Post on 11-Jan-2016
Skeletal System
General Facts
# of bones in the body: ???
206
Bones : many different shapes and sizes
General Facts: (continued)
• Framework
• Movement
• Storage of nutrients
• Protection
• Blood production
Spongy Bone
Medullary Canal
Bony LayerBone Shaft
Bone Shaft:
-area between the bone ends
Spongy Bone:-red marrow (bone marrow)-red marrow (bone marrow)
-make blood-make blood-absorbs shock-absorbs shock
Medullary Canal:
-yellow marrow (fat -yellow marrow (fat cells)cells)-stores nutrients-stores nutrients
Bony Layer:
-hard bone -hard bone materialmaterial-protection-protection
Periosteum:
-tough, living membrane on the -tough, living membrane on the outside of the bony layer.outside of the bony layer.-pinkish in color-pinkish in color-many capillaries-many capillaries
Skeletal Diagramcraniummaxilla
claviclemandible
scapulasternum
ribshumerus
radiusulna
carpalsmetacarpals
Phalanges/hand
vertebra
Skeletal Diagram
ilium
pubisischiumfemur
patella tibiafibula
tarsalsmetatarsals
Phalanges/feet
Skeletal System
• Cranium– Skull
– 8 fused bones
• Facial bones– Make up the face
– 14 fused bones
– 1 is moveable
Skeletal System
• Vertebra– Backbone– Cervical (7)(neck)– Thoracic (12)(upper/middle back)– Lumbar (5)(lower back)– Sacrum (5 fused together)– Cervix (4 fused together)
• tailbone
Skeletal System
• Shoulder– Clavicle, scapula, and humerus– Pectoral girdle
• Arm– Humerus – upper arm– Ulna – pinky side of the lower arm– Radius – thumb side of the lower arm
Skeletal System
• Hand– Carpals (8)
• Wrist bones
– Metacarpals (5)• Palm bones
– Phalanges of the hand (14)• fingers
Skeletal System
• Chest– Sternum
• Breastbone
• Xiphoid process
Skeletal System
– Ribs (12 pairs)• True Ribs (7 pairs)
–Individual cartilage attachment to the sternum
• False Ribs (3 pairs)–Shared cartilage attachment to the
sternum
• Floating Ribs (2 pairs)–No cartilage attachment to the sternum
Skeletal System
• Pelvic Girdle – Ilium - (Hip)
– Ischium - (“Sit on”)
– Pubis - (Pubic)
(Pelvis)
Skeletal System
• Leg– Femur - (thigh)
• Largest bone in the body
– Tibia - (shin)– Fibula - (behind the shin)
– Patella – (knee cap)• Protects the knee
Skeletal System
• Foot– Tarsals - (7) (ankle)
– Metatarsals - (5) (arch)
– Phalanges of the foot - (14) (toes)
Joints of the Body
• Ball and Socket– Freely moveable in almost any direction– Shoulder, hip
• Hinge Joint– Bends in one direction only– Knee, elbow, fingers
Joints of the Body
• Pivot– One bone rotating around another– Radius/Ulna, Cranium/Vertebra
• Gliding– One bone sliding next to one or more bones– Carpal, tarsals
Joints of the Body
• Partially moveable– Slight movement to allow bending and stability– Vertebra
• Immoveable– No movement, used for
protection– Cranium
Bone Problems
Bones and joints are under constant stress and sometimes are pushed beyond their capacity.
This can happen from one of three reasons:1.
2.
3.
Overuse
Improper Use
Impact from outside force
Bone Problems
Sports and car accidents are two leading causes of bone and joint injuries in young people.
What is a bone fracture?
There are 3 main types of fractures. Can you list and describe them?
1.
2.
3.
Greenstick
Simple
Compound
Broken bone
Bone Problems
Greenstick:
Simple:(closed)
Compound:(open)
Occurs in children – bend enough to break some of the bone fibers, but not the entire bone.
Partially or completely broken, but the skin is not pierced.
Broken bone pierces the skin – most serious because bone end is exposed to infections.
Bone ProblemsWhat is a callus?
Following a bone fracture the bone must heal. How does the bone do this?
Sticky substance from the blood that forms a bony deposit around the break site.
1. Inflammation
2. Callus
3. Periosteum deposits new bone cells
4. Callus hardens
Bone Problems
Different ways that doctors can treat bone fractures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Casts
Pins, rods, screws, plates
Bone Surgery
Bone Grafts
Electrical Current (Low Level)
Bone Problems
What is the name of a bone and joint specialist? What do they do?
Orthopedist
Orthopedic Surgeon
Treats bone disorders
Sometimes include surgery
Joint Problems
Joint injuries do not directly affect the bone, but the tissue connecting two or more bones.
What is the name of the tissue that connects bone to bone?
The most common type of joint injury is the Describe this injury.
Name some common joints that have this injury?
Sprain.
Knee, fingers, ankle
Ligaments
Overstretching of the ligaments
Joint Problems
Another common injury is a dislocation. Describe this injury.
A common dislocation site is the
Another common injury is torn cartilage. Describe this injury.
A common site of torn cartilage is the
Severly stretched ligaments that allow the bone to be displaced.
shoulder.
Cartilage that helps cushion the joints is torn.
knee.
Joint Problems
What is bursitis?
The two common sites of bursitis are the
and
Inflammation of the bursa.
(Small liquid filled sac located near a joint.)
Shoulder Knee.
Joint Problems
What is a ruptured disc and where does it occur?
How can you strengthen your body to avoid a ruptured disc.
Cartilage disc between the vertebra have soft jelly-like centers. Under stressful back movements, the center rupture.
Exercise abdominal muscles
Lift with legs
Lose excess weight
Joint Problems
There are a few treatment options for the above injuries. Can you name a few?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is arthroscopic surgery?
Rest
IceCompression
Elevation
The use of tiny instruments to repair tissue. This does not require large openings (incisions)
Skeletal System Disorders
What is Osteoporosis?
Who does it primarily affect?
What mineral does the body lack?
How can people prevent this disorder?
Gradual weakening of the bone
“Brittle Bone Disorder”
Adequate calcium, exercise
Males Females
Potassium Calcium Iron
Skeletal System Disorders
What is Scoliosis?
Which part of the skeletal system is this disorder affecting?
How is this disorder treated?
“S” curve to the vertebra
Special braces, surgery
Vertebra