Post on 04-Apr-2018
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Fire alarm
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
The first step toward halting a fire is to
properly identify the incident, raise the
occupant alarm, and then notify emergency
response professionals.
Purpose of Fire Alarm System
Detect : Alert : Evacuate
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
A fire alarm system is an active fire protection system that
detects fire or the effects of fire, and as a result notifies the
occupants, notifies persons in the surrounding area, summons
the fire service, and controls all the fire alarm components in a
building.
Fire alarm systems can include alarm initiating devices, alarm
notification appliances, control units, fire safety control
devices, annunciators, power supplies, and wiring.
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Also in certain cases
Activate Sprinkler system
Gas Suppression System
Pre action System
Carry out supplementary operations Elevators Equipment shutdown
AHU Shutdown
Deactivate Access Control system
Activate Remote Signal Annunciator
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
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TYPE OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM INSTALLED
Addressable Fire Alarm System
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ADDRESSABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Based on number of loopsMax.250 devices in EST, can be
connected in a single loop
LCD 80 Character DisplayDevice address is identified and
Communicated to Control Panel
Programmable Input to Output activation
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ADDRESSABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Pinpoint location of fire
Printer Options
Memory of 800 past events
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ADVANTAGES
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM DESIGN
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A fire alarm system is composed of componentswhich can be classified into the followingcategories.
Initiating Devices - these devices either sense theeffects of a fire, or are manually activated bypersonnel, resulting in a signal to the fire alarmpanel. Examples are heat detectors, smokedetectors, manual pull stations or break-glasses,
and sprinkler pressure or flow switches.
Main Fire alarm control (panel) - this is the centralbrain of the overall system, which coordinates thesignals and resultant actions of the system.
.,Contd
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Power supply - because one of the fire alarmsystem objectives is life safety, fire alarm system
power supplies are redundant, and reliable when
compared to electronic or electrical systems of
similar complexities (e.g., HVAC control systems).
Primary supply- Commercial light and power.
Back-up/secondary supply - Usually sealed, lead-acid batteries. Generators are permitted under
strict rules.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM DESIGN
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Notification appliances - these devices provide
stimulation for initiating emergency action and
provide information to users, emergency
response personnel, and occupants.
Examples are bell, siren, horn, speaker, light, or
text display that provides audible, tactile, or
visible outputs.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM DESIGN
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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
FAS
Control Panel
Manual Call Point
Automatic Initiating
Devices
Smoke Detectors
Heat Detectors
Water Flow Devices
Manual Initiating
Devices
Horn/Strobe
Remote
AnnunciatorLED, LCD
CPU with Power supply
cards & 2 Batteries
Relays
INPUT DEVICES OUT PUT DEVICES
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ALARM INPUTS OUTPUTS
FIREALARM
PULLin case
ofFIRE
Detectors
Manual Pull
Stations
Waterflow
Switches
Supervisory
Inputs
Gate
Valve
FIREBELL
FIRE
Bells
Strobes
Horns
Speakers
Auxiliary
Devices
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FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL
Indicates Alarm
Supervises A.C. power, battery, initiating device
circuit (IDC), notification appliance circuit (NAC)
Have a common trouble circuit for power failures,open, & short circuits
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INPUT DEVICES
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Photoelectric or OpticalSmoke Detector
Heat Detector
Break Glass Type Manual Call
Points
And Finally Control Monitor
Modules (SIGA-CT1)
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WORK OF SMOKE DETECTOR
Light Scattering MethodDuring normal conditions:
1. Light emitting from LED is
absorbed by the black matte in
inside of chamber.
2. Little light falls on the receiver.3. Electrical output is very low.
During an alarm condition:
1. Smoke enters the chamber.
2. The visible particles of smoke
reflect the light onto the receiver.
3. Increased light, increases the
electrical output to the alarm
threshold.
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WORK OF HEAT DETECTORHeat Detectors
Not a Life Safety Device.
Activates when surrounding temperature reaches apresettemperature.
Typical 135 degrees F (57 degree C).
Fixed Temperature - Thermistor has a negative temperature
coefficient. As Heat rises, resistance decreases, allowing more current flow
And resulting in Alarm Indication in Fire Alarm Panel.
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OUTPUT DEVICES
Hooter/Strobe
Relay Control Modules
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