Post on 24-Dec-2015
Social Institutions
Social Institutions
The Government
The Government
Politics And Authority
Politics And Authority
Politics And Power
Politics And Power
The Economy
The Economy
Capitalism And Socialism
Capitalism And Socialism
Ideal Types Of Political-Economic Systems
Ideal Types Of Political-Economic Systems
The MediaThe Media
Functions Of Mass Media
Functions Of Mass Media
GatekeepingGatekeeping
An Organized and Established Social
System That Meets One Or More Of A Society’s
Basic Needs
What S
ocie
ties
What S
ocie
ties
Need To
Survive
Need To
Survive
• • Replace Its Members
Replace Its Members::
Groups do this through procreation,
Groups do this through procreation,
conversion, or immigration
conversion, or immigration
• • Teach New Recruits
Teach New Recruits::
Groups do this through education,
Groups do this through education,
indoctrination, or informal interaction.
indoctrination, or informal interaction.
• • Produce/Distribute Goods
Produce/Distribute Goods::
Groups must satisfy members’ needs or face
Groups must satisfy members’ needs or face
discontent and disorder.
discontent and disorder.
• • Preserve Order:
Preserve Order:
Groups protect their members from both
Groups protect their members from both
internal and external threats.
internal and external threats.
• • Provide A Sense Of Purpose:
Provide A Sense Of Purpose:
Groups help members understand their value
Groups help members understand their value
to the society, providing motivation for them
to the society, providing motivation for them
to continue as members of it..
to continue as members of it..
Funct
ion O
f
Funct
ion O
f M
ajo
r In
stit
uti
ons
Majo
r In
stit
uti
ons
• • PoliticsPolitics::Maintains law and order, passes
Maintains law and order, passes
legislation, and forms military
legislation, and forms military
groups for internal/external defense.
groups for internal/external defense.
• • The Economy
The Economy::Organizes a society’s development,
Organizes a society’s development,
production, distribution, and
production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services.
consumption of goods and services.
• • MediaMedia::Enables and influences
Enables and influences
communication between individuals
communication between individuals
and group, socializes members and
and group, socializes members and
enforces social norms, promotes
enforces social norms, promotes
consumption of goods and services
consumption of goods and services
Politics And AuthorityPolitics And Authority
Max Weber
Power is the ability to
achieve your will even
against the resistance of
others.
Authority is power which
followers consider
legitimate
TraditionalRational-LegalCharismatic
GovernmentGovernment: The organization that exercises authority and steers decision-making in a specific community. It holds a monopoly on the legitimate use of force against what it perceives as external and internal threats to its territory.
MonarchiesMonarchies – headed by a single person who inherits the position
Traditional/Absolute: leaders control unconditional powerConstitutional: leaders have a mostly symbolic role
Dictatorships Dictatorships – headed by self-appointed leaders
Oligarchies Oligarchies – headed by a small group of “elite” individuals– headed by a small group of “elite” individuals
DemocraciesDemocracies – headed by leaders selected through electionsDirect democracy: citizens directly vote their willRepresentative democracy: citizens elect delegates who “vote
their will”VOTER TURNOUT IN RECENT FEDERAL VOTER TURNOUT IN RECENT FEDERAL
ELECTIONSELECTIONSLegislative PresidentialUnited States (2010) 42% United States (2008) 70%Cuba (2008) 97% France (2012) 80%Germany (2009) 71% Russia (2012) 69%United Kingdom (2010) 66% Mexico (2012) 63%
Politics And PowerPolitics And PowerPluralist (R Dahl)Political power is fragmented among many competing groups constantly negotiating to get their way.
Power Elites (C Mills)Political power is concentrated in the hands of a small dominant group of business, government, and military leaders.
Class Domination (W Domhoff)Political power is concentrated in the hands of the rich who own or control a large share of the nation’s economic resources
LobbyistsLobbyists
LegislatorsLegislators
Local LeaderLocal Leaders
Unorganized, Exploited Unorganized, Exploited MassesMasses
Corporate RichCorporate RichExecutive BranchExecutive BranchMilitary LeadersMilitary Leaders
Politics And EconomicsPolitics And EconomicsCAPITALICAPITALI
SMSMEconomic Economic
system that system that emphasizes emphasizes
privateprivate ownership of ownership of the means of the means of production. production. Incentive? Incentive?
Personal ProfitPersonal Profit
SOCIALISSOCIALISMM
Economic Economic system that system that emphasizes emphasizes
publicpublic ownership of ownership of the means of the means of production. production. Incentive? Incentive?
Public GoodPublic Good
Capitalist DemocracyCapitalist Democracypolitical liberty, political liberty, private ownership, private ownership, some state some state intervention in intervention in economyeconomy
United StatesUnited States
Authoritarian Authoritarian CapitalismCapitalismfew political liberties, few political liberties, private ownership, private ownership, some state-run some state-run enterprisesenterprises
ChinaChinaDemocratic SocialismDemocratic Socialismpolitical liberty, public political liberty, public ownership, high state ownership, high state intervention in intervention in economyeconomy
NorwayNorway
State SocialismState Socialismfew political liberties, few political liberties, largely centralized largely centralized state-run economystate-run economy
North KoreaNorth Korea
CAPITALISCAPITALISMM
SOCIALISSOCIALISMM
DEMOCRATIDEMOCRATICC
AUTHORITARAUTHORITARIANIAN
The Functions Of Mass MediaThe Functions Of Mass Media
Agent Of SocializationAgent Of Socialization
Enforcer of Social Enforcer of Social NormsNorms
Conferral of StatusConferral of Status
Promotion of Promotion of ConsumptionConsumption
““Narcotizing Narcotizing Dysfunction”Dysfunction”
Providing so much coverage that we Providing so much coverage that we become numb and fail to act on the become numb and fail to act on the
informationinformation
GatekeepingGatekeeping