Post on 13-Jan-2016
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
Household Behavior on Combustible Waste Household Behavior on Combustible Waste Set-outs under “Door-to-door” Collection Set-outs under “Door-to-door” Collection Method with “Pay-as-you-throw” systemMethod with “Pay-as-you-throw” system
Household Behavior on Combustible Waste Household Behavior on Combustible Waste Set-outs under “Door-to-door” Collection Set-outs under “Door-to-door” Collection Method with “Pay-as-you-throw” systemMethod with “Pay-as-you-throw” system
11
Shinya SuzukiShinya Suzuki, , Ayako Tachifuji, Yasushi MatsufujiAyako Tachifuji, Yasushi Matsufuji
Department of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 JapanE-mail: ssuzuki@fukuoka-u.ac.jpssuzuki@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
1-1 Background in Japan1-1 Background in Japan1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
1-1 Background in Japan1-1 Background in Japan1) Increasing number of municipalities
begun “chargecharge” for waste collection
- in many cases, “Pay-as-you-throwPay-as-you-throw” system
- by using specified waste bagspecified waste bag
1) Increasing number of municipalities begun “chargecharge” for waste collection
- in many cases, “Pay-as-you-throwPay-as-you-throw” system
- by using specified waste bagspecified waste bag
2) Some municipalities convert way of waste collection - from “station” collection (traditional method in Japan)
- to “door-to-door” collection
2) Some municipalities convert way of waste collection - from “station” collection (traditional method in Japan)
- to “door-to-door” collection
- specify common waste collection point for multiple households- unspecified people dispose of waste carelessly, which makes there dirty- too heavy for elderly people or physically-challenged people to bring waste
- specify common waste collection point for multiple households- unspecified people dispose of waste carelessly, which makes there dirty- too heavy for elderly people or physically-challenged people to bring waste
- Each household set out waste bag in front of entrance of housing- clarify waste generator’s responsibility, stimulate waste separation - anxiety on increase of cost of waste collection
- Each household set out waste bag in front of entrance of housing- clarify waste generator’s responsibility, stimulate waste separation - anxiety on increase of cost of waste collection
Specified waste bagSpecified waste bag
- in order to realize waste minimization effectively- in order to realize waste minimization effectively
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1) Household behavior changed by introducing “pay-as-you-throw” system- reduced number of bagsnumber of bags, but not necessarily actual weightactual weight,
(Don Fullerton & Thomas Kinnaman (1996))Because,
2) Discouraged household from setting out waste bags, - to store them for longer periodslonger periods.
(George L., Van Houtven and Glenn E. Morris (2000))So,
3) WTP for curbside recycling service was highest, - while reduced garbage container sizecontainer size under quantity-based pricing
(Alok K. Bohara, Arthur J. Caplan, Therese Grijalva (2007))
1) Household behavior changed by introducing “pay-as-you-throw” system- reduced number of bagsnumber of bags, but not necessarily actual weightactual weight,
(Don Fullerton & Thomas Kinnaman (1996))Because,
2) Discouraged household from setting out waste bags, - to store them for longer periodslonger periods.
(George L., Van Houtven and Glenn E. Morris (2000))So,
3) WTP for curbside recycling service was highest, - while reduced garbage container sizecontainer size under quantity-based pricing
(Alok K. Bohara, Arthur J. Caplan, Therese Grijalva (2007))
5) From theoretical point of view, when storage capacity was relatively smallersmaller, households will set out more frequentlyfrequently.
(F. S. Wang, A.J. Richardson, and F.A. Roddick (1997))
5) From theoretical point of view, when storage capacity was relatively smallersmaller, households will set out more frequentlyfrequently.
(F. S. Wang, A.J. Richardson, and F.A. Roddick (1997))
4) Difference of waste collection system influenced convenience for residents to set out waste and lead to change behavior on waste set-outs
(Pilar L. Gonzalez-Torre, B. Adenso-Diaz, Alex Ruiz-Torres (2003))
4) Difference of waste collection system influenced convenience for residents to set out waste and lead to change behavior on waste set-outs
(Pilar L. Gonzalez-Torre, B. Adenso-Diaz, Alex Ruiz-Torres (2003))
1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
1-2 1-2 in Previous Studies,in Previous Studies,1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
1-2 1-2 in Previous Studies,in Previous Studies,
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
1-3 Objective1-3 Objective1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
1-3 Objective1-3 ObjectiveIntroduction of “Pay-as-you-throw” system
- stimulates thorough waste separation and recycling- has effect on waste reduction
- change waste set-outs behavior dramatically
Introduction of “Pay-as-you-throw” system - stimulates thorough waste separation and recycling- has effect on waste reduction
- change waste set-outs behavior dramatically
For better management on waste collection,
To clarify characteristics on waste set-out behaviorwaste set-out behavior- under “door to doordoor to door” collection method - by using specified waste bagspecified waste bag
For better management on waste collection,
To clarify characteristics on waste set-out behaviorwaste set-out behavior- under “door to doordoor to door” collection method - by using specified waste bagspecified waste bag
How about influence on waste generation and collection?How about influence on waste generation and collection?
How they reduces waste set-outswaste set-outs? reduces wastewaste?How about relationship between waste set-outswaste set-outs and amount of wasteamount of waste?Are there more effective methodsmore effective methods to facilitate to reduce waste?
How they reduces waste set-outswaste set-outs? reduces wastewaste?How about relationship between waste set-outswaste set-outs and amount of wasteamount of waste?Are there more effective methodsmore effective methods to facilitate to reduce waste?
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 3. Results and Discussion 4. 4. ConclusionsConclusions
2-1 Solid Waste Management 2-1 Solid Waste Management Fukuoka city, JapanFukuoka city, Japan
1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 3. Results and Discussion 4. 4. ConclusionsConclusions
2-1 Solid Waste Management 2-1 Solid Waste Management Fukuoka city, JapanFukuoka city, Japan
One district in “Fukuoka city”- 1,664 peoples- 673 households- 0.17 km2
- 9,8009,800 people/km2
Typical residential area in Japan.
One district in “Fukuoka city”- 1,664 peoples- 673 households- 0.17 km2
- 9,8009,800 people/km2
Typical residential area in Japan.
“Fukuoka cityFukuoka city”, 8th largest city, 1.4 million people,- for MSW, “pay-as-you-throwpay-as-you-throw” system, since Oct. 2005.
- 1) CombustiblesCombustibles, - 2) Incombustibles, - 3) recyclables “Glasses and PET bottles”, - 4) Bulky waste
“Fukuoka cityFukuoka city”, 8th largest city, 1.4 million people,- for MSW, “pay-as-you-throwpay-as-you-throw” system, since Oct. 2005.
- 1) CombustiblesCombustibles, - 2) Incombustibles, - 3) recyclables “Glasses and PET bottles”, - 4) Bulky waste
[Combustibles]- average 0.6 (kg/person/day)
- 90% of MSW, - 10% reduction
-Households can buy any capacitythey like in each 10 bags.
[Combustibles]- average 0.6 (kg/person/day)
- 90% of MSW, - 10% reduction
-Households can buy any capacitythey like in each 10 bags.
- 15 litters15 litters (15 yen/bag; 0.11 Euros)- 30 litters30 litters (30 yen/bag; 0.22 Euros)- 4545 litterslitters (45 yen/bag; 0.33 Euros)
- 15 litters15 litters (15 yen/bag; 0.11 Euros)- 30 litters30 litters (30 yen/bag; 0.22 Euros)- 4545 litterslitters (45 yen/bag; 0.33 Euros)
Collected twice a week - in night time- under “Door-to-door” collection
Collected twice a week - in night time- under “Door-to-door” collection
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
2-2 Analytical Methods2-2 Analytical Methods1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
2-2 Analytical Methods2-2 Analytical Methods5050 sample households sample households - with a variety of household size
- used specified collection point - identified relationship between set out waste bagwaste bag and waste generatorwaste generator
5050 sample households sample households - with a variety of household size- used specified collection point
- identified relationship between set out waste bagwaste bag and waste generatorwaste generator
- enabled to confirm retention time retention time in each waste bag- Set-out frequencyfrequency- NumberNumber of waste bag- CapacityCapacity of waste bag- WeightWeight of waste bag
- enabled to confirm retention time retention time in each waste bag- Set-out frequencyfrequency- NumberNumber of waste bag- CapacityCapacity of waste bag- WeightWeight of waste bag
Actual measurement survey on amount of waste- to clarify actual status on waste set-outs- on March 7th 2006, March 10th, March 14th, March 17th, continuously
Actual measurement survey on amount of waste- to clarify actual status on waste set-outs- on March 7th 2006, March 10th, March 14th, March 17th, continuously
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.1st ○ ○2nd ○ ○
- Density of waste bag- Density of waste bag
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-1-1) Actual Status on Waste Set-out Pattern3-1-1) Actual Status on Waste Set-out Pattern1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-1-1) Actual Status on Waste Set-out Pattern3-1-1) Actual Status on Waste Set-out Pattern
Only halfhalf of households did not always set out waste !
Only halfhalf of households did not always set out waste !
Number Tue. Fri. Tue. Fri. of household
a) 27
b) 4
c) 4
d) 2
e) 2
f) 0
g) 1
h) 2
i) 2
j) 0
k) 2
l) 0
m) 0
n) 1
o) 0
p) 3
: Day disposed: Day not disposed
Mar. 7th Mar. 10thMar. 14thMar. 17th
Every time: 2727 households
3 times: 1212 households
2 times: 7 7 households
1 time: 11 household
- Tend to reduce set-out rate under “pay-as-you-throw” system in spite of convenience of “door-to-door” collection
- Tend to reduce set-out rate under “pay-as-you-throw” system in spite of convenience of “door-to-door” collection
Number of waste set-outs did not always depend on household size
- not have regularity for set out pattern of waste bag
Number of waste set-outs did not always depend on household size
- not have regularity for set out pattern of waste bag
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-1-2) Summation of Waste Set-out Pattern3-1-2) Summation of Waste Set-out Pattern1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-1-2) Summation of Waste Set-out Pattern3-1-2) Summation of Waste Set-out Pattern
Not every timeEvery time
Relationship between set-out frequency frequency and profile of waste bagprofile of waste bag- 70%70% of households used only 1 kind 1 kind of waste bag (many household !many household !)- Even though households less than 3 times,
used 45 litters45 litters of waste bag, not 30 or 15 litters of waste bag
Relationship between set-out frequency frequency and profile of waste bagprofile of waste bag- 70%70% of households used only 1 kind 1 kind of waste bag (many household !many household !)- Even though households less than 3 times,
used 45 litters45 litters of waste bag, not 30 or 15 litters of waste bag
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Every time or not
45 litter
30 (or 15) litter
More than 2 kinds
Capacity of waste bag
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Every time
Not every time
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-2-1) Density Distribution of Waste Bag3-2-1) Density Distribution of Waste Bag1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-2-1) Density Distribution of Waste Bag3-2-1) Density Distribution of Waste Bag
Density of waste bag(firstly introduced in this study)
- Wide distribution- Mode value: 0.08 - 0.10 (kg/L)
Density of waste bag(firstly introduced in this study)
- Wide distribution- Mode value: 0.08 - 0.10 (kg/L)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
6
12
18
24
30
0.00
-0.0
20.
02-0
.04
0.04
-0.0
60.
06-0
.08
0.08
-0.1
00.
10-0
.12
0.12
-0.1
40.
14-0
.16
0.16
-0.1
80.
18-0
.20
0.20
-0.2
20.
22-0
.24
0.24
-0.2
60.
26-0
.28
0.28
-0.3
00.
30-0
.32
0.32
-0.3
40.
34-0
.36
0.36
-0.3
80.
34-0
.40
Density of waste bag (kg/L)
45 litter; n=114
7 days4 days3 dayscumulative frequency
Conventional “apparent density”(at pit incineration plant)- Mean value: 0.20 (kg/L)
Conventional “apparent density”(at pit incineration plant)- Mean value: 0.20 (kg/L)
Cumulative frequency- indicate 100% near 0.20 (kg/L)Cumulative frequency- indicate 100% near 0.20 (kg/L)
In fact, waste bag could be fulfilled with 0.200.20 (kg/L) of waste, but actually,
Many households felt waste bag “fullfull” around 0.08 - 0.100.08 - 0.10 (kg/L)
In fact, waste bag could be fulfilled with 0.200.20 (kg/L) of waste, but actually,
Many households felt waste bag “fullfull” around 0.08 - 0.100.08 - 0.10 (kg/L)
half value
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-2-2) Density3-2-2) Density simultaneously set out from each household simultaneously set out from each household
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-2-2) Density3-2-2) Density simultaneously set out from each household simultaneously set out from each household
Left part: already entered waste fullfull into 1st bag1st bag beforebefore collection dayprepared 2nd waste bag, set out 2 bags at the same collection day
Right part: a large amount of waste on each collection day, could not enter waste into 1 bag1 bag at the same time
Left part: already entered waste fullfull into 1st bag1st bag beforebefore collection dayprepared 2nd waste bag, set out 2 bags at the same collection day
Right part: a large amount of waste on each collection day, could not enter waste into 1 bag1 bag at the same time
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Mar
ch 1
4th
Mar
ch 7
th
Mar
ch 1
0th
Mar
ch 7
th
Mar
ch 1
4th
Mar
ch 1
7th
Mar
ch 7
th
Mar
ch 1
7th
Mar
ch 1
4th
Mar
ch 1
0th
Mar
ch 7
th
Mar
ch 1
4th
Mar
ch 1
0th
Mar
ch 1
4th
Mar
ch 1
7th
1-2 4-1 5-1 5-1 2-2 1-2 5-4 2-2 5-3 4-1 2-16 4-2 2-2 5-4 3-3
Den
sity
of was
te b
ag (kg
/L)
Household and disposed day
Average1st2nd
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-3-1) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs3-3-1) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-3-1) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs3-3-1) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs
Number of Number of Mar. 7th Mar. 10th Mar. 14th Mar. 10thset-outs household 45L 30L 15L 45L 30L 15L 45L 30L 15L 45L 30L 15L4 times 9 1 3 2 2
2 3 2 22 1 1 11 1 1 22 2 1 11 1 3 12 2 4 31 1 2 12 1 2 1
3 times 3 6 3 22 1 13 1 2
2 times 1 2 4
CATEGORY 1)CATEGORY 1): 45 liters of bag only, : 45 liters of bag only, more than 2 bags at least 1 timemore than 2 bags at least 1 time
CATEGORY 2)CATEGORY 2): More than 2 kinds of bag, : More than 2 kinds of bag, more than 2 bags at least 1 timemore than 2 bags at least 1 time
4 times 7 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 1
1 2 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 13 1 2 1 1 13 1 1 2 1 1
3 times 3 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Even such households set out waste bags less than 3 times.
Even such households set out waste bags less than 3 times.
Daily change of amount of waste was so large
- many households were forced to make adjustment each collection day.
Daily change of amount of waste was so large
- many households were forced to make adjustment each collection day.
A large amount of waste A large amount of waste
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-3-2) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs3-3-2) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-3-2) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outs3-3-2) 5 Categories of Waste Set-outsNumber of Number of Mar. 7th Mar. 10th Mar. 14th Mar. 10th
set-outs household 45L 30L 15L 45L 30L 15L 45L 30L 15L 45L 30L 15L4 times 6 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1
3 times 3 1 1 11 1 11 1 1
2 times 3 1 11 1
1 1
CATEGORY 3)CATEGORY 3): 45 litters of bag only, 1 bag every time: 45 litters of bag only, 1 bag every time
4 times 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1
3 times 2 1 1 11 1 1
2 times 2 1 11 1
4 times 3 1 1 1 11 1 1 1
1 1 1 13 times 1 1 1 12 times 1 1 11 times 1 1
CATEGORY 4)CATEGORY 4): More than 2 kinds of bag, 1 bag every time: More than 2 kinds of bag, 1 bag every time
CATEGORY 5)CATEGORY 5): 30 litters or 15 litters of bag only, : 30 litters or 15 litters of bag only, 1 bag every time1 bag every time
Relatively small amount of waste
Relatively small amount of waste
- decided capacity of waste bag in advance
- kept from setting our waste bag while smaller amount of waste
- decided capacity of waste bag in advance
- kept from setting our waste bag while smaller amount of waste
CATEGORY 4): perhaps they decided capacity on each collection day?
CATEGORY 4): perhaps they decided capacity on each collection day?
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-4-1) Unit Amount of Waste 3-4-1) Unit Amount of Waste and 5 Categoriesand 5 Categories
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-4-1) Unit Amount of Waste 3-4-1) Unit Amount of Waste and 5 Categoriesand 5 Categories
Households decided capacity of waste bag - according to amountamount of waste generated from long time experience
- not from average value but from maximum value- tend to decide larger capacity of waste bag
Households decided capacity of waste bag - according to amountamount of waste generated from long time experience
- not from average value but from maximum value- tend to decide larger capacity of waste bag
Maximum value: quite differentMinimum value: similar
Maximum value: quite differentMinimum value: similar
Those who use only smaller capacity of waste bag were limited
Those who use only smaller capacity of waste bag were limited
C-1)45 L
>2 bags
C-3)45 L1 bag
C-2)2 kinds>2 bags
C-4)2 kinds1 bag
C-5)30 or 15 L
1 bag
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
C-2)> 2 kinds, > 2 bags
(20%)
C-5)30 or 15 litter, 1 bag
(15%)
C-1)45 litter, > 2 bags
(25% ofhouseholds)
C-3)45 litter, 1 bag
(25%)
C-4)> 2 kinds, 1 bag
(15%)
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-4-2) Estimated Way of Using Waste Bag3-4-2) Estimated Way of Using Waste Bag1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-4-2) Estimated Way of Using Waste Bag3-4-2) Estimated Way of Using Waste Bag
For example, C-2): more than 2 kinds of waste bag,
maximum amount of waste
-larger than capacity of one 45 littercapacity of one 45 litter,
-smaller than capacity of two 45 litterscapacity of two 45 litters,
For example, C-2): more than 2 kinds of waste bag,
maximum amount of waste
-larger than capacity of one 45 littercapacity of one 45 litter,
-smaller than capacity of two 45 litterscapacity of two 45 litters,
They decided to use more than two kinds of capacity.
They decided to use more than two kinds of capacity.
Capacity: 30 or 15 LCapacity: 30 or 15 L
Capacity: 45 LCapacity: 45 L
Mor
e th
an 2
bag
sM
ore
than
2 b
ags
1 b
ag1
bag
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-4-3) Set-out Rate3-4-3) Set-out Rate1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions
3-4-3) Set-out Rate3-4-3) Set-out RateC-1) C-2) C-3) C-4) C-5) Total
45 litter > 2 kinds 45 litter > 2 kinds 30 litter> 2 bags > 2 bags 1bag 1 bag or 15 litter
1 bag
Mar. 7th 84.6% 90.0% 83.3% 83.3% 83.3% 85.1%Mar. 10th 84.6% 100.0% 83.3% 66.7% 66.7% 83.0%Mar. 14th 92.3% 90.0% 66.7% 66.7% 100.0% 83.0%Mar. 17th 100.0% 90.0% 91.7% 83.3% 50.0% 87.2%Average 90.4% 92.5% 81.3% 75.0% 75.0% 84.6%
All households tended to keep from setting out waste bag - in order to fulfill such waste bag under “pay-as-you-throw” system- tended to decide larger capacity of waste bag than average amount of waste
All households tended to keep from setting out waste bag - in order to fulfill such waste bag under “pay-as-you-throw” system- tended to decide larger capacity of waste bag than average amount of waste
Set-out rates of C-4) and C-5) were lower than those of the other categoriesSet-out rates of C-4) and C-5) were lower than those of the other categories
The largerlarger the storage capacity was like 45 litters of waste bag, the more frequentlyfrequently households set out waste bagThe largerlarger the storage capacity was like 45 litters of waste bag, the more frequentlyfrequently households set out waste bag
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions4. Conclusions
4-1 Conclusions4-1 Conclusions 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions4. Conclusions
4-1 Conclusions4-1 Conclusions
Household behavior on waste set-outsActual condition survey in one district in Fukuoka city, Japan
Household behavior on waste set-outsActual condition survey in one district in Fukuoka city, Japan
High proportion of households used 45 litters of waste bag- Many households reduced waste set-out frequency
- from adjustment of amount of waste- kept from setting out waste bag until density full
(until 0.08 - 0.10 (kg/L))
High proportion of households used 45 litters of waste bag- Many households reduced waste set-out frequency
- from adjustment of amount of waste- kept from setting out waste bag until density full
(until 0.08 - 0.10 (kg/L))
Only half of households did not always set out waste bagOnly half of households did not always set out waste bag
- decided capacity of waste bag in advance - based on amount grasped from long time experience
- tended to decide larger capacity of waste bag- households who use smaller capacity were few
- decided capacity of waste bag in advance - based on amount grasped from long time experience
- tended to decide larger capacity of waste bag- households who use smaller capacity were few
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions4. Conclusions
4-2 Conclusions4-2 Conclusions 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions4. Conclusions
4-2 Conclusions4-2 Conclusions
Though, “pay-as-you-throw” system decreased set-out rate for every households,
- Which did not always mean success of drastic waste reduction
- Only households who had a quite small amount of waste used smaller capacity of waste bag.
Though, “pay-as-you-throw” system decreased set-out rate for every households,
- Which did not always mean success of drastic waste reduction
- Only households who had a quite small amount of waste used smaller capacity of waste bag.
In order to reduce both In order to reduce both waste amountwaste amount and and set-out frequencyset-out frequency- important to consider reduction of - important to consider reduction of peakpeak amount of waste with amount of waste with
- promotion of the - promotion of the 3Rs3Rs((ReduceReduce, , ReuseReuse, , RecycleRecycle))- under “- under “pay-as-you-throwpay-as-you-throw” system” system
In order to reduce both In order to reduce both waste amountwaste amount and and set-out frequencyset-out frequency- important to consider reduction of - important to consider reduction of peakpeak amount of waste with amount of waste with
- promotion of the - promotion of the 3Rs3Rs((ReduceReduce, , ReuseReuse, , RecycleRecycle))- under “- under “pay-as-you-throwpay-as-you-throw” system” system
- effect on effect on volume reductionvolume reduction- improvement of improvement of collection efficiencycollection efficiency
- effect on effect on volume reductionvolume reduction- improvement of improvement of collection efficiencycollection efficiency
- reduced both - reduced both amount of wasteamount of waste and and set out rateset out rate- reduced both - reduced both amount of wasteamount of waste and and set out rateset out rate
Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. Sardinia 2009
Thank you very much for your attention !Thank you very much for your attention !