Post on 15-Mar-2016
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Solutions and pH
Solutions Mixtures – a combination of substances
that retain their original propertiesEx. trail mix, air, salt water
SolutionsSolution – mixture of one or more substances
uniformly distributed in another substance.
Can be solid, liquid, gas
ex. Plasma (liquid) brass (solid) copper and zinc soda (liquid/gas) water and CO2
Solutions2 parts:
1. Solute – substance being dissolved2. Solvent- substance doing dissolving
Salt water: salt = solute water = solvent
Aqueous solutions- water is the solvent due to hydrogen bonding
Water = universal solvent because it can dissolve most things
ConcentrationConcentration- amount of solute
dissolved in a fixed amount of solution
When no more solute can be dissolved….solution is SATURATED
Salt will no longer dissolve
Acids & BasesThe Homeostasis of living things depends
on the degree of acidity (acid) and alkalinity (base) in certain areas
Water Acids and bases are solutions made by the dissociation of
water Water naturally breaks down into ions of opposite charges,
this is called dissociation. Water will form these ions naturally (H3O+ & OH-) and in EQUAL amounts.
H2O H+ + OH-
This is why water is NEUTRAL!
Hydronium (H3O+) ions = hydroxide (OH- ) ions
Acids & BasesAcidity= measure of the amount of
hydronium (H3O+) ions dissolved in a solution.
Alkalinity (AKA basic solution)= measure of the amount of hydroxide (OH- ) ions dissolves in a solution
Acids- more H+ ions released- pH < 7- Sour taste- Corrosive on metals- Burns skin
• Ex. Orange juice, • vinegar, sulfuric acid
*Homeostasis relevance- your stomach must have a
certain acidity to function properly
Bases-more OH- ions released- pH > 7- Tastes bitter- Slippery- Irritate the skin
- Ex. NaOH- Homeostasis relevance- your
small intestine needs a certain alkalinity (basic) to function properly
pH Scale- Used to measure the
amounts of H3O+ and OH- ions in a solution
- Tells you how acidic or basic something is
- Ranges 0-14, 7 = neutral above 7 = base below 7 = acid
- Ten fold system- Measure pH with litmus
paper
BuffersBuffers- chemical substances that neutralize
small amounts of acids and bases
Ex. Acids { stomach acid & urineEx. Bases { blood & intestinal fluid
- If not at the proper pH level, these body systems will not function properly and…
you’ll need to use a Buffer ex. Alka seltzer