• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

Catfish Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

FatTissue

Muscle

Alarm Substance

Epithelial Cell

Goblet Cell

Fat Cell

Collagen Fibers

Muscle

Catfish Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

AlarmSubstanceCell

TasteBud

Catfish Skin

TasteBud

AlarmSubstanceCell

GobletCell

Scaly Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

FatTissue

Muscle

Epithelial Cell

Goblet Cell

Fat Cell

Collagen Fibers

Muscle

Scale

Skin with Scales

Muscle

Fat

Dermis

Epidermis

ScaleGoblet Cell

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins

• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach

– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens

Mucus

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins

• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach

– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens

• Defense– Nemo!– Hagfish - goo– Trunkfish

Mucus

Clownfish

Hagfish

Ostrcitoxin: A choline chloride ester of palmitic acid. The toxin has a minimum lethal concentration of 2 ppm and an LC50 of 3.5 ppm using mosquito fish as the test organism.

• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins

• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach

– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens

• Defense– Nemo!– Hagfish– Toxins*

• Baby food

Mucus

• Disease resistance– Gooey glycoproteins

• Stream from skin• Hard for pathogens to attach

– Lysozyme: Dissolves bacterial cell walls– Histones: Antibacterial– Antibodies: Block specific pathogens

• Defense– Nemo!– Hagfish– Trunkfish

• Baby food• Communication

Mucus

Alarm Substance CellsTop view of catfish epidermis

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

Cycloid Scale

Ctenoid Scale

Ganoid ScalesOne scale: Dark green is the hard external part of the scale. Light green is under the skin

Ganoid scales on gar skin

Placoid ScalesPlacoid Scales

Epidermis

Dermis

EnamelDentine

Pulp

Placoid ScalesOne placoid scale: Dark green is the external part.

Internal anatomy of a placoid scale.

Real Armor

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

Poison Glands at Fin Base

E. Velvetfish spine F. Scorpionfish spine

H. Stonefish spine with glands I. Toadfish opercular spine

What is the most common venomous fish in

Arkansas?

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

FW Fish

Water In

Salt Out

Ocean Fish

Water Out

Salt In

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

• Actual Pigments– Xanthophores – Yellow– Erythrophores – Red– Cyanophores -Blue– Melanophores – Brown & Black– Leucophores – White (purines)

• Actual Pigments– Xanthophores – Yellow– Erythrophores – Red– Cyanophores -Blue– Melanophores – Brown & Black– Leucophores – White (purines)

Cells that carry pigments

XanthophoresXanthophores

XanthophoresXanthophores

ErythrophoresErythrophores

CyanophoresCyanophores

Bass Melanophores

Melanosomes dispersed inmelanocyte. The fish hasdark color.

The melanosomes are aggregated. The fish looks light.

Leukophores: Granualar gunaidine

• Iridophores – iridescent, mirror (guanine)

• “Schemochromes”

• Iridophores – iridescent, mirror (guanine)

• “Schemochromes”

Mirror

Iridophores - Mirror

IridophoresReflection

Iridophores - Iridescence

Iridophores-Iridescence

Flatfish

“Schemachromes”

Ornate Pipefish

Tasselled Wobbegong

• Senses– Touch, taste, smell, electric, lateral line

• Basic Anatomy• Disease Resistance• Defense (mucus)• Defense (scales)• Defense (poisons)• Osmoregulation• Colors and Camo• Light

Fancy Tricks with Shadows and Light

Countershading

T

B

TB

FromAbove

FromBelow

Countershading in Synodontis

Countershading Synodontis

Photophores = Light Production

• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish

Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds

Photophores = Light Production

• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish

Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds

Communication with Photophores Lit by Bacteria

Flashlight fish: Shutters for blinking (communication). Also for hunting copepods

Photophores = Light Production

• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish

Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds

T

B

T

B

T

B

TB

Why is there a photophore here?

Hatchet Fish Photophores make their own light using fish biochemistry, not phosphorescent bacteria.

Photophores: Fish Light

Hatchetfish: Upper photophore shines in eye, used to match brightness with ambient light

Photophores: Bacterial

Opistoproctus: Peri-anal light sack and light guide

Photophores = Light Production

• 15% of all marine fish genera• Signaling, camo, hunting• 2 kinds: bacterial and fish

Linophryne; the only fish with both kinds

Yellow lenses- ArgyropelecusHatchetfish

T

B

Headlights for hunting in the dark

Diaphus

Diaphus – Blue headlight

Red Headlights

Malacosteusniger

Pachyostomas

Light Penetration Appearance

Senses (later)Senses (later)Basic AnatomyBasic Anatomy

Epidermis, dermis, scales ?Epidermis, dermis, scales ?Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance

Barricade, immunityBarricade, immunityDefense (mucus)Defense (mucus)

Hagfish, trunkfish, clownfishHagfish, trunkfish, clownfishDefense (scales)Defense (scales)

Cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid,placoidCycloid, ctenoid, ganoid,placoidDefense (poisons)Defense (poisons)

Toxin glands - spinesToxin glands - spinesOsmoregulationOsmoregulation

Scales/mucus block water and saltScales/mucus block water and saltColorsColors

Malanocytes, other pigments cells, iridophore tricksMalanocytes, other pigments cells, iridophore tricksCountershading and camoCountershading and camo

LightLightCountershading, hunting, communicationCountershading, hunting, communication