 429
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PRODUCT
Thisfunctionmultipliesalltheargumentsandreturnstheproduct.
Syntax
PRODUCT(value1,value2,...)
PRODUCT(array)
PRODUCT(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PRODUCT(B3,B7,12)
PRODUCT(C4,B2,B4,C5)
PRODUCT(A1:A9)
PRODUCT(R1C2,2,10)
PRODUCT(A1:A8,B1:B8,C2:C18)
PRODUCT(1,2,3,5,7,11,13) gives the result 30030
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FACT|QUOTIENT|SUMPRODUCT|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 430
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PROPER
Thisfunctioncapitalizesthefirstletterineachwordofatextstring.
Syntax
PROPER(text)
Arguments
Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncapitalizeslettersthatfollowanycharacterotherthanaletter,forexample,aspace.Thisfunctionconvertsallotherletterstolowercaseletters.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
PROPER(D2)
PROPER(""INTRO to SPREAD"") gives the result Intro To Spread
PROPER(""Tom's one-time order"") gives the result Tom’S One-Time Order
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHAR|UPPER|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 431
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PV
Thisfunctionreturnsthepresentvalueofaninvestmentbasedontheinterestrate,numberandamountofperiodicpayments,andfuturevalue.Thepresentvalueisthetotalamountthataseriesoffuturepaymentsisworthnow.
Syntax
PV(rate,numper,paymt,fval,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Interestrateexpressedaspercentage(perperiod)
numper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods
paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod;cannotchangeoverthelifeoftheannuity
fval [Optional]Futurevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationisbasedonthepayments
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
Forthearguments,moneypaidout(suchasdepositsinaninvestment)isrepresentedbynegativenumbers;moneyyoureceive(suchasdividendchecks)isrepresentedbypositivenumbers.
Remarks
Useconsistentunitsforspecifyingtherateandnumberofperiodsarguments.Ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonafive-yearloanat8percentannualinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargumentand5*12forthenumberofperiodsargument.Ifyoumakeannualpaymentsonthesameloan,use0.08forrateand5fornumberofperiods.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
PV(B1/12,N24,-75,0,1)
PV(R1C1/12,48,R1C2,0,0)
PV(0.005,60,-100,0,1) gives the result $5,198.42
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FV|NPER|PMT|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 432
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QUARTILE
Thisfunctionreturnswhichquartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetavalueis.
Syntax
QUARTILE(array,quart)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayorcellrangeofnumericvaluesforwhichyouwantthequartilevalue
quart Quartilevalueforthearray(seethetablebelowforreturnedvalues)
Remarks
Aquarteris25percent.Sothequartilenumberisanintegerbetween0(theminimumvalueinthedataset)and4(themaximumvalueinthedataset)anddeterminesthevaluetoreturnaslistedinthetablebelow.
Ifthenumberis... Thenthisfunctionreturnsthe...0 Minimumvalue
1 Firstquartile(25thpercentile)
2 Medianvalue(50thpercentile)
3 Thirdquartile(75thpercentile)
4 Maximumvalue
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
QUARTILE(A1:A17,2)
QUARTILE(R1C1:R17C1,3)
QUARTILE({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1) gives the result 20.25
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PERCENTILE|PERCENTRANK|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 433
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QUARTILE.EXC
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthequartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetbasedonpercentilevaluesfrom0..1,exclusive.
Syntax
QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayorcellrangeofnumericvaluesforwhichyouwantthequartilevalue
quart Quartilevalueforthearray(seethetablebelowforreturnedvalues)
Remarks
Aquarteris25percent.Sothequartilenumberisanintegerbetween0(theminimumvalueinthedataset)and4(themaximumvalueinthedataset)anddeterminesthevaluetoreturnaslistedinthetablebelow.
Ifthenumberis... Thenthisfunctionreturnsthe...0 Minimumvalue
1 Firstquartile(25thpercentile)
2 Medianvalue(50thpercentile)
3 Thirdquartile(75thpercentile)
4 Maximumvalue
Thefunctionreturns#NUM!ifthearrayisempty.Thefunctionreturns#NUM!ifquart=0or4.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
QUARTILE.EXC(A1:A17,2)
QUARTILE.EXC(R1C1:R17C1,3)
QUARTILE.EXC({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1)givestheresult18.75
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 434
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QUARTILE.INC
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthequartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetbasedonpercentilevaluesfrom0..1,inclusive.
Syntax
QUARTILE.INC(array,quart)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayorcellrangeofnumericvaluesforwhichyouwantthequartilevalue
quart Quartilevalueforthearray(seethetablebelowforreturnedvalues)
Remarks
Aquarteris25percent.Sothequartilenumberisanintegerbetween0(theminimumvalueinthedataset)and4(themaximumvalueinthedataset)anddeterminesthevaluetoreturnaslistedinthetablebelow.
Ifthenumberis... Thenthisfunctionreturnsthe...0 Minimumvalue
1 Firstquartile(25thpercentile)
2 Medianvalue(50thpercentile)
3 Thirdquartile(75thpercentile)
4 Maximumvalue
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
QUARTILE.INC(A1:A17,2)
QUARTILE.INC(R1C1:R17C1,3)
QUARTILE.INC({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1)givestheresult20.25
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 435
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
QUOTIENT
Thisfunctionreturnstheintegerportionofadivision.Usethistoignoretheremainderofadivision.
Syntax
QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumerator Numeratorordividend
denominator Denominatorordivisor
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
QUOTIENT(B8,B10)
QUOTIENT(R8B2,R10B2)
QUOTIENT(14,4) gives the result 3
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MOD|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 436
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Functions R to S
FunctionsRtoS
RADIANS RAND RANDARRAY RANDBETWEEN
RANK RANK.AVG RANK.EQ RATE
RECEIVED REPLACE REPLACEB REPT
RIGHT RIGHTB ROMAN ROUND
ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP ROW ROWS
RRI RSQ RTD SEARCH
SEARCHB SEC SECH SECOND
SERIESSUM SEQUENCE SHEET SHEETS
SIGN SIN SINH SINGLE
SKEW SKEW.P SLN SLOPE
SMALL SORT SORTBY SQRT
SQRTPI STANDARDIZE STDEV STDEV.P
STDEV.S STDEVA STDEVP STDEVPA
STEYX SUBSTITUTE SUBTOTAL SUM
SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT SUMSQ
SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2 SWITCH
SYD
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RADIANS
Thisfunctionconvertsthespecifiednumberfromdegreestoradians.
Syntax
RADIANS(value)
Arguments
Thisfunctiontakesanyrealnumberanglevalueastheargument.
Remarks
Convertsangleindegreestoangleinradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RADIANS(B3)
RADIANS(R1C2)
RADIANS(45) gives the result 0.7853981634 (which is p/4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DEGREES|PI|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 438
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RAND
Thisfunctionreturnsanevenlydistributedrandomnumberbetween0and1.
Syntax
RAND()
Arguments
Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanewrandomnumber.
Togeneratearandomrealnumberbetweenxandy,withygreaterthanx,usethefollowingexpression:
RAND()*(y-x)+x
Togeneratearandomintegerbetweenxandy,withygreaterthanx,usethefollowingexpression:
INT((y-x+1)*RAND()+x)
Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.Formoreinformation,refertoVolatileFunctions.
DataTypes
Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RAND()
RAND()*100
INT(RAND()*100)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.Thisfunctionisavolatilefunctioninversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
RANDBETWEEN|INT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 439
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RANDARRAY
Thisfunctionreturnsanarrayofrandomnumericvalues.Userscanspecifythenumberofrowsandcolumns,minimumandmaximumvaluesandindicatewhethertoreturnintegersordecimalvalues.
Syntax
RANDARRAY([rows],[columns],[min],[max],[integer])
Arguments
RANDARRAYfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionrows Specifiesthenumberofrowsofrandomnumberstogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefault
value1isused).
columns Specifiesthenumberofcolumnsofrandomnumberstogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused).
min Specifiestheminimumofvaluestogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue0isused).
max Specifiesthemaximumofvaluestogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused).
integer ReturnsanintegeronlyifthespecifiedvalueisBooleanTRUE.IfthisvalueisFALSE,thisfunctionreturnsadecimalvalue(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalueFALSEisused).
DataTypes
Acceptsthenumberofrowsandcolumns.Returnsanarrayofrandomnumbers.
Note:RANDARRAYisavolatilefunction.Thismeansthateachtimetheworksheetcalculates,theRANDARRAYfunctionrecalculatesthenewvalues.
Remarks
Bydefault,ifusersdon'tspecifytheroworcolumnargument,theRANDARRAYfunctionwillreturnasinglevaluebetween0and1.Also,ifminimumandmaximumargumentsarenotspecified,thentheRANDARRAYfunctionreturnsarandomsetofvaluesbetween0and1.Theminimumnumberargumentshouldalwayscontainavaluewhichislessthanthemaximumnumber,elsethisfunctionwillreturna#VALUE!error.Further,ifthewhole-numberargumentisempty,thenthisfunctionwillchooseFALSEasthedefaultvalueandthedecimalvaluewillbereturned.
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellA8inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=RANDARRAY(5,3)"andreturnsarandomsetofvaluesbetween0and1.
Spread Formula Reference 440
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RANDARRAY(5,3,1,100)returnsaseriesofrandomdecimalvaluesbetween1and100.
RANDARRAY(5,3,1,100,TRUE)returnsaseriesofrandomwholenumbersbetween1and100.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 441
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RANDBETWEEN
Thisfunctionreturnsarandomnumberbetweenthenumbersyouspecify.
Syntax
RANDBETWEEN(lower,upper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionlower Lowernumberoftwonumbersbetweenwhicharandomnumberischosen;thisnumbermustbeless
thanupper
upper Uppernumberoftwonumbersbetweenwhicharandomnumberischosen
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsanewrandomnumbereverytimethesheetiscalculated.
Thisfunctionsreturnsanintegervalue.Thefirstargumentmustbelessthanthesecondargument.
Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.Formoreinformation,refertoVolatileFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RANDBETWEEN(A1,B2)
RANDBETWEEN(10,20)
RANDBETWEEN(10,40)*100
INT(RANDBETWEEN(1,10)*100)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.Thisfunctionisavolatilefunctioninversion2.5orlater.
SeeAlso
RAND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 442
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RANK
Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.Ifyouweretosorttheset,therankofthenumberwouldbeitspositioninthelist.
Syntax
RANK(number,array,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numberwhoserankyouwanttoreturn
array Referencetothesetofnumbers
order [Optional]Howthenumberisranked,eitherindescendingorder(0oromitted)orascendingorder(non-zerovalue)
Remarks
Thisfunctiongivesduplicatenumbersthesamerank.Thepresenceofduplicatenumbersaffectstheranksofsubsequentnumbers.Forexample,inalistofintegers,ifthenumber12appearstwiceandhasarankof4,then13wouldhavearankof6(nonumberwouldhavearankof5).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforthenumberargument,areferenceforthearrayargument,andnumericdatafortheorderargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RANK(B3,B1:B8,1)
RANK(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)
RANK(16,{2,4,8,16,32},1) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MEDIAN|MODE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 443
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RANK.AVG
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.
Syntax
RANK.AVG(number,array,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numberwhoserankyouwanttoreturn
array Referencetothesetofnumbers
order [Optional]Howthenumberisranked,eitherindescendingorder(0oromitted)orascendingorder(non-zerovalue)
Remarks
Thesizeofthereturnednumberisrelativetoothervaluesinthelist.Theaveragerankisreturnedifmorethanonevaluehasthesamerank.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforthenumberargument,areferenceforthearrayargument,andnumericdatafortheorderargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RANK.AVG(B3,B1:B8,1)
RANK.AVG(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 444
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RANK.EQ
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.
Syntax
RANK.EQ(number,array,order)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Numberwhoserankyouwanttoreturn
array Referencetothesetofnumbers
order [Optional]Howthenumberisranked,eitherindescendingorder(0oromitted)orascendingorder(non-zerovalue)
Remarks
Thesizeofthereturnednumberisrelativetoothervaluesinthelist.Thetoprankofthatsetofvaluesisreturnedifmorethanonevaluehasthesamerank.Duplicatenumbersaregiventhesamerank.Duplicatenumbersaffecttheranksofsubsequentnumbers.Forexample,ifthenumberof11isduplicatedwitharankof6inalistofascendingnumbers,thenumber12wouldhavearankof8.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforthenumberargument,areferenceforthearrayargument,andnumericdatafortheorderargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RANK.EQ(B3,B1:B8,1)
RANK.EQ(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 445
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RATE
Thisfunctionreturnstheinterestrateperperiodofanannuity.
Syntax
RATE(nper,pmt,pval,fval,type,guess)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity
pmt Valuerepresentingthepaymentmadeeachperiod
pval Presentvalue,worthnow
fval Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment
type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)
guess Guessforwhattheratewillbe(optional)
Remarks
Guessisassumedtobe10%ifomitted.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RATE(A1,B2,C3,C4,1)
RATE(360, -600, 80000) gives the result 0.686%
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IPMT|PMT|PPMT|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 446
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RECEIVED
Thisfunctionreturnstheamountreceivedatmaturityforafullyinvestedsecurity.
Syntax
RECEIVED(settle,mature,invest,discount,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
mature Maturitydateforthesecurity
invest Amountinvestedinthesecurity
discount Discountrateforthesecurity
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifinvestordiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RECEIVED(A1,B2,C3,C4,1)
RECEIVED("3/01/2004","6/01/2004",600000,0.03,2) gives $604,635.50
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
INTRATE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 447
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
REPLACE
Thisfunctionreplacespartofatextstringwithadifferenttextstring.
Syntax
REPLACE(old_text,start_char,num_chars,new_text)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionold_text Originaltextinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters
start_char Startingpositionintheoriginaltexttobeginthereplacement
num_chars Numberofcharactersintheoriginaltextthatyouwanttoreplacewithcharactersfromthenewtext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
new_text Newtextthatreplacescharactersintheoriginaltext
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontoreplaceaspecifiednumberofcharactersinaspecifiedlocationwithothercharacters.UsetheSUBSTITUTEfunctiontoreplacespecifictextwithothertext.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdatafortheold_textargument,numericdataforthestart_charargument,numericdataforthenum_charsargument,andstringdataforthenew_textargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
This example replaces three characters with one character, starting with the sixth character in the provided text:
REPLACE(""abcdefghijk"", 6, 3, ""%"") gives the result abcde%ijk
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FIND|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 448
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
REPLACEB
Thisfunctionreplacespartofatextstringwithadifferenttextstring(basedonspecifiednumberofbytes).
Syntax
REPLACEB(old_text,start_char,num_bytes,new_text)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionold_text Referstotheoriginaltextinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters.
start_char Referstothestartingpositionintheoriginaltexttobeginthereplacement.
num_bytes Referstothenumberofbytesintheoriginaltextthatyouwanttoreplacewithcharactersfromthenewtext.Ifthisfunctionisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
new_text Referstothenewtextthatreplacescharactersintheoriginaltext.
Remarks
TheREPLACEBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdatafortheold_textargument,numericdataforthestart_charargument,numericdataforthenum_bytesargument,andstringdataforthenew_textargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
REPLACEB("lovely",1,3,"lo")givestheresultloely.
REPLACEB("rosy",1,3,"!")givestheresult!y.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 449
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
REPT
Thisfunctionrepeatstextaspecifiednumberoftimes.
Syntax
REPT(text,number)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Textyouwanttorepeat
number Numberoftimesyouwanttorepeatthetext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;ifzero(0),returnsempty("")
Remarks
Theresultofthisfunctionmustbelessthanorequalto255characters.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthetextargumentandnumericdataforthenumberargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
REPT(D9, 2)
REPT(R9C4, 2)
REPT(""*4"", 3) gives the result *4*4*4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CONCATENATE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 450
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RIGHT
Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedrightmostcharactersfromatextvalue.
Syntax
RIGHT(text,num_chars)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Textstringfromwhichyouwanttoreturncharacters
num_chars [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifomitted,calculationusesone(1);ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.
Thenum_charsargumenthastheserules:
Thenum_charsargumentmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifthenum_charsargumentisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsalltext.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthetextargumentandnumericdataforthenum_charsargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
RIGHT(""Total Sales"",5) gives the result Sales
RIGHT(""Collie dog"") gives the result g
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LEFT|MID|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 451
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RIGHTB
Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedrightmostcharactersfromatextvalueonthebasisofthenumberofbytes.
Syntax
RIGHTB(mytext,num_bytes)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionmytext Referstothetextstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.
num_bytes [Optional]Referstothenumberofbytestobeextracted.Ifthisvalueisomitted,itusesone.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Remarks
Themytextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.
Thenum_bytesargumentworksonthefollowingrules:
Itmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifitisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsallthetext.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthefirstargumentandnumericdatathesecondargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
RIGHTB("NOVARO")givestheresultO.
RIGHTB("MOBILE")givestheresultE.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 452
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROMAN
Thisfunctionconvertsanarabicnumeraltoaromannumeraltextequivalent.
Syntax
ROMAN(number,style)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Arabicnumbertoconvert
style Typeofromannumeral
Remarks
Thestyleofromannumeralissetbythenumericvalueofthestyleargument:
Stylevalue Romannumeralstyle0 or omitted Classic
1 Moreconcise
2 Moreconcise
3 Moreconcise
4 Simplified
TRUE Classic
FALSE Simplified
Anerrorisreturnedifthenumberargumentisnegative.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
ROMAN(100,3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ABS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 453
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROUND
Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvaluetothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.
Syntax
ROUND(value,places)
Arguments
Usethevalueargumenttospecifythenumbertoround.Usetheplacesargumenttospecifythenumberofdecimalplaces.Theplacesargumenthastheserules:
Setplacestoavaluegreaterthanzerotoroundtothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.Setplacestozerotoroundtothenearestwholenumber.Setplacestoavaluelessthanzerotoroundthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestten,hundred,etc.
Remarks
Theresultmayberoundeduporroundeddown.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ROUND(A3,–2)
ROUND(C4,B2)
ROUND(R1C2,2)
ROUND(PI(),5) gives the result 3.14159
ROUND(29.2,-2) gives the result 0because 29.2 is closer to 0 than to 100.
ROUND(-1.963,0) gives the result -2
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROUNDDOWN|ROUNDUP|CEILING|FLOOR|MROUND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 454
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROUNDDOWN
Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiednumberdowntothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.
Syntax
ROUNDDOWN(value,places)
Arguments
Usethevalueargumenttospecifythenumbertoround.Usetheplacesargumenttospecifythenumberofdecimalplaces.Theplacesargumenthastheserules:
Setplacestoavaluegreaterthanzerotoroundtothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.Setplacestozerotoroundtothenearestwholenumber.Setplacestoavaluelessthanzerotoroundthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestten,hundred,etc.
Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbythevalueargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.
Remarks
Theresultisalwaysroundeddown.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ROUNDDOWN(3.2,0) gives the result 3
ROUNDDOWN(D14,3)
ROUNDOWN(R14C4,10)
ROUNDDOWN(3.14159,3) gives the result 3.141
ROUNDDOWN(-3.14159,1) gives the result -3.1
ROUNDDOWN(31415.92654,-2) gives the result 31400
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROUND|ROUNDUP|CEILING|FLOOR|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 455
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROUNDUP
Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiednumberuptothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.
Syntax
ROUNDUP(value,places)
Arguments
Usethevalueargumenttospecifythenumbertoround.Usetheplacesargumenttospecifythenumberofdecimalplaces.Theplacesargumenthastheserules:
Setplacestoavaluegreaterthanzerotoroundtothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.Setplacestozerotoroundtothenearestwholenumber.Setplacestoavaluelessthanzerotoroundthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestten,hundred,etc.
Remarks
Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbythevalueargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ROUNDUP(A3,–2)
ROUNDUP(C4,B2)
ROUNDUP(R1C2, 2)
ROUNDUP(PI(),5) gives the result 3.14160
ROUNDUP(29.2,-2) gives the result 100
ROUNDUP(-1.963,0) gives the result -2
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ROUND|ROUNDDOWN|CEILING|FLOOR|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 456
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROW
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofarowfromareference.
Syntax
ROW(reference)
Arguments
Theargumentisacellorasinglearea.
Remarks
Ifthereferenceisomitted,thereferenceofthecellthatthefunctionisinisused.
DataTypes
Acceptsacellorasinglearea.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ROW(B2) gives the result 2
ROW(B1:B5) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion3.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COLUMNS|INDEX|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 457
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ROWS
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofrowsinanarray.
Syntax
ROWS(array)
Arguments
Theargumentisanarray,anarrayformula,orarangeofcells.
DataTypes
Acceptsarray.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ROWS(B2:B14) gives the result 13
ROWS(R2C6:R4C12) gives the result 3
ROWS($H$2:$H$8) gives the result 7
ROWS(R[2]C[3]:R[8]C[3]) gives the result 7
ROWS(R3C2:R17C2) gives the result 15
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
COLUMNS|INDEX|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 458
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RRI
Thisfunctionreturnscalculatedinterestrateforgrowthofinvestment.
Syntax
RRI(nper,pv,fv)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionnper Numberofperiodsfortheinvestment
pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment
fv Futurevalueoftheinvestment
Alltheargumentsofthisfunctionhaspositivevalues.
Remarks
Ifthepassedargumentsareinvalid,thisfunctionreturnsanerrorvalue.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RRI(96,10000,11000)givestheresult0.0009933
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 459
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RSQ
ThisfunctionreturnsthesquareofthePearsonproductmomentcorrelationcoefficient(R‑squared)throughdatapointsinknowny’sandknownx’s.
Syntax
RSQ(array_dep,array_ind)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)
array_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
RSQ(B2:B14,H2:H14)
RSQ(R2C2:R14C2,R2C8:R14C8)
RSQ({2,4,6},{10,15,25}) gives the result 0.964286
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PEARSON|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 460
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
RTD
Thisfunctionretrievesreal-timedatafromaprogramthatsupportsCOMautomation.
Syntax
RTD(progID,server,topic1, topic2, ...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument DescriptionprogID ReferstothenameoftheProgIDofaregisteredCOMautomationadd-inthathasbeeninstalledon
thelocalcomputer.
server Referstothenameoftheserverwheretheadd-inis.Leavetheargumentblankifthisisrunlocally.
topic1 Thetopic1argumentisrequired.Subsequenttopicsareoptional.Therecanbe1to253parametersthatrepresentauniquepieceofreal-timedata.
Remarks
TheRTDCOMautomationadd-inmustbecreatedandregisteredonalocalcomputer.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 461
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SEARCH
Thisfunctionfindsonetextstringinanothertextstringandreturnstheindexofthestartingpositionofthefoundtext.
Syntax
SEARCH(string1,string2)
Arguments
Thefirstargumentisastringorcellreferenceofthetextyouaresearchingforandthesecondargumentisastring,cellreference,orcellrangeofwhatyouwanttosearch.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreferenceorstring.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SEARCH(A2,A4:A9)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FIND|CONCATENATE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 462
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SEARCHB
Thisfunctionsearchesonetextvaluewithinanotherandreturnsthetextvalue’spositioninthetextyousearched.
Syntax
SEARCHB(findtext,intext,start)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionfindtext Referstothetextyouaretryingtofind;ifempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirstcharacterinthe
searchstring(thatis,thecharacternumberedstartor1);cannotcontainwildcardcharacters.
intext Referstothetextthroughwhichyouaresearching.
start [Optional]Referstothenumberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch.Thefirstcharacterofintextargumentis1.Ifthisvalueisomitted,thecalculationstartsat1.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.
Remarks
TheSEARCHBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butithappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.
Thisfunctionperformsacase-specificsearch(forexample,tospecifyacapitalletterandnotlowercaseletters).
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthefindtextargument,stringdatafortheintextargument,andnumericdataforthestartargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SEARCHB("MOB","MOBILE")givestheresult1.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 463
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SEC
Thisfunctionreturnsthesecantofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
SEC(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthesecant.
Remarks
Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SEC(60)givestheresult-1.049
SEC(45)givestheresult1.903
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 464
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SECH
Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolicsecantofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
SECH(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthehyperbolicsecant.
Remarks
Theabsolutevalueofanglemustbelessthan2^27.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SECH(30)givestheresult1.87E-13
SECH(45)givestheresult5.73E-20
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 465
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SECOND
Thisfunctionreturnstheseconds(0to59)valueforaspecifiedtime.
Syntax
SECOND(time)
Arguments
Specifythetimeargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),aDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asinTIME(12,0,0).Formoredetailsonthedateandtimeinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions
Datesasnumericvaluesareintheformx.y,wherexisthe"numberofdayssinceDecember30,1899"andyisthefractionofday.Numberstotheleftrepresentthedate.Timesasnumericvaluesaredecimalfractionsrangingfrom0to0.99999999,representingthetimesfrom0:00:00(12:00:00A.M.)to23:59:59(11:59:59P.M.).
Remarks
Thesecondisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0to59
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SECOND(A2)
SECOND(R2C1)
SECOND(0.01) gives the result 24
SECOND(TIME(12,0,0))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HOUR|MINUTE|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 466
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SERIESSUM
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofapowerseries.
Syntax
SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coeff)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valuetoevaluateinthepowerseries
n Powertowhichtoraisex
m Stepbywhichtoincreasenforeachtermintheseries
coeff Setofcoefficientsfortheseries(thevaluesofa1,a2,...ai)
Remarks
Thepowerseriesformulais:
wherex,n,andmarethesimilarlynamedargumentsandaisthecoeffargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SERIESSUM(34,3,2,A1:A6)
SERIESSUM(12,3,1,B2:B24)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 467
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCEfunctionreturnsalistofsequentialnumbersinanarray(inascendingorder),suchas1,2,3,4andsoon.Thisfunctionisusedwithhard-codedargumentsinordertoallowuserstogenerateaspecificsequenceofvaluesforthedynamicarrayformula.
Syntax
SEQUENCE(rows,[columns],[start],[step])
Arguments
SEQUENCEfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionrows [required]Specifiesthenumberofrowstogenerateinthesequence.Itismandatoryforusersto
specifythisargument.Ifthisargumentisnotprovided,the#CALC!errorwillbereturned.
columns [optional]Specifiesthenumberofcolumnstogenerateinthesequence.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsanarraywiththespecifiednumberofcolumns.Ifnothingisspecified,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.
start [optional]Specifiesthestartingvalue.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsvaluesstartingwiththespecifiedvalue.Incasenothingisspecifiedbytheuser,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.
step [optional]Specifiestheincrementvalue.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsvaluesincrementedwiththatspecifiedvalue.Incasenothingisspecifiedbytheuser,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.
DataTypes
Acceptsthenumberofrowsandcolumns.Returnsasequenceofnumbers.
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellA2inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SEQUENCE(4,5)"andreturnsanarraywithvaluesspilledtoacellrangecontainingfourrowsandfivecolumnsdisplayingnumbersinthesequence1,2,3,4upto20.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 468
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SHEET
Thisfunctionreturnsthesheetnumberofthereferencesheet.
Syntax
SHEET(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,thenameofasheetorareferenceforwhichyouwantthesheetnumber.Thisargumentisoptional.
Remarks
The#REF!errorvalueisreturnedifthevalueargumentisaninvalidvalue.The#NAerrorvalueisreturnedifthevalueargumentisaninvalidsheetname.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SHEET(Products)givestheresult1,whereProductsisthenameofthefirstsheet(Sheet1)intheworkbook.
SHEET("SheetFour")givestheresult4,whereSheetFouristhenameofthe4thsheetintheworkbook.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 469
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SHEETS
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofsheetsinareference.
Syntax
SHEETS(ref)
Arguments
Fortheargument,thereferenceforwhichyouwanttoknowthenumberofsheets.Thisargumentisoptional.
Remarks
The#REF!errorvalueisreturnedifthereferenceisnotavalidvalue.Thetotalnumberofsheetsintheworkbookisreturnedifnoparameterislisted.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SHEETS(Products)givestheresult2.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 470
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SIGN
Thisfunctionreturnsthesignofanumberorexpression.
Syntax
SIGN(cellreference)
SIGN(value)
SIGN(expression)
Arguments
Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.
Remarks
Returns1ifthenumberispositive,0ifthenumberis0,and–1ifthenumberisnegative.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SIGN(B3)
SIGN(R1C2)
SIGN(-5) gives the result -1
SIGN(15-8) gives the result 1
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ABS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 471
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SIN
Thisfunctionreturnsthesineofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
SIN(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthesine.
Remarks
Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SIN(B4)
SIN(R1C2)
SIN(30*PI()/180) gives the result 0.5
SIN(RADIANS(45))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOS|ASIN|COS|SINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 472
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SINH
Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolicsineofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
SINH(value)
Arguments
Youcanuseanyrealnumberforthevalueargument.
Remarks
Theequationforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineis:
wherezisthevalueargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SINH(B4)
SINH(R1C2)
SINH(1) gives the result 1.1752011936
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ACOSH|ASINH|SIN|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 473
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SINGLE
Thisfunctionreturnsasinglevalue,asinglecellrangeoranerrorusingtheintersectionlogic.Therearetwotypesofintersectionlogic-ImplicitIntersectionandExplicitIntersection.
TheImplicitintersectionlogicselectsasinglevaluefromanarrayofvalueswhilealsoensuringthattheformulareturnsonlyonevaluethatthecellcanhold.Implicitintersectioncanbeusedwhenuserswanttospecifyarangeargumenttoafunctionthatexpectsasinglevalueandtheformulaisnotanarrayformula(aformulaenteredusingCtrl+Shift+Enter).Inthiscase,thevalueinthecelloftherangewhichintersectsthecolumnorrowoftheformulacellisusedforthefunction.
Whendynamicarraysareenabled,thenthe"ImplicitIntersection"isnotsupported,andusersmustusetheSINGLEfunction(orthe'@'operator)tospecifythe"ExplicitIntersection"inordertoreturnthesinglevalue.Thisisrequiredbecausespecifyingtherangeargumentwillpasstherangetothefunctionandtheresultswillbespilledasadynamicarray.
Syntax
SINGLE(value)
Arguments
value-[required]Specifiesthevaluethatyouwanttoevaluateusingimplicitintersection.
DataTypes
Acceptsvaluesintheformofacellrange.Returnsasinglevalue,asinglecellrangeoranerror.
Remarks
Iftheargumentprovidedbytheusercontainsarange,thentheSINGLEfunctionreturnsthecellattheintersectionoftheroworcolumnoftheformulacell.But,ifthereisnointersection,ormorethanonecellfallsintotheintersection,thenthisfunctionwillreturna#VALUE!error.Further,iftheargumentprovidedbytheusercontainsanarray,theSINGLEfunctionreturnsthefirstitem(i.e.Row1,Column1).
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellA15inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SINGLE(A15:E15)"andreturnstheresult"C"inthecellC16byevaluatingtheintersectionoftherowsandcolumnsinthecellrangeA15toE15.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 474
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SKEW
Thisfunctionreturnstheskewnessofadistribution.
Syntax
SKEW(number1,number2,...)
Arguments
Theargumentsarenumericvalues.Onlythefirstargumentisrequired.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SKEW(A1,B2,B3,C1,C4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
KURT|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 475
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SKEW.P
Thisfunctioncalculatestheskewnessofadistributiononthebasisofpopulation.
Syntax
SKEW.P(value1,[value2],...)
Arguments
Theargumentspassedarenumericvalues.Onlythefirstargumentisrequired.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.
Remarks
Thisfunctiondoesn'tmakeuseofasamplebutusesthestandarddeviationofthewholepopulation.
Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid(invalidvaluesordatatypes),thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SKEW.P(3,4,5,2,3,4,5,6,4,7)givestheresult0.303
SKEW.P(4,7,5,2,3,4,5,1,2,7)givestheresult0.1619
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 476
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SLN
Thisfunctionreturnsthestraight-linedepreciationofanassetforoneperiod.
Syntax
SLN(cost,salvage,life)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset
salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciation
life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SLN(B1,1000,10)
SLN(R1C2,1000,10)
SLN(500000,20000,5) gives the result $96,000
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DB|DDB|SYD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 477
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SLOPE
Thisfunctioncalculatestheslopeofalinearregression.
Syntax
SLOPE(array_dep,array_ind)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)
array_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SLOPE(A1:A4,B1:B4)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SERIESSUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 478
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SMALL
Thisfunctionreturnsthenthsmallestvalueinadataset,wherenisspecified.
Syntax
SMALL(array,n)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayfromwhichtoreturnthenthlargestvalue
n Theposition(fromthelargestvalue)forwhichtoreturnthevalue(forexample,5toreturnthefifthlargestvalue).Mustbeequaltoorlessthanthenumberofitemsinthearray.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontoselectavaluebasedonitsrelativestanding.
DataTypes
Acceptsarrayandnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SMALL(B4:B8,2)
SMALL(R4C2:R8C2,2)
SMALL({15, 20, 10, 5}, 2) gives the result 10
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LARGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 479
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SORT
Thisfunctionsortsthedatainacellrangeoranarray.Thecellcontentsareextractedfromthesourcearray,thedataissortedandtheresultsspillintotheresultantrangewithadynamicarrayofvaluesarrangedinascendingordescendingorder.Userscansortthevaluesbyoneormorecolumnsinthespreadsheetaspercustomrequirements.
TheSORTfunctionrequiresthesortkeystobeincludedinsidethespecifiedarray.Further,userscanperformsortingonmultiplefieldsbyexecutingthemultiple-keysortingoperationontheworksheet.Forinstance-let'ssayyouhavealargedatabasethatyouwanttosortinsuchawaythatyoucanobtainthesalesdatatoanalysewhichregionsellshowmanyproductunits.Now,inthisscenario,youwillhavetoperformsortingontwofieldsconcurrently-1)SortingbasedontheRegioncolumn(thatspecifiestheareawheretheproductisbeingsold)and2)SortingbasedontheSalescolumn(thatcontainsthefiguresastohowmanyproductsaresold).Inmultiple-keysortingormulti-leveldatasorting,thesortindexandthesortordercanbeofthesamelengthwhichspecifiesmultiplesortkeysandtheirsortkeyordersrespectively.
Syntax
SORT(array, [sort_index], [sort_order], [by_col])
Arguments
SORTfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttosort.
sort_index [optional]Specifiesthecolumnindexoftheroworcolumntosortby.Ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused.
sort_order [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.
by_col [optional]IfthisargumentisTRUE,itreferstothe"sortbycolumn"operationandifFALSE,itreferstothe"sortbyrow"operation.ThedefaultvalueisBooleanFALSEi.e.thesortbyrowoperation.
Ifyouareimplementingmultiple-keysorting,theargumentssort_index[specifiesmultiplesortkeys]andthesort_order[specifiesthesortkeyorders]intheabovetablecanbeofthesamelength.
DataTypes
Acceptsarangeorarraythatuserswanttosort.Returnsasortedarray.
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellD4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(A4:A15)"andreturnsthecustomernamessortedbyageintheincreasingorder.
Spread Formula Reference 480
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IfyouwanttosortalltheuniquevaluesintherangeA4toA15,youcaneitherapplythesortfunctionontheuniquelistdisplayedinthecolumnC4oryoucanalsocombineboththefunctionsSORTandUNIQUEintoasingleformula.
Forinstance,thecellE4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(C4#)"where#indicatesalist.ThisformulawillsortthelistofvaluesincolumnC(wherecellC4alreadycontainstheUNIQUEformula"=UNIQUE(A4:A15)")anddisplaystheresultsincolumnE.
Alternatively,youcanalsocombineboththefunctionsSORTandUNIQUE.Forinstance,thecellF4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(UNIQUE(A4:A15))"whichreturnsalltheuniquevaluesintherangeA4:A15sortedalphabetically.
VersionAvailable
Spread Formula Reference 481
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ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 482
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SORTBY
Thisfunctionsortsthecontentsofacellrangeoranarrayonthebasisofthevaluespresentinacorrespondingrangeorarray.
UnliketheSORTfunction,theSORTBYfunctiondoesn'trequirethesortkeystobeincludedinsidethespecifiedarrayorthesortrange.However,itisnecessarytoallocateappropriatesizetothesortkeys(withrespecttotheircorrectlength)whileworkingwiththisfunction.
Syntax
SORTBY(array, by_array1, [order_array1], [by_array2,order_array2], …)
Arguments
SORTBYfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttosort.
by_array1 [required]Specifiesthearrayorrangeofthefirstsortkey.
order_array1 [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.
by_array2 [optional]Specifiesthearrayorrangeofthesecondsortkey.
order_array2 [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.Thisargumentisrequiredonlyiftheby_array2argumentisspecified.
Thisfunctioncanacceptadditionalargumentsinpairs.Userscanspecifythenextsortkeyrangeandorderaspercustomrequirements.
DataTypes
Acceptsacellrangeoranarrayofdatathatyouwanttosortalongwithanothercellrangebasedonwhichthesortoperationwilltakeplace.Returnsasortedarray.
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellG4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORTBY(A4:B15,B4:B15)".ThisfunctionsortsthecellrangeA4toB15basedonanothercellrangeB4toB15andreturnsthecustomernamesdisplayedalongwiththeiragessortedintheincreasingorder(thedefaultsortorder).
Spread Formula Reference 483
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 484
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SQRT
Thisfunctionreturnsthepositivesquarerootofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
SQRT(value)
Arguments
Theargumentmaybeanypositivenumericvalue.Youmustprovideapositivenumberfortheargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SQRT(B4)
SQRT(R4C2)
SQRT(256) gives the result 16
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
POWER|EXP|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 485
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SQRTPI
Thisfunctionreturnsthepositivesquarerootofamultipleofpi(p).
Syntax
SQRTPI(multiple)
Arguments
Specifythenumberofmultiplesofpi(p)ofwhichtocalculatethesquareroot.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncalculatesthesquarerootofamultipleofpi.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SQRTPI(A3)
SQRTPI(1) is the same as SQRT(PI())
SQRTPI(5) gives the result 3.963327
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PI|SQRT|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 486
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STANDARDIZE
Thisfunctionreturnsanormalizedvaluefromadistributioncharacterizedbymeanandstandarddeviation.
Syntax
STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stdev)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valuetonormalize
mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution
stdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STANDARDIZE(15.6,A4,B2)
STANDARDIZE(88,48,1.6) gives the result 25
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
NORMDIST|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 487
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STDEV
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforasetofnumbers.
Syntax
STDEV(value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,oranintegervalue.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.
Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"non-biased"or"n–1"method.
Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationis:
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVPfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromtheSTDEVA,whichallowstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STDEV(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
STDEV(A1:A9)
STDEV(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)
STDEV(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 9.3422576382
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 488
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STDEV.P
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation(ofnumericvalues).
Syntax
STDEV.P(value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,oranintegervalue.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVfunction.
Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"biased"or"n"method.
Logicalvaluesandtextrepresentationsofnumbersthataretypedintothelistofargumentsarecounted.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,errorvalues,logicalvalues,ortextinthearrayorreferenceareignored.
Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationforapopulationis:
wherexisthesamplemean,AVERAGE(number1,number2,…),andnisthenumberofvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STDEV.P(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
STDEV.P(A1:A9)
STDEV.P(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)
STDEV.P(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96)givestheresult8.80796497
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 489
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STDEV.S
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationbasedonasample(ofnumericvalues).
Syntax
STDEV.S(value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,oranintegervalue.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEV.Pfunction.
Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"n-1"method.
Logicalvaluesandtextrepresentationsofnumbersthataretypedintothelistofargumentsarecounted.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,errorvalues,logicalvalues,ortextinthearrayorreferenceareignored.
Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationforapopulationis:
wherexisthesamplemean,AVERAGE(number1,number2,…),andnisthenumberofvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STDEV.S(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
STDEV.S(A1:A9)
STDEV.S(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)
STDEV.S(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96)givestheresult9.342257638
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 490
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STDEVA
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforasetofnumbers,text,orlogicalvalues.
Syntax
STDEVA(value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,anintegervalue,text,oralogicalvalue.Therecanbeupto255arguments.TRUEevaluatesto1andFALSEortextevaluatesto0.
Remarks
Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.
Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"non-biased"or"n–1"method.
TheequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationisthesameasforSTDEV:
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVbecauseitacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,text,andlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STDEVA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
STDEVA(A1:A9)
STDEVA(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)
STDEVA(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 9.3422576382
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGE|STDEV|STDEVPA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 491
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STDEVP
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation(ofnumericvalues).
Syntax
STDEVP(value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,oranintegervalue.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.
Remarks
Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.
Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"biased"or"n"method.
Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationforapopulationis:
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVPA,whichacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STDEVP(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
STDEVP(A1:A9)
STDEVP(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)
STDEVP(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 8.8079649700
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|STDEV|STDEVPA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 492
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STDEVPA
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation,includingtextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
Syntax
STDEVPA(value1,value2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranintegervalue.Therecanbeupto255arguments.TRUEevaluatesas1.TextorFALSEevaluatesas0.
Remarks
Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.
Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"biased"or"n"method.
Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationforapopulationis:
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVAfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVPbecauseitacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,text,andlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STDEVPA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)
STDEVPA(A1:A9)
STDEVPA(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)
STDEVPA(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 8.8079649700
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|STDEVP|STDEVA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 493
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STEYX
Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarderrorofthepredictedyvalueforeachx.Thestandarderrorisameasureoftheamountoferrorinthepredictionofyforavalueofx.
Syntax
STEYX(array_dep,array_ind)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)
array_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
STEYX(A1:A17,B1:B17)
STEYX({22,33,49,21,32,37,43},{31,28,29,42,35,37,34]) gives the result 10.14406
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERF|PEARSON|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 494
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SUBSTITUTE
Thisfunctionsubstitutesanewstringforspecifiedcharactersinanexistingstring.
Syntax
SUBSTITUTE(text,old_piece,new_piece,instance)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Stringorreferencetoacellcontainingthestringinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters
old_piece Stringtobereplaced
new_piece Newstringtouseinsteadofexistingstring
instance [Optional]Whichoccurrenceoftheexistingstringtoreplace;otherwiseeveryoccurrenceisreplaced
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontoreplacespecifictextwithothertext.UsetheREPLACEfunctiontoreplaceaspecificnumberofcharactersinaspecificlocationwithothercharacters.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdataforthetext,old_piece,andnew_piecearguments,andnumericdatafortheinstanceargument.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
SUBSTITUTE(""Down Trend"",""Down"",""Up"") gives the result Up Trend
SUBSTITUTE(""Feb 1, 1991"",""1"",""2"", 3) gives the result Feb 1, 1992
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FIND|REPLACE|TRIM|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 495
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SUBTOTAL
Thisfunctioncalculatesasubtotalofalistofnumbersusingaspecifiedbuilt-infunction.
Syntax
SUBTOTAL(functioncode,value1,value2,...)
SUBTOTAL(functioncode,array)
Arguments
Thefunctioncodeargumentisthenumberthatrepresentsthebuilt-infunctiontouseforthesubtotal,asgiveninthistable.
Built-InFunction
FunctionCode(IncludeHiddenValues)
FunctionCode(IgnoreHiddenValues)
AVERAGE 1 101
COUNT 2 102
COUNTA 3 103
MAX 4 104
MIN 5 105
PRODUCT 6 106
STDEV 7 107
STDEVP 8 108
SUM 9 109
VAR 10 110
VARP 11 111
Eachadditionalargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentscanbeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
TheSUBTOTALfunctiondoesnotincludeotherSUBTOTALformularesultsthatareinthesamerange.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUBTOTAL(8,A1:B7)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 496
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SeeAlso
SUMPRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 497
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SUM
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofcellsorrangeofcells.
Syntax
SUM(value1,value2,...)
SUM(array)
SUM(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
RangereferenceswithmixedrelativenessforcolumnorrowendpointsarenotsupportedwiththeSUMfunction.R1C[1]:R2C[2]isokaybut,R1C1:R2C[2]isnot.
TheSUMfunctionignoresnon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.Forexample,ifA1containsTRUE,A2contains"2",andA3contains4,then:
TRUE+"2"+4evaluatesto7
A1+A2+A3evaluatesto7
SUM(TRUE,"2",4)evaluatesto7
SUM(A1,A2,A3)evaluatesto4
The+operatorprovidesanauto-conversionfornon-numericvaluespassedbyconstantandfornon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.TheSUMfunctionprovidesanauto-conversionfornon-numericvaluespassedbyconstantbut,ignoresnon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUM(A1,B7,C11)
SUM(A1:A9)
SUM(A2:A14,B2:B18,D12:D30)
SUM(R1C2,R3C5,R6C2,R1C7)
SUM(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 797
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 498
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUMPRODUCT|SERIESSUM|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 499
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SUMIF
Thisfunctionaddsthecellsusingagivencriteria.
Syntax
SUMIF(array,condition,sumrange)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoran
integervalue
condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsareadded,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)
sumrange [Optional]Rangeofcellstoadd;ifomitted,thenallthecellsinthearrayareadded
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforarrayandsumrange.Acceptstext,numericorexpressiondataforcondition.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMIF(A1:B7,">150",C1:C11)
SUMIF(A1:A9,">150")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUMPRODUCT|SUM|COUNTIF|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 500
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SUMIFS
Thisfunctionaddsthecellsinarangeusingmultiplecriteria.
Syntax
SUMIFS(array,conditionarray,condition,...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoran
integervalue
conditionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoranintegervalue
condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsareadded,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforarray.Acceptstext,numericorexpressiondataforcondition.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10,">0",C1:C10,"<10")
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUMPRODUCT|SUM|COUNTIF|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 501
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SUMPRODUCT
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofproductsofcells.Multipliescorrespondingcomponentsinthegivenarrays,andreturnsthesumofthoseproducts.
Syntax
SUMPRODUCT(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Theremustbeatleasttwoarrays(array1,array2)andoptionallyupto255arrays(array3,...)asarguments.Thearraysmusthavethesamedimension.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMPRODUCT(A1:A17,B1:B17,C1:C17)
SUMPRODUCT({2,3,5,6,4,7},{5,6,4,4,7,2}) gives the result 114
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 502
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SUMSQ
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesquaresofthearguments.
Syntax
SUMSQ(value1,value2,...)
SUMSQ(array)
SUMSQ(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMSQ(A1,B7,C11)
SUMSQ(A1:A9)
SUMSQ(R1C2,R3C5,R6C2,R1C7)
SUMSQ(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 71277
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUMPRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 503
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SUMX2MY2
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthedifferenceofthesquaresofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.
Syntax
SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_y)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_x Firstarrayofvalues(x’s)
array_y Secondarrayofvalues(y’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMX2MY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUMX2PY2|SUMXMY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 504
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SUMX2PY2
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesumofsquaresofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.
Syntax
SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_x Firstarrayofvalues(x’s)
array_y Secondarrayofvalues(y’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMX2PY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUMX2MY2|SUMXMY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 505
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SUMXMY2
Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesquareofthedifferencesofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.
Syntax
SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray_x Firstarrayofvalues(x’s)
array_y Secondarrayofvalues(y’s)
Thearraysmustbethesamesize.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SUMXMY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
SUMX2PY2|SUMX2MY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 506
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SWITCH
Thisfunctioncomparesspecifiedexpressionagainstgivenlistofvaluesandreturnstheresultaccordingtothefirstmatchingvalue.
Syntax
SWITCH(expression,value, result, result_no_match)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionexpression Valueorexpressiontocompare
value Valuecomparedagainstexpression
result Valuereturnedifcomparisionmatches
result_no_match Valuereturnedifcomparisiondonotmatch
Remarks
Inthisfunction,argumentvalueandresultcantakeupto126differententrieseach.
DataTypes
Acceptsdataofanytype.Returnsdataofanytype.
Examples
SWITCH(WEEKDAY(A2),1,"Sunday",2,"Monday",3,"Tuesday","Nomatch")givestheresultNomatch.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 507
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SYD
Thisfunctionreturnsthesum-of-years’digitsdepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiod.
Syntax
SYD(cost,salvage,life,period)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset
salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciation
life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated
period Periodfordepreciation;mustusethesameunitsasthelifeargument.
Remarks
Thisfunctioncalculatesthedigitsdepreciationasfollows:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
SYD(B1,1000,10,1)
SYD(R1C2,1000,10,1)
SYD(100000,10000,5,2) gives the result $2,4000
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DB|DDB|SLN|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 508
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions T to Z
FunctionsTtoZ
T T.DIST T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT
T.INV T.INV.2T T.TEST TAN
TANH TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD
TDIST TEXT TEXTJOIN TIME
TIMEVALUE TINV TODAY TRANSPOSE
TREND TRIM TRIMMEAN TRUE
TRUNC TTEST TYPE UNICHAR
UNICODE UNIQUE UPPER USDOLLAR
VALUE VAR VAR.P VAR.S
VARA VARP VARPA VDB
VLOOKUP WEBSERVICE WEEKDAY WEEKNUM
WEIBULL WEIBULL.DIST WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL
XIRR XLOOKUP XMATCH XNPV
XOR YEAR YEARFRAC YIELD
YIELDDISC YIELDMAT Z.TEST ZTEST
Spread Formula Reference 509
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T
Thisfunctionreturnsthetextinaspecifiedcell.
Syntax
T(value)
Arguments
Theargumentisanycellreference.
Remarks
Ifthecellcontainstext,thisfunctionreturnstext.Ifthecellcontainsanumber,thisfunctionreturnsanemptystring.
DataTypes
Acceptscellreference.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
T(B3) If B3 contains "Test" then this function returns "Test".
T(R3C2)
T(A1)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
LEN|ISTEXT|CHAR|UPPER|LOWER|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 510
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
T.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityforthet-distribution.
Syntax
T.DIST(x,deg,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueusedtoevaluatethedistribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifxordegarenonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforxanddegarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
T.DIST(A1,B45,TRUE)
T.DIST(0.245,2,TRUE)givestheresult1.4146507236438
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TDIST
Spread Formula Reference 511
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
T.DIST.2T
Thisfunctionreturnsthet-distribution.
Syntax
T.DIST.2T(x,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
T.DIST.2T(A1,B45,2)
T.DIST.2T(0.245,2,1)givestheresult0.414651
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TDIST
Spread Formula Reference 512
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
T.DIST.RT
Thisfunctionreturnsthet-distribution.
Syntax
T.DIST.RT(x,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
T.DIST.RT(A1,B45)
T.DIST.RT(0.245,2)givestheresult0.41465072364379996
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TDIST
Spread Formula Reference 513
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
T.INV
Thisfunctionreturnsthet-valueofthestudent'st-distributionasafunctionoftheprobabilityandthedegreesoffreedom.
Syntax
T.INV(prog,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthestudent’st-distribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
T.INV(A4,2)
T.INV(0.68,4)givestheresult0.5051744394100004
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TINV
Spread Formula Reference 514
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
T.INV.2T
Thisfunctionreturnsthet-valueofthestudent'st-distributionasafunctionoftheprobabilityandthedegreesoffreedom.
Syntax
T.INV.2T(prog,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
T.INV.2T(A4,2)
T.INV.2T(0.68,4)givestheresult0.44400612800394834
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TINV
Spread Formula Reference 515
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
T.TEST
Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityassociatedwithat-test.
Syntax
T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray1 Arrayofvaluesinfirstdataset
array2 Arrayofvaluesinseconddataset
tails Numberoftails
type Typeoft-testtoperform(1,2,or3)
Remarks
Thetailsandtypeargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftailsortypeisnonnumeric.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
T.TEST(A1:A17,B1:B17,4,3)
T.TEST({2,2,2,3,4},{2,3,3,4,5},1,2)givestheresult0.1260360000000153
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TTEST
Spread Formula Reference 516
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TAN
Thisfunctionreturnsthetangentofthespecifiedangle.
Syntax
TAN(angle)
Arguments
Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthetangent.
Remarks
Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TAN(B3)
TAN(R3C2)
TAN(45*PI()/180) gives the result 1
TAN(RADIANS(20))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ATAN|ATAN2|COS|SIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 517
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TANH
Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolictangentofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
TANH(value)
Remarks
Youcanuseanyrealnumberforthevalueargument.
Theequationforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineis:
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TANH(B3)
TANH(R1C2)
TANH(0.5) gives the result 0.4621171573
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ATAN|ATANH|COSH|SINH|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 518
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TBILLEQ
ThisfunctionreturnstheequivalentyieldforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).
Syntax
TBILLEQ(settle,mature,discount)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle SettlementdatefortheTreasurybill
mature MaturitydatefortheTreasurybill
discount DiscountratefortheTreasurybill
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanmatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Thisfunctioniscalculatedas(365xrate)/(360-(ratexDSM)),whereDSMisthenumberofdaysbetweensettleandmaturecomputedaccordingtothe360daysperyearbasis.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TBILLEQ(A1,B2,C3)
TBILLEQ("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",0.0532) gives the result 0.054437659 (or 5.44%)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TBILLPRICE|TBILLYIELD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 519
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TBILLPRICE
Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceper$100facevalueforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).
Syntax
TBILLPRICE(settle,mature,discount)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle SettlementdatefortheTreasurybill
mature MaturitydatefortheTreasurybill
discount DiscountratefortheTreasurybill
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanmatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TBILLPRICE(A1,B2,C3)
TBILLPRICE("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",0.065)gives the result $98.88055556
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TBILLEQ|TBILLYIELD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 520
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TBILLYIELD
ThisfunctionreturnstheyieldforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).
Syntax
TBILLYIELD(settle,mature,priceper)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle SettlementdatefortheTreasurybill
mature MaturitydatefortheTreasurybill
priceper Priceper$100facevaluefortheTreasurybill
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifpriceperislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TBILLYIELD(A1,B2,C3)
TBILLYIELD("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",98.65)gives the result 0.0794598041299475 (or 5.80%)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TBILLEQ|TBILLPRICE|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 521
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TDIST
Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityforthet-distribution.
Syntax
TDIST(x,deg,tails)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
tails Numberoftailstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;for1,returnsone‑taileddistribution;for2,returnstwo‑taileddistribution
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TDIST(A1,B45,2)
TDIST(0.245,2,1)gives the result 0.414651
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FDIST|TINV|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 522
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TEXT
Thisfunctionformatsanumberandconvertsittotext.
Syntax
TEXT(value,text)
Arguments
Thetextargumentrequiresastring.Valuerequiresnumericdataorareferencetoacellthatcontainsnumericdata.
DataTypes
Returnsstringdata.
Examples
TEXT(A1,"$0.00") gives the result $10.00if A1 contains 10
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion5.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CHAR|EXACT|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 523
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TEXTJOIN
Thisfunctioncombinesthetextfrommultiplestrings,andincludesthespecifieddelimiterbetweeneachtextvalue.
Syntax
TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, value1, value2,...)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptiondelimiter Referstoatextstring(eitherempty,oroneormorecharactersinsidedoublequotes)oracell
referencecontainingtextvalue.Ifyoupassanumberinthisargument,itwillberecognizedastext.
ignore_empty AcceptsabooleanTRUEorFALSE.IfthisvalueisTRUE,itignoresemptycells.
value1 Referstoatextstring,oranarrayofstringstobejoined.
value2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionaltextstringstobejoined.
Remarks
Theresultantstringcanholdamaximumof32767characters.Iftheresultantstringexceedsthislimit,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.
DataTypes
Returnsstringdata.
Examples
TEXTJOIN("",TRUE,"You","may","get","late","for","party.")givestheresultYoumaygetlateforparty.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 524
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TIME
Thisfunctionreturnsthedecimalnumberforthespecifiedtime.
Syntax
TIME(hour,minutes,seconds)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionhour Hourasanumberfrom0to23.
minutes Minutesasanumberfrom0to59.
seconds Secondsasanumberfrom0to59.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsadecimalvalue.
Examples
TIME(A1,B1,C1)
TIME(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)
TIME(12,0,0) gives the result 0.5
TIME(16,48,10) gives the result 0.7
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TIME function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
HOUR|MINUTE|DAY|NOW|TODAY|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 525
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TIMEVALUE
ThisfunctionreturnsthedecimalnumberrepresentingaparticulartimeinExcel.
Syntax
TIMEVALUE(time_string)
Arguments
Specifythetimeasatextstring.
Remarks
Usethisfunctiontoconvertthetimerepresentedbyatextstringtoadecimalnumber.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.ReturnsthedecimalnumberthatrepresentsthetimeinExcel.
Examples
TIMEVALUE(B18)
TIMEVALUE(R18C2)
TIMEVALUE("5:29") gives the result 0.228472
TIMEVALUE("5:29 PM") gives the result 0.728472
TIMEVALUE("17:29") gives the result 0.728472
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TIMEVALUE function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
TIME|DATEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 526
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TINV
Thisfunctionreturnsthet-valueofthestudent'st-distributionasafunctionoftheprobabilityandthedegreesoffreedom.
Syntax
TINV(prog,deg)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution
deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TINV(A4,2)
TINV(0.68,4)gives the result 0.444006
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
TDIST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 527
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TODAY
ThisfunctionreturnsaserialnumberrepresentingthecurrentdateinExcel.Theresultsareupdatedassoonastheworksheetisopenedorrefreshed.
Syntax
TODAY()
Arguments
Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.
Remarks
Ifyouusethisfunctioninadate-timecell(DateTimeCellType),thecellformatsthevalueusingthedateformatsettings.
Thisfunctionisupdatedonlywhenthespreadsheetorcellcontainingthefunctionisrecalculated.Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.
DataTypes
Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsanumericvalue(aserialnumber)thatrepresentsthecurrentdateinExcel.
Examples
If today is the 13th of February in the year 2019, then
TODAY() gives the result 43509.
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.Thisfunctionisavolatilefunctioninversion2.5orlater.
Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TODAY function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.
SeeAlso
DATE|DAY|NOW|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 528
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TRANSPOSE
Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalrangeofcellsasahorizontalrangeorahorizontalrangeofcellsasaverticalrange.
Syntax
TRANSPOSE(array)
Arguments
Thearrayargumentisarangeofcellsoranarraythatyouwanttoswitch.
Remarks
Thisfunctionusesthefirstrowofthearrayasthefirstcolumnofthenewarrayandsoon.
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
TRANSPOSE(A2:A5)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HLOOKUP|INDEX|LOOKUP|VLOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 529
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TREND
Thisfunctionreturnsvaluesalongalineartrend.Thisfunctionfitsastraightlinetothearraysknownxandyvalues.Trendreturnstheyvaluesalongthatlineforthearrayofspecifiednewxvalues.
Syntax
TREND(y,x,newx,constant)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=mx+b
x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=mx+b
newx Newxvaluesforwhichthisfunctionsreturnsthecorrespondingyvalues
constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0
Remarks
Ifconstantistrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally.Ifconstantisfalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=mx.
Ifxisomittedthenxdefaultstothearray{1,2,3...},thathasthesamedimensionsasy.
Ifnewxisomittedthenitdefaultstox.
UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.
DataTypes
Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.
Examples
TREND(A2:A7,C2:C7,A9:A10)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVEDEV|AVERAGEA|FREQUENCY|DEVSQ|GROWTH|INDEX|MEDIAN|VAR|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 530
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TRIM
Thisfunctionremovesextraspacesfromastringandleavessinglespacesbetweenwords.
Syntax
TRIM(text)
Arguments
Theargumentspecifiesthestringcontainingthespacesyouwanttoremove.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
TRIM("" First Quarter"") gives the result First Quarter
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CLEAN|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 531
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TRIMMEAN
Thisfunctionreturnsthemeanofasubsetofdataexcludingthetopandbottomdata.
Syntax
TRIMMEAN(array,percent)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluestotrimandfindthemean
percent Fractionalamountofdatainarraytotrim(toexcludefromcalculation)
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TRIMMEAN(A1:A17,0.25)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
GEOMEAN|HARMEAN|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 532
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TRUE
ThisfunctionreturnsthevalueforlogicalTRUE.
Syntax
TRUE()
Arguments
Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.
DataTypes
Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumeric(boolean)data.
Example
TRUE()givestheresult1(TRUE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FALSE|IF|LogicalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 533
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TRUNC
Thisfunctionremovesthespecifiedfractionalpartofthespecifiednumber.
Syntax
TRUNC(value,precision)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertotruncate
precision Integerrepresentingtheprecision;ifgreaterthanzero,truncatestothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces;ifzero(ornotspecified),truncatetothenearestwholenumber;iflessthanzero,roundsthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestorderoftens
Remarks
TheTRUNCandINTfunctionsaresimilarinthatbothcanreturnintegers.UsetheTRUNCfunctiontoremovethedecimalportionofthenumber;theTRUNCfunctiondoesnotroundupordown.UsetheINTfunctiontoroundnumbersdowntothenearestintegerbaseddecimalportionofthenumber.
Thesefunctionsdifferalsowhenusingnegativenumbers:TRUNC(–4.2,0)returns–4,butINT(–4.2)returns–5because–5isthelowernumber.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TRUNC(B16)
TRUNC(R16C2)
TRUNC(5.745) gives the result 5
TRUNC(-5.745) gives the result -5
TRUNC(5.745,2) gives the result 5.74
TRUNC(PI()) gives the result 3
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|INT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 534
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TTEST
Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityassociatedwithat-test.
Syntax
TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray1 Arrayofvaluesinfirstdataset
array2 Arrayofvaluesinseconddataset
tails Numberoftails
type Typeoft-testtoperform(1,2,or3)
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TTEST(A1:A17,B1:B17,4,3)
TTEST({2,2,2,3,4},{2,3,3,4,5},1,2)gives the result 0.126036
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FTEST|TDIST|TINV|ZTEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 535
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
TYPE
Thisfunctionreturnsthetypeofvalue.
Syntax
TYPE(value)
Arguments
Theargumentisanyvalueassummarizedhere:
TypeofValue ReturnedNumberNumber 1
DateTimeobject 1
TimeSpanobject 1
Text 2
Logicalvalue 4
Errorvalue 16
Array 64
DataTypes
Acceptsmanytypesofdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
TYPE(G15)
TYPE(R15C7)
TYPE(154) gives the result 1
TYPE("String") gives the result 2
TYPE(TRUE) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ERRORTYPE|ISERROR|ISLOGICAL|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 536
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
UNICHAR
ThisfunctionreturnstheUnicodecharacterspecifiedbyanumber.
Syntax
UNICHAR(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,specifytheUnicodenumberrepresentingacharacter.
Remarks
TheresultantUnicodecharactercanbeastringinUTF-8orUTF-16code.
If0ispassedintheargumentorthepassednumeralsareoutofrange,thisfunctionreturnsanerror.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
UNICHAR(86)givestheresultV.
UNICHAR(79)givestheresultO.
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 537
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
UNICODE
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumber(code)correspondingtofirstcharacterofspecifiedtext.
Syntax
UNICODE(value)
Arguments
Fortheargument,specifyatextvaluetoobtaintheUnicodevalue.
Remarks
Ifthepassedargumentscontainaninvaliddatatype,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
UNICODE("D")givestheresult68
UNICODE("tor")givestheresult116
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 538
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
UNIQUE
Thisfunctionreturnsalistofalltheuniquevaluesinacellrange.
Syntax
UNIQUE(array,[by_col],[occurs_once])
Arguments
UNIQUEfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarrayfromwhichyouwanttoreturnuniquevalues.
by_col [optional]Specifiesthelogicalvaluethatindicateshowtocompare.IfthisargumentisTRUE,itrefersto"bycolumn"andifFALSE,itreferstothe"byrow".
occurs_once [optional]Specifiesalogicalvalue.IfthisargumentisTRUE,itwillreturnuniquevaluesthatoccuronlyonce.IncasethevalueisFALSE,alltheuniquevalueswillbeincludedintheresult.
DataTypes
Acceptsarangeorarray.Returnsalistofuniquevalues.
Examples
Forinstance-ThecellC4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=UNIQUE(A4:A15)"andreturnsonlytheuniquecustomernamesfromthevaluesincellrangeA4toA15.Basedonthenumberofuniquevalues,thedynamicarrayformulaspillstothecellrangeC5toC8automatically.
VersionAvailable
Spread Formula Reference 539
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms12.1orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 540
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
UPPER
Thisfunctionconvertstexttouppercaseletters.
Syntax
UPPER(string)
Arguments
Theargumentisthetextyouwanttoconverttouppercase.Theargumentmaybeastring,areferencetoacellcontainingastring,oraformulathatreturnsastring.
Remarks
Thisfunctiondoesnotchangecharactersinvaluethatarenotletters.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
UPPER(G15)
UPPER(R15C7)
UPPER("Report") gives the result REPORT
UPPER(""summary"") gives the result "SUMMARY"
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
PROPER|LOWER|T|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 541
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
USDOLLAR
Thisfunctionconvertsanumbertotextusingcurrencyformat,withthedecimalsroundedtothespecifiedplace.
Syntax
DOLLAR(number,digits)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionnumber Referstothenumericvaluetoconverttotextusingthecurrencyformat
digits [Optional]Referstothenumberofdecimalplacestomaintain;ifnegative,thevalueisroundedtotheleftofthedecimalpoint;ifomitted,thesystemlocalesettingisusedtodeterminethenumberofdecimalplaces
Remarks
ThisfunctionalwaysshowsU.S.currency.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
USDOLLAR(A5,B2)
USDOLLAR(R1B2,R3D4)
Version Available
This function is available in Spread for Windows Forms 11.0 or later.
Spread Formula Reference 542
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VALUE
Thisfunctionconvertsatextstringthatisanumbertoanumericvalue.
Syntax
VALUE(text)
Arguments
This function has these arguments:
Argument Descriptiontext Numberinquotationmarksorareferencetoacellwiththetext.
Remarks
Thetextcanbeinnumber,date,ortimeformat.Ifthetextisnotinthecorrectformat,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VALUE("$9,000")gives the result 9000
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion3.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DOLLAR|DOLLARFR|FIXED|TextFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 543
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VAR
Thisfunctionreturnsthevariancebasedonasampleofapopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.
Syntax
VAR(value1,value2,...)
VAR(array)
VAR(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,wherenisthenumberofvalues.
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARPfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARA,whichacceptstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VAR(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)
VAR(A1:A9)
VAR(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)
VAR(R1C1:R9C1)
VAR(R1C1:R1C9)
VAR(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 45.8095238095
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 544
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGE|COVAR|VARP|VARA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 545
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VAR.P
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.
Syntax
VAR.P(value1,value2,...)
VAR.P(array)
VAR.P(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.
Logicalvaluesandtextrepresentationsofnumbersthataretypedintothelistofargumentsarecounted.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,errorvalues,logicalvalues,ortextinthearrayorreferenceareignored.
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,
wherexisthesamplemeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,…)andnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVAR.Sfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VAR.P(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)
VAR.P(A1:A9)
VAR.P(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)
VAR.P(98,85,76,87,92,89,90)givestheresult39.26530612
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 546
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VAR.S
Summary
Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedonasample,whichusesonlynumericvalues.
Syntax
VAR.S(value1,value2,...)
VAR.S(array)
VAR.S(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.
Logicalvaluesandtextrepresentationsofnumbersthataretypedintothelistofargumentsarecounted.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,errorvalues,logicalvalues,ortextinthearrayorreferenceareignored.
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,
wherexisthesamplemeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,…)andnisthenumberofvalues.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VAR.S(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)
VAR.S(A1:A9)
VAR.S(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)
VAR.S(98,85,76,87,92,89,90)givestheresult45.80952381
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 547
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VARA
Thisfunctionreturnsthevariancebasedonasampleofapopulation,whichincludesnumeric,logical,ortextvalues.
Syntax
VARA(value1,value2,...)
VARA(array)
VARA(array1,array2,...)
Remarks
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,wherenisthenumberofvalues.
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARPAfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARbecauseitacceptstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,logical,andtextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VARA(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)
VARA(A1:A9)
VARA(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)
VARA(R1C1:R9C1)
VARA(R1C1:R1C9)
VARA(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 45.8095238095
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 548
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGEA|VAR|VARP|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 549
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VARP
Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.
Syntax
VARP(value1,value2,...)
VARP(array)
VARP(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,wherenisthenumberofvalues.
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VARP(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)
VARP(A1:A9) VARP(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)
VARP(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 39.2653061224
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
AVERAGE|VAR|VARPA|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 550
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VARPA
Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichincludesnumeric,logical,ortextvalues.
Syntax
VARPA(value1,value2,...)
VARPA(array)
VARPA(array1,array2,...)
Arguments
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Remarks
Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.
Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.
Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,wherenisthenumberofvalues.
wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.
Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARAfunction.
ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPbecauseitacceptslogicalandtextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,logical,andtextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VARPA(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)
VARPA(A1:A9) VARPA(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)
VARPA(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 39.2653061224
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
Spread Formula Reference 551
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
AVERAGEA|VARA|VARP|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 552
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VDB
Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationofanassetforanyperiodyouspecifyusingthevariabledecliningbalancemethod.
Syntax
VDB(cost,salvage,life,start,end,factor,switchnot)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset
salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciationperiod
life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated
start Numberrepresentingthestartingperiodforwhichtocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsaslife;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
end Numberrepresentingtheendingperiodforwhichtocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsaslife;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
factor [Optional]Rateatwhichthebalancedeclines;ifomitted,usestwo(2)
switchnot [Optional]Logicalvaluespecifyingwhethertoswitchtostraight-linedepreciationwhendepreciationisgreaterthanthedecliningbalancecalculation;ifomittedusesFALSE
Remarks
Iffactorisomitted,thecalculationusestwo,whichrepresentsthedouble‑decliningbalancemethod.Forothermethods,useadifferentvalue.Formoreinformationaboutthedouble‑decliningbalancemethod,seeDDB.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VDBD(B1,1000,10,1,8)
VDB(50000,500,1200,100,1000,1) gives the result $37,122.94
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DB|DDB|SLN|SYD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 553
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
VLOOKUP
Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueintheleftmostcolumnandreturnsavalueinthesamerowfromacolumnyouspecify.
Syntax
VLOOKUP(value,array,colindex,approx)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalue Valueforwhichtosearch
array Arrayorcellrangethatcontainsthedatatosearch
colindex Columnnumberinthearrayfromwhichthematchingvalueisreturned
approx [Optional]Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertofindanapproximatematch;ifomitted,usesTRUEandfindsanapproximatematch
Remarks
IfapproxisFALSE,itfindsanexactmatch,notanapproximatematch.Ifitcannotfindone,itreturnsan#N/Aerrorvalue.
IfapproxisTRUEoromitted,andthevaluecannotbefound,thenthelargestvaluethatislessthanthevalueisused.
ThisfunctionissimilartoHLOOKUPexceptthatitsearchesvertically(bycolumn),insteadofbyrow(horizontally).
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
VLOOKUP(2,A1:D10,3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 554
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WEBSERVICE
ThisfunctionreturnsdatafromawebserviceontheInternetorIntranet.
Syntax
WEBSERVICE(url)
Arguments
Fortheargument,thewebserviceURL.
Remarks
The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftheargumentcannotreturndataortheURLcontainsmorethan2048characters.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftheargumentstringisnotvalidorcontainsmorethan32767characters.The#VALUE!errorvalueisalsoreturnedifthestringcontainsunsupportedprotocols.
DataTypes
Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.
Examples
WEBSERVICE(A3)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 555
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WEEKDAY
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumbercorrespondingtothedayoftheweekforaspecifieddate.
Syntax
WEEKDAY(date,type)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Description date Dateforwhichyouwanttodeterminethedayoftheweekprovided
type [Optional]Numberthatrepresentsthenumberingschemeforthereturnedweekdayvalue;canbeanyof:
Value Numberreturned
1oromitted Numbers1(Sunday)through7(Saturday)
2 Numbers1(Monday)through7(Sunday)
3 Numbers0(Monday)through6(Sunday)
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.
Remarks
Thereturneddayoftheweekisgivenasaninteger,rangingfrom0to6or1to7,dependingonthesettingofthetypeargument.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
WEEKDAY(A2)
WEEKDAY(R2C1)
WEEKDAY(36828) gives the result 1 equivalent to Sunday
WEEKDAY(46,2) gives the result 3
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DATE|DAY|MONTH|WEEKNUM|WORKDAY|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 556
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WEEKNUM
Thisfunctionreturnsanumberthatindicatestheweekoftheyearnumerically.
Syntax
WEEKNUM(date,weektype)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Description date Dateforwhichyouwanttodeterminethenumberofweek
weektype Typeofweekdeterminedbyonwhichdaytheweekstarts
Value Numberreturned
1(assumedifomitted) WeekstartsonaSunday
2 WeekstartsonaMonday
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
WEEKNUM(A2)
WEEKNUM(R2C1,2)
WEEKNUM(23,1) gives the result 4
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
MONTH|WEEKDAY|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 557
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WEIBULL
Thisfunctionreturnsthetwo-parameterWeibulldistribution,oftenusedinreliabilityanalysis.
Syntax
WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution
alpha Scaleparameterofthedistribution,representedbyalpha
beta Shapeparameterofthedistribution,representedbybeta
cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative,whichislogical(boolean).Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
WEIBULL(3,D4,D5,FALSE)
WEIBULL(50,10,20,TRUE)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
BINOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 558
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WEIBULL.DIST
Thisfunctionreturnsthetwo-parameterWeibulldistribution,oftenusedinreliabilityanalysis.
Syntax
WEIBULL.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution
alpha Scaleparameterofthedistribution,representedbyalpha
beta Shapeparameterofthedistribution,representedbybeta
cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative,whichislogical(boolean).Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
WEIBULL.DIST(3,D4,D5,FALSE)
WEIBULL.DIST(50,10,20,TRUE)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
WEIBULL
Spread Formula Reference 559
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WORKDAY
Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofworkingdaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate.
Syntax
WORKDAY(startdate,numdays,holidays)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Datethatisthestartingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)
numdays Numberofnon-weekendornon-holidaydaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate;daysinthefuturearepositiveanddaysinthepastarenegative;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation;ifomitted,thecalculationassumesnoholidaysandallweekdaysareworkdays
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
WORKDAY(A2,A4)
WORKDAY(R2C1,R5C5)
WORKDAY(A1,A2,A5:A7)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DATE|NETWORKDAYS|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 560
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
WORKDAY.INTL
Thisfunctionreturnstheserialnumberofthedatebeforeorafteraspecifiednumberofworkdayswithcustomweekendparameters.
Syntax
WORKDAY.INTL(startdate,numdays,weekend,holidays)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Datethatisthestartingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)
numdays Numberofworkdaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate;daysinthefuturearepositiveanddaysinthepastarenegative;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated
weekend [Optional]Anumberorstringthatspecifieswhenweekendsoccur.Weekenddaysaredaysoftheweekthatarenotcountedasworkingdays
holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation;ifomitted,thecalculationassumesnoholidaysandallweekdaysareworkdays
Thefollowingtableliststheweekendnumbervalues:
Number Day1oromitted Saturday,Sunday
2 Sunday,Monday
3 Monday,Tuesday
4 Tuesday,Wednesday
5 Wednesday,Thursday
6 Thursday,Friday
7 Friday,Saturday
11 Sundayonly
12 Mondayonly
13 Tuesdayonly
14 Wednesdayonly
15 Thursdayonly
16 Fridayonly
17 Saturdayonly
Remarks
Weekendstringvaluesaresevencharacterslongandeachcharacterinthestringrepresentsadayoftheweek,startingwithMonday.Anon-workdayis1andaworkdayis0.Onlycharacters1and0areallowedinthestring.Thestring1111111alwaysreturns0.
Spread Formula Reference 561
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Weekenddaysandholidaysarenotconsideredtobeworkdays.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
WORKDAY.INTL(A2,A4)
WORKDAY.INTL(R2C1,R5C5)
WORKDAY.INTL(A1,A2,A5:A7)
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
WORKDAY
Spread Formula Reference 562
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
XIRR
Thisfunctioncalculatestheinternalrateofreturnforascheduleofcashflowsthatmaynotbeperiodic.
Syntax
XIRR(values,dates,guess)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionvalues Seriesofcashflowsthatcorrespondtoascheduleofpaymentsindates.Thefirstpaymentisoptional
andcorrespondstoacostorpaymentthatoccursatthebeginningoftheinvestment
dates Scheduleofpaymentdatesthatcorrespondstothecashflowpaymentsinvalues
guess [Optional]Estimateoftheinternalrateofreturnthatyouguessisclosetotheresultofthisfunction;ifomitted,thecalculationuses0.1(10percent)
Remarks
Forascheduleofcashflowsthatisperiodic,useIRR.Numbersindatesaretruncatedtointegers.Bothapositiveandnegativecashflowarerequiredtopreventa#NUM!error.A#VALUE!errorisreturnedifdatesisinvalid.Ifanumberindatesprecedesthestartingdate,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifvaluesanddatescontainadifferentnumberofvalues,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthefunctioncannotfindaresultthatworksafter100tries,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforvaluesandguess,DateTimeobjectdatafordates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
XIRR(B2:B6,C2:C6,0.2)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IRR|XNPV|MIRR|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 563
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
XLOOKUP
XLOOKUPperformslookupsinverticalandhorizontalcellrangesandprovidessupportforapproximatematching,partialmatching(usingwidcardcharacterslike*,?etc.)andexactmatching.Bydefault,theXLOOKUPfunctionreturnstheexactmatchedresults.
TheXLOOKUPfunctioniscomparativelymoreflexibleandpowerfulthantherestofthelookupfunctions(likeVLOOKUP,HLOOKUPandLOOKUPetc.).SomemorebenefitsofusingXLOOKUPfunctioninsteadofotherlookupfunctionsarelistedbelow:
UserscanusetheXLOOKUPfunctiontolookupdatatotherightorleftofthelookupvalues.UserscanusetheXLOOKUPfunctiontoretrievedatafromatable.UserscanreturnresultsfrommorethanonecolumnbyusingtheXLOOKUPfunction.TheXLOOKUPfunctioncanworkwithbothverticalandhorizontaldata.TheXLOOKUPfunctioncanalsobeusedforsearchingdatastartingfromthefirstvalueorthelastvalue(reverselookup).TheXLOOKUPfunctionreturnsarangeinsteadofjustavalueandcanworkwithgenericarraysaswell.
For instance - By using the XLOOKUP function, users can determine the price of a product by its product ID, find a matching tax rate in a column, search an employee name based on their employee ID and perform many other search operations while working with spreadsheets.
Syntax
XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [match_mode], [search_mode])
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionlookup_value Referstothelookupvalue.
lookup_array Referstothelookuparrayorcellrangethatyouwanttosearch.
return_array Referstothearrayorcellrangethatyouwanttoreturn.
[match_mode] [Optional]Specifiesthetypeofthematchasperthefollowingvalues:
0-Referstoexactmatch.Ifnomatchesarefound,then#N/Aerrorisreturned.Thisisthedefaultmatchmode.
-1-Referstoexactmatch.Ifnomatchesarefound,thenthenextsmalleritemisreturned.
1-Referstoexactmatch.Ifnomatchesarefound,thenthenextlargeritemisreturned.
2-Referstoawildcardmatchwhere*,?and~characterspossessspecialmeaningstoindicatepartialmatch.
[search_mode] [Optional]Specifiesthemodeofthesearchasperthefollowingvalues:
0-Referstothe"searchall"modewhereallthematchedvalueswillbereturned.[ThismodeisnotavailableinExcel.]
1-Referstoasearchthatstartsatthefirstitem.Thisisthedefaultsearchmode.
-1-Referstoareversesearchthatstartsatthelastitem.
2-Referstoabinarysearchthatdependsuponthelookup_arrayargumentbeingsortedintheascendingorder.
-2-Referstoabinarysearchthatdependsuponthelookup_arrayargumentbeingsortedinthedescendingorder.
Remarks
ThefollowingpointsmustbekeptinmindwhileworkingwiththeXLOOKUPfunctioninthespreadsheets:
TheXLOOKUPfunctionreturns#N/Aerrorifthelookupvalueisnotfound.Thedimensionsofthelookup_arrayargumentmustbecompatiblewiththereturn_arrayargumentforavalidresult,elsetheXLOOKUPfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.IftheXLOOKUPfunctionisusedbetweendifferentworkbooks,thenboththeworkbooksmustbeopenedotherwisetheXLOOKUPfunctionwillreturnthe#REF!error.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Looksupvaluesinarangeortable.Returnsanarraywithmultipleitems.
Examples
XLOOKUP(F2,B2:B11,D2:D11)
XLOOKUP(E2,C2:C7,B2:B7,1,1)
XLOOKUP(B2,B5:B14,C5:D14)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion13.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 564
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
XMATCH
XMATCHfunctionsearchesforaspecificiteminanarrayorarangeofcellsandthenreturnstherelativepositionoftheitem.Inotherwords,thisfunctioncanbeusedtofindthepositionofaniteminalist.
XMATCHfunctionprovidessupportforapproximatematching,partialmatching(usingwidcardcharacterslike*,?etc.)andexactmatching.
Syntax
XMATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_mode], [search_mode])
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:
Argument Descriptionlookup_value Referstothelookupvalue.
lookup_array Referstothelookuparrayorcellrangethatyouwanttosearch.
[match_mode] [Optional]Specifiesthetypeofthematchasperthefollowingvalues:
0-Referstoexactmatch.Ifnomatchesarefound,then#N/Aerrorisreturned.Thisisthedefaultmatchmode.
-1-Referstoexactmatch.Ifnomatchesarefound,thenthenextsmalleritemisreturned.
1-Referstoexactmatch.Ifnomatchesarefound,thenthenextlargeritemisreturned.
2-Referstoawildcardmatchwhere*,?and~characterspossessspecialmeaningstoindicatepartialmatch.
[search_mode] [Optional]Specifiesthemodeofthesearchasperthefollowingvalues:
0-Referstothe"searchall"modewhereallthematchedvalueswillbereturned.[ThismodeisnotavailableinExcel.]
1-Referstoasearchthatstartsatthefirstitem.Thisisthedefaultsearchmode.
-1-Referstoareversesearchthatstartsatthelastitem.
2-Referstoabinarysearchthatdependsuponthelookup_arrayargumentbeingsortedintheascendingorder.
-2-Referstoabinarysearchthatdependsuponthelookup_arrayargumentbeingsortedinthedescendingorder.
Remarks
TheXMATCHfunctioncanworkwithbothverticalandhorizontalarrays.Thisfunctionsreturns#N/Aerrorifthelookupvalueisnotfound.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdata.Looksupvaluesinarangeortable.Returnsanarraywithmultipleitems.
Examples
Spread Formula Reference 565
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
=XMATCH(E3,C3:C7,1)
=XMATCH(F2,C3:C9,1)
=(INDEX(C6:C14,XMATCH(G5,B6:B14))
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion13.0orlater.
SeeAlso
HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 566
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
XNPV
Thisfunctioncalculatesthenetpresentvalueforascheduleofcashflowsthatmaynotbeperiodic.
Syntax
XNPV(rate,values,dates)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionrate Discountratetoapplytothecashflows
values Seriesofcashflowsthatcorrespondtoascheduleofpaymentsindates.Thefirstpaymentisoptionalandcorrespondstoacostorpaymentthatoccursatthebeginningoftheinvestment
dates Scheduleofpaymentdatesthatcorrespondstothecashflowpaymentsinvalues
Remarks
Numbersindatesaretruncatedtointegers.A#VALUE!errorisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumericorifanydateisinvalid.Ifanumberindatesprecedesthestartingdate,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifvaluesanddateshaveadifferentnumberofvalues,a#NUM!errorisreturned.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforrateandvalues,andDateTimeobjectdatafordates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
XNPV(0.09,B2:B6,C2:C6)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
IRR|NPV|MIRR|XIRR|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 567
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
XOR
ThisfunctionreturnslogicalexclusiveORofspecifiednumbers.
Syntax
XOR(value1,value2,..)
Arguments
Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,providenumeric(0or1)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)upto255arguments.
Remarks
ThisfunctionreturnsTRUE(or1)whennumberoftrueinputsisodd;otherwise,returnsFALSE(or0)whennumberoftrueinputsiseven.
DataTypes
Acceptslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE)ornumericalvalues(0or1).Returnslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE).
Examples
XOR(3>0,2<9)givestheresultTRUE
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
Spread Formula Reference 568
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
YEAR
Thisfunctionreturnstheyearasanintegerforaspecifieddate.
Syntax
YEAR(date)
Arguments
Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.
Remarks
TheSpreadcontrolcorrectlytreatstheyear1900asanon-leapyearandusesabasedateof12/31/1899.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
YEAR(A2)
YEAR(R2C1)
YEAR(0.007) gives the result (which may be different from Excel) 1899
YEAR(DATE(2004,8,9)) gives the result 2004
YEAR(38208) gives the result 2004
YEAR("8/9/2004") gives the result 2004
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DATE|MONTH|TODAY|YEARFRAC|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 569
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
YEARFRAC
Thisfunctionreturnsthefractionoftheyearrepresentedbythenumberofwholedaysbetweenthestartandenddates.
Syntax
YEARFRAC(startdate,enddate,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate(DateTimeobject)
enddate Endingdate(DateTimeobject)
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenstart,end,orbasisisinvalid.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobjectdataforthedateargumentsandnumericdatafortheoptionalargument.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
YEARFRAC(A1,A2,A3)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
DATE|MONTH|TODAY|YEAR|DateandTimeFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 570
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
YIELD
Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldonasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.
Syntax
YIELD(settle,maturity,rate,price,redeem,frequency,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
rate Annualcouponrate
price Priceper$100facevalueforthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalue
frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.A#NUM!errorisreturnediffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Ifrateislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifpriceorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataanddates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
YIELD(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
YIELDDISC|YIELDMAT|ODDFYIELD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 571
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
YIELDDISC
Thisfunctioncalculatestheannualyieldforadiscountedsecurity.
Syntax
YIELDDISC(settle,maturity,price,redeem,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
price Priceper$100facevalueforthesecurity
redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalue
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.Ifpriceorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataanddates.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
YIEDDISC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
YIELD|YIELDMAT|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 572
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
YIELDMAT
Thisfunctioncalculatestheannualyieldofasecuritythatpaysinterestatmaturity.
Syntax
YIELDMAT(settle,maturity,issue,issrate,price,basis)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity
maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity
issue Issuedateforthesecurity
issrate Interestrateforthesecurityatthedateofissue
price Priceper$100facevalueforthesecurity
basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)
Remarks
Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orissueisinvalid.Ifissrateislessthan0orpriceislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,issue,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericanddatedata.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
YIELDMAT(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6)
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion2.0orlater.
SeeAlso
YIELD|YIELDDISC|PRICEMAT|FinancialFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 573
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
Z.TEST
Thisfunctionreturnsthesignificancevalueofaz-test.Thez-testgeneratesastandardscoreforxwithrespecttothesetofdataandreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.
Syntax
Z.TEST(array,x,sigma)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatatotest
x Valueatwhichtotest
sigma [Optional]Knownstandarddeviationforthepopulation;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthesamplestandarddeviation
Remarks
Ifsigmaisnotspecified,thecalculatedstandarddeviationofthedatainarrayisused.
Theequationforcalculatingthez-testisasfollows,wherenisthenumberofdatapoints.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
Z.TEST(A2:D12,40,0.877)
Z.TEST(R2C1:R12C4,2)
Z.TEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10)givestheresult0.355512703503418
Z.TEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10,3)givestheresult0.31867594409823696
VersionAvailable
ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.
SeeAlso
ZTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 574
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ZTEST
Thisfunctionreturnsthesignificancevalueofaz-test.Thez-testgeneratesastandardscoreforxwithrespecttothesetofdataandreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.
Syntax
ZTEST(array,x,sigma)
Arguments
Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:
Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatatotest
x Valueatwhichtotest
sigma [Optional]Knownstandarddeviationforthepopulation;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthesamplestandarddeviation
Remarks
Ifsigmaisnotspecified,thecalculatedstandarddeviationofthedatainarrayisused.
Theequationforcalculatingthez-testisasfollows,wherenisthenumberofdatapoints.
DataTypes
Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.
Examples
ZTEST(A2:D12,40,0.877)
ZTEST(R2C1:R12C4,2)
ZTEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10) gives the result 0.355512703503418
ZTEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10,3) gives the result 0.318675944098237
VersionAvailable
Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.
SeeAlso
FTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions
Spread Formula Reference 575
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
2 Index
A1(Letter-Number)Notation,26
ABS,66
ACCRINT,67
ACCRINTM,68
ACOS,69
ACOSH,70
ACOT,71
ACOTH,72
addingvalues,501
ADDRESS,73
AGGREGATE,74-75
AMORDEGRC,76-77
AMORLINC,78
AND,79
ARABIC,80
AREAS,81
arguments,51
ArrayFormulas,54
ArraysinaFormula,55
ASC,82
ASIN,83
ASINH,84
ATAN,85
ATAN2,86
ATANH,87
AVEDEV,88
AVERAGE,89
AVERAGEA,90
AVERAGEIF,91
AVERAGEIFfunction,91
AVERAGEIFS,92
AVERAGEIFSfunction,92
BAHTTEXT,93
BASE,94
BESSELI,95
BESSELJ,96
BESSELK,97
BESSELY,98
BETA.DIST,99
BETA.INV,100
BETADIST,101
Spread Formula Reference 576
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
BETAINV,102
BIN2DEC,103
BIN2HEX,104
BIN2OCT,105
BINOM.DIST,106-107
BINOM.DIST.RANGE,108
BINOM.INV,109
BINOMDIST,110-111
BITAND,112
BITLSHIFT,113
BITOR,114
BITRSHIFT,115
BITXOR,116
CALL,117
CategoriesofFunctions,36
CEILING,118
CEILING.MATH,119
CEILING.PRECISE,120
CELL,121-122
CellReferencesinaFormula,25
CHAR,123
CHIDIST,124
CHIINV,125
CHISQ.DIST,126
CHISQ.DIST.RT,127
CHISQ.INV,128
CHISQ.INV.RT,129
CHISQ.TEST,130
CHITEST,131
CHOOSE,132
CLEAN,133
CODE,134
COLUMN,135
COLUMNS,136
COMBIN,137
COMBINA,138
COMPLEX,139
ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions,40
CONCAT,140
CONCATENATE,141
CONFIDENCE,142
CONFIDENCE.NORM,143
CONFIDENCE.T,144
Spread Formula Reference 577
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
ContactingUs,20
CONVERT,145-147
CORREL,148
COS,149
COSH,150
COT,151
COTH,152
COUNT,153
COUNTA,154
COUNTBLANK,155
COUNTIF,156
COUNTIFS,157
COUNTIFSfunction,157
COUPDAYBS,158
COUPDAYS,159
COUPDAYSNC,160
COUPNCD,161
COUPNUM,162
COUPPCD,163
COVAR,164
COVARIANCE.P,165
COVARIANCE.S,166
CRITBINOM,167
CSC,168
CSCH,169
CustomFunctions,58
CustomFunctionsinFormulas,58
CustomNamesinFormulas,59
DataTypesUsingFormulas,57
database,37
DatabaseFunctions,37
date,38,171
DateandTimeFunctions,38
DATEDIF,172
DATEVALUE,173
DAVERAGE,174
DAY,175
DayCountBasis,42
DAYS,176
DAYS360,177-178
DB,179-180
DBCS,181
DCOUNT,182
Spread Formula Reference 578
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
DCOUNTA,183
DDB,184
DEC2BIN,185
DEC2HEX,186
DEC2OCT,187
DECIMAL,188
DEGREES,189
DELTA,190
DEVSQ,191
DGET,192
DISC,193
DMAX,194
DMIN,195
DOLLAR,196
DOLLARDE,197
DOLLARFR,198
DPRODUCT,199
DSTDEV,200
DSTDEVP,201
DSUM,202
DURATION,203
DVAR,204
DVARP,205
DynamicArrayFormulas,56
EDATE,206
EFFECT,207
ENCODEURL,208
engineering,39
EngineeringFunctions,39
EOMONTH,209
ERF,210-211
ERF.PRECISE,212
ERFC,213
ERFC.PRECISE,214
ERROR.TYPE,215
ERRORTYPE,216
EUROCONVERT,217-218
EVEN,219
EXACT,220
EXP,221
EXPON.DIST,222-223
EXPONDIST,224-225
F.DIST,226
Spread Formula Reference 579
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
F.DIST.RT,227
F.INV,228
F.INV.RT,229
F.TEST,230
FACT,231
FACTDOUBLE,232
FALSE,233
FDIST,234
FILTER,235-236
FILTERXML,237
financial,41
FinancialFunctions,41
FIND,238
FINDB,239
FINV,240
FISHER,241
FISHERINV,242
FIXED,243
FLOOR,244
FLOOR.MATH,245
FLOOR.PRECISE,246
FORECAST,247
FORECAST.LINEAR,248
FormulaFunctions,61-64
FormulaOverview,22
FormulaReference,1
formulas
array,54
FORMULATEXT,249
FREQUENCY,250
FTEST,251
FunctionsAtoC,65
FunctionsDtoG,170
FunctionsHtoL,266
FunctionsinaFormula,35
FunctionsMtoQ,349
FunctionsRtoS,437
FunctionsTtoZ,509
FV,252
FVSCHEDULE,253
GAMMA,254
GAMMA.DIST,255
GAMMA.INV,256
Spread Formula Reference 580
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
GAMMADIST,257
GAMMAINV,258
GAMMALN,259
GAMMALN.PRECISE,260
GAUSS,261
GCD,262
GEOMEAN,263
GESTEP,264
GettingTechnicalSupport,21
GROWTH,265
HARMEAN,267
HEX2BIN,268
HEX2DEC,269
HEX2OCT,270
HLOOKUP,271
HOUR,272
HYPERLINK,273
HYPGEOM.DIST,274
HYPGEOMDIST,275
IF,276
IFERROR,277
IFERRORfunction,277
IFNA,278
IFS,279
IMABS,280
IMAGINARY,281
IMARGUMENT,282
IMCONJUGATE,283
IMCOS,284
IMCOSH,285
IMCOT,286
IMCSC,287
IMCSCH,288
IMDIV,289
IMEXP,290
IMLN,291
IMLOG10,292
IMLOG2,293
IMPOWER,294
IMPRODUCT,295
IMREAL,296
IMSEC,297
IMSECH,298
Spread Formula Reference 581
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
IMSIN,299
IMSINH,300
IMSQRT,301
IMSUB,302
IMSUM,303
IMTAN,304
INDEX,305
INDIRECT,306
INFO,307
information,43
InformationFunctions,43
INT,308
INTERCEPT,309
INTRATE,310
IPMT,311
IRR,312-313
ISBLANK,314
ISERR,315
ISERROR,316
ISEVEN,317
ISFORMULA,318
ISLOGICAL,319
ISNA,320
ISNONTEXT,321
ISNUMBER,322
ISO.CEILING,323
ISODD,324
ISOWEEKNUM,325
ISPMT,326
ISREF,327
ISTEXT,328
JIS,329
KURT,330
LARGE,331
LCM,332
LEFT,333
LEFTB,334
LEN,335
LENB,336
LINEST,337
LN,338
LOG,339
LOG10,340
Spread Formula Reference 582
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
LOGEST,341
logical,44
LogicalFunctions,44
LOGINV,342
LOGNORM.DIST,343
LOGNORM.INV,344
LOGNORMDIST,345
lookup,45,346-347,350
LookupFunctions,45
LOWER,348
MATCH,350
MATCHfunction,350
math,46
MathandTrigonometryFunctions,46
MAX,351
MAXA,352
MAXIFS,353
MDETERM,354
MDURATION,355
MEDIAN,356
MID,357
MIDB,358
MIN,359
MINA,360
MINIFS,361
MINUTE,362
MINVERSE,363
MIRR,364
MissingArguments,52
MMULT,365
MOD,366
MODE,367
MODE.MULT,368
MODE.SNGL,369
MONTH,370
MROUND,371
MULTINOMIAL,372
MUNIT,373
N,374
NA,375
NEGBINOM.DIST,376
NEGBINOMDIST,377
NETWORKDAYS,378
Spread Formula Reference 583
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
NETWORKDAYS.INTL,379-380
NOMINAL,381
NORM.DIST,382
NORM.INV,383
NORM.S.DIST,384
NORM.S.INV,385
NORMDIST,386
NORMINV,387
NORMSDIST,388
NORMSINV,389
NOT,390
NOW,391
NPER,392
NPV,393-394
NUMBERVALUE,395
OCT2BIN,396
OCT2DEC,397
OCT2HEX,398
ODD,399
ODDFPRICE,400
ODDFYIELD,401
ODDLPRICE,402
ODDLYIELD,403
OFFSET,404
operators,32
OperatorsinaFormula,32
OptionalArguments,51
OR,405
OrderofPrecedence,33
PDURATION,406
PEARSON,407
PERCENTILE,408
PERCENTILE.EXC,409
PERCENTILE.EXE,409
PERCENTILE.INC,410
PERCENTRANK,411
PERCENTRANK.EXC,412
PERCENTRANK.INC,413
PERMUT,414
PERMUTATIONA,415
PHI,416
PHONETIC,417
PI,418
Spread Formula Reference 584
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
PMT,419
POISSON,420-421
POISSON.DIST,422-423
POWER,424
PPMT,425
PRICE,426
PRICEDISC,427
PRICEMAT,428
PROB,429
PRODUCT,430
PROPER,431
PV,432
QUARTILE,433
QUARTILE.EXC,434
QUARTILE.INC,435
QUOTIENT,436
R1C1(Number-Number)Notation,27
RADIANS,438
RAND,439
RANDARRAY,440-441
RANDBETWEEN,442
RANK,443
RANK.AVG,444
RANK.EQ,445
RATE,446
RECEIVED,447
references,29,30-31
RelativeandAbsolute,28
REPLACE,448
REPLACEB,449
REPT,450
ResultantErrorValues,60
RIGHT,451
RIGHTB,452
ROMAN,453
ROUND,454
ROUNDDOWN,455
ROUNDUP,456
ROW,457
ROWS,458
RRI,459
RSQ,460
RTD,461
Spread Formula Reference 585
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SampleFormula,24
ScopeofCellReferences,29
SEARCH,462
SEARCHB,463
SEC,464
SECH,465
SECOND,466
SECONDfunction,466
SEQUENCE,468
SERIESSUM,467
SHEET,469
SheetReferencesinaFormula,30-31
SHEETS,470
SIGN,471
SIN,472
SINGLE,474
SINH,473
SKEW,475
SKEW.P,476
SLN,477
SLOPE,478
SMALL,479
SORT,480-482
SORTBY,483-484
SQRT,485
SQRTPI,486
STANDARDIZE,487
statistical,47-48
StatisticalFunctions,47-48
STDEV,488
STDEV.P,489
STDEV.S,490
STDEVA,491
STDEVP,492
STDEVPA,493
STEYX,494
SUBSTITUE,495
SUBSTITUTE,495
SUBTOTAL,496-497
SUM,498-499
SUMIF,500
SUMIFS,501
SUMIFSfunction,501
Spread Formula Reference 586
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUMPRODUCT,502
SUMSQ,503
SUMX2MY2,504
SUMX2PY2,505
SUMXMY2,506
support,21
SWITCH,507
SYD,508
T,510
T.DIST,511
T.DIST.2T,512
T.DIST.RT,513
T.INV,514
T.INV.2T,515
T.TEST,516
TAN,517
TANH,518
TBILLEQ,519
TBILLPRICE,520
TBILLYIELD,521
TDIST,522
text,49,523
TEXTfunction,523
TextFunctions,49
TEXTJOIN,524
time,38,525
TIMEVALUE,526
TINV,527
TODAY,528
TRANSPOSE,529
TREND,530
trigonometry,46
TRIM,531
TRIMMEAN,532
TRUE,533
TRUNC,534
TTEST,535
TYPE,536
TypesofFunctions,36
UNICHAR,537
UNICODE,538
UNIQUE,539-540
UPPER,541
Spread Formula Reference 587
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.
USDOLLAR,542
UsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes,34
VALUE,543
VAR,544-545
VAR.P,546
VAR.S,547
VARA,548-549
VARP,550
VARPA,551-552
VDB,553
VLOOKUP,554
volatile,53
VolatileFunctions,53
WebFunctions,50
WEBSERVICE,555
WEEKDAY,556
WEEKNUM,557
WEIBULL,558
WEIBULL.DIST,559
WhatisaFormula?,23
WORKDAY,560
WORKDAY.INTL,561-562
XIRR,563
XLOOKUP,564
XMATCH,565-566
XNPV,567
XOR,568
YEAR,569
YEARFRAC,570
YIELD,571
YIELDDISC,572
YIELDMAT,573
Z.TEST,574
ZTEST,575
Spread Formula Reference 588
Copyright © GrapeCity, Inc. All rights reserved.