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H KIN TRC TP HCMKHOA XY DNG B MN NN MNG
Trn ng Kim Lam
lam.kxdkt@gmail.com
SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 0
SOIL MECHANIC LABORATORYTH NGHIM C T
GII THIU MN HC
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TIEU CHUAN KHAO SAT A KY THUAT
CHAPTER 0GII THIU MN HC
0.1. V SAO PHI NGHIN CU TH NGHIM C T
0.2. V TR KHO ST A C TRONG XY DNG
0.3. QUY TRNH XY DNG H S KHO ST
0.4. PHN LOI TH NGHIM C T
0.5. KT QU T C CA TH NGHIM C T
0.6. TI LIU THAM KHO TH NGHIM C T
0.7. QUY TRNH NH GI CHT LNG MN HC TH NGHIM C T
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TIEU CHUAN KHAO SAT A KY THUAT
CHAPTER 0GII THIU MN HC
0.6. TI LIU THAM KHO TH NGHIM C T
V Cng Ng - Nguyn Thi; Th nghim t hin trng v ng dng trong phn tch nn mng.
V.. Lmtaze (bn dch): Phng php nghin cu tnh cht c l ca t phng th nghim;
Tiu chun v kho st v o c xy dng.
Tuyn tp Tiu chun xy dng ca Vit Nam; Tp XI t xy dng.
Nguyn Uyn; Thc tp & bi tp a cht cng trnh;
Chu Ngc n. C hc t. NXB HQG TP.HCM 2009;
L Qu An v cng s. C hc t. NXB GD H Ni 1995;
Cao Vn Ch v cng s. C hc t. NXB XD H Ni 2003;
Bi Anh nh. C hc t. NXB XD H Ni 2004;
T c Thnh v cng s. C hc t. NXB XD H Ni 2002;
R. Whitlow. C hc t. NXB GD H Ni 1999;lam.kxdkt@gmail.com4
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TIEU CHUAN KHAO SAT A KY THUAT
CHAPTER 0GII THIU MN HC
0.6. TI LIU THAM KHO TH NGHIM C T
T. W. Lambe et al. Soil mechanics. John Wiley, 1979;
R. F. Craig. Soil mechanics. London, 1997;
J. Atkinson. An Introduction to the mechanics of soil and foundations. Mcgraw Hill, 1993;
B. M. Das. Soil mechanics laboratory manual. Engineering press, 1996.
P. P. Raj. Geotechnical Engineering. McGraw Hill, 1995;
D. P. Coduto. Geotechnical Engineering Principles and Practices. Prentice Hall, 1998;
R. L. Schiffman. One dimensional consolidation of saturated clay layers nonlinear finite strain primary
consolidatin. University of Colorado, 1984;
B. M. Das. Principles of geotechnical engineering. Pws, 1995.
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CHAPTER 1
CHNG M U
TH NGHIM C T
SOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHNG M U
CHAPTER 11.1. TNG QUAN CNG TC KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Mc ch v nhim v ca kho st a cht cng trnh
Cc giai on kho st a cht cng trnh
Nguyn l chung ca kho st a cht cng trnh
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1.1.1. MC CH V NHIM V CA KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.1.1. MC CH V NHIM V CA KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNHNn ng b st l (trt) do t nn mt n nh . Tc l b
ph hoi ct (hay b ph hoi v cng ).
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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CHNG M U
CHAPTER 11.1.1. MC CH V NHIM V CA KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Nn mng cngtrnh b trt do t
nn mt n nh .
Tc l b ph hoi
ct (hay b ph
hoi v cng ).
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1.1.1. MC CH V NHIM V CA KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Cung cp y , chnh xc v ton din cc iu kin CCT ca nn t trong
khu vc xy dng.
Kho st CCT c nhng nhim v sau:
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.1.2. CC GIAI ON KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Giai on iu tra ban u
Giai on kho st
Giai on kho st b sung phc v thi cng
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.1.2. CC GIAI ON KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Giai on iu tra ban u
Giai on kho st Giai on kho st s b
Giai on kho st chi tit
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.1.3. NGUYN L CHUNG CA KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Nguyn l k tha
Nguyn l giai on
Nguyn l kt hp
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2. CNG TC KHO ST NGOI TRI
o v a cht cng trnh
Phng php thm d a vt l
Phng php khoan, o thm d a cht cng trnh
Cc phng php th nghim a cht cng trnh hin trng
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
1
2
3
4
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
Khi lng khoan o thm d
Cch b tr im khoan o thm d
su khoan o thm d
Phn loi khoan o thm d
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
o thm d
Ging o
Hm thm d
Ho thm d
Khoan thm d
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
Khoan th cng
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
Khoan gung xon
Khoan p cp
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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CHNG M U
CHAPTER 11.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
Khoan xoay my
u im
Nhc im
Cu to
Cng tc ly mu
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CHNG M U
CHAPTER 11.2.3. PHNG PHP KHOAN O, THM D A CHT CNG TRNH
Cng tc ly mu
Mu khng nguyn dng
Mu nguyn dng
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1.2.4. CC PP TH NGHIM A CHT CNG TRNH HIN TRNG
Cc th nghim a cht cng trnh
Cc th nghim a cht thy vn
Cc cng tc quan trc a cht cng trnh
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.2.4. CC PP TH NGHIM A CHT CNG TRNH HIN TRNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.3. CNG TC TRONG PHNG
Th nghim trong phng cc ch tiu c l
Tng hp, chnh l thng k kt qu th nghim trong phng
ngha v ni dung bo co CCT
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
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1.3.1. TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG CC CH TIU C L
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Nhm th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu vt l
Nhm th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c hc
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Phn loi cc tr cc c trng ca t
Phm vi s dng cc c trng
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
3. Loi tr sai s th nghim
max 0
min 0
i CM
i CM
A A
A A
g s
g s
-
-
Mu no khng tha Loi Lm li t Bc 1.
Nu tha ht Bc 4
0: h s tiu chun thng k, ly theo s lng mu th nghim.
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
3. Loi tr sai s th nghimn 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0 2.07 2.18 2.27 2.35 2.41 2.47 2.52 2.56 2.6 2.64 2.67 2.7 2.73 2.75 2.78
n 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
0 2.8 2.82 2.84 2.86 2.88 2.9 2.91 2.93 2.94 2.96 2.97 2.98 3.0 3.01 3.02
n 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
03.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.1 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.14 3.15 3.15
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
4. Xc nh li s ton phng trung bnh2
1
1( )1
n
i
iA A nns - -
5. Xc nh h s bin ng:
S
A
H s bin ng tra bng ph thuc vo loi c trng
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
5. Xc nh h s bin ng:c trng ca t H s bin ng
T trng ht 0.01
Trng lng ring 0.05
m t nhin 0.15
Gii hn Atterberg 0.15Module bin dng 0.30
Ch tiu sc chng ct 0.30
Cng chu nn 1 trc 0.40 lam.kxdkt@gmail.com52
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
6. Tr tiu chun ca cc ch tiu 1
n
i
i
A
A n
Ring tr tiu chun v lc dnh n v v gc ma st trong xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
-
-
n n
ii
n
i
n
i
n
ii
n
n
tg
1
2
1
2
111
ss
tsts
j
-
n n
ii tgn
c1 1
1 sjt
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
6. Tr tiu chun ca cc ch tiu 1
n
itc
i
A
A n
Ring tr tiu chun v lc dnh n v v gc ma st trong xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
6. Tr tnh ton ca cc ch tiu
tc
tt
d
AAk
Trong kd l h s an ton v t.
kd = 1, vi tt c cc ch tiu tr lc dnh, gc ma st trong, dung trng, cng nn n
kd = 1/(1) vi cc ch tiu lc dnh, gc ma st trong, dung trng, cng nn n
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
Trnh t thng k s liu a cht
6. Tr tnh ton ca cc ch tiu i vi c v tgj: = t.
i vi dung trng v cng nn n:.t
n
Xc sut tin cy ca tr tnh ton cc c trng ca t c ly bng:
= 0,95 khi tnh nn theo sc chu ti; = 0,85 khi tnh nn theo bin dng.
Khi tnh ton theo sc chu ti th tr tnh ton ca cc c trng j, c v g k hiu l jI, cI v gI; cn tnh
theo bin dng th k hiu l jII, cII v gII. lam.kxdkt@gmail.com56
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M U
CHAPTER 1
S bc t do (n -1) ivi R
nv , (n - 2) i vi
c v j
H s t
ng vi xc suttin cy
0,85 0,952 1,34 2,923 1,25 2,354 1,19 2,135 1,16 2,016 1,13 1,947 1,12 1,908 1,11 1,869 1,10 1,8310 1,10 1,8111 1,09 1,8012 1,08 1,7813 1,08 1,77
S bc t do (n -1)i vi R
nv , (n - 2)
i vi c v j
H s t
ng vi xcsut tin cy
0,85 0,9514 1,08 1,7615 1,07 1,7516 1,07 1,7517 1,07 1,7418 1,07 1,7319 1,07 1,7320 1,06 1,7225 1,06 1,7130 1,05 1,7040 1,05 1,6860 1,05 1,67
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1.3.2. TNG HP, CHNH L THNG K KT QU TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
Sai s ton phng trung bnh
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1.3.3. NGHA V NI DUNG BO CO CCT
ngha
Ni dung
CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
1.3.3. NGHA V NI DUNG BO CO CCT
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
1.3.3. NGHA V NI DUNG BO CO CCT
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
1.3.3. NGHA V NI DUNG BO CO CCT
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
1.4. LA CHN TH NGHIM PHC V CNG TC THIT K
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
1.4. LA CHN TH NGHIM PHC V CNG TC THIT K
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
1.4. LA CHN TH NGHIM PHC V CNG TC THIT K
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BI TP 1
1.3. BI TP
CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
Mt lon t m c khi lng 68,3g, sau khi sy kh khi lng cn li l 44,8g. Khi lng ca lon l
11,4g. Xc nh m ca mu t.
Dao vng s dng xc nh khi lng th tch ca mu t trn c chiu cao h=2cm, ng knh
trong d=6,3cm. Khi lng ca dao vng v t ( c ct v gt phng); 187,9g. Khi lng ca dao
vng: 89,8g. Xc nh khi lng th tch mu t.
Khi lng ring ht ca mu t l s=2,653g/cm3. Xem khi lng ring ca nc w=1g/cm3. Xc
nh khi lng th tch t kh, h s rng, rng, khi lng th tch y ni v bo ha ca mu
t. lam.kxdkt@gmail.com66
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 2
1.3. BI TP
T th nghim xc nh gii hn
nho (bng phng php chm cuCasagrance) v gii hn do, s liu
ghi nhn c th hin bng sau.
Xc nh gii hn nho (c th s
dng biu trong ti liu ny), gii
hn do ca mu t. Tnh st ca
mu t, bit rng m ca mu t
W=67,3%.
Gii hn nho Gii hn do
Khi lng tm v lon
20,8 22,2 20,9 20,5 21,9
Khi lng tkh v lon
16,0 17,1 16,0 18,1 19,0
Lon s A15 A28 A93 B39 C45Khi lng lon 7,2 8,3 7,9 8,0 7,0
S ln ri N 36 26 17 m 54.54% 57.95% 60.49% 23.76% 24.17%
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 3
1.3. BI TP
Gii hn Atterberg (gii hn nho bng phng php Casagrande) ca hai mu t c xc nht kt qu th nghim nh sau:
Mu 1: WL=75,3%, WP=37,7%
Mu 2: WL=41,3%, WP=18,9%
Xc nh tn t theo biu ng A.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 4
1.3. BI TP Th nghim nn n trc mt mu t c chiu cao ban u l h=7,6cm, ng knh
d=3,8cm. Gi tr ti trng tc dng ln mu ng vi bin dng cho theo bng sau.
V ng cong quan h ng sut bin dng, xc nh module bin dng, cng
sc khng nn n.
Titrng
(N)0 21,98 28,18 32,69 33,82 36,08 38,33 40,58 41,71 43,97 45,09 47,35 49,60 51,86 54,11 55,24 55,24 53,55 51,29
Bindngdc
trcrh
(0,01mm)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 5
1.3. BI TP
Th nghim nn khng n hng (nn c kt) mt mu t c chiu cao ban u h0=2,0cm, h s rng ban
u e0-2,635. S c ng h bin dng n nh di cc cp p lc khi gia ti v d ti cho theo bng:
Thigian
(pht)0,1 0,25 0,5 1 2 4 5 8 15 30 1h 2h 3h 6h 12h
ln
(mm)
0,347 0,351 0,355 0,362 0,3708 0,385 0,4032 0,421 0,441 0,455 0,466 0,4725 0,479 0,486 0,493
V ng cong quan h bin dng v log(t), t xc nh h s c kt Cv v h s thm kv mu t.
Chiu cao ban u ca mu t 2cm, h s rng ban u e=2,635.lam.kxdkt@gmail.com70
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 6
1.3. BI TP
Th nghim nn khng n hng (nn c kt) mt mu t c chiu cao ban u h0=2,0cm, h s rng ban
u e0=0,681. S c ng h bin dng n nh di cc cp p lc 1,0 v 2,0 kG/cm2 tng ng l 72
v 97 (0,01mm). Bit rng h s Poisson ca mu t =0,3. Xc nh gi tr module bin dng ca mu
t.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 7
1.3. BI TP
Th nghim nn ln mt mu t trong phng. Khi ng sut ng hng tng t 100kPa ln 200kPath th tch gim 0,1%. Gi s tng ng sut t 200kPa ln 300kPa, bin dng th tch s bng, nh hn
hay ln hn gi tr 0,1%? Ti sao?
Kt qu th nghim trong phng cho h s rng ca lp bn st dy 20m l e=2,345, Khi c lng
ln bng ng cong nn ln t kt qu th nghim trong phng th h s rng ban u c chn thno?
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 8
1.3. BI TP
Cn c vo ng cong nn ln, nh gi v s thay i module bin dng ca t nn theo su.
T chng minh rng phm vi nn ln ca vng nn l c gii hn.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 9
1.3. BI TP
Kt qu ct trc tip hai mu t cho theo bng, xc nh gi tr c trng sc chng ct, nhn xt nh
gi v loi t.Mu 1.
Mu 2.
ng sut php (kG/cm2) ng sut tip (kG/cm2)0,25 0,1240,5 0,1511 0,210
ng sut php (kG/cm2) ng sut tip (kG/cm2)
1,0 0,606
2,0 1,187
3,0 1,769lam.kxdkt@gmail.com74
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 10
1.3. BI TP
STT Cng nn n qu (kG/cm2)1 0,192 0,223 0,184 0,275 0,17
6 0,267 0,218 0,28
Gi tr cng nn n trc t kt qu th nghim cc mu t trong mt lp theo
bng sau. Xc nh gi tr tnh ton.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 11
1.3. BI TP
Th nghim 3 1 - 31 30 31,42 70 32,7
Tin hnh th nghim nn ba trc mt mu t theo s UU. p lc bung c gi khng i trongsut qu trnh th nghim. Giai on k tip l nn lch trc trong iu kin khng thot nc cho n khi
mu t ph hoi. Kt qu nn lch trc khi ph hoi cho theo bng sau vi cc gi tr ng sut vi n v
kPa:
Xc nh sc chng ct ca mu t.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 12
1.3. BI TP
Skempton ngh quan h gia tng p lc nc l rng v ng sut xc nh theo biu thc
sau:u=B[3+A1-3]u - gia tng p lc nc l rng khi nn khng thot nc.A, B - Cc h s p lc nc l rng.viB=u3 VA=u1
Tin hnh nn 3 trc mt mu t bo ha nc hon ton theo s CU. Trc tin l gia tngp lc bung v cho mu t c kt n khi p lc nc l rng phn tn ht hon ton. p lc bung
c gi khng i trong sut qu trnh th nghim. Giai on k tip l nn lch trc trogn iu kinkhng thot nc cho n khi mu ph hoi v c o p lc nc l rng. Kt qu nn lch trc khi phhoi cho theo bng sau vi cc gi tr ng sut vi n v kPa:Xem nc l rng khng chu nn, nhn xt nh gi cc gi tr h s p lc nc l rng A v B.
Th nghim 3 1 - 3 u1 20 41 8,22 40 70 11,93 60 98 15,6
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 13
1.3. BI TP
Th nghim nn n trc mt mu ct kt hnh lng tr trn c ng knh d0=47mm, chiu cao h0=93mm
cho theo bng, H s vng lc R=575 N/div. Tnh v v ng quan h ng sut - bin dng. Xc nh gi
tr module bin dng trung bnh. Nhn xt.
S c ng h bin dng
dc trc(div.=x10-2mm) 0 9 16 23 27 31 36 41 45 49 52 56 61 65 70 76
S c ng h vng lc DR(div.)
0 34 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 14
1.3. BI TP
Gi tr p lc trn ng h khi nn n trc mt mu hnh lng tr trn ng knh d=54mm im ph hoi l 326kG/cm2. Din tch pistong Apis =13.35 cm2. Xc nh cng sc khng nn
n qu (kG/cm2, kN/m2).
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 15
1.3. BI TP
STT qu (kG/cm2) STT qu (kG/cm2)
1 0.099 7 0.217
2 0.174 8 0.223
3 0.186 9 0.258
4 0.167 10 0.202
5 0.229 11 0.214
Xc nh gi tr tnh ton ca cng khng nn n ca lp t bn st t cc s liu th nghim.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 16
1.3. BI TP STT Module bin dng E0 (kG/cm2)
1 66.7
2 61.2
3 68.54 60.1
5 57.8
6 69.3
7 64.4
8 67.2
9 58.5
10 72.6
11 66.9
Gi tr module bin dng t kt qu th
nghim cc mu t trong mt lp theo bng sau.
Xc nh tr tnh ton vi xc sut tin cy=0.85.
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CHNG M UCHAPTER 1
BI TP 17
1.3. BI TP
Mt ct Granite to bi cc khi c kch thc 1mx1mx1m. Vi bn nn n trc qu=200Mpa = 2000 x 10.2 = 20.400 T/m2 v khi lng ring =2.6 T/m3. Module n hi Ee = 50.000 Mpa. Xc
nh chiu cao ti a ca ct sao cho ct vn n nh (bin dng xem nh khng ng k v khng
xt nh hng ca ti trng ngang). Khi bin dng ca ct do tc dng ca trng lng bn thn
s l bao nhiu?
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CHAPTER 2
PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY
DNG
TH NGHIM C TSOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
2.1. CC NGUYN TC PHN LOI T
Phi m t mt s thut ng xc nh, ngn gn nhng y cho ngi s
dng
Cc lp v ph lp c xc nh r theo cc thng s tng i d o lng
nh lng
Cc lp v ph lp phi tp hp c cc loi t c cc c trng tnh cht xy
dng tng t li vi nhau
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cng nacng
t ri t dnh t cbit
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
2.2. PHN LOI T TNG QUT
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2.3. TIU CHUN PHN LOI T VIT NAM
1. nh ngha mt s thut ng theo TCVN2. Phn loi t xy dng Vit Nam
3. Phn loi t ti hin trng
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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2.3.1. NH NGHA MT S THUT NG THEO TCVN
t xy dng
tng
Cui v dm
Si v sn
Ht ct
Ht bi
Ht st
Ht mn
Ht th
t hu c
t ht mn
t cui si
t ct
t bi
t st
t ri
t dnh
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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2.3.2. PHN LOI T XY DNG VIT NAM 5949 - 1993
Sinh vin t nghin cu
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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2.3.3. PHN LOI T THEO TCVN 9362:2012Loi t hn ln v t ct Phn b ca ht theo ln tnh bng phn trm trng lng
ca t hong kh1 2
A. t hn ln
t tng ln (khi c ht sc cnh gi l a khi)t cui (khi c ht sc cnh gi I t dm)
t si (khi c ht sc cnh gi l t sn)
Trng lng ca cc ht ln hn 200 mm chim trn 50 %Trng lng cc ht ln hn 10 mm chim trn 50 %Trng lng cc ht ln hn 2 mm chim trn 50 %
B. t ct
Ct si
Ct th
Ct th va
Ct mn
Ct bi
Trng lng cc ht ln hn 2 mm chim trn 25 %
Trng lng cc ht ln hn 0,5 mm chim trn 50 %
Trng lng cc ht ln hn 0,25 mm chim trn 50 %
Trng lng cc ht ln hn 0,1 mm chim trn 75 % hoc hn
Trng lng ht ln hn 0,1 mm chim di 75 %CH THCH: nh tn t theo Bng 2 phi cng dn phn trm hm lng ht ca t nghin cu: Bt u t ccht ln hn 200 mm, sau l cc ht ln hn 10 mm, tip n l cc ht ln hn 2 mm ... Tn t ly theo ch tiuu tin c tha mn trong th t tn gi Bng 2.
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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Tn t hn ln v t ct theo no nc
no nc, G
t m 0 < G 0,5
m 0,5 < G 0,8
No nc 0,8 < G 1
2.3.3. PHN LOI T THEO TCVN 9362:2012
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
2.3.3. PHN LOI T THEO TCVN 9362:2012
Loi ct cht ca ctCht Cht va Ri
A. Theo h s rng (e)
Ct si th v th vaCt mn
Ct bi
e < 0,55e < 0,6
e < 0,6
0,55 e 0,70,6 e 0,75
0,6 e 0,8
e > 0,7e > 0,75
e > 0,8
B. Theo sc khng xuyn cn pt (MPa) khi xuyn tnhCt th v th va (khng ph thuc m)
Ct mn (khng ph thuc m)
Ct bi:
a) t m v m
b) No nc
pt > 15
pt >12
pt > 10
pt > 7
15 pt 5
12 pt 4
10 pt 3
7 pt 2
pt < 5
pt < 4
pt < 3
pt < 2
C. Theo sc khng xuyn cn quy c p (MPa) khi xuyn ngCt th v th va (khng ph thuc m) p > 11 11 p 3 p < 3Ct mn:
a) t m v m
b) No nc p > 8,5 8,5 p 2 p < 2Ct bi t m v m p > 8,5 8,5 p 2 p < 2CH THCH:
1. Khng cho php dng xuyn ng xc nh cht ca ct bi no nc.
2. Khi xuyn t, dng hnh nn c gc nh l 60 v ng knh l 36 mm xuyn tnh v 74 mm xuyn ng.lam.kxdkt@gmail.com96
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Loi t st Ch s do IP
-ct 0,01 Ip 0,07-st 0,07 Ip 0,17St Ip > 0,17CH THCH:
1. Khi trong t st c nhng ht ln hn 2 mm th thm vo tn gi Bng 6 t c cui (cdm) hoc c si (c sn) nu lng cha cc ht tng ng chim 15 % n 25 % theotrng lng v t cui (dm) hoc si (sn) nu cc ht ny cha trong t t 25 % n50 % theo trng lng.2. Khi loi ht ln hn 2 mm chim trn 50 % trng lng t th c xp vo t hn ln(xem 3.2).
2.3.3. PHN LOI T THEO TCVN 9362:2012
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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Tn t st theo ch s st Ch s st Is-ct:
- Cng Is 1-st v st:- Cng Is < 0- Na cng 0 Is 0,25- Do cng 0,25 Is 0,50
- Do mm 0,50 Is 0,75- Do nho 0,75 Is 1- Nho Is > 1
2.3.3. PHN LOI T THEO TCVN 9362:2012
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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Tnh cht Ht th Ht mn Hu c
Cc loi t
tng Bn Than bn
Cui St
CtDng ht Trn n gc cnh Bng Th
Kch thc ht Th Mn -
rng Thp Cao Cao
Tnh thm Cao Km n khng thm Thay i
Lc dnh gia cc ht Cao Thp Khng c n thp
Tnh do Khng Thp n cao Thp n trung bnhTnh p co Rt thp Trung bnh n rt cao Thng rt cao
Tc c kt Tc thi Trung bnh n chm Trung bnh n nhanh
2.4. PHN LOI T TI HIN TRNG
CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
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CHAPTER 2 PHN LOI T THEO MC CH XY DNG
2.5. PHN LOI T THEO TIU CHUN KHC
Phn loi theo BS 5930:1999
Phn loi theo ASTM D2487
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CHAPTER 3
CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CAT
TH NGHIM C TSOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
3.1. M HNH T
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3.2. CC CH TIU TNH CHT C BN NH NGHA THUT NG
PHN LOI V CC TNH CHT C L CA T CHAPTER 5
Water content (w) is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids.
Void ratio (e) is the ratio of the volume of void space to the volume of solids.
Porosity (n) is the ratio of the volume of void to the total volume of soil.
Degree of saturation (S) is the ratio of the volume of water to the volume of void.
Bulk unit weight () is the weight density, that is, the weight of a soil per unit volume.
Saturated unit weight (sat) is the weight of a saturated soil per unit volume.
Dry unit weight (d) is the weight of a dry soil per unit volume.
Effective unit weight () is the weight of soil solids in a submerged soil per unit volume.
Specific volume (V) is the volume of soil per unit volume of solids Specific gravity (Gs) is the ratio of the weight of the soil solids to the weight of water of equal
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Khong kh
Nc
Hat ran
Va
Vw
Vs
VvV
Wa
Ww
Ws
WWv
Pha Khoi lng Trong lng The tch
Qte VN Qte VN Qte VN
Ran(Soil) Ms Qh Ws Qh Vs Vh
Rong(Void) Mv Qr Wv Qr Vv VrNc Mw Qn Ww Qn Vw VnKh (Air) Ma Qk Wa Qk Va VkTong M Q W Q V V
3.2. CC CH TIU TNH CHT C BN K HIU
PHN LOI V CC TNH CHT C L CA T CHAPTER 5
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Ten goiKy hieu
Ten goiKy hieu
Qte VN Qte VNDung trong t nhien , w o am w w
Dung trong kho d k o bao hoa S G
Dung trong bao hoa sat bh He so rong e e
Dung trong ay noi n o rong n n
Trong lng rieng hat s h o cha khong kh Av Av
Ty trong hat Gs D Dung trong nc w n
3.2. CC CH TIU TNH CHT C BN K HIU
PHN LOI V CC TNH CHT C L CA T CHAPTER 5
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Ten Cong thc Ten Cong thc
Dung trongt nhien
o am
Dung trongkho
o baohoa
Dung trongbao hoa
He so rong
Dung trongay noi
o rong
Trong lngrieng hat
o chakhong kh
Ty tronghat
The tchrieng phan
VW
g
VWs
dg
VV.W vws
satg
g
VV.W
' sws g-
g
s
ss V
Wg
wss /G gg
s
w
WW
w
v
wr V
VS
s
v
VV
e
VV
n v
3.2. CC CH TIU TNH CHT C BN CNG THC THEO NH NGHA
PHN LOI V CC TNH CHT C L CA T CHAPTER 5
1)w1.(.G
e ws -g
g
1eds -gg
e
G.wS sre1
en
1d wgg a
v
v
Va
V
Air
WaterSoil Solid
Va
Vw
Vs
VvV
Wa=0
Ww
Ws
WWw
Volume Weight
' sat wg g g -'
s
VV
V
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3.3. MI QUAN H GIA CC CH TIU TH TCH RN N V
Air
Water
Soil Solid
Va
Vw
Vs
VvV
Wa=0
Ww
Ws
WWw
Volume Weight
AirWater
Soil Solid
Sr.e
1
eV =1+e
Wa
Sr.e.gw=w.Gs.gw
Gs.gw
(1+w).Gs.gw
Volume Weight
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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3.3. MI QUAN H GIA CC CH TIU TH TCH N V
Air
Water
Soil Solid
Sr.n
1-n
n1
Gsgw(1-n)
Gsgw(1-n)(1+w)
av.n
wGsgw(1-n)
Volume Weight
Air
Water
Soil Solid
Va
Vw
Vs
VvV
Wa=0
Ww
Ws
WWw
Volume Weight
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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PHN LOI V CC TNH CHT C L CA T CHAPTER 5
5.2.3. MI QUAN H GIA CC CH TIU
Moist unit weight () Dry unit weight (d)Saturated unit weight (sat)
w, Gs, e , w Gs, e
S, Gs, e Gs, e Gs, n
S, Gs, w S, Gs, w Gs, wsat
w, Gs, n Gs, n e, wsat
S, Gs, n e, w, S n, wsat
sat, e e, d
sat, n S, d
sat, Gs wsat, d
( )11
s ww G
e
g
( )
1s wG Se
e
g
( )1
1
s w
s
w G
wG
S
g
( )( )1 1s wG n wg -
( )1s w wG n nS g g-
1 w
g
1s wG
e
g
( )1s wG ng -
1
s w
s
G
wG
S
g
( )1weS
e w
g
1w
sat
e
e
gg -
sat wng g-
( )( )1
sat w s
s
G
G
g g-
-
( )1
s wG e
e
g
( )1s wG n n g -
( )11
sat s w
sat s
w G
w G
g
1
1sat
w
sat
we
w eg
1 satw
sat
wn
wg
1
d w
e
e
g g
11 d w
sGg g
-
( )1d sat wg lam.kxdkt@gmail.com112
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3.4. CC CH TIU TRNG THI
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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3.4.1. CHT TNG I (T RI)
Dr(%) 0 15 15 50 50 70 70 85 85 100
Trang thai Rat ri RiChat trung
bnhChat Rat chat
Bng trng thi t ri (theo Braja. M. Das) theo cht tng i
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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Bang trang thai at ri (theo tieu chuan Lien Xo)
D o chat cua at
0 D 0.33 Xop (ti)0.33 D 0.66 Chat va0.66 D 1 Chat
Loai ato chat
Chat Chat va Xop
Cat lan san, cat to, cat va e < 0.55 0.55 e 0.7 e > 0.7
Cat nho e < 0.6 0.6 e 0.75 e > 0.75
Cat bui e < 0.6 0.6 e 0.8 e > 0.8
3.4.1. CHT TNG I (T RI)
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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Bang trang thai at ri c xac nh theo th nghiem xuyen tieu chuan
SPT Standard Penetration Test (theo tieu chuan Lien Xo)
Tr so N D o chat cua at
1 4 0.2 Rat xop
5 9 0.2 0.33 Xop
10 29 0.33 0.66 Chat va
30 50 0.66 1 Chat> 50 > 1 Rat chat
3.4.1. CHT TNG I (T RI)
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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at hat tho (at ri)
Tr so N Trang thai cua at0 4 Rat xop4 10 Xop10 30 Chat va30 50 Chat
> 50 Rat chat
Bang trang thai at ri c xac nh theo th nghiem xuyen tieu chuan
SPT Standard Penetration Test (theo Peck va cong s Hoa Ky)
3.4.1. CHT TNG I (T RI)
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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3.4.2. GII HN ATTERBERG (T DNH)
PLLLPI -
Ch s do
Ch s nho
PLLL
PLwLI
--
Loai at wL Ipat cat wL < 35 Ip < 15
at bot wL > 20 5 < Ip < 25
at set wL > 30 Ip > 15
Ch so deo Ip Ten at
Ip < 1 at ri1 < Ip < 7 A cat7 < Ip < 17 A set
Ip > 17 Set
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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Ten at Ch so long IL Trang thai cua at
at a catIL < 0 Cng
0 IL 1 DeoIL > 1 Long
at a set va set
IL 0 Cng0 < IL 0.25 Na cng
0.25 < IL 0.5 Deo cng
0.5 < IL 0.75 Deo mem0.75 < IL 1 Deo chay
1 < IL Long
3.4.2. GII HN ATTERBERG (T DNH)
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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Tnh lng nc sch cn iu ch va st bentonite t 1 tn bt st c m 10%, t trng ht Gs = 2.75. Gi thit trng lng ring ca va stg = 11.5 kN/m3.
BI TP 13.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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wsat
wsat
n
nwa
gg
g
-)
)11
()sd
wsatwbgg
g -
Chng minh khi trng thi bo ha, m ca t bng:
BI TP 23.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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Mt mu t c dung trng t nhin l 16.5 kN/m3, w = 1 5 % , Gs = 2.70. Yu cu tnh:
1. Dung trng kh,gd.
2. rng, n.
3. bo ho, S
4. Khi lng nc cn thm vo mu t trng thi bo ho.
BI TP 33.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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Mt mu t c dung trng kh 17.5kN/m3, m w = 4%, t trng ht Gs = 2.65. Xc nh
trng lng nc cn thm vo c bo ho S = 95%.
BI TP 43.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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BI TP 53.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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BI TP 63.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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BI TP 73.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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BI TP 83.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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BI TP 93.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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BI TP 103.5. BI TP
CHAPTER 3 CC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA T
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CHAPTER 4
NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNHCHT
TH NGHIM C TSOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 4 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNH CHT
4.1. TH NGHIM XC NH M
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
- TCVN 4196:2012
- ASTM D2216
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH M CA T M HNH
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4.2. TH NGHIM XC NH TRNG LNG RING
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
- TCVN 4202:2012
- ASTM D7263
CHAPTER 4 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNH CHT
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH TRNG LNG RING CA T M HNH
VIDEO SAND CONE METHOD - I
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4.3. TH NGHIM XC NH T TRNG HT
- Sinh vin t nghin cu
- TCVN 4195:2012
- ASTM D854.
CHAPTER 4 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNH CHT
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4.4. TH NGHIM XC NH THNH PHN HT RY SNG
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
- TCVN 4198:2012
- ASTM D422
- BS 1377 Part II
CHAPTER 4 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNH CHT
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH THNH PHN HT CA T M HNH
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH THNH PHN HT CA T THC T
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10
60
D
DC
u
1060
2
30)(
DD
DC
g
4.4. TH NGHIM XC NH THNH PHN HT RY SNG
CHAPTER 4 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNH CHT
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4.4. TH NGHIM XC NH THNH PHN HT RY SNG
CHAPTER 4 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TNH CHT
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CHAPTER 5
NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIUTRNG THI
TH NGHIM C TSOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 5 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TRNG THI
5.1. TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN DO CA T
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Phng php xc nh gii hn chy kiu Va-xi-li-ep
Phng php xc nh gii hn chy theo phng php Casagrande
5.2. TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN CHY CA T
CHAPTER 5 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TRNG THI
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN CHY CA T M HNH
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN ATTERBERG CA T THC T I
VIDEO TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN ATTERBERG CA T THC T II
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5.2. TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN CHY CA T
CHAPTER 5 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TRNG THI
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5.2. TH NGHIM XC NH GII HN CHY CA T
CHAPTER 5 NHM TH NGHIM CC CH TIU TRNG THI
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CHAPTER 6
NHM TH NGHIM M CHT T
TH NGHIM C TSOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 6 NHM TH NGHIM M CHT T
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
- TCVN 4201:2012, 22 TCN 332:06
- ASTM D698, D1557, D1883, D4429
- BS 1377 Part IV
VIDEO TH NGHIM M CHT T M HNH
VIDEO TH NGHIM M CHT T THC T I
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CHAPTER 7
BIN DNG CA T
TH NGHIM C TSOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
- ln l g?
- nh hng n cng trnh?
- Cc loi ln?
Si
t
S
t100
Sc
SsSt
t
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** Assumptions for Consolidation theory
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** Some Key Words
- Degree of Consolidation: U%
- Coefficient of Consolidation: Cv
- Time Factor: Tv
%100*01
1
uu
uu
S
S
U
wt
-
-
2H
t
v
C
vT
wo
z
w
z
va
k
a
ekC
gg
.
)1( )(%v
TfU
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** Some Key Words
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
Si
t
S
t100
Sc
SsSt
t
**** Phases of Consolidation
- Initial compression.
- Primary consolidation.
- Secondary compression.
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** Curve - fitting procedures
- The log-time method.
- The square root time method
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** The log time method
( )242 U%
vT
v
T.)
vf(TU%
)/(*197.0
50
22
50
50 smmt
hh
t
TC
v
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** The square root time method
vv
v T
T.)f(TU% 128.12
)/(*848.0
90
22
90
90 smmt
hh
t
TC
v
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.1. CONSOLIDATION THEORY
**** Relative merits of the two methods
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2. TH NGHIM NN T C IM BIN DNG CA T KHI B NN
- Th nghim hin trng
- Bn nn hin trng
- Th nghim trong phng
- Th nghim nn khng n hng
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.1. TH NGHIM BN NN HIN TRNG
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.1. TH NGHIM BN NN HIN TRNG
VIDEO TH NGHIM BN NN HIN TRNG
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.1. TH NGHIM BN NN HIN TRNG
Sd
pO
ShS
p
A
BC
D
S
F
G S = Sd+ Sh
pO p
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.1. TH NGHIM BN NN HIN TRNG
P,
S
Pult,sult
k (cat tuyen)
k (tiep tuyen)
)()()/( 3
mSMPamMNk s
21
12
ssSk
-
-
sss
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.1. TH NGHIM BN NN HIN TRNG
- u im.
- Nhc im
- Cc nghin cu xc nh h s k sinh vin t nghin cu.
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
**** Tiu chun p dng
- TCVN 4200:2012.- ASTM D2435, D4186
- BS 1377 Part VI
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
**** Dng c th nghim:
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
**** Dng c th nghim:
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
**** Dng c th nghim:
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
1 2
34
5
6
7
7
8
b
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
a
5. ming kim loi tn lc
6. chuyn v k
1. mu t
2. vng cha mu
3. bt
4.
7. lc tc ng
**** Cu to hp nn + mu:
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
**** Quy nh chung th nghim:
- Quy nh v bo ha mu
- Quy nh v mu t th nghim.
- Quy nh v ti trng th nghim.
- Quy nh v cp ti trng
- Quy nh v thi gian th nghim.
- Quy nh v dng c th nghim
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
**** Cng tc chun b mu:
- i vi mu nguyn dng
- i vi mu khng nguyn dng
**** Quy trnh th nghim:
VIDEO TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
t
e1
e3
e
t1 t2
e2
p1
t
p
t1 t2
p2
p3101
.
.
0 -
D--
-
sh
hh
sh
h
sh
shh
sh
vh
shA
vhA
sV
vV
e
Tthai cuoi
eo
ef
t
Tthai au
Toc o nhanh
Toc o cham
e
eo
ef
po pf Log p
Tthai au
Tthai cuoi
e
eo
ef
po pf p
Tthai au
Tthai cuoi
e
FG
Wh
sw
ss ..g
11 0 -D-D--s
mn
s
ii
hhhh
hhe
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
eo
e1
p1 p4 p
e2e3
e4
e
p2 p3 p1 Log p
e
e1e2
p2 p3 p4
e3
e4
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
How To Draw Void RatioPressure Plots
Step 1: s sss w s w
W MH
AG AGg
Step 2: v sH H H -
Step 3: 0.
.v v v
s s s
V H A H e
V H A H
Step 4: 11 s
He
H
DD
Step 5:1 0 1
22 1 1 1
2
e e e
He e e e
H
- D
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
BI TP 1
Following are the results of a laboratory
consolidation test on a soil specimen obtainedfrom the field: Dry mass of specimen = 128 g,
height of specimen at the beginning of the test =
2.54 cm, Gs = 2.75, and area of the specimen =
30.68 cm2.
Make necessary calculations and draw an e
versus logs curve.
7.2.2. TH NGHIM NN KHNG N HNG
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.3. C IM BIN DNG CA NN T KHI B NN
Sd
pO
ShS
p
A
BC
D
S
F
G
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.2.5. CC NHN T NH HNG N BIN DNG LN CA T
- cht ban u ca t
- Tnh kt cu ca t
- Lch s chu nn ca t
- Tnh hnh tng ti
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.3. CC L THUYT BIN DNG LN
L thuyt nn bin dng tuyn tnh
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
Sp
Se
S (m)
O p (kN/m2)
13
4
2
L thuyt bin dng n hi cc b
L thuyt tng bin dng n hi
L thuyt hn hp
L thuyt tng qut
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.4. CC C TRNG BIN DNG CA T
3. H s nn tng i ao H s nn th tch mv
4. Module bin dng E0 (kg/cm2):
)1('1 11 e
e
e
ama vo
D
D-
s
)
1
21(
1 20
-
-vm
E
'
11
sD
e
va
HS 'sDv
mHS
s
0
2
0 1
21
'
E
phH
E
S
-
-D
Cc c trng bin dng ca t ph thuc vo cc cp ti trnglam.kxdkt@gmail.com194
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.4. CC C TRNG BIN DNG CA T
5. p lc tin c kt
s2
e1
e2
s1 Log p
Tthai au
Tthai cuoi
e
s1 Log p
e
e1e2
s2 s3 s4
e3
e4
Cs
Cc
sp
Ngun gc ca qu trnh c kt trc- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.4. CC C TRNG BIN DNG CA T
5. p lc tin c kt
ng nen nguyen thuy
trong ieu kien t nhienng n do quatrnh lay mau
ng nen do th nghiemco ket trong phong cua maunguyen dang
ng nen lai do th
nghiem co ket trong phong
ng n dogiam tai
sp
A
logsvc
e
D
C
B
F
E
O
ng co ket cuamau xao tron
Phng php xc nh p lc tin c kt
Phng php Casagrande
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
Hiu th no v p lc tin c kt
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.4. CC C TRNG BIN DNG CA T
5. p lc tin c kt
Hiu th no v p lc tin c kt
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.4. CC C TRNG BIN DNG CA T
s1 s2 logs
e
e1
e2ng nen
nguyen thuy
ng n va
nen lai
s1 s2 sp logs
eer1
er2
ng nennguyen thuy
ng nen lai
6. Ch s nn Cc, ch s n Cs
,1
,2
21s lglg eeC s-s -
,1
,2
21
loglog)(log sss -
-
DD-
eee
Cc
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.4. CC C TRNG BIN DNG CA T
7. T s tin c kt OCR
svo ng sut hiu qu do ti trng bn thn cc lp t
bn trn hin hu gy ra
* OCR < 1 t di c kt (UC)
* OCR = 1 t c kt thng (NC)
* OCR > 1 t c kt trc (OC)
'
vo
'p
OCR
s
s
p'1 p'2 Log p
e
e1
e2
Cs
Cc
sp
OC NC
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.2. D BO LN BNG CCH DNG KT QU BI TON NN MT CHIU
c. Phng php tng phn t
Ap lc ay mong u nho e vung bien dang deo trong nen khong phat trien qua ln Coi nenlam viec trong gii han an hoi
Tnh ap lc gay lun: pgl= p g.Df
Xac nh chieu day vung nen lun Ha:
sp 0.2sbt vi at co Module bien dang E5MPa
sp 0.1sbt vi at co Module bien dang E5MPa
Chia vung nen lun thanh cac phan to co chieu day nho hn 0.25 be rong mong coi S trong
cac phan to thay oi khong ang ke.Nen nhieu lp: Mat phan chia cac lp at trung mat chia cac phan to
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.2. D BO LN BNG CCH DNG KT QU BI TON NN MT CHIU
c. Phng php tng phn t
Tnh toan va ve bieu o S hu hieu do trong lng ban than va tai trong gay lun gay ra tai gia cac lp
phan to:sbt(i)= gi.hi = p1i he so rong e1icua cac phan to at trang thai ban au, khi cha ganh chu cong trnh.
sp(i)= k.(p g.Df) S do tai trong ngoai gay ra
p2i=sbt+sp S trong at sau khi ganh cong trnh he so rong e2icua cac phan to at.
S dung cac cong thc tnh lun cua bai toan 1 chieu tnh bien dang ng cua cac pha n to (S dung bieu oe p, e logp)
o lun cua mong la tong cac o bien dang ng cua cac phan to
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.2. D BO LN BNG CCH DNG KT QU BI TON NN MT CHIU
c. Phng php tng phn t
Dpi =sgl(i)
pgl
15
p1i =sbt(i)
p2i
Ha
eo
e1
p1 p4 p
e2e3e4
e
p2 p3
p1i p2i
e2i
e1i
p1 Log p
e
e1e2
p2 p3 p4
e3
e4
p1i
e1i
p2i
e2
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.2. D BO LN BNG CCH DNG KT QU BI TON NN MT CHIU
c. Phng php tng phn t
pgl
15
15
Vung nenlun khikhong xetay noi
Vung nenlun khi coxet ay noi
sbt khi khongxet ay noi
sbt khi coxet ay noi Nen xet co lc ay noi vi tat ca cac
loai at nam di MNNlam.kxdkt@gmail.com203
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.2. D BO LN THEO L THUYT BN KHNG GIAN N HI
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
7.6.3. D BO LN THEO PP LP TNG NG
- Sinh vin t nghin cu.
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.4. D BO LN THEO THI GIAN
a. c kt Ut
- c kt Ut l g?
t
tt
SSU
- ln ti thi im t?
ttt SUS .
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.4. D BO LN THEO THI GIAN
b. Phng php thc hnh
-
-
-
-
...e251
e91
e8
1U v
2
v
2
v
2
T4
25T
49
T4
2t
2H
tCT vv
wo
z
w
zv
a
k
.a
)e1(kC
g
g
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.4. D BO LN THEO THI GIAN
b. Phng php thc hnh
2H
tCT vv
wo
z
w
zv
a
k
.a
)e1(kC
g
g
-- ---
...125
1271321 4
254942
222
vvv TTT
t eeeU
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.4. D BO LN THEO THI GIAN
b. Phng php thc hnh
2H
tCT vv
wo
z
w
zv
a
k
.a
)e1(kC
g
g
--
--...
3
21
9
121
161 4
94
2
22vv TT
t eeU
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.4. D BO LN THEO THI GIAN
b. Phng php thc hnh
Tv(0-1)= Tv(0)+(Tv(1)- Tv(0))I0-1 Tv(0-2)= Tv(2)+(Tv(0) Tv(2))I0-2lam.kxdkt@gmail.com209
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CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
7.6.4. D BO LN THEO THI GIAN
b. Phng php thc hnh
Trng hp 0-1 Trng hp 0-2
I0-1 I0-20
0.10.20.30.40.50.6
0.70.80.9
1.00
00.840.690.560.460.360.27
0.190.120.060.00
11.523456
789
12
10.830.710.550.450.390.3
0.250.20.170.13
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 2
set
B
C
DE
F
A
G
3m
6m
cat
a
im A B C D E F G su (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
u (KPa) 0 13.4 23.22 26.82 23.22 13.4 0
CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 3
CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
Cho 1 nn t nh hnh v. Trn mt v y lp st l lp ct thot nc tt. Lp st bo ha v c
m W = 30%, Gs = 2.7, a = 0.002cm2/N, kv = 2*10-9cm/s. Biu ng sut do ti cng trnh gy ra
trong lp st nh hnh v. Tnh thi gian lp st t c kt l 96%
2m
cat
cat
set
18KPa
10KPa
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 4
CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
Cho 1 nn t st dy 6m c kt thm 1 chiu nh hnh v. Lp c m e0 = 0.8, cv = 144x103
cm2/nm, a = 0.0025cm2/N, kv = 2*10-9cm/s. Biu ng sut do ti cng trnh gy ra trong lp stnh hnh v. Tnh thi gian lp st c kt gn xong
6m
cat
set
300KPa
120KPa
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 5
CHAPTER 7 BIN DNG CA T
Nn t c p t gia ti trc cho lp st nh hnh v. Sau 1 thng gia ti ln ca lp st
l 100mm. Sau 2 thng gia ti ln ca lp st l 139.4mm
8m
cat
cat
set
100KPa
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 7
CHAPTER 7
Ti 1 nn t do iu kin cht ti gy ra p lc nc l rng thng d ban u trong lp st nh
hnh v. Tnh c kt trung bnh ca lp st ng vi Tv = 0.3. ui = 15- 1.5z-2sin(z/6)
6m
cat
cat
set
15KPa
6KPa
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 8
CHAPTER 7
Cho 1 nn t nh hnh v. Lp st bo ha nc c a0
= 0.045cm2/KG, lp ct c a0 = 0.0085cm2/KG1. Tnh c kt ca t nn ti cc im c su tnh
t mt t ln lt l 2m, 4m, 6m ti thi im c
kt trung bnh ca lp st l 50%:
2. Tnh ln ca t nn ti thi im ni trn bit tng
gc l khng ln:
q=120KPa
4m
6m
cat
cat
set
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 9
CHAPTER 7
Cho 1 nn t c lp st bo ha nc dy 6m nm trn 1 tng . Trn mt c ti phn b u khp
l q. Ta ly 1 mu t st c chiu cao 2cm em lm TN nn c kt vi ti tc dng l q. Sau 10 pht
mu t t c kt l 50%.
1. Tnh thi gian c kt cn thit lp st t c kt l 50%, xem tng l nt n v thot nc
tt:
2. Tnh thi gian c kt cn thit lp st t c kt l 80%, xem tng l khng thot nc:
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7.7. BI TP
BI TP 12
CHAPTER 7
p lc nn (N/cm2) 0 5 10 20 40
Chiu cao mu khi n nh (mm) 20 19.49 19.13 18.78 18.58
Kt qu nn khng n hng mt mu t bo ha cho trong bng sau:
Yu cu:- V ng cong p co (e - p)
- Xc nh h s p co a ng vi ti trng p = 15 N/cm2
- Chp nhn gi thit t l vt liu n hi vi h s poisson = 0.3, hy xc nh mdun n hi (E) ca t t
h s p co (a) ni trn.
Cho bit t trng ht ca t Gs = 2.72, m ca mu sau khi th nghim xong W = 30.51%.
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CHAPTER 8
SC CHNG CT CA T
SOIL MECHANIC LABORATORY
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CHAPTER 8
8.1. TNG QUAN V TNH BN V SC CHNG CT CA T
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8.1. TNG QUAN V TNH BN V SC CHNG CT CA T
a b c
N
WE
Mt trt
Mt trt
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8.1. TNG QUAN V TNH BN V SC CHNG CT CA T
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8.2. L THUYT SC CHNG CT CA T
Sc chng ct ca t bao gm hai thnh phn: ma st gia cc ht v lc dnh
gia cc ht t.
8.2.1. SC CHNG CT CA T RI
B A
Lc php tuyn
Lc tip tuyn
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8.2.1. SC CHNG CT CA T RI
B A
Lc php tuyn
Lc tip tuynd
DC
Lc php tuyn
Lc tip tuyn
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8.2.1. SC CHNG CT CA T RI
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8.2.1. SC CHNG CT CA T RI
Hien tng hoa long
Vi at ri bao hoa nc khi chu cat the tch lo rong giam. Neu nc thoat ra khong kp
th ap lc phap tuyen truyen len nc lo rong khi chu cat nhanh co the mat i sc
chong cat cua no hien tng hoa long.
Vi at cat chat co he so rong nho hn he so rong gii han khi b cat nhanh, nc lo
rong thoat ra khong kp c bu vao phan the tch lo rong gia tang nen khong co hientng ap lc phap tuyen truyen vao lo rong, do o, hien tng hoa long khong xay ra.
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8.2.2. SC CHNG CT CA T DNH
Lc ct
Lc php tuyn
A
Lc ct
Lc php tuyn
0
Thnh phn dnh
B
C
A
Thnh phn ma st
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8.3. NH LUT MORH - COULOMB
t=s = .tgj + c
Sc chng ct ca t ti mt im trn mt mt phng l mt hm tuyn tnh theo ng sutphp tuyn trn mt
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8.3. NH LUT MORH - COULOMB
ng bao chng ct Mohr
ng Mohr - Coulomb
c j
ng bao chng ct Mohrlam.kxdkt@gmail.com235
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8.3. NH LUT MORH - COULOMB
**** Nhng iu chnh b sung sau MORH - COULOMB
Cac nghien cu sau Morh Coulomb cho thay cac thong so chong cat c, jcon phu thuoc vao nhieuyeu to khac nh: trang thai S ban au, o am cua at, ieu ien thoat nc, ieu kien th
nghiem,Terzaghi:
Sc chong cat phu thuoc vao S phap hu hieu ch khong phai la S phap tong, v ch co phanS hu hieu mi phat sinh ma sat.
s S hu hieu
j goc ma sat noi tai cua at
c la lc dnh
''' ctgs js
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8.4. CC TH NGHIM XC NH THNG S CHNG CT CA T
**** Nhng kha cnh sc chng ct ca t cn quan tm
1. The shear resistance of free-draining non-cohesive soils (i.e. sands and gravels), which is virtually
independent of time.2. The drained shear strength of cohesive soils, which depends upon the rate of displacement being slow
enough to permit full drainage to take place during shear.
3. The long-term or residual drained shear strength of soils such as over-consolidated clays, for which a
slow rate of displacement and a large displacement movement are required.
4. The shear strength of very soft cohesive soils under undrained conditions, i.e. in which shearing is
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8.4. CC TH NGHIM XC NH THNG S CHNG CT CA T
Nhom cac th nghiem trong phong:
Nhom cac th nghiem hien trng:
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* Cc th nghim xc nh sc chng ct ca t u c hai giai on c bn:
* Giai on 1: Tc ng h lc ln mu tao trng thi S tng t nh mu t
th nm t nhin (tr th nhim nn n)* Giai on 2: Tc ng thay i p lc ln mu tng ng vi mu t hot
ng khi xy dng cng trnh
*UU
*CD*CU
8.4. CC TH NGHIM XC NH THNG S CHNG CT CA T
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8.4.1. CC TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Tiu chun p dng
- TCVN 4199:2012.
- ASTM D3090
- BS 1377 Part VIII
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8.4.1. CC TH NGHIM TRONG PHNG
8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIPHop cat Vong ng bien
Chuyen v ke
Tht di ong
Tht co nhMau at lam.kxdkt@gmail.com242
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Phn loi:
1. Quick test: is applicable to free-draining soils (i.e. sands), whether dry of fully saturated. Drained
condition apply in this test.2. Slow drained shear test applies to soils that are not free-draining and therefore require more time to
allow drainage to take place. In order to carry out a slow drained shear test, provision is made for the
specimen to be consolidated before shearing and for further drainage to take place during shear at a
suitably slow rate of displacement, so that the consolidated drained shear strength parameters can
be determined.
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Application of normal stress
** Loading yoke only
kgmL
m
and
kgL
m
or
mkNL
m
h)
9810.
(
9810.
/1000..81.9
2
1
2
2
2
-
s
s
s
** Loading yoke only
( ) )
( )a
cWW
a
bWWWW
or
cWWbWaWWaW
jbh
jbh
..
....
21
21
(kg/cm2)
m(kg)
0.25 6.75
0.5 12.5
0.75 20.25
1 25
1.5 37.5
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** How to calculate shear stress
2
2/1000*
.mkN
L
RCRt
VIDEO TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP M HNH
VIDEO TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP THC T I
VIDEO TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP M HNH II
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
chuyen v ngang (10-2 mm)
chuyenvng(10-2m
m)
(kPa)- Ct cht
Ct ri
Ct ri
Ct cht
nh
im un
**** Shear Strength of Dry and Saturated Sand
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Shear Strength of Clay
**Undrained Test on Clays: not available
**Drained Tests on Clays and Silts
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Residual Shear Strength
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Effect of Stress History
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Applications of Shear Strength Parameters
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Limitations of the Shearbox Test
SELF
STU
DY
SELFSTU
DY
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
**** Advantages of the Shearbox Test
SELF
STUDY
SELFSTU
DY
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8.4.1.1. TH NGHIM CT TRC TIP
Chiu cao: 2.00 cmTit din: 31.172 cm2
H s vng: 0.00442 KG/cm2/div.
p lc nn S c Lc ct, tKG/cm2 ln nht KG/cm2
0.50 112.0 0.4951.00 132.0 0.5831.50 167.0 0.738
j= 14040 c= 0.362 KG/cm2lam.kxdkt@gmail.com255
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
**** Tiu chun p dng
- TCVN 8868:2011.
- ASTM D2850, D4767, D7181
- BS 1377 Part VIII
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
Th nghim nn ba trc l th nghim tin cy nht xc nh cc c trng sc chng ct
ca t, v:
* M t xc thc nht mu t trong nhng iu kin chu ti trong t nn khi gnh cc
loi cng trnh khc nhau.
* C th m phng cc iu kin thot nc khc nhau ca t nn.
* C th xc nh ng thi cc c trng bin dng ca t nn ng thi vi cc ch tiu
sc chng ct
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
BC 1 BC 2 BC 4BC 3 lam.kxdkt@gmail.com260
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
Ct c kt thot nc (CD)
100max
tbHV fo
e
3
1
3
3
=
1-
3
+
Bien dang doctruc, DLLc ng, P
Ap lcbuong, 3
Ap lc nclo rong, u=0
The tch thayoi,DV
Mangcao su
Mau at
a tham
Van
Piston
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CD
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s1-s3Cat chat, set cng (OC)
+DV(n)
-DV(nen)
ea %
ea %
Cat chat, set cng (OC)
Cat ri, set mem (NC)
Cat ri, set mem (NC)
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CD
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Cong trnh ng suat chong cat CDThi cong cong trnh at ap tng lp thatcham tren nen set mem
ng suat chong cat tai cho co thoat ncsau khi a co ket
ap at vi s tham qua thng trc ng suat chong cat cua loi ap co thoatnc, sau khi a co ket
Mai doc t nhien hoac mai ao cua homong
ng suat chong cat tai cho co thoat nc,sau khi a co ket
D/ Mong nong tren nen set sau khi lun on
nh
ng suat chong cat tai cho co thoat nc,
sau khi a co ket
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CD
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
Ct c kt khng thot nc (CU)Bien dang doc
truc, DLLc ng, P
Ap lcbuong, 3
Ap lc nclo rong, u
The tch thayoi,DV=0
Mangcao su
Mau at
a tham
Van
Piston
3
1
3
3
=
1-
3
+
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at co ket thng (NC)
t
Vong tron MohrS hu hieu
s3 s1
c= 0
j > jCD
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
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NC
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
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at qua co ket (OC)
t
Vong tron MohrS hu hieu
s3 s1
c > 0
j > jCD
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
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OC
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
Th d 8.1.
Kt qu th nghim nn ba trc c kt khng thot nc mt mu t dnh c kt thng
cho trong bng sau:
p lc trong bung nn: sc = s3 (kPa) 100 200 300 lch ng sut cc hn: (s1f-s3) (kPa) 137 210 283p lc nc l rng khi mu b trt: uf(kPa) 28 86 147
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
Th d 8.2.
Kt qu th nghim nn ba trc c kt khng thot nc mt mu t dnh c kt trc cho
trong bng sau:
p lc trong bung nn: sc = s3 (kPa) 100 250 400 lch ng sut cc hn: (s1f-s3) (kPa) 340 410 474p lc nc l rng khi mu b trt: uf(kPa) -42 64 177
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
p lc trong bung nn: sc = s3 (kPa) 100 250 400 lch ng sut cc hn: (s1f-s3) (kPa) 340 410 474p lc nc l rng khi mu b trt: uf(kPa) -42 64 177
Th d 8.2.
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 200 400 600 800 1000
jcu =110
ccu = 121(kPa)
j = 270
c= 31(kPa)
t (t) (kPa)
s (s) (kPa)lam.kxdkt@gmail.com273
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
H s A v B ca Skempton:
Theo Skempton, trong th nghiem nen 3 truc khong thoat nc:
Du = B[Ds3+ A(Ds1-Ds3)]
3sDD ouB - HS ap lc nc lo rong trong qua trnh nen ang hng,
vi at bao hoa va khong chu nen: B=1
- He so ap lc nc lo rong trong qua trnh ap S lech
31
1
ss D-DD
u
AAB
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
Gia tr he so BLoai at S=100% S=99%
Cac loai set mem co ket thng 0,9998 0,986 cac loai set va at bot am chat cac loai set co ket trc nhe
0,9988 0,93
cac loai set cng co ket trc manh phan ln cac loai cat
0,9877 0,51
cac loai cat rat chat cac loai set rat cng ap lc chen bo ngang ln
0,913 0,10
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
Loai at set Afat set rat nhay T +0,75 en +1,50
at set co ket thng T +0,5 en +1at a set am chat T +0,25 en +0,75at set co ket trc nhe T 0 en +0,5Hon hp a at set am chat T 0,25 en +0,25at set co ket trc manh T 0,5 en 0Theo Skempton 1954
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
Th d 8.3.
Mt mu t trong th nghim nn ba trc, trc tin c kt vi p lc ng hng
trong hp nn l 600kPa, qu trnh thot nc c dng li khi p lc nc l rng
trong mu l 300kPa, cc vi thot nc c ng li v tng p lc trong hp nn
n 720 kPa, p lc nc l rng tng n 415 kPa. Sau , tng lc dc trc to
mt ng sut lch (D 1 -D 3) l 550 kPa trong khi vn gi nguyn gi tr p lc trong
hp nn, p nc l rng cui cng t n 562 kPa. Tnh cc h s p lc nc lrng A, B.
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Cong trnh va giai oan lam viec tngng
ng suat chong cat CU
A/ ap lp at tiep theo sau khi a chonen co ket hoan toan vi lp ap trc
cua cong trnh at ap, hoac gia tai tngcap trong gia tai trc
ng suat chong cat tai cho khong thoatnc, ngay sau khi ap lp sau va nen a
co ket hoan toan bi tai cua lp ap trc
B/ Xa nc ho cha nhanh. Loi khongtham cua ap cha kp thoat nc trongqua trnh thao ap
ng suat chong cat loi ap khong thoatnc, trong luc xa nhanh ho cha, sau khiloi a co ket hoan toan trong s thamthng trc
C/ Thi cong nhanh cong trnh at ap trensn doc ng suat chong cat ngay sau khi gia taikhong thoat nc, nen a co ket hoantoan bi trong lng ban than trc o
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - CU
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC
Ct khng c kt khng thot nc (UU)
s3 = sc
s1= scuc= uo+ sc
=
s1= -uo
+ s3= -uo
s3 = sc
s1= sc + Ds1uc= uo+sc+ADs1
=
1 = -uo- AD 1+D 1
+ 3=- uo-AD 1
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - UU
j
t
s, s
s3=gz
s13 s21fs11fs
23
tmax = cu ju = 0s = cUUjUU = 0
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Cong trnh va giai oan lam viec tngng
ng suat chong cat UU
A/ Thi cong nhanh cong trnh at ap tren
lp set mem
ng suat chong cat ngay sau khi gia tai
khong thoat nc, nen set mem cha coket hoan toan bi trong lng ban than(NC)
B/ ap at kch thc ln thi cong nhanh,o am cua loi khong kp thay oi.
ng suat chong cat khong thoat nc cualoi set am chat cua ap
C/ Mong nong thi cong nhanh tren nenset Sc chu tai phu thuoc ng suat chong catkhong thoat nc
8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC - UU
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8.4.1.2. TH NGHIM NN BA TRC NHN XT
jCD>jCU>jUU
cCD > cCU > cUU
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8.4.1.3. TH NGHIM NN N (UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST)
**** Tiu chun p dng
- ASTM D2166
- BS 1377 Part VII
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8.4.1.3. TH NGHIM NN N (UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST)
s3 = sc
s1= sc + Ds1uc= uo+sc+ADs1
=
1 = -uo- AD 1+D 1
+
3=- u
o-AD
1qu
t
s = cu= 0.5qucu = 0.5quju = 0
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8.4.3. CCH LA CHN CH TIU CNG CHNG CT
i vi t ct, khi ly c cc mu nguyn dng, gi tr gc ma st xc nh bng th
nghim trn my ct trc tip.
i vi t st, khi khng cho php ly mu nguyn dng, th ch tiu chng ct ca n cth xc nh bng my ct cnh ti hin trng. Nu t cho php ly mu nguyn dng th
gi tr cc tham s chng ct c th xc nh bng my nn ba trc hoc ct trc tip.
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8.4.4. CC YU T NH HNG N CNG CHNG CT CA T
Thnh phn khong, hnh dng v cp phi ht
p lc c hiu theo phng php tuyn
cht ban u ca t ct
m
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CHAPTER 9
TH NGHIM SPT
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9.1. NGUYN L TH NGHIM
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9 2 G C G
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9.2. DNG C V TRNH T TH NGHIM
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9.2. DNG C V TRNH T TH NGHIM - VIDEO
VIDEO TH NGHIM SPT M HNH
VIDEO TH NGHIM SPT THC T I
VIDEO TH NGHIM SPT THC T II
VIDEO TH NGHIM SPT THC T III
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9 2 DNG C V TRNH T