Post on 25-Jun-2015
Department of Water and Power City of Los Angeles
California State Lands Commission Owens Lake Demonstration Project
Yamen Nanne
Solar Energy Development
June 2nd, 2010
Presentation Outline
LADWP Renewables Overview
Project Background & Drivers
Project Development Review & Status
Solar Technologies Assessment
Wind Tunnel Testing
Geotechnical affects on foundations
Revised Solar Demonstration Project Structure
Feedback & Recommendations on Next Steps
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Los Angeles Department of Water Power (LADWP) Env / Energy Policies
LADWP & Green LA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reduction Goals:
o Reduce GHG emissions to 20% below 1990 levels by 2012 and to 35% below 1990 levels by 2030.
o Deliver coal-free energy to customers by 2020.
o Compliance with other GHG reduction legislation such as AB32, SB1368, etc.
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS):
o Energy sold to LADWP customers include 20% renewable resource by 2010 and 35% by 2020.
Integrated Resource Plan:
o LADWP plans to assure adequate resources to meet customer energy needs reliably and economically.
Incorporates strategies to meet GHG, RPS goals, and integration requirements.
o Energy Cost Adjustment Factor (ECAF)
o The ECAF authorizes the LADWP to recover their costs due to the fluctuating costs of renewable sources of power, fuel/natural gas, and escalating costs of third party provided purchased power.
LADWP Renewables Mix
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2009 Renewable Power Content 2020 Renewable Power Content
14% OF TOTAL LADWP ENERGY CONSUMPTION 35% OF TOTAL LADWP ENERGY CONSUMPTION
LADWP Solar Program
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Existing Programs Brief Description Utility Built LADWP will install utility-scale solar projects using local labor on
City owned land & facilities.
Solar Incentive Program (SB1) Encourage ratepayers to install solar systems to supplement their own utility purchases.
Programs Under Devlopment Brief Description
Large Scale Power Purchase Agreements (PPA)
Long-term PPAs with solar developers, including an option for LADWP to own the project.
Feed-In-Tariff (FIT) Allows LADWP customers & solar power providers to sell energy to LADWP (Distribution grid connected).
Sunshares (Community Projects)
Enables ratepayers to participate in community solar energy development
Solar LA Program
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Solar Demonstration Project Background
LADWP Water System has dust mitigation commitments at Owens Dry Lake (ODL)
Power System has RPS goals of 20% by 2010 & 35% by 2020
July 2009, LADWP proposed concept of solar as a means of non-water based dust mitigation
August 2009, GB established criteria for using solar as a Best Available Control Measure (BACM)
Sept – Dec 2009 LADWP conducted extensive wind tunnel testing for feasibility of solar
Wind model configurations showed that solar in combination with other non-water based control measures can reach the 99% compliance threshold
December 2009 - GB agreed to allow LADWP to conduct a solar demonstration project (Demo)
Initially LADWP filed a Notice of Exemption (NOE) request for a 616 acre
LADWP Water System submitted a lease application for 80 acres
Canceled NOE and initiated Negative Declaration (ND)
Power System Consultants conducted an feasibility assessment based on Phase 7 Geotechnical Data
Demonstration Project Drivers
Provide a field verification as requested by GBUAPCD to validate the use of solar integrated with other mitigation mechanisms as a BACM
Substantial Long term water savings for LA & the State of California
GHG reduction & Air Quality Improvement
Economic development & job creation
Help DWP meet its renewable energy program using its existing transmission
Validate the feasibility of doing solar on the Lake
– Tackle Geotechnical / Soil Conditions
– System / Construction costs
– Operation & Maintenance costs
– Provide an innovative case study for future projects
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LADWP Solar Project Implementation Process
Site Assessment
Technology Assessment
Environmental Review
Preliminary Cost / Feasibility
Study
Preliminary Design
Environmental Compliance
Prepare Detailed
Design Bid
Award Bid & Procure Material
Construction
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Cost of Renewable Power
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Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) by Resource
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0 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Levelized Cost ($/MWh)
Renewables
Conventional
$87 - 196
$129 - 206
$57 - 113
$225 - 342
$74 - 102
Gas Peaking
Gas CombinedCycle
Wind
Solar Thermal
Solar PV
$/MWh: 2009 - 2012
Prices include federal incentives Source: Lazard Capital Markets 3/18/2009
USA Solar Resource
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Owens Lake
Very High Solar Resource
Average Solar resource ~ above 7.5 kWh / m2 /day
Solar resource x solar cell efficiency x area of panel = energy output per day (kWh)
Utilize existing transmission lines and corridors
Utilize previously disturbed land
Weather data shows 89% sunny days
Per existing weather station
Strategic location within CA
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Why Solar at Owens Lake
Solar Technology 1 – Flat Plate Photovoltaic (PV)
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Solar Technology 2 – Tracking PV
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Solar Technology 3 – Membrane Thin Film PV
Solar cells on a floating cover
(Courtesy Dow Geomembrane Systems).
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One pod, two panels of solar cells
Solar Technology 4 - Floatovoltaics
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Emerging Technology
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Commercial glass & steel Greenhouse
700F Working Fluid
P4P Suspended
Preferred Technology – Standard PV
Proven Commercially Technology
Minimal water use
Lowest cost & maintenance
Modular constructability
LADWP had existing RFP for Design & Procurement
Fixed panels most likely to provide most optimal ground coverage
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Wind Tunnel Testing Project Team
GBUAPCD - Wind Reduction Criterion
Historically, Best Available Control Measures (BACM) required to achieve 99 percent reduction in dust emissions on the Owens playa (SIP, Chapter 8, Attachment B, Item 3(c)iii).
For solar, measure of success defined by the District as complete sheltering of 99 percent or more of the area within the solar panel array.
Previous Control measures required 75% coverage to achieve 99% sheltering
The design wind speed defined by District is 22.4 m/s (50 mph) at 10 m above ground. Complete sheltering occurs when the wind speed at 0.254 m above ground is 4.5 m/s or less.
Complete sheltering occurs when the wind speed at a height of 0.254 m (10 inches) above ground is reduced to 20 percent or less of the wind speed at 10 m.
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1 MW PV Block
642 ft x 538 ft
7.9 Acres
Solar Covering 6.9 Acres
Major Components
– PV Modules
– Inverter
– Foundations
– Racking
– Electrical Wiring
– Fencing
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Wind Tunnel Test Configuration Summary
Parameters: Panel Tilt, Panel Height, Row Spacing, Fencing, Wind Deflector (fairings)
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CONFIG Inte
rior R
ows
Exterio
r Row
s
Inte
rior T
ilt
Exterio
r Tilt
Height
Inte
rior R
ow S
pacin
g
Exterio
r Row
Spa
cing
Perim
eter
Fen
ce
Corne
ring
Fence
Wind
Def
lecto
r
A21 5 4 30 20 3' 12' 12' 8' porous backA22 5 4 30 20 3' 12' 12' porous backA23 5 4 30 20 3' 12' 12' 8' NoA24 5 30 3' 12' 8' NoA25 5 4 30 20 3' 12' 12' 8' porous backA26 5 4 30 20 3' 12' 12' 8' porous backC21 9 30 3' 12' 8' NoC22 9 30 3' 12' 8' NoD (D21 & D22) 7 30 3' Long Checker 8' NoE22 5 4 30 20 1' 12' 12' NoE23 5 4 30 20 1' 12' 12' 8' NoF (F21 & F22) 9 4 30 20 1' 16', Checker 12' 12' 10' solid toeG (G21 & G22) 9 4 30 20 1' 16', Checker 12' 12' 10' solid toe, solid back and sides in
placesHnorth (H21 & H24) 15 4 30 20 1' 16', Checker 12' 12' 10' solid toeHsouth (H23 & H22) 15 4 30 20 1' 16', Checker 12' 12' 10' solid toeI21 9 4 30 20 1' 16', Checker 12' 12' 10' solid toe, various additional fencingI (I22 & I23) 9 4 30 20 1' 16', Checker 12' 12' 10' solid toe, interior fencingJ21 7 5 3' 3' 12' NoJ22 7 5 3' 3' 12' solid toeJ23 7 5 3' 3' 12' solid toe, 3' surrounding fenceK21 7 5 3' 6' 12' solid toeK22 7 5 3' 6' 6' solid toeK23 7 5 3' 6' 6' solid toe, 3' surrounding fenceK24 7 5 3' 6' 12' solid toe, 3' surrounding fence
Wind Tunnel Test Configuration Summary
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K21 and K24
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Contour Plots Wind from 180O
WindDirection
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Contour PlotsWind from 315O
WindDirection
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Best and Worst K24 with Gravel Rows
Alternate Interpolation (biased low)
Original Interpolation (biased high)
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Lease Application Background
• LADWP Submitted a Lease Application Feb 24, 2010
• 80 Acres of Land for a Solar
• Within Area T1A-4 of Phase 7
• Solar augmented w/ gravel
• Solar within earthen berms
• Emerging technologies
• On March 22nd responded w/ a letter to LADWP requesting further details on the specifics of what the demo project will entail
• Since then:
• Continued economic and geotechnical analysis of best solutions to implement for the Demo
Soil Conditions at T1A-4
Based on Phase 7 Geotechnical Data
– Clayey lacustrine deposits
– Severely corrosive chloride & sulfate
– Shallow ground water
– Substantial differential settlement
– Required concrete ballasts
Ballast foundations & racking
– 8x3x1 ft ballast
– Significant cost increase
Need for additional more specific geotechnical investigation
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Scope of Geotechnical Study
Submit GeoTech Permit
Investigate 20 acres on T37-1
Investigate 20 acres on Area 1 of Phase 8
Foundation design
– Bearing capacity of soil
– Experimental foundations
• Piles, Hemispherical, Rect / Square
Subgrade Preparation
– Blending in material (lime, cement)
Loading scenarios
– Axial, lateral, & combined
– Using a backhoe & spring scale
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New Targeted Areas for Solar Demo
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Interconnection Options
Area T37-1
– Located within ½ mile of existing 34.5 kV
New Study Area 1
– Located very near existing 4.8 kV
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Revised Demo Structure
Obtain GeoTech Permit
Conduct GeoTechnical Study
Amend Lease application pending Geotech Analysis
– Create flexibility
– Phase I
• ½ MW of Solar PV w/ Gravel
• 3 – 5 acres depending on technology
– Phase II
• Other / emerging technologies
More engagement w/ External Stakeholders
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External Stakeholders
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California State Lands CommissionEnvironment
al & Cultural Grps
CARBRWQCB
Regional UtilitiesLocal
Community & Local
Agencies
Owens Lake Master
Planning Committee
Ranchers
GBUAPCD
Remaining Milestones
June 9th Owens Lake Master Planning Committee Presentation
GeoTech Permit
GeoTechnical Investigation
Revise Lease / Project Description
Draft Neg Dec Completed
Board approval of final CEQA document
Engineer & procure system
Construction
COD : Target of July 1st, 2011 but no later than Oct 1st, 2011
– Wind season is October – June, however Demo can be validated if significant wind events occur
Monitoring & Validation Period
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Feedback & Recommendations
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