Skin

1. Structure (diagram)

2. Functions

3. Skin types

4. Skin conditions

5. Contraindications to facial

6. Skin analysis

Skin layers

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis)

Layers of epidermis

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Germinativum

Epidermis

Come

Lucy

Granny’s

Spinning

Germs

Epidermis• Stratum Germinativum• living, reproducing layer

• Stratum Spinosum• Cells change shape, become ’prickly’, still reproducing

• Stratum Granulosum• Cells harden, start to keratinize

• Stratum Lucidum• Clear layer, cells are dead

• Stratum Corneum• Cells are dead and scaly

Dermis

• Nerves

• Blood and lymph capillaries

• Arrector pili muscle

• Sweat glands

• Sebaceous glands

• Collagen fibres

• Elastin fibres

Hypodermis / Subcutaneous layer

• Contains fatty tissue

• Helps to keep the body warm

• Helps to protect deeper structures

Skin functions

• Sensation• Heat regulation• Absorption• Protection • Excretion • Secretion

SHAPES

Skin functions

• Sensory nerve endings react to stimuli such as hot, cold, touch, pain• Sensation• Surface blood vessels constrict or dilate• Heat regulation

• Some fatty substances penetrate into the skin• Absorption

• Anti bacterial action of sweat and sebum• Protection

• Waste substances are removed in sweat• Excretion• Sebum is secreted• Secretion

Skin types

• Oily skin

• Looks sallow and dull

• Open or large pores• Thick texture• Papules or pustules

present

Dry skin

• Matt appearance• Small pores• Prone to milia and

fine lines• Prone to broken

capillaries• May be flaky

Combination skin

• A combination of oily and dry characteristics

• Mainly oily across nose, forehead and chin

• Dry on cheeks

Skin conditions

• Sensitive• Seborrhoeic (extremely oily)• Comedones• Poor elasticity• Wrinkles• Uneven pigmentation• Broken capillaries• Dehydrated• Milia

Key things to look for in skin analysis

• Colour, glowing or dull• Texture, fine or coarse• Pore size, large or small• Tone, firm and elastic or sagging• Shiny?• Lines, fine or deep• Irregularities, scars or moles • Broken capillaries

Contraindications/restrictions

• Bruises

• Severe eczema or psoriasis

• Recent scar tissue

• Cuts and abrasions

• Hypersensitive skin

Skin disease

• Any abnormal condition of the skin

• All diseases can be attributed to causes , known or unknown that include heredity , environment, infection or diet

Skin infection

This is the invasion of the skin by microorganisms

• Bacteria

• Virus

• Fungus

Skin disorder

The disruption of normal skin function

• This may include conditions such as psoriasis whereby skin cells reproduce too quickly

Contraindications to facial

• Herpes simplex

(viral infection)

Herpes zoster

• Viral infection

Common wart

• Viral infection

Flat wart

• Viral infection

Contraindications

• Impetigo

(bacterial infection)

Boil (furuncle)

• Bacterial infection of a hair follicle

Carbuncle

• Bacterial infection of hair follicles

Pseudo folliculitis

Contraindications

• Conjunctivitis

(bacterial infection)

Contraindications

• Sty

(bacterial infection of lash follicle)

Contraindications

• Ringworm

(fungal infection)

Tinea corporis

Tinea capitis

Tinea versicolour

Contraindications

• Inflamed acne

Acne vulgaris

Acne rosacea

Contraindications

• Sun burn

Contraindication / restriction

• Skin tags

Contraindication

• Swollen lymph nodes

Scabies

• infestation

Hyper pigmentation/chloasma

Chloasma

Hypo pigmentation/vitiligo

Vitiligo

Freckles /ephilides

Lentigo

Albinism

Keloids

Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra(flesh moles)

Spider naevi

Capillary naevi/strawberry mark

Port wine stain

Eczema

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales. The condition is not infectious.

Dermatitis

Allergic reaction

Allergic reaction

Thickened Stratum Corneum