Skeletal System Overview

Bones are alive

These are dead bones These are living bones

Bones are alive

Living bones: Form Grow Repair Remodel Move at joints (with

help from muscles)

Skeletal System Overview – Structure

System = Skeletal

Organs = Bones + Joints Newborns have 270 individual bones Adults have 206 individual bones Joints include bone, muscle, tendons,

ligaments and cartilage

Tissues = Connective Bone = compact bone; spongy bone Cartilage = hyaline cartilage;

fibrocartilage Tendons and ligaments = dense

Skeletal System Overview – Functions

Movement Involves (2) or more bones at joints Variety of joint types provides a variety of

movement types

Protection Skull and ribs

Support You would be an ameoba without it

Mineral Storage Stores calcium required by nerves and muscles

Blood Cell Formation In bone marrow

Skeletal System – Normal Function

Skeletal System

Normal Function

Support

Protection

Movement

Mineral Storage

Blood Cell Production

Skeletal System Unit

Normal Physiology Bones – Anatomy and Physiology Joints – Anatomy and Physiology

Abnormal Physiology Case Study: Osteoporosis Orthopedic Knee Problem Project

Ligament Injury Cartilage Injury Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis

Skeletal System- Abnormal Function

Skeletal System

Abnormal Function

InjuryBone Joint

DiseaseInfectionCancerGenetic

EnvironmentalDevelopmental

No/LimitedMovement

SupportProtection

Mineral StorageBlood Cells

Skeletal System Abnormalities - Injury

Bone Fractures – simple or compound Loss of support and movement

Ligament – tear or strain Loss of joint stability

Cartilage – tear Loss of joint stability Interferes with normal movement

Skeletal System Abnormalities – Disease

Cancer Abnormal Cell Growth Damages bone

structure Can spread to other

tissues

Skeletal System Abnormalities – Developmental

Joint Formation Lumbosacral agenesis Improper vertebral joints

impair movement

Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic/Environmental

Scoliosis Abnormal curvature of

spine Caused by multiple

factors Produces painful/limited

movement

Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic/Environmental

Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune disease

– body attacks its own tissues

Damages joint tissue Pain and abnormal

structure interferes with normal movement

Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic

Dwarfism Abnormal skeletal growth 20+ different forms of

dwarfism Genetic cause

Skeletal System Abnormalities – Multiple Causes

Osteoporosis ‘Pores in the bone’ Caused by loss of

calcium-based matrix Weakened bones are

more prone to fracture Aging, diet and various

diseases can be the cause