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SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
Chapter One Lesson Two: Chapter One Lesson Two: The Sociological PerspectiveThe Sociological Perspective
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James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. Henslin
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Tradition vs. Science
Emerged mid-1800s
Grew Out of Social Upheaval
Rethinking of Social Life
The Success of Natural Sciences
Origins of SociologyOrigins of Sociology
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 3
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Applying the Scientific Method
to Social World
Coined the Term “Sociology”
“Armchair Philosophy”
Auguste Comte and PositivismAuguste Comte and Positivism
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 4
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Second Founder of Sociology
Lower and Higher Forms of Society
Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest”
Herbert Spencer - Social DarwinismHerbert Spencer - Social Darwinism
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 5
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Engine of Human History is Class Conflict
The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat
Marxism Not the Same as Communism
Karl Marx and Class ConflictKarl Marx and Class Conflict
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 6
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Got Sociology Recognized as
Separate Discipline
Studied How Social Forces
Affect Behavior
Identified “Social Integration” -
Degree to Which People are Tied
to Social Group
Emile Durkheim and Social IntegrationEmile Durkheim and Social Integration
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 7
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 8
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Religion and the Origin of Capitalism
Religion is Central Force in Social
Change
Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism
Max Weber and the Protestant EthicMax Weber and the Protestant Ethic
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 9
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Sociology Should be Value-Free
Sociology Should be Objective
Research Should Involve Replication
Goals and Uses of Sociology
Values in Sociological ResearchValues in Sociological Research
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Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 11
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
WeberVerstehen - “To Grasp by Insight”Importance of Subjective Meanings
DurkheimStressed Social FactsExplain Social Facts with Other Social Facts
How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together
Verstehen and Social FactsVerstehen and Social Facts
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 12
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Attitudes of the Time1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined
Few People Educated Beyond Basics
Harriet MartineauPublished Society in America Before
Durkheim and Weber Were Born
Her Work was Ignored
Sexism in Early SociologySexism in Early Sociology
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Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis
Jane Addams and Social Reform W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills:
Theory vs. Reform Continuing Tension and Rise of
Applied Sociology
Sociology in North AmericaSociology in North America
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 14
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective