SEMESTER I EXAMReview A 2010

SHELDON BIOLOGY

Match Parts of Scientific Method

• Problem Statement

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

• If and then…

• Agree or disagree with hypothesis

• Data tables, graphs

• What is the effect of…?

Match Parts of Scientific Method

• Problem Statement

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

• If and then…

• Agree or disagree with hypothesis

• Data tables, graphs

• What is the effect of…?

Identify the variables?

Which is the independent variable?

Which is the dependent variable?

Identify the variables?

Which is the independent variable? (x-AXIS) temperature

Which is the dependent variable?

(y-AXIS)

Log. Generations per hour

Which is a HYPOTHESIS and which is a THEORY.

• If you put cold water in a fish tank, then fish will slow down.

• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Hypothesis

• Theory

#7 Which is “spontaneous generation” and which is from the

“cell theory?”• The basic unit of life

is a cell

• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Life comes from rotten meat (non-life).

• Cell theory

• Cell theory

• Spontaneous generation

Which part of the experiment…

• Does not contain the tested variable?

• A. control

• B. constant

• C. independent variable

• D. dependent variable?

• ANSWER: control ( reference area)

• CONSTANTS-all things that stay the same

#11 Put in the correct order:

• Community• Population• Organelle• Organ System• Organism• Organ• tissue• Ecosystem• Molecule• Cell• Biosphere

• Biosphere• Ecosystem• Community• Population• organism• Organ system• Organ• Tissue• Cell• Organelle• Molecule

Where would you dipose of waste chemicals in the lab?

• Sink

• Chemical waste jar

• Trash can

• ANSWER: chemical waste jar

Which goes with ASEXUAL and which goes with SEXUAL

reproduction?

• One parent

• Two parents

• Exactly like parents

• May be different

• ASEXUAL

• SEXUAL

• ASEXUAL

• SEXUAL

HOW MANY VARIABLES DO YOU TEST AT A TIME IN AN

EXPERIMENT?

• One

• Two

• Three

• As many as you want

• ANSWER: ONE

#10 Which is HOMEOSTASIS and which is METABOLISM?

• Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism

• An organism maintains a stable internal environment even when the external environment is not

• METABOLISM

• HOMEOSTASIS

Which are constants, which are controls?

• Same beaker in each trial

• Set-up of room temperature as compared to hot and cold

• Same crickets for each trial

• Constant

• Control

• constant

Which are ATOMS and which are CELLS?

• Amoeba

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• blood

• CELL

• ATOM

• ATOM

• CELL

Which is an INFERENCE and which is an OBSERVATION?

• The penguin is black and white

• The penguin acts like a duck

• The penguin is cute• The penguin is eating

fish.

• Observation

• Inference

• Inference

• Observation

What is the correct way to…

• Detect an odor in the lab?

• Dispose of broken glass?

• Dispose of test tube liquids after the lab?

• Wafting

• In the crock

• In the waste container on the lab table.

The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and

growth ULTIMATELY comes from:

• A. heat

• B. decomposition of plants

• C. carbon dioxide

• D. sun

• ANSWER: D. sun

What would each tool be used for?

• Hold test tube

• Protect eyes

• Hold beaker

How many p, n, and e-?

• 19 mass number (p + n)• F• 9 atomic number (p) (also e-)

• ANSWER: 9 p, 9 e-, 10 n• #p+ and #e- = at. no.• #n = mass no. – at. no.

#6 Atoms with different number of neutrons from its neutral atom are:

• An ion

• An isotope

• A bond

• A molecule

• ANSWER: an isotope

Atoms with different number of electrons from its neutral atom are:• An ion

• An isotope

• A bond

• A molecule

• ANSWER: an ion

• Charged atom Na+ Cl-

Water has unequal sharing of electrons. It is…

• A. nonpolar ionic• B. nonpolar covalent• C. polar ionic• D. polar covalent

• ANSWER: D• Polar covalent – unequal sharing of e-

In a salt water solution, identify the solute and the solvent:

• Solute = salt (is being dissolved)

• Solvent = water

• (does the dissolving)

Which shows the correct bonding ability of carbon?

Which shows the correct bonding ability of carbon?

REASON: 4 e- in its outer shell (can bond to 4 more e- to fill its outer shell of 8)

Ice floats because…

• A. it is colder than liquid water

• B. its water molecules are farther apart due to H-bonding

• C. it is denser than liquid water

• D. its molecules are moving faster

• ANSWER: B

#5 Fill in the blanks:

• In an ionic bond the electrons are _______________ and in a covalent bond the electrons are_______.

• ANSWER: transferred (lost/gained)

• shared

Describe water’s property

• Surface tension

• Heat of fusion

• Capillarity

• High (float a bug)

• High (slow to freeze)

• Rises in narrow tubes

What is the element?

• Na

• C

• O

• H

• Sodium

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• hydrogen

An atom is stable when…

• A. number of electrons = number of protons

• B. outer electron shells are full• C. number of neutrons = number of

protons

• ANSWER: B• #9 Atoms will form compounds to fill

outer electron shells

What is the charge of each?

• Electron

• Proton

• neutron

• Negative

• Positive

• neutral

#8 What makes up an atom’s nucleus?

•Protons and neutrons

#15 Fill in the blanks

• In an acid the ___________ions are donated to the water solution, but in a base the __________ions are donated to the water solution:

• ANSWER: H+ (acid) OH- (base)

• hydronium hydroxide

Match:

• pH 7 A. weak base

• pH 13 B. strong base

• pH 2 C. neutral

• pH 6 D. weak acid E. strong acid

• C. neutral

• Strong base

• Strong acid

• Weak acid

#18 MATCH THE TYPE OF CARBO:

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

• Glucose• Glycogen• Sucrose• Starch• lactose

• Monosaccharide• Polysaccharide• Disaccharide• Polysaccharide• Disaccharide

#2 Which is correct?

• A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means is:A. molecule

• B. buffer• C. element• D. cell• E. compound• ANSWER: element

#19 Which is an saturated, a monounsaturated, or a polyunsaturated fat?

• A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH

=CHOOH

• B. CH3CH2CH2COOH

• C.

• A. polyunsat

(more than 1 =)

• B. satur.

(no =)• C.

monounsat (one =)

What fat is this the structure for?

What fat is this the structure for?

• Steroid (4 fused rings)

Which is an element and which is a compound?

• C

• CO

• Cu

• CH4

• ANSWER: element C and Cu

• compound CO and CH4

Which is a symbol and which is a formula?

• C

• CO

• Cu

• CH4

• ANSWER: symbol C and Cu

• formula CO and CH4

Why do atoms join other atoms to form compounds?

• A. to make even number of electrons

• B. to fill their outer electron shells

• C. to become neutral

• ANSWER: B

• Fill 2,8,8

Which is NOT a lipid?

• A. wax

• B. phospholipid

• C. cholesterol

• D. RNA

• E. steroid

• ANSWER: D

Which are ions?

• Cl

• Cl-

• H2

• OH-

• H+

• ANSWER: Ions are Cl- ,OH-, H+

Identify the bond:

• A. -

• B. Ξ

• C. =

• A. single

• B. triple

• C. double

Which subatomic particle…

• Lacks a charge• Is in the nucleus?

• A. proton• B. electron• C. neutron

• ANSWER: neutron• Protons (+) Electrons (-)

Which water property is it?

• A. climb narrow tubes

• B. form a film on water surface

• C. slow to heat

• D. slow to freeze

• 1. heat of fusion

• 2. heat of vaporization

• 3. capillarity

• 4. surface tension

water property answers

• A. climb narrow tubes

• B. form a film on water surface

• C. slow to heat

• D. slow to freeze

• 3. capillarity

• 4. surface tension

• 1. high heat of vaporization

• 2. high heat of fusion

Why does ice expand when freezing?

• 1. It gets gains mass.

• 2. It gains electrons.

• 3. It loses electrons.

• 4. The H-bonds form an open lattice.

• ANSWER: 4

Which is cohesion and which is adhesion?

• A. sticking to like substances

• B. sticking to unlike substances

• ANSWER: “A” is cohesion

• “B” is adhesion

In a salt water solution…

• Which is the solute, which is the solvent?

Which is a mixture and which is a compound?

• Salt water• Glucose• Water• Air• Blood

• Mixture

• Compound C6H12O6

• H2O compound

• Mixture• mixture

Identify the monomer:

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

• Monosaccharide

• Amino Acid

• Fatty acid + glycerol

• nucleotide

What two ions does water dissociate into?

• H and O

• H and OH

• H+ and OH-

• H2 and O2

• ANSWER: H+ and OH-

• (acids) (bases)

An atom is stable when:

• A. It’s protons equal its neutrons

• B. It’s electrons equal its protons

• C. It’s outer electron shell is filled.

• D. It’s outer electron shell is empty.

• ANSWER: C

• (e- fill 2,8,8)

What part of atoms form bonds?

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons

• ANSWER: electrons

If you had an atomic number of…

• 12, how many electrons would be in the outer shell?

• 2• 8• 4• 6

ANSWER: 2 (fills 2, 8, 2)

Polar Covalent means:

• A. electrons are shared equally

• B. electrons are not shared equally

• ANSWER: electrons are not shared equally

• Like water (H+ end and O- end)

A carbon atom can form:

• A. Two covalent bonds

• B. Three covalent bonds

• C. Four covalent bonds

• D. Five covalent bonds

• ANSWER: C

What are other names for proteins?

• Polypeptide• Amino acid chain• Fatty acid• Polyunsaturate• Polysaccharide

• ANSWER: polypeptide, amino acid chain

What are the four bases of nucleic acids?

• 1. A-C-O-T

• 2. A-T-C-G

• 3. C-G-O-H

• 4. T-O-G-C

• ANSWER: A-T-C-G

What are the reactants and what are the products?

What are the reactant and what are the products?

Identify the substrate, the active site, and the product.

AB

C

Enzymes end in:

• A. -ase

• B. -ose

• C. -ise

• D. –ese

• ANSWER: -ase

All organic compounds contain:

• A. C and O and N

• B. C and Ca and S

• C. O and P

• D. C and H and O

• ANSWER: D

Identify the substrate, the active site, and the product.

Substrate = what the enzyme acts upon

Active site=where the enzyme + substrate meet

How strong are H-bonds?

• A. weak

• B. medium

• C. strong

• ANSWER: weak

Which are enzymes?

• A. proteins

• B. fats

• C. nucleic acids

• D. carbohydrates

• ANSWER: A. proteins

Which are enzymes?

• A. phospholipid membranes• B. Energy sources• C. biological catalysts (speed up

reactions)• D. storage molecules

• ANSWER: biological catalysts

How did the enzyme lactase work in the Lactaid® lab?

• Lactose is the disaccharide that breaks down into glucose and galactose by the aid of lactase (the enzyme).

Which is a saturated fat?

• A.

• B.

• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH    

CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Which is a saturated fat?

• A.

• B.

• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH    

CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

What’s it called?

• Removing water to link monomers for form a polymer:

• A. dehydration synthesis• B. hydrolysis• C. chemiosmosis

• ANSWER: A• Hydrolysis adds water to split polymers

Matching:

• 1. glycogen• 2. cellulose• 3. glucose• 4. starch

• A. a polysaccharide in plant cells cell walls

• B. The storage form of glucose in plants

• C. The storage form of glucose in animals

• D. simple sugar

Matching:

• 1. glycogen C• 2. cellulose A• 3. glucose D• 4. starch B

• A. a polysaccharide in plant cell walls

• B. The storage form of glucose in plants

• C. The storage form of glucose in animals

• D. simple sugar

Matching:

• Monomers• 1. fatty acids +

glycerol• 2. monosaccharide• 3. nucleotide• 4. amino acid

• Polymers• A. protein• B. lipids• C. nucleic acids• D. carbohydrates

Matching:

• Monomers• 1. fatty acids +

glycerol B• 2. monosaccharide

D• 3. nucleotide C• 4. amino acid A

• Polymers• A. protein• B. lipids• C. nucleic acids• D. carbohydrates

Which one does not belong with the other three terms?

• A. protein

• B. polypeptide

• C. lipid

• D. amino acid chain

• ANSWER: C

Which test is this?

• Food sample turned blue-black in the presence of iodine?A. for protein

• B. for starch

• C. for lipids

• D. for simple sugars

• ANSWER: B

MACROMOLECULE TESTS

• A. for protein (Biuret’s blue to purple)

• B. for starch (iodine turns blue-black)

• C. for lipids (paper translucent to light)

• D. for simple sugars (Benedict’s blue to orange)

What is the most abundant organic compound on earth?

• (It is also in cell walls of plants.)

• A. glucose• B. chitin• C. peptidoglycan• D. cellulose

• ANSWER: D

What is another name for a “fat?”

• A. triglyceride

• B. protein

• C. nucleic acid

• D. polysaccharide

• ANSWER: A

Which microscope(s) can view organisms up to 1,000,000 times?

• A. CLM

• B. SEM

• C. TEM

• ANSWER: both SEM and TEM

What is the ability to tell two objects apart in a microscope?

• A. resolving power

• B. magnification

• C.parfocal

• D. scanning

• ANSWER: A

Convert 500 µm to nm

• A. 0.5 nm

• B. 5,000 nm

• C. 500,000 nm

• D. 5,000,000 nm

• ANSWER: C

Metric to Metric Conversion

• Km hm dkm m dm cm mm µm nm Å

• 3 3

What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?

• A. plasma membrane

• B. nucleus

• C. cell wall

• D. flagellum

• ANSWER: B

What do bacteria have that protists do not?

• A. cell wall

• B. nucleus

• C. capsule

• D. chloroplasts

• ANSWER: C

What structures can be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

• A. centrioles and cilia

• B. chloroplasts and flagella

• C. capsule and cell wall

• D. cell wall and chloroplasts

• ANSWER: D

What structures can be found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

• A. centrioles and cilia

• B. chloroplasts and flagella

• C. capsule and cell wall

• D. cell wall and chloroplasts

• ANSWER: A

Put in order from smallest to largest:

• Mitochondrion ribosome nucleus vesicle

• ANSWER: (smallest) ribosomeVesicleMitochondrionNucleus (largest)

Microtubules and microfilaments are both part of a cell’s…

• A. nucleus

• B. cytoskeleton

• C. endomembrane

• D. endoplasmic reticulum

• ANSWER: B

What is the job of centrioles?

• A. protect the cell

• B. cell movement

• C. cell division

• D. DNA

• C. cell division

Which organelle repackages proteins?

• A. mitochondrion

• B. chloroplast

• C. Golgi apparatus

• D. lysosome

• ANSWER: C

Where are ribosomes assembled?

• A. nucleolus

• B. Golgi apparatus

• C. mitochondrion

• D. lysosomes

• ANSWER: A

What are loose, long fibers of DNA?

• A. ER

• B. chromosomes

• C. nucleolus

• D. chromatin

• ANSWER: D

Rough and Smooth ER

• What’s the difference? (structure and function)

• ANSWER: Rough (has ribosomes, assembles proteins) and Smooth (has no ribosomes and assembles lipids)

What is the general term for…

• Microtubules and microfilaments?

• A. cytoskeleton• B. plasma membrane• C. flagella and cilia• D. lysosomes

• ANSWER: A

Name the Organelles

Name the Organelles

Which is the plant cell?

Which is the plant cell?

Which organelle?

• 1. Stores food or water

• 2. Modifies proteins• 3. Called the “clean-

up” crew• 4. Is the site of the

genetic material• 5. Is the

“powerhouse”

• 1. VACUOLE

• 2. GOLGI APPARATUS

• 3. LYSOSOME• 4. NUCLEUS

• 5. MITOCHONDRION

Which organelle?

• 1. Is the site of photosynthesis?

• 2. Is the support framework?

• 3. Controls what goes in and out of the cell?

• 4. Carries materials from the ER to the Golgi.

• 1. chloroplast

• 2. cytoskeleton

• 3. plasma membrane

• 4. Vesicle

How big is one cell’s length?

• A. 1 mm

• B. 0.5 mm

• C. 2 mm

• D. 0.05 mm

• ANSWER: 0.5 mm

In which cells would you find these organelles?

• A. mitochondrion

• B. ribosomes

• Plant and animal

• All cells (plant, animal and prokaryote)

In what type of cells would you find cell walls?

• A. plant

• B. animal

• C. bacteria

• ANSWER: A and C

Which organelle is the chloroplast and which is the mitochondrion?

• (answer next slide)

Which organelle is the chloroplast and which is the mitochondrion?

Who first coined the word “cells?”

• Pasteur

• Leeuwenhoek

• Hooke

• Virchow

• ANSWER: Hooke

Who is given credit for the first microscope?

• Pasteur

• Leeuwenhoek

• Hooke

• Virchow

• ANSWER: Leeuwenhoek

Why would the cell membrane also be called the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Fluid Mosaic Model

• Parts of the membrane shift back and forth

• There are parts (protein channels and carbohydrate chains) embedded in it.

Locate: hydrophobic layerhydrophilic layer carbohydrate chain

protein channel

ANSWERS:

Hydrophilic

hydrophobic

Carbohydrate chain

Protein channel

In which direction will the water flow?

In which direction will the water flow?

From hypotonic to hypertonic solution

In equilibrium it means there is…

• A. No net movement of molecules across a membrane.

• B. No movement of molecules across a membrane.

• C. more movement of molecules across a membrane.

• ANSWER: A

O=osmosis D=diffusion N=neither B=both

• Hi to lo concentration• Through a selectively

permeable membrane• Flow of water• Flow of gases• Down the gradient• Against the gradient

• Both• O

• O• D• B• N

Identify Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

Identify Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic solutions outside the cell.

HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC

What type of passive transport through a cell is using a protein?

• A. active

• B. phagocytosis

• C. diffusion

• D. facilitated diffusion

• ANSWER: D

Matching: CHOICES

• 1. engulfing small pockets of liquid

• 2. material leaving the cell

• 3. engulfing large particles

• 4. general term form engulfing particles into the cell

• Endocytosis

• Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Phagocytosis

Matching:

• 1. engulfing small pockets of liquid

• 2. material leaving the cell

• 3. engulfing large particles

• 4. general term form engulfing particles into the cell

• Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Phagocytosis

• Endocytosis

How is active transport different from passive transport?

• A. uses a protein

• B. uses energy

• C. uses a membrane

• D. is down the gradient

• E. Moves against the gradient

• ANSWER: B and E

Identify as U=unicellular or M=multicellular

• Amoeba• Human• Bacteria• Paramecium• Worm• tree

• U• M• U• U• M• M