SEEING THROUGH A LENS. We see the world through lenses. Eye glasses = lenses. Contact lenses =...

SEEING SEEING THROUGH A THROUGH A

LENSLENS

We see the world through lenses.

Eye glasses = lenses. Contact lenses = lenses.

Magnifying glasses = lenses. Microscopes = lenses. Camera = lenses.

What about individuals that do not need visual aids? Yes, they still see the world through lenses in their eyes. A lens!!

2 TYPES Convex (Converging) Lens

Parallel light rays converge (come to a single point) after refraction through the lens.

Concave (Diverging) Lens Parallel light rays diverge (move

away from each other) after refraction from the lens.

CONVEX LENS F = Primary Focus (2 x F = 2F)

O = Optical Centre

F’ = Secondary Focus (2 x F’ = 2F’); located on same side as incident rays

CONVEX CHARACTERISTIC RAYS

Any incident ray passing through the Secondary Focus will…

REFRACT PARALLEL TO THE PRINCIPAL AXIS

Any incident ray passing through the Optical Centre will…

PASS UNDEVIATED (STRAIGHT THROUGH)

An incident ray parallel to the principal axis will…

REFRACT THROUGH THE PRIMARY FOCUS

Any incident ray passing through 2F’ will…

REFRACT THROUGH 2F

NOTE These rules only apply to THIN lenses

Refraction (Lateral displacement) would occur otherwise.

ANOTHER VIEW

PREDICTING IMAGES IN A CONVEX LENS

Object located beyond 2F’

Where is the image?

The object appears to come where the light originates from.

The image is also located where all the rays come together.

LOST (LAST) Location: Between F & 2F

Attitude/Orientation: Inverted

Size: Smaller than object

Type: Real (Different from Mirrors)

CONCAVE CHARACTERISTIC RAYS

Any incident ray parallel to the principal axis will…

REFRACT AS IF IT HAD PASSED THROUGH THE PRINCIPAL FOCUS

Any incident ray moving toward the Secondary Focus will…

REFRACT PARALLEL TO THE PRINCIPAL AXIS

Any incident ray passing through the Optical Centre will…

PASS UNDEVIATED (GO STRAIGHT THROUGH)

PREDICTING IMAGES IN A CONCAVE LENS

Object located beyond 2F

Where is the image? All the refracted rays diverge!

If the rays diverge, the image is where the refracted rays appear to meet in the opposite direction!

LOST (LAST) Location: Same side as object

Attitude (Orientation): Upright

Size: Smaller than object

Type: Virtual (Different from Mirrors)

SEEING THROUGH A LENS. We see the world through lenses. Eye glasses = lenses. Contact lenses =...

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