Post on 25-May-2018
Small Waste Water Treatment
Plants WWTP
Technical aspects and cost
estimation of pilot plants
Indira Sulejmanagić
Sanja Bosiljčić Pandur
WWTP and Sewerage System
• In BiH, inadequate attention was given to protection of waters in
the past.
• This situation was additionally aggravated by infrastructural
damages, that occurred due to war activities (during the period
1990-1995), and inappropriate repair and maintenance services,
caused by difficult financial situation of public utility companies.
• Percentage of population connected to the sewerage systems in
urban areas (cities and settlements > 10,000 inhabitants) is about
56%.
• Generally, the smaller, rural settlements have no sewerage
system. Some of them, that have a sewerage system for collection
of waste waters, usually are without the waste water treatment.
That means that the untreated effluent is discharged into
recipients, what present a serous threats against for human health.
The key problems of waste water treatment plants / WWTP in the
whole Bosnia and Herzegovina are as follows:
• Most of the planned wastewater treatment plants are not built,
neither were reconstructed;
• The existing WWTP are under-maintained (due to low water price -
insufficient for functionality costs of a simple water system), and
they lose their planned efficacy, quite fast;
• Even in towns and settlements that have a WWTP, insufficient
inhabitants are connected to facilities.
WWTP and Sewerage System
• Thanks to international organizations and programs funds (World
Bank, KfW, EIB, EBRD, IPA, SIDA), as well as local participation of
municipalities and financing from Environmental Protection Fund
FB&H, current construction level / situation of WWTP is improved.
So far, a number of facilities is built or reconstructed, which have
already been put into operation, such as: Živinice 25.000 PE,
Srebrenik 18.000 PE, Bijeljina 40.000 PE, Trebinje 16.000 PE,
Bileća 5.000 PE, Ljubuški 6.000 PE, Čitluk 7.000 PE, Žepče 6.000
PE, Trnovo 5.000 PE, Odžak 10.000 PE.
• Plants in Sarajevo 600,000 PE and Konjic 5,000 PE are in test
operation phase.
• The construction of the facilities for the city of Mostar and Bihac
(100,000 and 55,000 PE) is in implementation, and WWTP for
settlements Tomislavgrad and Siroki Brijeg (each 10,000 PE) are in
preparation phase (for the works).
WWTP and Sewerage System
Definition and Classification
• The result of wastewater treatment is the removal of harmful
substances from the water and thus is achieved / provided a
certain required sanitary, chemical, ecological and aesthetic
quality of natural recipients.
• Facilities by size: for large and medium cities and small towns
and villages.
• Plant size for smaller towns and villages: up to 50 PE and
between 50 and 5,000 PE (in rare cases up to 10,000 PE).
Technological Scheme
Pre-treatment
1. Stage
2. Stage or biological
treatment
3. Stage
Disinfection
primary sludge
secondary
sludge
Discharge of treated
water
Waste from grids,
sand, gravel, fat
Sludge treatment
N and P
Pathogenic organisms
Organic substances
The level of
treatment Isolated
substances
1. Stage primary sludge
• The usual purification technology / waste water treatment includes:
Investment Costs - Conventional
Plant
Investment Cost WWTP
€/PE
Size (PE)
With a receiving station
for waste water from
septic tanks
Without a receiving station
for waste water from
septic tanks
Small Settlements
• In smaller settlements there is the problem of lack of professional
staff and limited financial resources
• The advantage of plants wherein the:
• Energy consumption is small or a zero
• Operation and maintenance are simple
• The efficiency and continuous work are good and at
extremely high variations of flow and level of influent's
load
• Small or no sludge production and its simple treatment
• The smaller WWTP that meet these requirements are classified as
so-called. unconventional
• GEF - Project of water quality protection
• Feasibility study on the implementation of
natural treatment procedures of urban waste
water of small towns and settlements on
territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• The objectives of this study were:
1. to develop the proposals for improving
wastewater management through the
implementation of „NTC" - technology
2. to identify the optimal strategies for the need
"NCT" - technology wastewater treatment with
regard to natural, social, cultural, economic,
institutional and climatic aspects and other
features
3. to create a long-term and short-term investment
plans for waste water treatment plants, based
on the application of "NCT" - technology
4. to identify the pilot projects of waste water
treatment with a low cost / low energy
consumption in various typical areas of Bosnia
and Herzegovina
As pilot projects, the following settlements
were selected:
• Velagići+Hadžići (Applied Technology:
Hybrid artificial wetlands with the
removal of nutrients), Municipality of
Ključ, FB&H
• Grborezi (Applied Technology: Hybrid
artificial wetlands with the removal of
nutrients), Municipality of Livno, FB&H
• Orahova (Applied Technology:
Trickling filter), Municipality of
Gradiška, RS
Study of unconventional technologies
and Pilot projects
Investment Costs
Investment costs per PE for some types of small plants
700 €/PE
0 PE 2.000 PE 4.000 PE 6.000 PE 8.000 PE 10.000 PE
Plant size
The stabilizing wetlands
The artificial wetlands
Hybrid artificial wetlands
Rotating biological
contactors
600 €/PE
500 €/PE
400 €/PE
300 €/PE
200 €/PE
100 €/PE
0 €/PE
Trickling filters
Operation and Maintenance Costs
Annual operation and maintenance costs / PE
700 €/PE
600 €/PE
500 €/PE
400 €/PE
300 €/PE
200 €/PE
100 €/PE
0 €/PE
0 PE 2.000 PE 4.000 PE 8.000 PE 6.000 PE 10.000 PE
The stabilizing wetlands
The artificial wetlands
Hybrid artificial wetlands
Rotating biological
contactors
Trinkling filters
Plant size
Preliminary design of WWTP for
settlement Grborezi, Municipality of Livno
GENERAL:
• Responsible persons and residents
were very interested for the project
• The proposed settlement is located
in a karst area, Livno field, that has
a size of 30,000 hectares, and is
one of the largest in Europe
• Sensitive area - the area of karst
• The water from the Livno field is
used in the Republic of Croatia for
drinking
• Residents of the settlement
Grborezi participated with 50% of
funds in the investment for
construction of sewage system
• Climate: mountain
• The whole settlement Grborezi
counts of 800 residents
• The settlement has no industry
SEWERAGE SYSTEM:
• Two phases of construction of the sewage system have
been completed, that includes the main collector and
several secondary collectors construction
• The sewage system is separate. The main collector
(3,000 m, DN 300) is currently finishing in a septic tank
• Recipient is the irrigation canal, that is over the year
mostly dry
• The existing sewage system is designed for the 1200
PE
LOCATION OF WWTP:
• There is a potential location for the wastewater
treatment plant in the field called „Podovi„
• The site is in private ownership, but according to
information received from inhabitants solving this issue
should not be a problem because the owner is willing to
cooperate
• The high level of ground water (approx. 80 cm in
winter), filling of the terrain is necessary
Taking into consideration the local conditions for settlement
Grborezi, the following technological scheme has been chosen:
Mechanical treatment: screening, gravity longitudinal sand
tank - grid chamber and septic tank reconstructed in to the
primary sedimentation tank;
Chemical treatment: flocculation to eliminate the total
phosphorus;
Biological treatment: hybrid artificial wetlands, stabilization
tank;
Sludge: Primary sludge form the primary sedimentation tanks
is taken into silo/tank.
For further treatment of sludge is planned that the sludge
should be taken on fields used for topsoilin;.
Because of the required conditions of effluent quality at the
outflow, the proposed solution involves tertiary treatment
purification.
Predložena lokacija budućeg postrojenja
Rešetka Pjeskolov VSSF VSSF Efluent
W3
The proposed location of the plant
Screen Grid chamber
Hybrid artificial wetlands
Hybrid artificial wetlands
Effluent
Preliminary design of WWTP for
settlement Grborezi, Municipality of Livno
INVESTMENT COSTS
Investment costs are taken from the priced bill of
quantities and in total are estimated at 327,353.85 €.
Note: The total value of the investment costs does
not include costs of design documents of a higher
level, as well as VAT.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
The operation costs include the costs of energy
consumption, costs of chemicals, costs of waste
disposal from the grid and of sludge, as well as
personnel costs (for plant maintenance) and the same
are assessed on an annual basis to 29.894 € / year.
Preliminary design of WWTP for
settlement Grborezi, Municipality of Livno
GENERAL:
• Velagići / Hadžići is the second largest
settlement in the municipality of Ključ with
about 2,350 inhabitants
• Climate: medium continental
• The proposed settlements are in the area of
karst
• WWTP Velagići+Hadžići: 2.200 PE
• Sewerage systems of these settlements are
designed as two separate units and in the
current project proposes there are two smaller
plants for wastewater treatment
• The population is mainly engaged in
agriculture, and there is less wood industry
SEWERAGE SYSTEM:
• In LC Velagići there are two separate, newly
constructed sewage systems, because area of
local community is divided into two basins,
streams Točine and Vojića potok. Both
systems are designed for a total of about
3,500 PE, up to the end of the planning period
(planning period is 25 years).
• The recipient is stream Točine, that
disappears underground. It is assumed that
the water appears again, at sources along the
river Sana.
LOCATION OF WWTP:
• The municipality has offered a potential
location for NCT plant. It is located upstream
of the abyss, in the valley of stream Točina.
• Outflow / discharge in a sensitive area (abyss)
Preliminary design of WWTP for settlement
Velagići-Hadžići, Municipality of Ključ
Taking into consideration the local conditions for
settlements Velagići and Hadžići, the following
technological scheme has been chosen:
• Mechanical treatment: inlet pumping station,
screening, aerated grid chamber and Imhoff
tank
• Chemical treatment: flocculation to eliminate
the total phosphorus;
• Biological treatment: hybrid artificial wetlands,
stabilization tank;
• Sludge: Primary sludge form the Imhoff tank,
is further processed in the same in the part
representing digestion compartment. From
Digestion compartment, sludge is discharged
on fields used for topsoiling of sludge.
Due to the required outflow effluent
quality requirements, the proposed
solution involves
tertiary treatment of purification.
Predložena lokacija budućeg postrojenja
Rešetka Pjeskolov VSSF VSSF Efluent
W3
The proposed location of the plant
Screen Grid chamber
Hybrid artificial wetlands
Hybrid artificial wetlands
Effluent
Preliminary design of WWTP for settlement
Velagići-Hadžići, Municipality of Ključ
INVESTMENT COSTS
Investment costs are taken from the priced bill of
quantities and in total are estimated at 520.890,75 €.
Note: The total value of the investment costs does not
include costs of design documents of a higher level,
as well as VAT.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
The operation costs include the costs of energy
consumption, costs of chemicals, costs of waste
disposal from the grid and of sludge, as well as
personnel costs (for plant maintenance) and the same
are assessed on an annual basis to 30.444 €/year.
Preliminary design of WWTP for settlement
Velagići-Hadžići, Municipality of Ključ
Financial needs for potential NCT in
selected targeted areas
• According to the ranking (rating list) of priorities, through NCT
study were identified 670 potential non-conventional plants, with a
capacity between 500 and 10,000 PE.
• Total amount of investment required for the potential NCT in B&H
is about 530 mil.KM (270 mil. of EUR).
• Annual operating and maintenance costs, for all identified NCT
plants, are estimated at 43 million. KM (22 mil. of EUR).
COOPERATION
"Ecoremediation for protection of the environment and
development of the Una-Sana Canton" is a project worth
391,166.00 KM, that is implemented by the Center for
International Cooperation in Developing - CMRS, of Republic of
Slovenia and the Environmental Protection Fund of FB&H.
The result of the project is installed pilot device of this type,
within the area of the Biotechnical Faculty of Bihać.
Conclusions
• There is a Study about the applicability of NTC plants, and Bosnia and
Herzegovina has the basic planning document, and within the same, the
guidelines for solving of wastewater collection and treatment problems in
smaller settlements;
• The financial situation in B&H, especially in small rural settlements is not
favorable / good, thus investment in projects of waste water treatment, in terms
of survival for population in smaller towns, does not present top of priorities of
smaller communities;
• From the aspect of basic living conditions insurance, and according to
experience in the field, it is concluded that residents and local communities are
aware of the importance and needs for projects implementation, and for the
same they expressed significant interest.
Conclusions
• Solutions:
Technical assistance provide by foreign consultants
Obtaining financial resources through EU funds and pre-accession
financing programs
Establishment of a new, suitable financial mechanisms for projects
financing, with support of EU partners
Small Waste Water Treatment Plants WWTP
Technical aspects and cost estimation of pilot plants
Indira Sulejmanagić
indira.sulejmanagic@fzofbih.org.ba
Sanja Bosiljčić Pandur
sanja.pandur@fzofbih.org.ba