Sovereignty

Canadian & World Politicswww.CraigMarlatt.com/school

Sovereignty

1. Showing Pride

2. Global Decision Making

3. Nationalism

Canadian Symbols

• What does it mean to be Canadian?

• What are the things that represent our country?

• How is Canada recognized around the world?

• What symbols represent YOU?!

Government Symbols

Flags Flown Over Canada

St. George’s Cross Fleur-de-Lis Royal Union

Spanish Ensign Red Ensign Union Jack

Maple Leaf

?!

Multi-Coloured Money

Typical Images

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Sports Inventions

Other Inventions

MORE Inventions

Design Your Own Coat of Arms

Design Your Own Coat of Arms

Design Your Own Coat of Arms

Design Your Own Coat of Arms

Design Your Own Coat of Arms

Design Your Own Coat of Arms

Canada and the European Union

Canada and the European Union

• Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania

• Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • United Kingdom

• Croatia• and others

Canada and the European Union

Canada and the European Union

• Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Croatia• Georgia • Iceland • Kosovo (?)• Liechtenstein

• Macedonia• Moldova • Monaco • Montenegro • Norway • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Switzerland • Turkey• Ukraine • Vatican City State

• Other European Countries (non EU members)

Canada and the European Union

Canada European Union

Government Leader

The Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper

H.E. José Manuel Barroso

Government TypeParliamentary

DemocracySupranational

Union

Formation July 1, 1867 May 9, 1950

Population 33 million 496 million

Canada and the European Union

Canada European Union

Area 9 984 670 sq km 4 325 675 sq km

Divisions10 provinces,

3 territories 27 countries

Capital Ottawa, Ontario Brussels, Belgium

Gross Domestic Product

$1.1 trillion US $13.4 trillion US

Canada and the European Union

• Current Head of Government of country identified assumes additional duties as Presidency of the Council of the European Union for term

2013Jan–Jun  Ireland

Jul–Dec  Lithuania

2014Jan–Jun  Greece

Jul–Dec  Italy

2015Jan–Jun  Latvia

Jul–Dec  Luxembourg

Canada and the European Union

• EU Currency (Bills)– Multi-coloured– Archways and Bridges– NOT specific sites (i.e. not

country-specific)– € 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and

500 denominations

Canada and the European Union

• Canadian Currency (Bills)– Multi-coloured– Prime Ministers and Queen

and scenes of innovation• $5 Laurier (TBA 2013)• $10 Macdonald (TBA 2013)• $20 Elizabeth II Vimy Ridge• $50 King CCG Icebreaker• $100 Borden Medical

Innovation

Canada and the European Union

• EU Coins– Uniform front, national back– All coins are valid in all countries– 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cent pieces plus €1 and €2 coins

1 cent piece 2 cent piece 5 cent piece 10 cent piece

20 cent piece 50 cent piece 1 Euro coin 2 Euro coin

1 cent piece“Penny”

5 cent piece“Nickel”

10 cent piece“Dime”

25 cent piece“Quarter”

50 cent piece 1 dollar coin“Loonie”

2 dollar coin“Toonie”

Canada and the European Union

• Canadian Coins– Maple leaf, beaver, bluenose, moose, coat of arms,

loonie, and polar bear are regular images on front, Queen on back

– 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cent coins plus $1 and $2 coins

Nationalism

• Canada and Quebec

• Indonesia and East Timor

• Turkey, Iraq, and Iran and Kurdistan

• Russia and Chechnya

• Spain and Basque

• United Kingdom and Northern Ireland

• Israel and Palestine

Nationalism

• In all of these fractured national geographies, neo-national identities are in the midst of political contest with their predecessors.

• Each predecessor views the new or new-old claimant as a threat to its own integrity, or even to its continued existence as a state.

Nationalism

• Neo-nationalism has come to mean violence, whereas it should mean mutual recognition and new opportunity. “Velvet divorces”, as between Slovakia and the Czech Republic, or successful new federal solutions are rare.

• Other notable locations with neo-nationalist movements include Scotland, Japan, Denmark, Poland, and Yugoslavia, although the United Nations estimates that only 25 of its 192 members are free from secessionist disputes.

Nationalism

• Case Studies

– Quebec

– Western Alienation

– Scotland

– Wales

Border Terminology

• Physical borders are actual walls, gates, or other tangible barriers dividing political divisions.

• On the other hand, theoretical borders are those that exist on paper alone and often just follow lines of latitude or longitude and are not marked on the ground.

Border Terminology

• The Great Wall of China: A Physical Border

Border Terminology

• A similar concept is real v. perceived borders. Real borders are those that do exist - whether physical or theoretical.

• Perceived borders are those which one or more people feel exist but are not actually there. The latter may affect people just as a real border would but nonetheless are not there.

Border Terminology

• The next type of borders have had significant affect in Canada. Temporal borders refers to the timing of the creation of the border. – Antecedent borders are those placed down where

no development has previously occurred. – Superimposed borders are those placed down

irrespective of any existing settlement.

Border Terminology

• The last set of terms when referring to borders are lines and regions. Border lines are those of small, finite widths that are knowingly crossed.

• Border regions are areas of indefinite width surrounding a border line. The width may vary significantly depending on many variables including population, geography, and political stability.

Border Terminology

• Political exclaves are small areas of land belonging to one jurisdiction yet completely surrounded by another.

Border Terminology

• Political Exclaves

Border Terminology

• Political Exclaves

Border Terminology

• International Boundary Disputes

Border Terminology

• International Boundary Disputes

Border Terminology

• International Boundary Disputes

Border Terminology

• International Boundary Disputes

• Other disputed border locations include – Ethiopia and Eritrea– Japan and Russia– Chile and Argentina– Canada and the United States

The Canada – U.S. Border

• Problems with the Superimposition of the Canada-U.S. Border

The Canada – U.S. Border

• Problems with the Superimposition of the Canada-U.S. Border

The Canada – U.S. Border

• Political Exclaves

BRITISH COLUMBIA

WASHINGTON

The Canada – U.S. Border

• Political Exclaves

ONTARIOMANITOBA

MINNESOTA

The Canada – U.S. Border

• Border Costs

ParksCanada

Canada Border Services

The Canada – U.S. Border

• A History of Marking the Border

The Canada – U.S. Border

• Opportunities of a North American Perimetre

• Security

• Ease of Movement

• Cooperation

• Sovereignty?

• Political union has always been an option for Canada – eliminating the physical border would not change this