Post on 17-Jan-2018
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SOCIETIES AND EMPIRES OF AFRICA
NORTH & CENTRAL AFRICA3 TYPES OF SOCIETY DEVELOP…
1. Hunting- Gathering Societies: semi-nomadic, lived by gathering foods and hunting animals.
NORTH & CENTRAL AFRICA 3 TYPES OF SOCIETY DEVELOP…
2. Stateless Societies: no centralized power, authority balanced among lineages
NORTH & CENTRAL AFRICA 3 TYPES OF SOCIETY DEVELOP…
3. Muslim States: God’s law higher authority than any human law
- Almoravid and Almohad
WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS: GHANA• By AD 200 trade across
Sahara existed for centuries• By AD 700, Empire of
Ghana had formed and begun to tax this trans-Saharan trade• Gold and Salt
• Ruler acted as religious leader, chief judge, and military commander• 1076, Muslims had
completed their conquest of Ghana
WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATION: MALI
• By 1235, Mali emerged • Sundiata – Mali’s 1st great
mansa (emperor) • Took over Ghana• Great leader• Promoted agriculture• Reestablished gold/salt
trade
WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATION: MALI
• Mansa Musa ruled 1312-1332• Skilled military leader• royal control over gold/salt
trade• 100,000 man army• Doubled size of empire• Went on his hajj to Mecca
from 1324-1325• Ordered new mosques build• Timbuktu became very
important city, wide attractions • Successors weak leaders
WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATION: SONGHAI
• As Mali lost power, Songhai emerged• Gained control of the trade
routes• Despite wealth and power,
lacked modern weapons• Collapse of Songhai empire
ended a 1000 year period of strong African empires.
WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS • City States developed in
other parts of West Africa• Muslim traditions
influenced some of these, while others held their traditional African beliefs.• Hausa• Yoruba• Benin
EAST COAST TRADE CITIES• Important trade cities• Swahili language• Grew wealthy by
controlling all incoming and outgoing trade• In 1448, the Portuguese
took control of many port cities on the coast and kept them for two centuries
SOUTHERN AFRICA: GREAT ZIMBABWE
• Area good for farming and cattle raising• After 1000, gained control of important trade routes• Abandoned by 1450, no one knows why