Post on 29-Jan-2016
Speed DatingSpeed Dating You are to research your randomly assigned You are to research your randomly assigned
psychologist using the guide below (#1)psychologist using the guide below (#1) Bring with you to class:Bring with you to class: 1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the 1. A notecard (or notecard size paper) with the
essential information from your research. essential information from your research. The psychologist’s name, details of their research The psychologist’s name, details of their research
and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. Basically, its a cheat-sheet to ensure you cover all the Basically, its a cheat-sheet to ensure you cover all the relevant information and correctly represent yourself.relevant information and correctly represent yourself.
2. A prop of some kind to represent your research. 2. A prop of some kind to represent your research. For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study For example, Phil Zimbardo who did the prison study
(among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) For Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative.stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative.
Stop & Look & ListenStop & Look & Listen
History and History and ApproachesApproachesWhat do we Know about What do we Know about
Psychology?Psychology?
What is Psychology?What is Psychology?
Complete QuestionnaireComplete Questionnaire
Please select True or False for Each Please select True or False for Each Question (use what you know to the Question (use what you know to the best of your ability) best of your ability)
How did you feel after taking the How did you feel after taking the test? How well do you think you did? test? How well do you think you did? How did you know the information How did you know the information that you did? that you did?
PSEUDOSCIENCEPSEUDOSCIENCE Promises easy fixes to Promises easy fixes to
life’s problems and life’s problems and challengeschallengesLoveLoveUnhappinessUnhappinessGet both halves of your brain Get both halves of your brain
workingworking
Pseudoscience Pseudoscience
NUMEROLOGYNUMEROLOGY
Do You Believe?Do You Believe?
Do you believe in astrology, psychics, Do you believe in astrology, psychics, numerology, graphology?numerology, graphology?
Why or why not? Why or why not?
FORTUNE-TELLING/PSYCHICSFORTUNE-TELLING/PSYCHICS
PSYCHIC FAILSPSYCHIC FAILS
Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated Sylvia Browne – most noted psychic predicated 2005- Saddam Hussein would die before his trial 2005- Saddam Hussein would die before his trial
Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps Wrote of John Ritter- “Having a Virgo sun sign helps keep his career ticking”keep his career ticking”
Published hours after Ritter died of a ruptured AortaPublished hours after Ritter died of a ruptured Aorta
Linda & Terry JamisonLinda & Terry Jamison
"We are seeing terrorist "We are seeing terrorist
attacks on federal attacks on federal
government – excuse me, government – excuse me,
federal buildings. Particularly federal buildings. Particularly
South Carolina or Georgia, by South Carolina or Georgia, by
July 2002. And also the New July 2002. And also the New
York Trade Center – the World York Trade Center – the World
Trade Center in 2002, with Trade Center in 2002, with
something, with a terrorist something, with a terrorist
attack. attack.
What is Psychology?What is Psychology?
What Fields Can A Psychologist go into?
What kind of different fields What kind of different fields can you get into with a Psych can you get into with a Psych Degree? Degree?
You & a Partner will be You & a Partner will be assigned a field. assigned a field. Research it (what they do, where Research it (what they do, where
they work) they work) Come up with a skit to show an Come up with a skit to show an
example of why you would need example of why you would need such a psychologist such a psychologist
Ex: If you’re a sports psych. Ex: If you’re a sports psych. You can do a skit of a kid You can do a skit of a kid playing a sport and then playing a sport and then something happenssomething happens
Be ready to present on Friday (skit Be ready to present on Friday (skit first, then explanation)first, then explanation)
Careers in Careers in PsychologyPsychology
PsychologistPsychologist
Need a doctorate graduate Need a doctorate graduate degreedegree
May take 4-6 years to earn May take 4-6 years to earn a doctorate in a subfielda doctorate in a subfield
Clinical PsychologistClinical Psychologist
Diagnose and treat patients Diagnose and treat patients with psychological with psychological problemsproblemsDay to day issues Day to day issues
Largest number of Largest number of professional psychologistsprofessional psychologists
Basic Research/ Experimental Basic Research/ Experimental PsychologistPsychologist
Pure science or researchPure science or researchResearch for the sake of finding new Research for the sake of finding new
information and expanding the knowledge information and expanding the knowledge base of psychologybase of psychology
Conducts research in a lab Conducts research in a lab
NeuropsychologistNeuropsychologist
Also called biological Also called biological psychologists or psychologists or biopsychologistsbiopsychologists
Explore how the brain Explore how the brain worksworks
Most often work in Most often work in university/college settingsuniversity/college settings
Social PsychologistSocial Psychologist Explore how Explore how
behaviors, feelings, behaviors, feelings, and beliefs are and beliefs are influenced by othersinfluenced by others
Study conformity, Study conformity, attitudes, leadership, attitudes, leadership, prejudice, group prejudice, group behavior, etc.behavior, etc.
Work in the business Work in the business setting, government, setting, government, and universitiesand universities
Developmental PsychologistDevelopmental PsychologistStudy the growth or development that Study the growth or development that
takes place from the womb to deathtakes place from the womb to deathWork in senior centers, hospitals, day-Work in senior centers, hospitals, day-
cares or universitiescares or universities
Cognitive PsychologistCognitive Psychologist
Study thought processes including Study thought processes including intelligence, problem solving, attention, intelligence, problem solving, attention, decision making, language, etc.decision making, language, etc.
Work in educational settings and the Work in educational settings and the business worldbusiness world
Forensic PsychologistForensic Psychologist
Apply law and psychology Apply law and psychology to legal issuesto legal issues
Studies Actions and Motives Studies Actions and Motives of criminals of criminals
Work in correctional Work in correctional settings, law enforcement, settings, law enforcement, and academic settingsand academic settings
Sports PsychologistSports Psychologist
Explore psychological Explore psychological issues in improving issues in improving athletic performance as athletic performance as well as recovering well as recovering from a loss or injury from a loss or injury
Work for sports teams Work for sports teams or in private practiceor in private practice
Educational PsychologistEducational Psychologist
Study how humans Study how humans learn and how to learn and how to improve the learning improve the learning processprocess
Search for ways to improve educational systems
Memory Rewards/punishment
for achievement Work in school Work in school
systems, the systems, the government, or at government, or at universitiesuniversities
PSYCHOMETRIC PSYCHOLOGIST
Design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personality
School PsychologistSchool PsychologistUse psychology to improve the Use psychology to improve the
development of children in the school development of children in the school systemsystem
Are involved in assessments (testing)Are involved in assessments (testing)Work for school systems, the Work for school systems, the
government or universitiesgovernment or universities
Consumer PsychologistConsumer Psychologist
Study why people buy certain products Study why people buy certain products and not othersand not others
Work in the business or academic worldWork in the business or academic world
Rehabilitation PsychologistRehabilitation Psychologist
Help those who have been involved in Help those who have been involved in an accident or have been illan accident or have been ill
Work in medical rehabilitation centersWork in medical rehabilitation centers
Social WorkerSocial Worker
Only have an undergraduate or masters Only have an undergraduate or masters degree in psychology or social workdegree in psychology or social work
Work to improve the lives of othersWork to improve the lives of othersWork for the government, schools, and Work for the government, schools, and
residential facilitiesresidential facilities
INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL
Try to apply psychology to help Try to apply psychology to help business and organizations operatebusiness and organizations operateBehavior at the workplaceGroup decision makingEmployee moraleWork motivationProductivityJob stressPersonnel selectionMarketing strategies
Where do Psychologists work?
36% -Academic Institutions 22% - Clinical Settings (Private
Practice)17% - Hospitals and Clinics12% - Business and Government6% - Counseling and Guidance Centers5% - School Systems1% - Other
Practice Question #1 Practice Question #1 1. Martha is pursuing a career in 1. Martha is pursuing a career in
psychology. She wants to help psychology. She wants to help employees become more productive employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select for psychology should Martha select for school?school?
a.a. PhysiologicalPhysiologicalb.b. CognitiveCognitivec.c. EducationalEducationald.d. ClinicalClinicale.e. Industrial-organizationalIndustrial-organizational
What is Psychology?What is Psychology?
↓↓Root Root WordsWords↓↓
PsychePsyche: the soul: the soul
OlogyOlogy: the study of : the study of
What is What is psychology?psychology?
The scientific study of The scientific study of behavior & mental processesbehavior & mental processes
ScienceScience: making verifiable, : making verifiable, objective predictionsobjective predictions
BehaviorBehavior: observable acts: observable actsMental ProcessesMental Processes: storing, : storing, recalling, using info/feelingsrecalling, using info/feelings
What is Psychology?What is Psychology?
Affected by (response to)Affected by (response to)Physical statePhysical stateMental stateMental stateExternal environmentExternal environment
Hippocrates & Aristotle Hippocrates & Aristotle
Greek philosopher: Greek philosopher: Founder of modern Founder of modern medicine medicine
Brain is ultimate source Brain is ultimate source of (feelings such as of (feelings such as pleasure and pain pleasure and pain (Biological perspective)(Biological perspective)
- - Use senses to get Use senses to get information information - Use information to solve - Use information to solve problemsproblems- motivated to act in good - motivated to act in good or bad waysor bad ways
Historical Origins of Psychology
Rene DescartesTrue knowledge comes through reasoning
Heredity provides individuals with inborn knowledge and abilities and we use this to reason
We are to doubt everything – that’s the only way we can be certain about anything
I think, therefore I am (because we think, we exist)
Historical Origins of Psychology
John LockeSaw the mind as
receptive and passive, with its main goal as sensing and perceiving
Tabula rasa – we are born as a blank slate,everything we know is learned
Who’s Right????Who’s Right????
Practice Question #2Practice Question #21. Which of the following characterizes 1. Which of the following characterizes
a behavioral approach to a behavioral approach to psychology?psychology?
a.a. A study of the unconscious motives involved in A study of the unconscious motives involved in behaviorbehavior
b.b. An introspective study of mental imagery used An introspective study of mental imagery used in problem solvingin problem solving
c.c. An analysis of the neurons involved in memory An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storagestorage
d.d. The use of a projective test to assess The use of a projective test to assess personalitypersonality
e.e. A study of how reinforcement affects learningA study of how reinforcement affects learning
Psychological Psychological Perspectives Perspectives
Why is a person the way they Why is a person the way they are? Depends on who you are? Depends on who you
ask…ask…
I’m gonna need 6 participants
The Blind Men & The Elephant
The Father of PsychologyWilhelm Wundt
Opened 1st Psychology lab (1879)
- Germany
Est. Psych as a Science
- lab experiments- empirical
evidence
Could you hang with Wilheim Could you hang with Wilheim Wundt?Wundt?
Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make Wilhelm Wundt’s Volunteers had to make 10,000 practice observations about 10,000 practice observations about themselves before considered for studiesthemselves before considered for studies
Come up with 50 observations about Come up with 50 observations about thoughts, sensations, images, and thoughts, sensations, images, and feelings. 5 minutes feelings. 5 minutes Who thinks they can do more?Who thinks they can do more?Nothing can be repeatedNothing can be repeated
The Father of Psychology
Wilhelm WundtFocus on consciousness
consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to its basic elements
IntrospectionSelf-observation: ‘seeing’ mental processes in immediate experience
record thoughts, sensations, feeling, and images and to analyze them when you are experiencing something
Reactions to simple stimuli
The First Schools of Psychology
Structuralism (what happened, what is there)sensation & perception and breaking those
down into minute detailEdward Bradford Titchner (Wundt’s student)Three basic mental elements
Images, feelings & sensations1. Introspection2.Wanted to understand the structural elements
of the mind (FEELING)a. Mind operates by combining subjective
emotions and objective sensations
The First Schools of Psychology
Functionalism 1890 (how and why did it happen)
Applying Darwin’s theory of natural selection to mental processes (what was the purpose of thinking?)
William James (Father of American Psychology)How and why (purpose) of behavior
The nose is structured to smell, but why do we need the nose to smell?? What’s its function?
Other Early Schools of Psychology
Gestalt psychology (1890)Wholes vs. multiple individual elementsA whole is greater than the sum of it’s partsExamine a person’s who experience
Don’t dissect an experience into separate elements to discover truths – instead, look at the ‘whole’
WHAT DO YOU SEE??
Next slide
Autumn by Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1573)
How does this painting illustrate Gestalt Psychology??
What do you see when you see this car?
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Austrian physician, and his followers emphasized the importance of the
unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior.
‘Modern’ Schools of Psychology
Freud’s Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic) Theory (20th century)Conscious vs. unconscious conflicts
Behavior results from unconscious drives & conflicts
memories of which we are not aware & cannot control especially sexual drives from childhood
Behaviorism Pioneered by Ivan
Pavlov (1849-1936) CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING = behavior as the product of prior experience famous experiment where he
rang a bell every time he fed some dogs, the dogs would salivate with the food. Eventually the dogs began salivating when Pavlov rang the bell
Unintentional (studying the digestion of dogs)
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
First to use the term ‘behaviorism’ (founder)Famous experiment
with Little Albert (1920)
Emotions like fear could be conditioned
Science of behavior
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Huge influence onbehaviorism
Introduced the idea of REINFORCEMENT, and Operant ConditioningBehavior is a result
of reinforcement & punishment
Behavioral Perspective All Behavior is LEARNED
Modeling Imitating Reinforcements “You are what you learned”
Focuses on OBSERVABLE behaviors over inner experiences. Only cares about the behaviors that
get in the way of our living, and attempts to change them.
If you bit your fingernails when you were nervous, a behaviorist would not focus on calming you down, but rather focus on how to stop you from biting your nails.
Nature v. Nurture
NATUREwe are born
the way we areGenetics and
hormones explain behavior
Biology
NURTUREwe are raised
a certain wayEnvironmental
factors explain behavior
Experience
Am I the way I am because I was born that way or because of my surroundings?
Nature v. Nurture
Can I ever be like these people, or does nature give me limitations?
Biological Perspective
impact of biology on our behaviorhow the brain, nervous system, hormones, & genetics influence our behavior
referred to as psychobiologists
Neuroscience/Biological Perspective
If you could not remember the names of your parents and went to a psychologist
who adheres to the neuroscience perspective,
what might they say?
Cognitive PerspectiveCognitive = Thinkinghow we process, store,
and use information how info. influences our
thinking, language, reasoning, problem solving, and creativity
Behavior influenced by mental processes, perceptions, beliefs memories & expectations
Cognitive Perspective
How do we see the world?
How did we learn to act to sad or happy events?
Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think.
Meet girl Get Rejected by girl
Did you learn to be depressed
Or get back on the horse
Humanistic PsychologyIndividual or self-directed choices
influence our behaviorReaching our full potential SELF
ACTUALIZATIONThe environment and other outside forces simply serve as a
background to our own internal growth
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow “Hierarchy of Needs”
Humanistic Perspective
Focuses on positive growthAttempt to seek self-actualizationTherapists use active listening and
unconditional positive regard.
Mr. Rogers would have made a great Humanistic Therapist!!!
Socio-cultural Perspective
Studying the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioningRules, Roles, Social Norms &
Groups
Social-Cultural Perspective
Even in the same high school, behaviors can change in accordance to the various subcultures.
Evolutionary Psychology
Charles DarwinAll behavior stems from survival of
the fittestInstinctual behaviorMotivated to spread genetic material
Practice Question #2Practice Question #21. Which of the following characterizes 1. Which of the following characterizes
a behavioral approach to a behavioral approach to psychology?psychology?
a.a. A study of the unconscious motives involved in A study of the unconscious motives involved in behaviorbehavior
b.b. An introspective study of mental imagery used An introspective study of mental imagery used in problem solvingin problem solving
c.c. An analysis of the neurons involved in memory An analysis of the neurons involved in memory storagestorage
d.d. The use of a projective test to assess The use of a projective test to assess personalitypersonality
e.e. A study of how reinforcement affects learningA study of how reinforcement affects learning
Practice Question #2Practice Question #2
#2. Of the following topics, which #2. Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study?most likely to study?
a.a. Conformity behavior of college studentsConformity behavior of college students
b.b. Genetic determinants of behaviorGenetic determinants of behavior
c.c. Problem-solving strategies in chessProblem-solving strategies in chess
d.d. Personnel selection problemsPersonnel selection problems
e.e. Maturational processes in adolescent Maturational processes in adolescent developmentdevelopment
Practice Question #3Practice Question #3
1. John B. Watson is best known as 1. John B. Watson is best known as the founder of the founder of
a.a. BehaviorismBehaviorism
b.b. FunctionalismFunctionalism
c.c. RationalismRationalism
d.d. StructuralismStructuralism
e.e. Mechanism Mechanism
Perspectives Through MusicPerspectives Through Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uzK3VwzraM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yg05svXp98
Which perspective does this music Which perspective does this music video represent and why/how?video represent and why/how?